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HERALDRY
BRITISH AND FOREIGN
VOL. H
i
A TREATISE ON
HERALDRY
BRITISH AND FOREIGN
WITH ENGLISH AND FRENCH GLOSSARIES
NJZIV AND ENLARGED EDITION
JOHN WOOinVAKD. I.I..1I.
\V, fi A. K. JOHNSTON
U D I N B U R G H AND LONDON
I8y6
SYNOPSIS.
VOL. II.
CHAPTER I.
CADENCY OR DIFFERENCING.
Legal obligation of Cadets to difference amis — Effects of the Wars of the Roses in England — Permanency of old families in Scotland — Sub-infeudation — Rise of Surnames — Few names and original coats in Scotland .... pp. i — 8
Principal modes of Differencing — Change of tincture — The Label — Modem Royal Cadency in England — Arms of the late Prince Consort — Foreign use of the Label — The Bordure — Bordures of Plantagenet Princes, etc. — French Royal Cadency — Spanish Bordures — Use of the Bordure in Scotland— Canton, or Quarter — Use in Low-Countries to indicate maternal descent — Addition of Escucheon — The same en surtout — Addition, or change, of Ordinary— Change of Bounding lines — Addition of small charges — Diminution of charges — Changes of minor charges — Quarterings, Augmentations, and official arms — Substitution — Combinations — Examples of Low-Country Cadency — Croy and Lannoy — Montmorency .... pp. i — 63
CHAPTER II.
MARSHALLING.
Assumption of a wife's arms — Laval — Early Seals — Seals of Great Ladies — Composed Coats — Impalement — Impalement by Dimidiation — Scottish, French, and Irish examples — Arms of the Cinque Ports — Abbey of St. Etienne at Caen — Polish dimidiated coats — Italian examples — Simple Impalement—
728
( ii )
Inpalement a feminine usage — Not always indicative of marriage — Chemin^e oi \h^ Palais de Justice ^i Bruges — Leuch- TENBERG — Spanish fiarti coats — Dacre tomb at Lanercost — Dimidiation per bendy and per bend-sinster — Arms of expectation — Arms conjoined per/ess . pp. 64 — 98
Quartering — Grand-quarters — Percy arms — Quartering per saltire —Jus expectationis — Erb-verbritderung — Escucheon en sur- tout — Low-Country usages — Escucheon of pretence — Arms of an elected Sovereign — German usages — Ecu-Compiet of the Austrian Empire — French and Spanish Marshalling — Italian — Arms of the Dukes of Modena, Parma, Mirandola, and the Doges of Venice— Marshalling in Denmark and Sweden — Quarterings separated by a Cross, or other Ordinary — The Dannebrog — Scottish Marshalling — Heraldry in the Highlands — The Escucheon en surtout — Douglas quartered coats — Scottish bordures — Arms of feudal dignities en surtout — Arms of a woman, heiress of her mother, but not of her father — Issue of Morganatic marriages (Teck and Batienberg) — Official arms of Ecclesiastics, etc. — Arms of Kings of Arms — Electors of the Holy Roman Empire — Grand-Masters, etc., of Orders of St. John ; St. Stephen ; the Teutonic Order, etc.
pp. 99—147
CHAPTER III.
augmentations.
Arms of Edward the Confessor — Howard augmentation — Sir John Clerk, and the Due de Longueville— Dunois— Rutland— Augmentations granted by Henry VIII. to his wives— Grants by James I., and by Charles II. — Later Military and Naval Grants — Scottish Concessions — Imperial Augmentations— Arms of Wallenstein, Michael Angelo, etc., — Guelphic and Ghibelline Chiefs — Austrian, Polish, and French Concessions — Papal grants — Russian Augmentations — Armsof SuwoROFF, Menschikoff, etc.— Prussian grants — The Iron Cross— Arms of Blucher, Moltke, Bismarck, etc.— Swedish Concessions — Spanish grants-^Arms of Columbus, CORTEZ, and \'asco da Gama— Arms of the Incas of Peru
pp. 148 — 169
( iii ) CHAPTER IV.
HERALDIC MARKS OF ILLEGITIMACY.
Coat-armour evidence of nobility — Actual status of bastards in the Middle Ages — The bendlet-sinister, an early and general brisure for illegitimacy — Vulgar error — A bar sinister an impossibility — The filei en barre, or baton pM en barre — Co it tu me de Lorraine — Low -Country Ordonnances — The faux escu — Mistake of Nisbet and Seton with regard to it
pp. 170—175 The Canton — Arms on a bend — The bordure of the legitimated Plantagenets — Arms of Royal bastards — Bastards of noble families — Venality of the old heralds — The bordure-wavy — Marks of bastardy in Scotland — The bordure-gobon^ — The bordure-wavy^ a Scotch mark of legitimate cadency — Marks of illegitimacy in France — Royal bastards — Burgundy and the Low Countries — Interesting series of brisures — Spanish and Portuguese Royal bastards — Italian, German, and Scandinavian examples — The bend-sinister no certain mark of illegitimacy in Continental Armory — Modem grant of it . pp.176 — 209
CHAPTER V.
BADGES.
Early heraldic devices — The badge the earliest form — General use of it for all decorative purposes — Knots and other devices — Royal Badges — Th^ pianta-gem'sta — The White and Red Roses — The Swan — White Hart — The Falcon and Fetterlock, etc., — The Ostrich Feather badge — Royal badges — Livery Collars — Collar of SS pp. 210— 226
CHAPTER VI.
m
EXTERNAL ORNAMENTS. I. HELM AND CREST — WREATH — CREST-CORONET —
LAMBREQUINS.
Crests used by the Vikings — Armorial shields in use before regular crests — Early crests — The "fan-shaped" crest, or ^cran — Crested helm — In England of minor importance — Crests not hereditary — Used to denote cadency — German helms —
( iv )
Annoiries timbrdes in France — Limitation of use — Materials and position of helm — The Stall- Plates and Crests at Windsor — Use of several crested helms in Germany — Use in Scandinavia — In France — Spain — Portugal — Ecclesiastics, right of, to use Crests — Crests denied to women — Reasons for choice of Crest — Buffalo horns — Wings — Vol-banneret — Trompes d^EUphant ! — Composed crests — Panaches^ hats, the plumail — The mitre, and mitred crests — German anomalies — English anomalies — "Our crest P^ — Differenced crests — Use of more than one — Absurd crests — Lambrequins — Wreaths — The calotte and capeline — Capelines-armoydes — Feather lambrequins — Tinctures of mantlings — Contoise — The Crest- Coronet — Mantles, pavilions, etc. . . . pp. 227 — 252
CHAPTER VII.
EXTERNAL ORNAMENTS. II. CROWNS AND CORONETS.
The Iron Crown of LOMBARDY — // Sacro Chiodo — Crown of Charlemagne — Imperial Crown of Germany — Early English Crowns — Development of Crowns — Coronet of Prince of Wales, British Princes, and Princesses — Crown of Scot- land — Closed-crowns — French crowns, and coronets — Crowns of Emperors — Crown of St. Wenceslas — The Szent Korona, or Crown of St. Stephen — Imperial Crown of Russia — Russian Crowns at Moscow — Royal Prussian Crown — Italian, and other Royal Crowns — Archducal coronet — Swedish Princely Crowns — Crown of Doge of Venice — Coronets, licence in use of— Ducal coronet — Used by Marshals of France, and Spanish Grandees — Coronets of Marquesses, Earls, Counts, Viscounts, Barons, etc. — Mortiers of French Judges — Coronets of Dutch Admirals — British ignorance — The Toques of the French Empire — Coronets of Peers of France — Crowns of Kings of arms .... pp. 253 — 270
CHAPTER VIII.
EXTERNAL ORNAMENTS. IIL SUPPORTERS.
Supports^ Tenans^ Soutiens — Origin of Supporters — Evidence of early seals — Single supporters — the Unicorn of Scotland —
( V )
The Apostolic Eagle — Double Supporters — Breton use — Sup- porters mantled— Crested Supporters — Triple Supf)orters — French Royal Supporters — Free use of Supporters abroad — Ordonnances des Pays Bas — Unnecessaiy restrictions — Pedan- tic attention to minutice — Supporters with banners — Use of Supporters in Spain and Italy — Slavonic and other uses — The " beast" — Compartments — British absurdities — Inanimate Supporters — Collars, Stars and Crosses of Orders of Knight- hood— Badges of Office, in Britain, France, Italy, Holland, and Spain — The Cordeli^re — Lacs (VAmour — Palms, etc. — Motto bands — The use of Supporters, to whom limited — Choice of new Supporters — More British absurdities . pp. 271 — 298
CHAPTER IX.
FLAGS— BANNERS— STANDARDS.
Banners of the Bayeux Tapestry — Evidence of Seals — Banners and Bannerets — Bacheleri'es — Fiefs en banni^re — Ecuyer-banneret — A banneret, how made — Banners held by Supporters — Arms on Sails of Ships — Standards — Variations of — Pennoncelles — Guidons — National Flags — The Carroccio in Italy — Battle " of the Standard" — English Flags — Banners at Funerals — The " Union Jack^^ — The Orijlamme— Vexilla — Le Drapeau blanc — The Tricolor of France— Imperial Standards of France and of Germany — Flag of the United States— Austrian and Russian Imperial Standards — Standards of other European Kingdoms pp. 299 — 316
CHAPTER X.
NATIONAL ARMS.
Royal Arms and Supporters of England, its Kings and Queens — National Arms, etc., of Austria, Prussia, Russia, Baden, Bavaria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Denmark, Greece, Hesse, Italy, Luxemburg, Monaco, Montenegro, Netherlands, Portugal, Roumania, Saxony, Servia, Spain, Sweden and Norway, Switzerland, Turkey, and Wurttemberg
pp. 317—342
( vi ) CHAPTER XL
ORDERS OF KNIGHTHOOD, ETC.
British Orders and Decorations — The chief Foreign Orders
PP- 343—372
CHAPTER XII.
MINOR MATTERS— LIVERIES.
Cockades, their origin — Military and Official Cockades in Foreign States pp. 373—377
CHAPTER XIII.
MOTTOES, ETC.
Cris de guerre — Mottoes allusive to arms or crests — Mottoes allusive to name — Historical mottoes — Chateaubriand, Beau- MANOiR, Guzman, La Vallette, Columbus, etc. — Records of Victory or Valour — Sentimental Mottoes — Religious Mottoes — Classical Mottoes — Enigmatical Mottoes — Curiosities — Concluding Remarks — Extent and Importance of Foreign Heraldic Literature — Value of Heraldry as the Key to History
pp. 378—392
APPENDICES.
A. Ordonnance of Charles III., Duke de Lorraine, on the
use of the Parti cule Nobiliaire . . P* 395
B. Portuguese Regulations as to Marks of Cadency p. 396
C. Tourney Regulations of R^n6, Due d'Anjou . . p. 396
D. Grant of Augmentation, and Supporters to Speke . p. 397
E. Concession of a Crest, by John, Comte de Saarbrucken
p. 398
F. Les Armes Fausses p. 399
G. List of English Badges ...... p. 400
H. Formal Transference of Right in Arms . . p. 402
I. Th^ Particule Nobtliaire P- 403
K. Extinction of the Smaller Gentry in England . p. 409
Index P- 4^5
( vii )
PLATES IN VOLUME II.
|
PtATE |
• |
||
|
I. |
Seals |
■ • • • • |
facing page 16 |
|
II. |
Seals |
• • • » • |
18 |
|
III. |
Emblazoned Cadency .... |
32 |
|
|
IV. |
»i |
Marshalling, Dimidiation, etc. . |
74 |
|
V. |
>» |
Marshalling, Dimidiatlon |
76 |
|
VI. |
•« |
Marshalling and Augmentation . |
84 |
|
VII. |
»« |
Marshalling |
96 |
|
vm. |
»» |
Marshalling (Modena and Venice) |
130 |
|
IX. |
f» |
Marshalling |
136 |
|
X. |
j» |
MarshaUing and Augmentation . |
140 |
|
XI. |
» y |
Armorial de Gueldre |
144 |
|
XII. |
ij |
Armorial de Gueldre |
148 |
|
XIII. |
ii |
Armorial de Gueldre |
156 |
|
XIV. |
»» |
Wappenrolle von Ziirich . |
162 |
|
XV. |
n |
Waypenrolle von Zurich . |
168 |
|
XVI. |
»» |
Illegitimacy |
172 |
|
xvn. |
»♦ |
Illegitimacy |
178 |
|
xvin. |
»» |
Marshalling |
184 |
|
XIX. |
»> |
Marshalling and Illegitimacy |
192 |
|
XX. |
f> |
Marshalling |
204 |
|
XXI. |
Crests |
• • • • • |
230 |
|
XXII. |
Crests and |
Supporters .... |
240 |
|
xxni. |
Crowns and Coronets .... |
254 |
|
|
XXIV. |
Banners, Sail, etc. .... |
800 |
|
|
XXV. |
Emblazoned Royal Arms of England . |
320 |
|
|
XXVI. |
»» |
Royal Arms of Great Britain |
330 |
|
XXVII. |
** |
Arms of Austria, and Russia |
336 |
|
XX vm. |
»» |
Arms of German Empire, and United |
I |
|
States . . . . . |
338 |
||
|
XXIX |
»f |
Arms of Prussia, and Brunswick |
342 |
i
( ix )
ILLUSTRATIONS IN TEXT.
VOL. II.
Fici.
1.
2. 3.
4.
5.
6. 7.
8. 9.
10. 11.
12.
13.
14. 15.
Page
Xa5e2 of Prince of Wales . 20
Princess Royal 20 Wmiam, Duke of
Clarence 20
Princess Augusta . 20 Edward, Duke of
Kent ... 20
Princess Elizabeth 20 Leopold, Duke of
Aloany 21
Princess Mary 21 Adolphus, Duke of
Cambridge . 21
Princess Sophia 21 Escucheon of Henri de
Ferri^res . , . .64
Diagram of the Ecu Complet
of the Austrian Empire . 118 Arms of Hungary from
Nyiry Heraldika . . 119
From llyara Heraldika 120 Amu of Hungary from
Nyira HeraldUca . . 122
»»
Fio. 16.
17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24.
25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30.
31.
32.
Crest of John, King of Bohemia .... Daubeny Achievement Crest-Coronets . Arms of Olivier Van Noort Crown of Charlemagne Crovm of Hungary Crovm of S. Vladimir Arm^f etc. of Prince Putbus SetU of Louis, Count of Flanders .... Percy Standard . Bayeux Tapestry Banner .
It
>f
Banner
»> of
it
It
it Maurice
de Berkeley ....
Dragons from Bayeux Tapestry
Tabard or Coat of Arms
Fade
219 227 250 251 253 260 262 271
298 299 299 299 299 299
301
316 392
H ERALDRY:
BRITISH AND FOREIGN.
CHAPTER I.
CADENCY, OR DIFFERENCING.
Before armorial bearings had been for a century in general use it was found necessary to distinguish by their variations, not only different families but different members, or branches of the same family. It came to be understood that the head of the house could alone use the pure unaltered coat. Even the heir apparent, or heir presumptive, had no right to use the ancestral coat without some variation ; in common with the other cadets he had to bear it with a difference^ or brisure. This was early an unwritten but generally accepted law. The obligation of cadet lines to difference their arms was recognised over nearly the whole of civilised Europe in the fourteenth century ; and when, later, the obligation seemed in danger of being forgotten it was made the subject of direct legislation.
Thus in the treatise of ZVPCEUS, de Notitia Juris Belgiciy lib. xii. (quoted also in Men^triER, Recherches du Blazon^ p. 218), we find the following : —
" Ut secundo et ulterius geniti, quin imo primogeniti vivo patre, integra insignia non gerant, sed aliqua nota distincta, ut perpetuo lineae dignosci possint, et ex qu^ VOL. 11. B
( 2 )
quique descendant, donee anteriores defecerint. Exceptis Luxemburgis et Gueldris, quibus non sunt ii mores." (The exception is curious. I have printed the Regu- lations in force in Portugal in the Appendix B. to this book.)
The choice of these brisures was, however, left to the persons concerned ; and there is, consequently, a great variety of these ancient modes of difference which it is the object of this chapter to set forth in detail.
In England, where great stringency of regulation has prevailed with regard to some armorial matters of small importance, it has (as is often the case) been accompanied with extreme laxity as regards other, and more impor- tant, ones. Practically differences have very generally fallen into disuse.
The old systems of differencing which it is the purpose of this chapter to describe, were practically abandoned in the sixteenth centuiy, and were replaced by the present unsatisfactory " Marks of Cadency," Vol. II., {v. p. 54) consisting of minute charges intended to denote the order of birth of a series of brothers, and them- selves to be charged in a second generation by a still minuter series. Even to this limited extent the system has been found unworkable, and beyond a second generation there is not even the semblance of provision for indicating cadency.
In the remarks on DIFFERENCES printed in the Appendix to Lower's Curiosities of Heraldry from an essay by Sir Edward Bering, circa 1630, occur the following just remarks : —
"These minute differences, as they were anciently dangerous and insufficient, so in manner as they are now used they were then unknown ; neither is there art enough by any of our heralds* rules, though much refined of late, to guide one so as to know which of the crescent-bearers was the uncle, or which the nephew.
( 3 )
and for crescent upon crescent, mullet upon mullet, etc., in a pedigree of no great largeness, perspective glasses and spectacles cannot help you ; but you must have Lyncean eyes, or his that could write Homer's Iliads and fold them into a nutshell."
As in England so on the Continent generally brisures have gone greatly into disuse. It is in Scotland alone that the old system of differencing has never ceased to be iu viridi obserifantiA. In fact the most striking peculiarity of Scottish Heraldry is the importance which it has always attached to distinguishing the arms of the cadets of a family from those which pertain to its chief. It must, however, be confessed that circumstances, presently to be referred to, have made this an easier matter than it has been elsewhere.
Anyone who has given attention to the different economic conditions of England and Scotland will have little difficulty in apprehending the reasons which have made differencing at once easier and more important in North Britain than in the southern kingdom. These are the permanency of the old families ; and the close- ness of the family and feudal tie. At an early period the leading families of England began to wane, not merely out of power but out of existence. Great baronial houses continually ended in heiresses and co-heiresses who often divided estates and carried them to meaner men. The great struggle between the Houses of York and Lancaster, known as the Wars of Ou Roses, swept whole families of both the greater and lesser nobility off the face of the earth. Of the twenty- five barons appointed to enforce the observance of Magna Charta, who must have been chief among the magnates of England, there is not a male descendant surviving in its present peerage. It is not intended to imply that the present nobility of the British Empire is inferior in point of ancient lineage, or in any other
( 4 )
respect, to the existing noblesse of any other European country. The very reverse is the case. The foreigner, who looks simply to the date of the Peerage dignity of one of our nobles, is very liable to form an entirely false idea with regard to this matter. He does not know, probably he has no nteans of knowing, that a person called to the House of Lords, Iviperante VictoriA^ may be the head, or at least and still more probably the cadet, of a family of untitled gentlemen who can trace their descent in the male line, if they care so to do, to a companion of the Norman Conqueror. Sir Bernard Burke tells us that " Wrottesley, a Baron of Queen Victoria's reign, can establish what no other member of the House of Lords can — a male line of descent from a FOUNDER Knight OF THE Garter," although "Vernon is sprung from Richard, Baron of Shipbroke recorded in Domesday Book; , . . . and Bagot is the head of a race of gentlemen traceable back to the Conquest, from a junior branch of which sprang the celebrated house of Stafford, ducal under the title of Buckingham." {The Rise of Great Families^ p. 33, 1873.) Still there has been a great extinction of once noble names. A large proportion of the surnames borne by knightly and noble families in the fourteenth, and earlier centuries, have utterly passed away from common ken. We find them recorded, with the ensigns which their owners bore, in our Heraldic Ordinaries and Rolls of Anns^ but a large proportion of them would sound unfamiliar in the ears of modern Englishmen. Occasionally we meet in some country village a name which we find to be a corruption, or remote survival, of a name once well known and honoured as knightly or noble. {^See Appendix K.)
On the other hand, the Scoto-Norman Barons were remarkable for their numerous progeny ; a physical fact for which the intermixture of Celtic blood has been
( 5 )
suggested as a cause. Sub-infeudation, which in England had been prohibited from the time of the Plantagenet kings, was largely practised in Scotland. The great baron, owner of an extensive but thinly peopled domain, could provide each of his sons with a fief to be held from him for rent, or military service. Each son divided his fief among his children ; and this sub-infeudation went on till every powerful family could count a large array of cadets ; many of them, no doubt, in comparatively obscure positions, but the tie of blood, carefully cherished on both sides, imparted a patriarchal character to the relation of superior and vassal. Moreover, in feudal Scotland, the following of commercial pursuits was not held to derogate from the status of gentility to the same extent as in some foreign countries, or even as in England : and two hundred years ago the younger scions of families of distinction were often engaged in occupations which are not nowadays associated with the idea of gentle birth.
The student can hardly fail to notice the striking difference between England and Scotland in the matter of the number and variety of surnames, and of the arms attaching to them. Whole districts of Scotland have their predominating names, which are generally those of the old feudal families. Argyllshire is peopled with Campbells ; Inverness-shire with Macdonalds ; Aber- deenshire with Gordons, and Forbeses; and the southern counties with SCOTTS, Kers, ELLIOTS, JOHN- STONES and Maxwells.
For a long time after their introduction surnames were used only by the gentry ; and when they began to be assumed by the lower orders, the clansmen almost invariably took the name of his chief, considering himself a member of his family, at least by adoption, if not by a closer tie the remembrance of which tradi- tion had preserved. In England it was far otherwise.
( 6 )
New men emerged, and founded new families ; under the Tudor sovereigns, hundreds of novi fiomines received grants of arms. It was easier to adopt new arms than (even for those who might possibly have succeeded in doing so had they tried) to trace a connection with families whose importance had passed away. (Some- times such a connection has been traced in later times, and a family has either reverted to the use of its old coat or has added it as a quartering to the newer one.)
Hence it comes to pass that, while in England the multitude of entirely distinct coats of arms is enormous, in Scotland the number of original coats is small ; but the distinct and well-defined insignia of the chief of the family are differenced by its other members in such a manner as to show forth, more or tess clearly, their relation to the head of the house, and to other cadets ; and in many cases also to suggest their maternal descent. I have Dr Burnett's authority for stating that :— " In the Official Register of Arms from 1672 up to 1888 the entries for members of the families of CAMPBELL, Hamilton, Stewart, and Scott, compose about a ninth of the whole; and if we add the MURRAVS,
Douglases, Hays, Grahams, Mackenzies, Drum- MONDs, Grants, Forbeses, Cunninghams, and Erasers, we have exhausted a fourth of the existing record of arms. In the case of the most numerous family, the CAMPBELLS — for whom more than a hundred coats are registered — by far the larger number have been assigned to persons either certainly having, or with a high degree of probability claiming, a connection with the head of the house." One of the principal duties imposed on Lyon by the Scottish Parliament in 1592, is the assign- ing of proper differences to cadets, and the bearing of arms without such differences was made penal by the statutes of 1662, and 1672.
( 7 )
There was, however, such "relaxation and latitude" in the practice of the Office (see Report on the Lyon Courts 1822), that the enforcement of these statutes became ever increasingly difficult, in later times was seldom attempted, and is now practically impossible. It might be reasonably doubted whether three-fourths of the persons bearing arms in Scotland at the present time, even though they may not be upstart assumers of arms to which they have no shadow of claim by descent, are not equally obnoxious to the charge of being breakers of the law.
In most English heraldic books this important subject of differencing is only adverted to very briefly ; and then almost entirely with reference to the little regarded practice of modern times. One bright exception is the excellent work by my late friend the Rev. C. BOUTELL, Heraldry^ Historical and Popular ; in which there is a most valuable and interesting Chapter on " Cadency and Diflerencing," the materials for which are mainly extracted from the English Rolls of Anns,
The Scottish Herald NiSBET treats the subject much more fully than his English contemporaries, in a separate work on Marks of Cadency ^ as well as in his System of Heraldry ; one of the causes of the popularity of the latter being the fact that in it a large number of the differenced arms of cadets were there made accessible to the reader than (before the publication of BURKE's General Armory') could be found elsewhere out of the Lyon Register. But the too enthusiastic admirers of NiSBET sometimes need a gentle reminder that there has been some little advance in heraldic and archaeo- logical knowledge since the publication of his work. NiSBET was not in possession of historical materials which are now easy of access ; and the portion of his work which touches on differencing has relation mainly to the cadency of comparatively modern times. Though
( 8 )
in Scotland Rolls of Arms do not exist of the early date of those which we possess in England (many of which have been printed within the last quarter of a century), the two volumes of Scottish Seals, edited by Mr H. Laing, supply us with materials equally ancient ; and these are for later times supplemented by the illumi- nated manuscripts of the sixteenth century by Sir DAVID Lindsay ; and by the collections of Workman, and others, which have been made accessible to the student in the late Mr Stodart's volumes of Scottish Arms,
With regard to continental modes of differencing contemporary information more than sufficient for our purpose is at hand in the admirable collections of seals contained in the works of Vr£e, Demay, Douet de L'Arc, and others ; in the Armorials of the Heralds "GuELDRE," and Giles Bouvier, "Berry" Roi d'Armes ; in the works of Spener and Siebmacher ; and the several treatises of MENfeTRlER, and La Roque ; as well as in Maurice's Blason des Armoiries de tous les Clievcdiers de VOrdre de la Toison dOr ; and the Wap- penrolle von Zurich.
We will now proceed to detail the principal modes by which Cadency was denoted.
The principal modes of differencing hereafter to be described are the following : —
1. Change of Tincture (p. 9).
2. The addition of the Label (p. 13).
3. The use of the Bordure (p. 25).
4. The addition of a Canton or Quarter (p. 32).
5. The addition of an Escucheon, not en surtout
(P- 34). ^
6. The addition of an Escucheon, en surtout (p. 35).
7. The addition (or change) of an Ordinary (p. 36).
8. Changing the boundary lines of an Ordinary
(p. 41).
( 9 )
9. The addition of small charges to the Field ; or
charging an Ordinary with Minor Charges
(p. 43)-
10. Diminishing the number of Charges (p. 51).
1 1. Change of Minor Charges (p. 51).
12. The use of the " Marks of Cadency " (p. 54).
13. The addition of Quarterings (p. 56).
14. Augmentations, and Official Arms (p. 58).
1 5. Examples of Cadency combining the preceding
(p. 61). (The differences used to denote Illegitimacy are treated separately in Chapter IV., p. 170.)
I. Difference by Change of Tincture. — One of
the earliest modes of difference was to preserve the figures, but to vary the tinctures. Two families of Chan- DOS bore ^pile gules ; the Herefordshire branch on a field or ; the Derbyshire branch (to which belonged Sir John Chandos, K.G., d. 1369) bore it on a field argent. In the reign of Henry III. the Loterels bore: Or, a bend between six martlets sable, of which a differenced coat in the Roll of Edward II. is that borne by Sir Geoffrey Loterel : Azure, a bend between six martlets argent. The FURNIVALS, who held lands under the Loterels, assumed the same bearings, but varied the tinctures. In the Roll of the Thirteenth Century, Walter de Furnival bears ; ''d' Argent, un bend et six merloz gules ; " and the same coat is ascribed to Gerard DE Furnival in St. George's Roll,'So, 210; which
also contains another coat borne by THOMAS FURNIVAL (No. 208) : Or, a bend between six martlets gules. It must however be noted that changes of tincture were also used to denote feudal connection ; thus the same charges, but with different tinctures, were used by other feudal allies of the FURNIVALS and LUTTERELS. The ECCLE- SHALLS bore : Sable, a bend between six martlets or. The MOUNTENEYS : Azure, a bend between six martlets or.
( lo )
The Tempests {temp, Richard II.) carried : Argent, a bend between six martlets sable. In Glover'S Roll {temp, Henry III.) Richard de Harcourt uses: cPOr, ct deux barres de goules (note that these are not the French barreSy but the English bars\ and in the reign of Edward II. this coat is borne by a Sir John Har- court ; and by another Sir JOHN, probably a cousin, who carried the coat with the tinctures reversed. Similarly in the reign of EDWARD I. {First Nobility Rally 1297) Thomas Moulton, Baron of Egremont, bears : Argent^ three bars gules. In the Roll oi Edward III. this coat is ascribed to Lord MoULTON of Gillesland, while Lord MoULTON of Frankton, bears '* le retfers" (Cotgrave'S Roll). (See the Balliol differences below, pp. 35, 43.)
Walter Martell, bore : Gules, three martlets argent, but Richard changed the tincture of the field to Sable. The Zouche coat with its bezants has the field of Gules when borne by Aleyne la Zouche, of Azure when carried by WILLIAM LA ZouCHE (PlanchE's Roll\ Nos. 160, 161). Similarly, RICHARD and Yngram DE Brus bore a saltire and chief or, on fields respectively Gules, and Azure (Nos. 600, 602). JORIS, and JOHN Cantelow (Cantelupe) placed their three golden fleurs-de-lis in the same manner on fields o{ gules, and azure.
In Scotland one of the best known examples of differencing by change of tincture is afforded by the arms of the Campbells, Earls of Loudoun. The first of the family married SUSANNA Crawfurd, heiress of Loudoun, who bore : Gules, a fess ermine, and these tinctures were accordingly substituted for the or and sable of the original CAMPBELL coat. So the family of Hume, or Home, who descended from the Earls of March, differenced by bearing their silver lion-rampant on a green field, instead of on the original red one.
Some branches of the DOUGLAS family bore the field
( II )
of their arms of ertnine^ instead of argent, as early as 1273. A similar mode of differencing is found in the earlier Lyon Register for other families. The BOYDS, who are understood to descend from, a younger brother of the first High Steward of Scotland, bore : Azure, a/ess chequy argent and gules ; the STEWART arms differenced by change of tincture. The engrailed azure cross of Sinclair was borne on the same silver field, but its tincture was changed to sable by the Herdmanston line. The well-known coat of the Hays is : Argent, three escuclieons gules ; several cadets differenced by change of tincture, the Hays of Boyne reversed the tinc- tures ; those of Leys made the field ermine ; those of Broxmouth retained the field argent, but made the charges vert, Dr BURNETT tells us that a change of tincture of the field frequently occurs in the Lyon Register in the case of families who bear the same surname, but ^* who are not asserted or certainly known to be descended from the same ancestor." There is reason to fear that in such cases complaisance has been sometimes carried too far.
In Planch£'s Roll four persons of the name of FlTZ- Edmund difference in this way (Nos. 586-89). Reynaud bears : (9r, an eagle displayed azure ; RICHARD, Sable the eagle or; Athelward, Argent, t/ie eagle azure ; and Wychard, Azurey the eagle or ; each adds on a chief of tlu tincture of tfu charge a lion passant of tlie field,
Jacques, Sire de Bayon in Lorraine, who descended from a younger son of Duke Frederic I., bore : Argent, on a bend gules three alerions or, a label of five points azure. The metals of the arms of LORRAINE are here inverted as a difference. {See Mr Watson's note on PLANCHt*S Roll, No. 500, in The Genealogist, vol. viii., p. 211.) (On the inversion of tinctures as a mark of Illegitimacy, vide infra, p. 208.)
The four sons of GiLLES de Mailly, who bore :
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Or, three mallets vert, differenced by change of tinc- ture ; the second, third, and fourth sons respectively made the charges, gules, azure, and sable. The family of DE Grol£e bore : Gyronny, or and sable, but the cadets in Dauphiny changed the metal to argent. This mode of difference was frequent in the Low Countries. Arnold, Count of Arschot, circa 1120, who bore : Or, three fleurs-de-lis sable, had five sons ; the eldest inherited the paternal arms ; the second, Gerard of Wesemale, took : Gules, three fleurs-de-lis argent (in this line another differenced coat was : Or, three fleurs- de-lis gules). The third, GEOFFREY DE ROTZELAER, bore: Argent, three fleurs-de-lis gules; the fourth, Henry DE Riviere : Argent, three fleurs-de-lis sable; the fifth, Jean DE Schoonhoven : Gules, three fleurs-de- lis or. The Dukes of Brabant carried : Sable, a lion rampant or; but GODFREY, brother of Duke Henry, differenced by bearing the lion argent. Gaultier Bertaut, Seigneur de Mechlin, bore : Or, three pales gules; his brother GiLLES, Seigneur de Berlaer, changed the field to argent. (Spener, Opus Heraldicum, pars gen., p. 347; and Men^trIER, VMtable Art du Blason, c. 19, p. 352.)
In Holland a very large number of families who bear three zuilen (chess-rooks ; vide ante. Vol. I., p. 404) are distinguished solely by the change of tincture in field or charges.
In Germany similar mutations are abundant. The Counts of SOLMS bear : Or, a lion rampant azure, which is said to indicate community of descent with the house of Nassau, of which the original coat was : Azure, a lion rampant or. {See note in Trier's Einleitung zu der Wapen-Kunst, p. 601 ; Leipzig, 1744.) The Counts of SciIVVALENBERG bore : Gules, a star or ; those of STERN- BERG the reverse ; those of Waldeck, Or, a star sable. All claimed the same progenitor ; WiTEKiND, Count of
( 13 )
SCHWALENBERG, d. 1190. {See LuCiE, Graffen-Saal, pp. 648-662.)
Two families of the Counts of Spanheim use : Cliequyy the one argent and gules, the other azure and or. The Counts of Sternberg, and of Haymsberg, in Carinthia, who bear respectively Azure, and Gules, three estoiles or, had a common ancestor in the Baron von Saaneck. {See also Leuchtenberg in the next chapter.)
The two lines of the old Counts of Isenburg differ- enced in this way. The one bore : Argent, two bars sable; the other made the bars gules. The arms of the Counts of MONTFORT, Feldkirch, Werdenberg, etc. {y. Vol. I., p. 389), are very notable examples of German arms differenced solely by change of tincture. {See Spener, Opus Heraldicutn, p. spec, p. 624.)
Two families of BOYNEBURG use: Quarterly, the one argent and sable ; the other argent and azure. Similarly different branches of the French family of BRETON are said to bear : Quarterly, or and gules ; or and azure ; sable and argent ; argent and gules. (See Le H^raut d' Amies, p. 327.)
In PLANCHfi's Roll the " SiR DE ASCHE " (No. 387) bears : Argent, a fess azure, over all a saltire gules ; but "JOHAN SUN FRERE" (No, 388) changes the field to or. (It may be noticed that this is one of many examples which prove that the old fantastic ideas as to the relative superiority, or inferiority, of the respective metals and tinctures was without foundation. Here the younger brother bears the supposed superior metal.) In the same Roll, Nos. 640 and 641 are as follows ^^640, Azure, a chief cliequy or and gules, for SymoN DE Perpunt;" "641, Cliequy or and gules, a chief azure, for Symon DE Perpuntt." If these are distinct persons their arms afford a curious example of differencing by inversion.
II. The Label. — The next mode of Difference is by the introduction into the upper part of the shield of the
{ 14 )
figure known as the label (from lambeau^ a strip, or shred). In the earliest times it was called a file^ a name which Planch£ connects "Nith. filiation. The Label is a narrow horizontal bar, or strip, placed across the upper part of the shield, and having dependent from it at right angles other strips, usually three or five, but sometimes four in number. Sometimes the label is found absolutely in chief, but usually a strip of the field is made to intervene between the upper edge of the label and the summit of the shield. This label is in England considered to be the brisure of the eldest son (except in the case of Royal Princes), but in olden times its use was not so limited ; nor does it appear that any particular meaning was attached to the number of points, or to its tincture, the former varying even for the same individual, and the latter being only such as to make it conspicuous upon the shield. In Touraine, where the label has become an integral part of several ancient coats, the number of its points is sometimes unusually large. The seal of GuiLLAUME D'ASPREMONT, Chevalier Banneret in 1218, has a label o{ ten points over the coat : Gules y a lion rampant or^ crowned azure, (See La Touraine by BoURASsfe, p. 374; but at p. 347 the number of points is seven,) This is the number also in the shield of DE Ramefort, Chevalier-Banneret, who carried : Fusily or and azure^ a label of seven points gules. The coat of Chauvigny : Argent, three fusils in fess gules, has a label of six points sable. At Caerlaverock in 1300 the silver label of Edward, Prince of Wales, has five points, but in modern practice only three points are used. It seems early to have been the rule in England that the heir, and perhaps also the heir presumptive, should bear his family coat differenced by a label. Abroad, instances are numerous in which the label was borne by the second son {cf Planch£'s Roll), and I doubt the existence at any time of a regular system by which the degree of filiation could be indicated. In the Roll of Caerlaverock
( 15 )
the labal is repeatedly referred to. Of Sir MAURICE DE Berkeley (whose banner borne in the siege of that castle is represented on p. 301) it is expressly declared that
" . . . . iin label de asur avoit, Porce qe ces peres vivoit."
Sir Patrick Dunbar, son of the Earl of Lothian
(i.e. of March), then bore arms similar to his father, with the addition of a label azure. On the other hand, Sir John de Segrave is said to bear his deceased father's arms undifferenced, while his younger brother NICHOLAS carries them with a label gules ; and in the case of Edmund of Hastings the label is also assigned to a younger brother. Further proof of its being thus borne by cadets is furnished by the evidence in the Grey and Hastings controversy in the reign of Henry IV., from which it appeared that the younger line of the Hastings family had for generations differenced the paternal coat by a label of three points ; and, as various knights and esquires had deposed to this label being the cognisance of the nearest heir, it was argued that the defendant's ancestors would not have borne their arms in this way, had they not been the reputed next heirs to the family of the Earl of PEMBROKE. Other English instances are well known in which the label became hereditary, and an integral part of the family bearings, as in the case of the house of COURTENEY (who improperly laid it aside in modern times) : and it is still borne thus by the families of Babington of Rothley : Radclyffe of Foxdenton ; COLVILE of Duffield, etc.
NiSBET mentions three examples of its permanent retention in Scotland: — Hamilton, Earl of Abercorn who carried it (Dr BURNETT says, without any official authority " until, and even after, the extinction of the male line of the ducal house of Abercorn ") ; Arbuth-
( i6 )
NOT of Findowric, and Maxwell, Lord Herries. To these we must add the CONGALTONS of that Ilk (of whose coat Dr BURNETT thinks the label always formed an integral part), Of, a bend gules, over all a label azure. The Bethunes, Dues de Charost in France, bore: Argent, a f ess gules, with in chief a label of tlie last, as a perma- nent difference.
Jean de Luxemburg, one of the original Knights of the Golden Fleece (No. xiii.), was Count de LiGNEV, and younger brother of PIERRE DE LUXEMBURG. Count de St. Paul. He died in 1440, and his arms {Argent, a lion rampant double queud gules, crowned or), were differenced by a label azure. Similarly JACQUES DE LUXEMBURG, Seigneur de RiCHEBOURG, younger brother of LoULS, Comte de St. Paul, has the same arms and difference. He was Knight of the Golden Fleece (No. Ixvii.), and died 1471. CLAUDE DE Neui CHATEL {Chevalier de la Toison d'Or, No. c), who was second son of Thiebaut, Seigneur de Neub- CHAtel, bore in his brother Henry's lifetime (though it may be noted that the latter had no heirs of his body) the arms of Neufchatel {Gules, a bend argent), with a label azure.
The seals of GEOFFREY de Brabant, third son of Duke Henry, are given in Vr£e {GMalogie des Comtes de FlandreSy plates xxxiii. and xxxiv.). On the one the lion of Brabant is debruised by a label o{ three points ; on the other the shield borne by his mounted figure, the caparisons of his charger, his ailettes, and the shield of his counter-seal, are all consistent in bearing the label of four points.
In course of time the capacity of the label for differ- encing was extended by its points being drawn wider and charged ; the charges being made to have a genealogical significance. Thus Robert, Comte d'ARTOlS, brother of S. LouLs of France, bore France-ancient, with, for
■r 1 .
I ' I- tit ! •■ ' ■
r-.. •■•■■.I '•. '-i*' < I
I . ■ : » . ■ •
«.
, V •.: • 'i-' »'•' "•- '
: . ..r 1 • ••:
t ■ V
ExFURATton or FlatiKB. Tbomu Pluitagenet, K.O., Doke of GlonoMter, ISSS (SoulcU). 2. Jcui, Dae d« B«ni. tirea 1408 (I>nna|>). 3. JeuuM de Fmaee, Dushcai of Bnifniidj, ISIS {Frit). 4. Hanir of LMMMtor, Eul of Deri>r, Here-
( '7 )
brisure, a label of CASTILE ; (that is, of Gules, each point charged with three castles or^ indicating his maternal descent. {See Vr£e, GinMogie des Comtes de Flandre, p. 48, where the label on his seal is of three points; on his counter-seal it is of five. See also Vol. I., Plate I., fig. 5.)
The arms of the Plantagenet Princes' afford us many examples of this extended use of the label. Edmund Crouchback, Earl of Lancaster, second son of Henry III., after his marriage with Blanche (daughter of Robert, Comte d'ARTOls, brother of S. LOULS) bore : England, with a label of France. In the Calais Roll (1347) the arms of his grandson, Henrv Plantagenet, first Duke of Lancaster, are England, a label of France (three, or five, points were used) {see his seal on Vol. II., Plate I., fig. 4). After his creation as Duke he bore the same label upon the Royal Arms : Quarterly, France-ancient and England. Lionel, Duke of Clarence, third son of Edward III., and Earl of Ulster in right of his wife ELIZABETH DE BURGH,bore a label of five points, charged with crosses (probably from the arms of ULSTER : Or, a cross gules!)
Edward, Earl of Rutland, eldest son of Edmund of Langley, Duke of York, bore ; France and England quarterly, with a label of CASTILE, as above described ; — a label per pale of Castile and of Leon (the latter half being of Argent, charged with six lions gules, or purpure), is also attributed to him. His mother was Isabella daughter of Pedro the Cruel, King of Castile and Leon. On his seal the sail of the ship borne as Lord High Admiral is charged with an Augmentation derived from the arms of Edward the Confessor, impaled with his own {see Vol. II., Plate XXIV., fig. 4, and p. 93 ; the two labels in conjunction have an unusual appearance). This fashion of charged labels had a great number of imitators among the high nobility of England. In
VOL. II. c
( i8 )
the Calais Roll of 1343 occurs the shield of Sir Edward de Montagu ; Ermine^ three fusils conjoined in fess gules^ with a label of three points or^ each bearing an eagle vert (engraved in BOUTELL, Heraldry, Historical and Popular, p. 225). On the stained glass at Shrewsbury the coat of Charleton of Powvs bears the POWYS arms {Or, a lion rampant gules), with a label vert, on each point an eagle or ; Charleton having originally borne Vert^ three eagles or {Hercdd atid GenecUogist^ vi., p. 119). The label on the first and fourth quarters of Sir John Bourchier, K.G., Lord Berners in 1475, is of gules, each point charged with three lions <?/' ENGLAND, his mother having been Anne PlaNTAGENET, daughter
of Thomas, Duke of Gloucester, sixth son of Edward
III. His brother WILLIAM, Lord FiTZWARREN. similarly bears a label of FRANCE. The eldest brother, Henry Bourchier, Earl of Essex, bore his paternal arms un- differenced {Argent, a cross engrailed sable between four water-budgets gules). ROBERT DE COURTENAV, second
son of Hugh, first Earl of Devon, by Agnes St.
John, charged his azure label with nine golden mullets derived from those which appear on his mother's coat : Argent, on a chief gules two mullets pierced or. Sir James A u dele, whose mother was a daughter of William de Longespee, bore : Gules, fretty or, with a label azure charged on each point with a lion rampant or, for his maternal descent {cf Vol. I., Plate XXIV., fig. 12). Sir William Lovel (whose coat was : Barry nebuly or and gules), differenced with a label of Valence : barry of six azure and argent, on each of the exterior points tivo martlets gules. Sir Robert DE LA Vache differenced his coat : Gules, three lions rampant argent, with a label of (Warren), chequy or and azure. In the Roll of Edward II., the two brothers, William and Thomas Latimer, who bore : Gules, a cross patonce or, differ- ence— the one with a label sable, on each point three
Bxruuunoii o
L Countv Swl «f Lodli XU. Mid FtWHdi L (rrit). 2. Sol of Eamoud MortitiMr, 1372. 3. BmJ of Ony da Munott, Honk ut St. Oermaui I'ADiKTob lEgtmbaeh). 4. Fortkm of S«^ of BUncho of CMtUk,
•-. 12M iVrti). 7. SmI of ImUUa, DooImm of Albu;, CountoH of
( 19 )
plates ; the label of the other is of azure^ each point cJtarged with three fleur-de-lis or. The SCROPE labels recorded in the Roll of RICHARD II. afford a good series of examples of the use of this mark of cadency. Richard LE Scrope bears the full arms : Azure^ a bend or ; Henry, William, and John difference with labels respectively of argent^gules^and ennine. Another H ENRY charges his argent label with three bars gules, but THOMAS with an annulet sable. With these we may compare the St. Maur series. Lorenz DE Seinmor bears: Argent, two cluvrons gules, a label vert ; NiCOL, makes the label of France. Rauf, changes the field to ennine with a label vert ; and another NICOLAS uses the same coat but adds 3L fleur-de-lis or to each point of the label. On the seal of William, first Baron Fauconberg, in 1301, the label appears to be inverted {jCat, of Seals in Brit, Mus,, No. 9637).
In early times we only occasionally find the label used by a lady, thus Janet Fentoun, daughter and heir apparent of WALTER Fentoun of Baikie, bore a label in 1448, and dropped it after her father's death. MARGARET Stewart, Countess of Angus in her own right, bore a label (it is difficult to say on what ground) in 1366. A very curious Scottish label is to be seen on the seal of William Fraser, "son of the late Master Alexander Fraser." There is no shield, but each point of the label is charged with two of the fraises belonging to his paternal coat.
In modern English usage a label has become par excellence the Mark of Royal Cadency. In the lifetime of his brother ARTHUR, HENRY, Duke of YoRK (after- wards Henry VIII.) bore the label ermine. So, during the lifetime of Henry, Prince of Wales, Prince Charles Stuart (afterwards King as Charles I.) was Duke of York and Albany, and differenced with a label argetit, on each of its points three torteaux in pale. This label had
( 20 )
been previously used by Edmond of Langley, Duke of York (d. 1402), fifth son of Edward III. Boutell {Heraldry^ Historical and Popular, p. 240) suggests that this charge of the torteaux on the label of YORK came from the arms of the Wakes of Lydel (Or, two bars gules, in chief three torteaux), whose heiress married Edmond Plantagenet, the youngest son of Edward I. ; and that through his descendants the Hollands it came to Edmond (of Langley), Duke of York. According to Heylyn, the same difference was used by Henry, Duke of Gloucester, third son of Charles I., but this appears doubtful. jAMES Stuart, Duke of York (afterwards King as James H.), followed the precedent of Henry VHI. who, as Duke of York, bore the label ermine.
To William Stuart (called Duke of Gloucester), infant son of Queen Anne, was assigned the silver label charged on the central point with a cross of St. George {gules).
The family of George III. bore the following labels of three points, all argent : —
Fig. 1.
Fio. 3.
*
Fio 6.
SJ
I
it
Fig. 2.
I
J9l
Fig. 4.
31 1^
Fig. 6.
Royal Labkls.
•.••
K
3
< " )
9
9
P '^
Fig. 7.
^^^^
3 €
9
;3i
Fig. 8.
Fig. 9. Fio. 10.
RoTAL Labels.
The Prince of Wales, the plain label argent (fig. i). Frederick, Duke of York (as William, Duke of
Gloucester) a label argent with the cross of St.
George on the centre point. William Henry, Duke of Clarence, the centre point
charged with the cross of St. George, each of the
others with an anchor azure (fig. 3). Edward, Duke of Kent, on the central point the cross
gules, on each of the others a fleur-de-lis azure
(fig. 5). Ernest Augustus, Duke of Cumberland, on the
central point a fleur-de-lis azure, on eath of the
others a cross gules, Augustus Frederick, Duke of Sussex, on the central
point two hearts in pale guleSy on each of the
others a cross of St. George. Adolphus Frederick, Duke of Cambridge, on the
central point the cross of St. George, on each of
the others two hearts in pale gules (fig. 9). The Princesses also differenced their arms with the same silver label, charged thus r — Charlotte, Princess-Royal (Queen of WOrtemberg),
on the centre point a rose of ENGLAND ; on each of
the others a cross of St. George (fig. 2). (This
( « )
label was also borne by the Princess CHARLOTTE
of Wales, daughter of George IV. It was assigned
to her in 1816.) The Princess AUGUSTA, on the centre point a rose of
England ; on each of the others an ermine-spot
sable (fig. 4). The Princess ELIZABETH (Landgravine of Hesse
Homburg), on the centre point the cross of St.
George ; on each of the others a rose of ENGLAND
(fig. 6). The Princess Mary, (Duchess of GLOUCESTER), on the
centre point a rose of England ; on each of the
others a canton gules (fig. 8). The Princess Sophia, on the centre point a )Mt^x\. gules ;
on each of the others a rose of England (fig. 10). The Princess Amelia, on the centre point a rose of
England ; on each of the others a heart ^/^j. Prince WiLLlAM HENRY, Duke of GLOUCESTER (third
son of Frederick, Prince of Wales), had a label of
five points argent^ on the centre 2, fleur-de-lis azure ;
on each of the others the cross of St. George.
This label was also borne by his son William
Frederick, Duke of Gloucester (husband of
the Princess Mary, above), who during his father's
lifetime placed beneath it a second and smaller label
of three points argent. The present Princes and Princesses of the Royal Family use for the most part the labels above given,thus: — The Prince of Wales, the silver label (fig. i). Alfred, reigning Duke of Saxe-Coburg, Duke of
Edinburgh, as the Duke of Clarence (fig 3). Arthur, Duke of Connaught, as. the Duke of Kent
(fig. 5). Leopold, Duke of Albany, and his son, on the central
point a cross of St. George ; on each of the others
a heart gules (fig. 7).
( 23 )
The Princess Royal (Empress of Germany) (fig. 2).
The late Princess ALICE (Grand-duchess of Hesse) (fig. 4).
The Princess HELENA (of SCHLESWIG-HOLSTEIN)
(fig. 6). The Princess I-OUISE (Marchioness of LORNE) (fig. 8). The Princess BEATRICE (Princess HENRY OF Batten-
BERG) (fig. lO).
The Duke of Cambridge bears his father's label (fig. 9). During his father's lifetime, he also bore a smaller label of three points gules beneath the paternal one.
The children of the Prince of Wales seem to have had warrants for labels of five points. The Duke of York used such a one (charged with an anchor) until the decease of his brother the Duke of CLARENCE, whose label was of three points. The label of the Duchess of Fife is of five points.
On the marriage of Her Majesty the QUEEN to His late Royal Highness the Prince Consort there was made to him a grant of the Royal Arms of the United Kingdom with the difference of a label argent, on t/ie central point a cross of St. George ; to be borne in the first and fourth quarters, with the arms of SAXONY in the second and third. Her Majesty the QuEEN has told us in her Life of the Prince Consort that she herself discovered the precedent for this arrangement (of which the then Garter was ignorant or unmindful) in the grant of the Royal Arms made to Prince Leopold of Saxe-Coburg on the occasion of his marriage with the Princess Charlotte, daughter of George IV. The label granted to Prince Leopold was argent of five points, the centre one charged with a rose of ENGLAND.
In Germany, Spener tells us that the use of the label though occasional, was not frequent; "Sicuti in Gallia
( *4 )
vix alius discerniculorum modus frequentior est, ita rariora exempla reperimus in Germania," and he gives a few examples, though he is unable to assign the reason for its assunlption as a hereditary bearing. {Opus Heraldicum^ p. gen., p. 350.) Both houses of the Counts Leiningen, Dagsburg, and Leiningen- Westerberg, charged the arms of LEININGEN (which appear in the first and fourth quarters of the shields of both lines as Azure, three eagles displayed argent), with a label gules in chief. (Spener's suggestion as to the possible origin of this label is in Parte Spec, p. 740, of his work).
In the arms of the Counts of Manderscheid (who bore: Or, a fess dancetty gules ; derived from their initial M), the second quarter contains the arms of the County of Blanckenheim (borne since 1443 ; but? 1480): Or, a lion rampant sable, over all a label of four points gules, (On this see Spencer, Op, Her,, p. spec, p. 243.)
In France the label was the chief recognised mode of difference. The Dukes of Anjou used a \^A gules. The label of Artois has been already mentioned (p. 17). As the arms of the Dauphin were sufficiently differenced by the addition of the quarter of Dauphiny, the silver label became the difference of the House of Orl£ans, and continued so to be until the death of the Comte de Chambord (Henri V.) when the House of Orleans succeeded to the rights of the main line of France. But in France other modes of difference, hereafter to be noticed (p. 27), were adopted for the younger lines of the Royal House, and the only label which needs notice here is the sub-brisure of the Dukes of ANGOULfeME, who charged each point of the Orleans label with a crescent gules, (The later legitimated Duke of Angoul^me used a different brisure. See Chapter IV.) In the Armorial de Berry the " Comte de Richemonte" bears : Ennine (for
( 25 )
Brittany), with a label of England, {Gules, on each point three lions passant-gardant or\ but *Me Comte d'Estempes" has the label of azure charged on each point with a fleur-de-lis or. The label borne in the arms of John of Braganza, Constable of PORTUGAL {Chevalier de la Toison d'Or, No. 244) is of two points only. (Maurice, p. 276. As to the use of this label by the line of Braganza, see the Nobiliarchia Portugueza^ cap. xxv., p. 217.) The labels borne by the Princes of the Royal House were of three points, apparently of Or.
In the Netherlands a label gules, variously charged, has been used of late years to difference the arms of the Princes of the Royal House of Nassau-Orange. The label of Prince Hendrik (d. 1879) is charged with a golden mullet on the centre point. Those of Prince Friedrich (d. 1891) ; and of Prince Alexander, have on the centre point a small golden arrow paleways, point in chief (derived from the arrows borne by the lion of the NETHERLANDS). These labels are borne upon the simple coat of the Kingdom of Holland without quarterings (as given below in Chap. X.). The examples from which I have described the above are those in the Riddarsholm Kyrka at Stockholm, where they are blazoned among the achievements of the deceased Knights of the Royal Swedish Order of the Seraphim. (The label was very generally of gules in the old Netherland coats.)
It should be noticed that there is no ancient precedent for the modern ugly couped label with dovetail points. The top bar should traverse the whole field.
HI. Differencing by a Bordure was in former times practised largely in all the western countries. In Scotland it has always been a prevalent mode of indicating cadency, and is, down to the present day, the most usual difference for a younger brother or direct
( 26 )
cadet. (But see p. 30.) It is borne both plain and with considerable variety of engrailing, indenting, etc. It is also frequently charged, especially in the cases where the arms to be differenced are those of sub- cadets.
The bordure has great advantages over other modes of differencing since it leaves the original arms intact, and when methodically employed points out, as no other difference can do, the exact position held in the family by the cadet who bears it. Moreover it admits of being varied for sub-cadets, and of being charged with sub- brisures taken from a maternal coat when there is no right to quarter the entire arms. The Ro// of Caerlave- rock shows that this mode of differencing was in operation in England in the reign of Edward I. (13CX)), and one example therefrom in the case of John, Earl of Richmond, will be found on p. 33. Hugh de Vere, a cadet of the family of the Earl of Oxford, also differences the coat given in Vol. I., Plate X., fig. 2, with a bordure indented sable. In St. George's Ro// (No. 174) Hamund le Strange bears: Gules, two lions passant argent \ but, later, ROGER differences with a bordure engrailed or.
A number of the Plantagenet princes differenced with the bordure. JOHN of Eltham, Earl of CORN- WALL, second son of EDWARD II., bore the arms of England, within a bordure e?/* FRANCE derived from his mother Isabel. Thomas, of Woodstock, the youngest son of EdW/\kd III., differenced his father's arms with a bordure argent, though his elder brothers all used various labels. When a quartered escucheon has to be differenced the bordure added surrounds the entire quartered coat as if it were a simple one. The Beau FORTS, descendants of JOHN of Gaunt by KATHARINE SwvNFORD, were legitimated in 1397, and from that time bore the quartered arms of France and ENGLAND
( n )
within a bordure company of the Lancastrian colours : Argent and azure (Vol. I., Plate XX.), or of azure and ennine. From this circumstance the bordure-gobony (though borne before this time by legitimate cadets, and not used by the Beauforts until after their legitimation) carried with it ever afterwards in England a soupqon of illegitimacy, which was con- firmed by its later use {see p. 30; and Chapter III.). Abroad and in Scotland the bordure com- pony was always a difference of legitimate cadets
{e.g.. Burgundy-modern, next page). Thomas Holland, K.G., Earl of Kent, son of Sir Thomas Holland by Joan Plantagenet, the Fair Maid of Kent (who afterwards married the Black Prince), was permitted by his half-brother RICHARD II. to bear the arms of England within a bordure argent ; the other brother, JOHN, Duke of EXETER, bore : ENGLAND, within a bordure of FRANCE. The bordure of EDMUND Tudor was of Azure, charged alternately with fleurs- de-lys and martlets or (the former derived from the Hollands, the latter from the Beauchamps of Bletsho), that of Jasper had martlets only. Many English families differenced with the bordure. One of the points decided in the SCROPE and GroSVENOR case (1390) was that a bordure is not a sufficient difference between strangers in blood, but only between the chief and a cadet of the same family. In modern English practice the bordure as a difference for cadets only continues to be used by those whose ancestors bore it in ancient times.
In the Royal House of France, the bordure was early a prominent mark of cadency. John, Duke of Normandy, and Count of Anjou, eldest son of Philip VI. in 1350, bore on his great seal : France-ANCIENT, a bordure gules (VRfiE, Gen. Com. Fland,, plate xliv.). The Dukes of Anjou bore : France, within a bordure gules ;
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the Dukes of Berri, France, with a bordure engrailed gules (in the seventeenth century it was indented^ and later still embattled) ; the Dukes of Alen(;:on, France, with a bordure gules charged with eight plates ; the Dukes of Burgundy of the younger line, FRANCE, within a bordure-gobony argent and gules (Vol. II., Plates XII. and XVI., fig. 6). The Counts d'ALBRET bore : Quarterly, i and 4. France-ANCIENT ; 2 and 3. Gules plain ; but the "Sires D'Orval," cadets of this family, differenced by adding a bordure indented argent to the second and third quarters only.
The following examples taken from the seals in Vr£e, {Gin^alogie des Comtes de Flandres\ show us that the bordure engrailed was frequently, used as a difference. Mathieu de Lorraine thus differences in 1323. YOLANTE, Comtesse de Nevers, bears BuRGUNDY- ANCIENT with a bordure engrailed^ circa 1290 ; BALDWIN, younger son of the Count of FLANDERS, c, 1290, Flanders a bordure (or rather a filet) engrailed ; Robert, younger son of Robert de Bethune, Count of Flanders, c 1306, the same, etc. The same bordure was used by the Lannoys {vide infra, p. 60. Antoine DE Vergy {Chevalier de la Toison d'Or, No. 5) differences his arms : Gules, three cinquefoils or, with a plain bordure argent, Jean DE LA Clite, Seigneur de COMMINES {Chevalier de la Toison d'Or, No. 8), adds a bordure or to the family coat : Gules, a clievron or, between three escallops argent, (This was the coat borne by PHILIPPE DE COMMlNES,the chronicler ; therefore correct Stodart, Scottish Anns, vol. ii., p. 29.)
In Germany of old the use of the bordure as a difference does not appear to have been very frequent. Spener in hxsOpus Heraldicum,g\\QS only one example, p. gen.,p.3S i. The families of Flehingen and SiCKlNGEN both bore : Sable, five plates in saltire ; and the latter differenced by a bordure gules (SlEBMACHER, Wappenbuch, i., 118
( i9 )
122). The bordure nebuly argent and azure in the arms of the Princes of FURSTENBERG, probably indicating descent from the house of Blumeneck, is another example. In the Wappenrolle von Zurich^ plate ii., 36, shows us the NURENBURG coat : Quarterly argent and sable^ a bordure gules. SWANDEG (iii., 65), bears : Argent^ an ibex sable, a bordure or ; LOUBGASSEN (v., 97), Or, six linden leaves vert, a bordure gules ; BONSTETEN (xvii., 391), Sable, three lozenges conjoined in fess, a bordure argent ; and about a half dozen other examples are recorded in it.
In the armory of the Peninsula, although marks of cadency, in our restricted sense of the word, are almost unknown, the bordure, especially as indicating descent from a maternal ancestor, is very largely employed. The most familiar instance is afforded by the Royal Arms of PORTUGAL, in which the arms of PORTUGAL are surrounded by a bordure of CASTILE (Vol. I., Plate XX., fig. 7). The arms of the family of Cueva, Dukes of Albuquerque, are Tierced in mantel: i and 2, Or, a pale gules ; 3, Vert, a dragon or The whole within a bordure gules, charged alternately with seven aspas (/>. saltires couped) or, and as many escucheons of Mendoza {y, ante. Vol. I., p. 411 ; and Plate XXXVII., fig. 12). These last relate to the marriage of Mencia Men- doza, daughter of the Duke of INFANTADGO, with
Beltran, first Duke of Albuquerque (Chifflet,
Arm. Gent, Equit. Aurei Velleris, No. 170 ; and Maurice, p. 196). The arms of the Girons, Dukes of OSSUNA (Vol. II., Plate VII., fig. 2) have been blazoned in Vol. I., p. 177. In them it is doubtful whether the arms of CASTILE and Leon in chief are simply Coats of Augmentation, or whether they have been assumed to commemorate an alliance with the Royal House ; but Spener {Op, Her, p. spec, p. 130) is decidedly of opinion that the Portuguese escucheons commemorate
( 30 )
such an alliance. It will be obvious that these are rather instances of MARSHALLING than of Cadency proper, and accordingly the reader is referred to the following chapter . for other instances of this use. But, besides these bor- dures charged with entire escucheons, Spanish bordures are frequently found bearing charges derived from those in the coats of maternal progenitors.
In Scotland the bordure was used early, and continues to be the most frequent mark of difference. It is borne both plain, and with considerable variety of engrailing, indenting, etc., and is frequently charged especially in cases where the arms are those of a sub-cadet. Dr Burnett has told us that the bordures to be found in the earliest Scottish seals are to so large an extent engrailed as to make it appear that the later rule to give the plain bordure to immediate cadets was not fully recognised. On the seal of Sir Alexander Fraser appended to the letter of the barons to the Pope (1320) the bordure seems to be engrailed. PATRICK HEPBURN, in his seal appended to the Act regarding the succession to the crown, in 1371, has his arms within a bordure-engrailed. The bordure-engrailed was also borne by DOUGLAS of Drumlanrig, who was of illegitimate descent ; and by the Stewarts, Earls of Lennox (Vol. II., Plate IX., fig. i). Walter Stewart, son by the second marriage of Robert II. bore in 1389 the arms of Scotland within a bordure chequy argent and azure. Hay of Tillibothil bore his arms in 1370 (according to Sir James Balfour) within a bordure chequy.
Bordures-compony were in early times borne by legiti- mate cadets, as by WALLACE of Ellerslie : GuleSy a lion rampant argent within a bordure-compony of the last^ and asure. The doubtful legitimacy of the Avondale and Ochiltree STEWARTS (who bore the bordure-compony in Scotland), along with its use by the Beauforts in England, tended latterly to bring that difference into dis-
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repute for the cadency of lawful sons ; yet some of the bearers of that bordure during the first twenty years of the Lyon Register were unquestionably legitimate, while others, as ScOTT of Gorrenberry and PATRICK SiNXLAiR of Ulbster, were illegitimate, or at best only legitimated. The light in which the bordure-compony had come to be regarded is shown by a Royal Warrant granted in 1679 to John Lundin of that Ilk, allowing him to drop the coat which his family had hitherto carried, and, as descended of a natural son of WiLLlAM THE Lion, to bear the arms of SCOTLAND within a bordure- compony argent and azure. The bordure counter-compony is assigned to fifteen persons, none of them, it is believed, of illegitimate descent, and some expressly said to be ** lineallie and lawfulie descended " from the ancestor whose arms they bore thus differenced. The idea of this bordure having been at any time a mark of bastardy is a very modern error, arising from a confusion with the bordure-compony.
Bordures charged appear at a comparatively early date. The seal of Sir Andrew Murray, Wallace's com- panion-in-arms, has a bordure charged with eleven roses, or cinquefoils ; and another Sir Andrew Murray, who signs the contract regarding the ransom of David II., has a bordure charged with what seem to be roundles. On the seal of HUGH Fraser in 1377 are three fraises within a bordure charged with nine stars. The bordure charged with eight roses of the Earls of DUNBAR and March, which occurs as early as 1291, is of course not a difference of filiation {see Vol. I., Plate XX., fig. 3) ; but in 1452 Sir David Dunbar of Cockburn, a younger son, differenced his paternal coat by substituting mullets for the roses.
In the Lyon Register differencing by a bordure is carried out somewhat more systematically than in earlier heraldry. As a general rule a plain bordure, of the tincture of the first charge, indicates that the bearer of it is
( 32 )
the first cadet of his house : where a bordure of a different colour occurs, it is equally the rule that the cadet is not so ; and the cadets of the original bearer of the bordure are to a great extent differenced by engrailing, invecking, etc., the bordure, as described in the case of other Ordin- aries. The arms of sub-cadets are also differenced by charging the bordure with figures, generally from some maternal coat ; a sort of cadency especially in use in the case of bordures which had been already differenced by being engrailed or invecked. Again, the bordure may be quartered, or parted per pale, or per fess ; expedients resorted to where there are many prior cadets of former generations. Hamilton of Presmennan bears the Hamilton coat within a bordure quarterly of vair^ and of counter-compony argent and gules ; and HAMILTON of Neilsland has a bordure quarterly argent and azure^ the first and fourth engrailed^ tlie second and third invecked.
The late Mr Stodart, Lyon-Clerk Depute, who was an able herald, particularly in matters relating to Scotland, elaborated a system of differencing by the bordure which, if adopted at an early date, would have done much to simplify Scottish cadency. Its weak point was obviously this : that it could only be applied to new matriculations of arms by cadets ; and so, might occasion doubt and misunderstanding in future times with regard to many important Scottish coats now existing, which are differenced with bordures which have no reference to this system. It has, nevertheless, been employed to a considerable extent for modern matriculations.
IV. The addition of a CANTON was a not unfrequent English and Low-Country mode of differencing. The earliest instance which has come under my notice is found in the seal of PlERRE, called Mauclerc, son of Count Robert of Dreux {c. 12 15); and husband of Alice, Duchess of Brittany, who added to his paternal coat {Cttequy or and azure^ a bordure gules\ a canton ermine^
CADBNOY, Bra.
f^H
LB.de BwHtk 2. ^mon da BuMtt. 3. John de B
4. ZooAt. B. ZiToohe. fl. Wm. de Wuno
V P S^
^ ^^ \f
7. Wm. da I«iUMl«r. 8. GOm dc Brawjm. 0. Huxb de BallioL
10. da Tklanoe. 11. da Tklanoe. 12. de T
( 33 )
for Brittany {Cat, of Seals in Brit, Mus,, No. 5885.; At the siege of Caerlaverock,in 1 300, Jean de Bretagne, Earl of Richmond, has this banner, but the bordure has become a bordure of ENGLAND, /.^., it is charged with eight lions passant-gardant or, in memory of his mother, Beatrice, daughter of Henry III. (The ermine canton covers part of the bordure.) Beatrice was the wife of Jean de Dreux, Duke of Brittany, grandson of Pierre, whose arms are described above. It was probably from the use of the ermine canton of Brittany by the Earls of Richmond, that it came to be employed, as the early Rolls of Arms show us that it was, as a frequent mode of differencing in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries. In a Roll of Anns of the time of Henry III. Ralph Bassett bears: Or, three piles gules y a canton ermine; this also appears in the Calais Roll for Simon Bassett; and in the Garter Plate of Ralph, Lord Bassett, K.G. In the Roll of the Thirteenth Century Rauff Bassett bears : " PaUe d'or et de gules in un cantele d* argent un crois patee sable ; " and in the Roll of RiCHARD II. the canton is charged with a griffon segreant sable. These are referred to by Wyrley, True Use of Armes, as proofs "that diuers did adde unto the marke of their owne house, some part of the deuise of that familie from which their mothers descended," or " some parte of the deuise of him who aduanced them . . . which served veri aptlie to distinguish them from their elder house."
The arms of ZOUCHE {Gules bezanty) ; Wrottesley, K.G. {Or, three piles sable) ; Despencer {Barry of six or and azure) ; Tateshall {Chequy argent and gules) ; and many others, are all found in our early armorial Rolls with the addition of a canton, or quarter, ermine.
In the Calais Roll the arms of William de Warren : Chequy or and azure, are differenced by the addition of a canton said to be that of FiTZALAN (but really that of
VOL. II. D
( 34 )
Nerford, vide infra. Chapter on Illegitimacv), Gules, a lion rampant argent. The use of cantons as augmenta- tions will be spoken of later, but such augmentations were also effective differences. The use by which an heiress transmits to her children her own coat differenced by a canton charged with the arms of her husband, in the case of that husband having already heirs by a previous marriage, is a modern one ; but as far back as 1 590 the Harford arms {Sable, two bends argent) were charged with a canton of SCROPE : Azure, a bcfid or, and are so borne at the present day.
A considerable number of coats in Belgium and the Low Countries are at the present day differenced by the addition of a canton, or quarter, charged with another coat ; this is indicative in most cases of maternal descent {y,i,, pp. 62, 63). An early example is found in the Armorial de Gueldre in the arms of the SiRE DK Leefdael, Or, three cifiquefoils gules, a quarter of the hut thereon an eagle displayed argent, (I must again remind the student that the full coat is first blazoned as it would appear if there were no canton, or quarter. In the present case although the first cinquefoil is absconded, or hidden by the canton, the coat is nevertheless blazoned as being charged with three cinquefoils.) The coat of Van Wesel in Holland is: Vert, three cinquefoils argent ; a quarter or, thereon three pallets azure ivithin a bordure gules. The family of Van Oordt in Holland, bear : Or, three millrinds sable; but the branch of BUNSCIIOTEN add to this coat a canton (or quarter) sinister, charged with the arms of that seigneurie: — Azure, an eagle displayed or, and a cross couped argent, both dimidiated and conjoined per pale, Seraing of Liege, uses \ Gules, fleury or, a quarter of the arms of BOSSUT : Or, a tressure flory-counter-flory vert, over all a saltire gules,
V. Akin to this usage is the employment of a Small ESCUCHEON in the chief, of which we have an instance
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in the arms of Hugh de Baliol, in the Roll of Henry IH.; Gules^ an orle argent^ in tlu dexter chief a small escucluon (of Galloway), Azure, a lion rampant argent^ crowned or.
In the Armorial de Gueldre the arms of Le Sire de ViLAiN, who bore : Sable, a chief argent, have the chief charged with a small escucheon of Van Grimberghe : Or, a fess azure, aver all a saltire gules, the composed arms of Perweys and Aa. The DE Balys of Bruges, who use : Argent, a lion rampant gules, place on the shoulder of the lion a small escucheon of Or, three crescents gules. The Van Oudenhagen of Brabant carry : Or, on a bend sable three mallets argent, and in dexter chief a small escucluon of tlu arms of Clutinck ; Azure, three fleurs- de-lis argent, au pied coupi. The family of B£thune de Planques bore : Argent, a fess gules, with in dexter chief for difference, a small escucheon of Saveuse : — Gules, a bend between six billets or. The family of Le Jeune DE Cr£QUY differenced by inversion of tincture: Gules, a crequier argent, and added on its first leaf a small escucheon, Argent, tivo bars sable. Cardinal DE LA Grange-d'Arquien, who died in 1707, bore: Azure, three stags trippant or, with an escucheon en surtout of Arquien, viz., Sable, three leopard's heads or, as the brisure of his branch.
VI. Differencing by an Escucheon en sur- tout— The Escucheon en surtout is sometimes used in Germany as a difference. In the family of the Princes of AUERSPERG the eldest line thus bears the arms of GOTTSCHEE {^Argent, a lion rampant gules, crowned or) \ the VOLKARD line similarly use : — Argent, a rose gules, seeded or ; and the line of Peillenstein : — Azure, a crown or. It may be interesting if I here append a few of the differenced coats of an English family : the great house of MORTIMER. The main coat has already been given (Vol. I., Plate XIX, fig. 6), and the
( 36 )
seal of Edmund Mortlmer on Plate II., Vol. II., fig. 2, Barry or and azure^ etc. (sometimes, as in the Second Roll oi Henry III, and the First Roll oi EDWARD I., Azure, three bars or, etc.). Raf DE MORTIMER changes the tincture -^-3:«r^ to Sable (i, Edward II.). Henry DE Mortimer (i, Edward II.) makes the escucheon Argent, billetty sable, possibly ennine, which at any rate, was one of the Mortimer differences, being borne by Roger Mortimer (2, Henry III.). William de
Mortimer bears ''Mortimer's Anns'' with a bendlet gules ; and GEOFFREY, with a saltire gules, en surtout (2, Henry HI.). In the same Roll ]ok^ changes the azure bars to gules, I close the list with a curious French example : MORTEMER in Poictou bore : Fasc^ contr^ fasce d'or et d'azur, en cccur un icusson d' argent a la bande de gueules (qui pourrait rappeler une alliance avec les Seigneurs d'Azay le Rideau, qui portaient d' argent d la bande de gueules), BoURASSt, La Touraine, folio. Tours, 1855.
The Choiseuls also differenced by the addition of an escucheon en surtout. Thus Etienne FraN(;:ois, Due de Choiseul, et Comte de Stainville, added to his arms {y, p. 51) the escucheon of Stainville : Or, a cross ancr^e gules, CLAUDE Antoine de Choiseul-Beaupr£ (Bishop-Count of Chalons, Pair de France), being son of Antoine, Comte de Choiseul, by Anne Fran<;:oise de Barillon de
Morangis, bore eyi surtout his mother's coat, viz. : Azure, a chevron between two escallops in chief or, and a rose in point argent.
The addition of an escucheon en surtout containing the maternal arms was carried to a considerable extent in the Low Countries, and several examples will be found among the Montmorency differences later in this chapter (pp. 61, 62).
VII. Differencing by the Addition of an
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Ordinary. — This mode of differencing occurs continu- ally in the early Rolls of Arms, At Caerlaverock Henry of Lancaster, brother and successor of THOMAS, Earl of Lancaster,
** Poriait les armes son frere, Au beau bastoun sans label,"
/>., he bore the Royal Arms, differenced by a bendlet
azure. The original Grey coat : Barry of six argent
and azure is differenced in the Roll of EDWARD I., by a
bend gules for John DE Grey ; at Caerlaverock this is
engrailed lozengy. In Planch£\s Roll, Richard makes
the plain bend hez:int^e^ upon Argent, three bars azure.
The Grandisons used : Paly of six argent and azure,
over which is first placed a bend gules, and the process of
differencing is carried on by charging this bend with
escallops, eagles, or buckles, or {see p. 53).
The Sec RAVE coat : Sable, a lion rampant argent, is differenced by the addition of a bendlet or ; or a bendlet gules ; and the last is again differenced by engrailing it. The Clifford coat {Chequy or and azure, a bend gules) is differenced at Caerlaverock by the substitution of a fess for the bend ; and later both bend and fess have sub-brisures of cinquefoils, or lions, argent.
The ZOUCHE coat: Gules, bezantet\ was not only differenced by change of tincture {v, ante, p. 10) but the original coat was differenced by the addition of an ordinary. Thus a chevron, fess, and canton, ermine were severally used by Alain, Roger, and John. (See St, George's Roll and Roll of Society of Antiquaries?) In the Roll of Arms of the Thirteeyith Century the well- known arms of Clare {Or, three chevrons gules) are differenced by JOHAN DE MONEMUTH (No. 127), with a fess argent over all. In St, George's Roll, JOAN DE Clinton bears : Paly of six or and azure, a canton ermine ; HUGH substitutes a fess for the canton.
Sir John Stewart, younger son of Alexander,
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fourth High Steward, and husband of the heiress of Bonkil ; in 1296, debruises his fess checquy with a bend Alexander Seton, in his seal appended to the letter by the Scots barons to the Pope in 1320, not only introduces a bend, but places the three crescents of his paternal coat on that bend. Edward Keith, in his seal attached to the same letter, surmounts his paternal coat — a chief paly of six — with a bend ; the same diflTerence was afterwards used by John, second son of Sir Edward Keith, Marischal. In 1358, William P.AMSAV, Earl of Fife by marriage, surmounts his arms : Argent^ an eagle displayed sable, with a bendlet engrailed ; and a bend charged with three crescents debruises the eagle in the seal of Ramsay of Dunoon. In 1368 John Hay, of Tillibothil, seals with his paternal coat sur- mounted by a bend indented. The GORDONS of Lochinvar, differenced the GORDON coat, Azure, three boar's heads or, with a bend of the last.
On the seal of the first Alexander Dunbar of Westfield, in 1488, a fess is placed between the three cushions, and, contrary to the general usage, surmounts the Royal Tressure. Sir John Foulis of Ravelston, c. 1672, has difess vert clmrgedwith a primrose or, between the three laurel leaves of his paternal coat ; a difference allusive to the circumstance that his wife was eldest daughter of Sir Archibald Primrose, who settled his estate of Dunipace on her sons. Other examples occur about the same time of a fess, sometimes charged, being used in this way, eg,, HAMILTON of Cairnes, who adds to the principal HAMILTON coat a fess argent charged with a man's heart gules. In his Comments on the Keir Performance (priv. print, i860), Mr RiDDELL gives, at PP- ^^Sy 156, several instances in which a coat of arms differenced by a bend engrailed, or some other mark of cadency, was granted to families who could prove no connection with the principal family. We find the fess
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checquy also used as a difference in later times, and with genealogical intent. The GORDONS of Lesmoir have, since 1672, if not earlier, borne : Azure^ a fess checquy of t/ie first ami argent between three boar's heads or, in consequence of the first Laird of Lesmoir having in the sixteenth century married a daughter of Stewart of Laithers.
The arms assigned at the same date to Sir JOHN Falconer of Balmakellie, Master of the Mint to Charles II., were those of his brother the first Lord Falconer {Or, between three mullets azure, a falcon's head proper issuing from a man's lieart gules and crowned), with the addition of a chief gules charged with three besants in allusion to his office.
But, with the exception of the bordure, no Ordinary has been so much in use in Scotland for differencing purposes as the chevron. William Murray, of Gask and Tullibardine, has a chevron between the three stars of his paternal coat in his homage seal of 1292 ; and this chevron continued to be borne by his descendants until they obtained the Royal Tressure in the reignof jAMES VI. The shields of John Graham in 1370, and Thomas MONYPENNV of Kinkell, in 141 5, have a chevron introduced into their paternal coat. The Hays of Fudie from an early period bore : Argent, a chevron sable, between the original three escucheons gules, FORHES of Monymusk places between his three bear's heads a c/tevron argent, cliarged with a heart proper (indicative of a maternal DOUGLAS descent). In like manner Oliphant of Bachilton inserts a chevron argent between his three crescents. In 1367, the seal of JOHN, younger son of Walter Fitzgilbert. called Hamilton, bears: a chevron betiveen three cinquefoils. From him descend the Hamiltons of innerwick, the eldest cadets of the House of Hamilton. (Stodart, Scottish Anns, ii., 417.) There are also cases where one Ordinary is
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substituted for another. The Leslies of Balquhain differenced the chief coat of their family, Argent, on a bend azure three buckles or, by turning the bend into a fess. A very early cadet of the Graham family, Graham of Morphie, adopted an unusually pronounced difference, substituting a chevron for the chief, and at the same time changing the tinctures. The principal Graham coat is : Or, on a chief sable three escallops of the field ; that of Morphie : Sable, a c/ievron between three escallops argent. Different branches of the Pringle family, retaining the escallops \Yhich are the principal charge, turn the bend on which they are placed into a chevron and a sal tire respectively.
MONTCHEVREUIL, in Picardy, bore: Gules, three cinque- foils or; a cadet differenced by adding a chief argent {Armorial de Berry, Nos. 425, 436). A bend {gules) was the brisure of FLANDERS borne by the Counts of Namur {vide plate xliv., fig. 2, from the Armorial de Gelre) ; and other instances of its use are found in Vr£e, G^ndalogie des Comtes de Flandre (plates Ixx., Ixxi., Ixxii., Ixxxvi.) It is borne plain by Florent of Hainault, and by PHILIP of Flanders (both circa 13GO). The bend is raguly in the case
of Gui DE Flandre {c, 1335). Guillaume de Flandre, Seigneur de Richebourg {c. 1290) bore the bend gobont^ argent and gules ; as did his son Jean {c, 1320). Henri de Flandre, Comte de Lodes, also used the bend ^^^^«/ (^. 1320). A little earlier Robert de N.AMUR makes his bend wavy.
The brisure of the Dues de BoURBON was a bend, or cotice, gules. The Dues de MONTPENSIER differenced this by charging the upper portion with the arms of Dauphin£ {Or, a dauphin azure). By the Princes de CondIl the bend let was diminished into a baton alesi in bend (the Princes de CONTI added also a bordure gules). The Comtes d'ExAMPES bore: France-ancient, a
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bend company gules and erviine ; and those of EVREUX had the bend compon^ argent and gules. The BoURBON Princes de la RoCHE SUR YoN used : FRANCE-MODERN, a cotice in bend gules tlureon a crescent argent in chief. The Princes of ACHAIA, of the House of Savoy, added a bend azure to the arms, GuleSy a cross argent,
VIII. — Changing the Boundary line of an
Ordinary, by engrailing^ inveckingy or indenting^ is a frequent expedient in Scotland, both in earlier and in later times. The Macfarlanes, who descend from the Lennox family, bear the coat of Lennox, Argent, a saltire cantoned with four roses gules {^.% in Vol. I., Plate XXXIII., fig. 3), but difference it by making the saltire wavy ; while the Napiers of Merchiston (believed to be Lennoxes by descent) ^;/^r^/7 the saltire. In 1370 the seal of Sir NiCHOLA.S Erskine of Kinnoull, second son of Sir Robert Erskine, shows the pale of his paternal coat engrailed. On the seal of Patrick Graham, Earl of Strath ERNy«r^ uxoris, in 1400, the chief is indented ; and it is either indented or engrailed on the seal of Robert Graham of Kinpunt in 1433, and of Robert Graham of Fintry in 1478. At a latter date the indentations in the Fintry coat were made deeper, and have been blazoned as piles, and erroneously supposed to have been adopted from the family of LOVEL of Ballumbie, whose heiress the first Sir Robert Graham of Fintry married. Doubtless the piles in the coat of Douglas of Lochleven {Argent, three piles gules, each of the exterior ones charged with a star of the field) had a like origin.
In the Lyon Register, so far as any general rule of practice can be discovered, the use was to have the Ordinary engrailed for a second son or his descendant, invecked for a third, wavy for a fourth, indented or nebuly for a fifth. But there was a tendency to embattle the Ordinary in the case of a military man,
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while Sir WILLIAM BRUCE of Balcaskie, known for his skill in navigation, has his chief luav}^.
As examples of the general rule, the chief engrailed is borne by Sir William Graham of Braco, Baronet, "descended of a second son of Montrose ;" the chevron engrailed by Walter Riddell, ancestor of the Glen- riddell family, and second son of RiDDELL of that Ilk, and by Abercrombv of Fetternear, the first of which line was second son of Abercromhv of Birkenbog. James Durham, second son of the family of Durham of Grange, engrails the fess of his family coat, and the bend is carried engrailed by the ELLIOTS of Stobs, " descended from a second son of Lauriston." The older Ruther- 1 ORDS of Fairnington engrailed their orle.
Of the alteration of the boundary line of an Ordinary as a mode of difference we have many examples in foreign coats. The French famih'es DE LA FOREST (Marquises d'ARMAlLLl^:, and Barons de CRAON)bear: Argent, a chief sable; while the line of Forrest-Landrv in Flanders engrails the chief. (The FORESTEL of Gambray bear : Argent , a chief gnles.) The senior branch of the French house of La Baume bore: (9r, a bend azure, but the younger line. Comtes de MONTREVEL, bore the bend dancetty ; while the Marquises de Pluvinel still further difference the MoNTREVEL coat by adding an ermine spot in the sinister Q^\e{ sable. The Counts of Chalons bore: Gules, a bend or ; the family of OlSELAV, which claimed descent from them, engrailed the bend.
Gerard de Picquignv sealed in 1234 and 1245 with Barry Qf six argent and azure, a bordure gules, but his brother Enguerraud substituted a bend for a bordure. (Demay, Sceaux de la Picardie, Nos. 43, 44, 45.)
The Barons d'ERNEVAL bore: Paly or and azure a chief gules; a cadet family took the name of Blosset, and charged the chief with a fess dancetty argent for difference.
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A cadet of the family of AlLLV, which bore Gules (often diapered), a chief cluquy argent and azure, took the name of Salins, and differenced the arms of AlLLV by the addition o( a/ess or.
In Planch^'s Roll, Henry Apkltrefend
(No. 290) bears : Ermine, a bend gules ; his son of the same name (No. 291), makes the bend vairy, gules and or; while WILLIAM Apeltrefend (No. 292) presum- ably a kinsman, bears : Or, a/ess lozengy gules and vair,
IX. The Addition of Small Charges to the Field. — Strewing the field with small charges, called in the Boke of St, Albans "gerating ; " or substituting for a plain field what would now be called a field sevi^, — was a very ancient mode of differencing. Dame Juliana Berners enumerates nine figures as used for that purpose, — the crosslet, the crosslet-flory, the fleur-de-lis, the primrose, cinquefoil, escallop, chaplet, mullet, and crescent. The shield of WiLLlAM DE ROMARE, Earl of Lincoln, who died in 1 198. is adduced by Mr Planch E as an early example of differing by crosses-crosslet ; the principal charges are seven mascles conjoined, three,three, one; the tinctures are unknown. We find in the Rolls of Arms of the thirteenth, and early part of the fourteenth, century many instances of coats crusily, billetty, bezanty, and "pleyn d'escallops," fleurett^, and "a les trefoilles d'or." With these last Sir Edmond Dacre of West- moreland powdered the coat borne by the head of his family : Gules, three escallops or {Roll of Edward II.).
We find in the ^£?//of Henry III. that John Balliol, and in the Roll of the Thirteenth Century that Eustace DE Balliol both bore : " Gulez, A un faux escocheon (that is an orle) d argent',' which is also attributed to ALEX- ANDER DE Balliol in St. George's Roll; and the first Roll of Edward III. This is differenced by the inversion of the tinctures for another Alexander de Balliol. A William de Balliol bears : Or, an orle vair (or
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azure) with a label gules, Enguerrand DE Bailleul (Admiral of France, 1285), called INGRAM DE Balliol in the English Rolls, uses: Gules^ an orle ermine, with {or witltout), a label azure. Another differenced coat : Azure, crusily an orle or, is attributed to EUSTACE DE Balliol in the Roll o( HENRY III. Sir ROGER DE St. John differenced the original coat: Argent, on a chief gules, two mullets or, by changing the field to ermine ; but Sir Eymis DE St. John again differenced by changing the ermine spots to crosslets sable. Most of the coats which we find seme of small charges are coats differenced by gerating. The coat borne by the AcTONS of Aldenham, Gules, crusily or, tivo lions passant argent, is evidently a gerated coat of Lestrange ; for Edward de Acton married the co-heiress of Lestrange (living 1387) who bore simph' : Gules, two lions passant argent. In St. George's Roll, ROBERT LE Strange bears : Gules, crusily, tiuo lions passant argent.
The English Beaumonts bore: Azure, flory, and a lion rampant or, while those who remained in France, at Brienne in Champagne, had the field semd of billets. The original coat of the house of BERKELEY in England (Barclay in Scotland) appears to have been: Gules, a chevron or for argent^ The seals of ROBERT De
Berkeley, who died 4, Henry III.; of Thomas DE Berkeley, 20, Henry III. ; and Maurice de Berkeley, who died 1281 ; all show the shield charged with a chevron only. MORLS DE Barkele, in the Roll, temp. Henry III., bears '' goules, a cheveron argent!' (In two of the windows at Bristol, the chevron is tinctured
or.) But Thomas, son of Maurice, who died 15, Edward II., has the present coat: Gules, a chevron between ten crosses pat/e argent, while in the Roll of Edward II., '' de Goules od les rosettes de argent et un chevron de argent'' is attributed to Sir THOMAS DE Berkeley. In Leicestershire the Berkeleys gerated
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with cinquefoils, an ancient and favourite bearing in that county. {See Vol. I., p. 390.) In Scotland, the BARCLAYS differenced by change of tincture, and bore : Azure^ a clievron argent between (or in chief) three crosses pat/e oftlie same. It is somewhat curious that this differencing charge of the ctoss-pat^e should have become in Scotland the main, or sole charge of Barclay coats. The arms of Barclay of Balvaird, now quartered in the 2nd and 3rd by the Earls of MANSFIELD, are : Gules, three crosses patties or; the MURRAY coat in ist and 4th, is: Azure^ three stars within the Royal Tressui-e or. In the Roily
temp. Henry III. (Glover's Roll, No. 108), Geoffrey
DE Lucy bears " de Goules d trois lucies d'orr In the fir3t Roll of Edward I., this is first differenced by the field being made crusily or, for Geoffrey DE Lucy ; and then by a change of the tincture of the field, Amauri de Lucy bearing; Azure, crusily three lucies or. The fess between six crosslets of the Earls of Warwick originated in the old coat of Beauchamp, Gules, a fess or, gerated with crosslets which were afterwards reduced to six, and for which martlets were substituted by the Beauchamps of Powick. The arms of the Howards, now Dukes of NORFOLK, are in all probability only a differenced coat of BEAUCHAMP, whose dependants they originally were. La Roque says : " La maison de Houvard ou Havart . . . . de France, a le champ de son escu et la bande comma (celle d'Angleterre) accompagnee de six coquilles d'argent." {Trait/ de VOrigine des Noms, p. 203.)
The Counts of Salm in the Ardennes bear : Argent, two salmon addorsed gules ; but this coat is borne crusily by the Counts of UPPER Salm in Lothringen, for difference, and not, as used to be asserted, in memory of a crusading ancestor. The Counts Dernbach zu Dern- BACH used : Or, three hearts in pairle sable; but another family of Barons of the same name, dit Graul, differenced
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by a change of tincture and the addition of smaller charges : Asure^ billetty argent^ three hearts in pairle or.
It is curious to find, on the other hand, a new difference made by the omission of the differencing small charges. The original arms of the Counts of Gueldres appear to have been three cinquefoils ; but Gerard IV. (1229) married RiCHARDE DE NASSAU, and assumed her arms : Azurey billetty and a lion rampant or. Count Renaud, afterwards first Duke of GuELDRES, omitted the billets.
These examples might be increased almost indefinitely. Nearly akin to this mode of gerating was that by which small charges were placed in orle. One of the numerous ways in which the coat of the LusiGNAN, or DE Valence, families was differenced, was by the addition of an orle of martlets gules to the original coat : Barruly argent and azure ; as shown in chaviplevi enamel on the monument of William de Valence, Earl of Pem- broke (d. 1296), in Westminster Abbey; videVoX, II., Plate III., fig. II. This coat is also attributed to the Earl's son in the Caerlaverock Roll of 1300. Similar to this was the coat of CllAWORTH : Barruly argent and gules, which was differenced by an orle of martlets sable. In the Roll of Edward II. Sir Patrick Chaworth bears this coat, but the bars are or and azure. On the original coat the sable martlets were eventually reduced to three, and so became principal charges. In England, in the Low Countries, and in northern France there are abundant instances in which the difference was effected by the addition of a single charge. One of the earliest examples, perhaps, is afforded by the coat of DE Vere, borne, ante 1221, by ROBERT DE Vere, Earl of OXFORD, who was a younger brother of AUBREV, the second Earl. Quarterly gules and or, in the first a star of five points argent {vide ante, Vol. I., Plate X., fig. 2). The star is made ermine in the Roll of Richard II. for Aubrey de Vere. Boutell gives, p. 203, an interesting series of the arms
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of Neville of Raby : GuleSy a saltire argent^ differenced thus by a crescent sable ; a martlet gules ; a mullet sable ; a fleur-de-lis ; a rose gules ; a pellet, or annulet sable; and two interlaced annulets azure^ all borne on the centre point of the saltire. The Beauchamp shield {GuleSy a fess hetwcen six martlets or) is similarly differenced by the additions of a pierced mullet, or a crescent, both of sable, Planciik, 340, i. {Herald and Genealogist^ vol. iv., p. 19). In the 2nd Calais Roll Sir John DE Verdon bears : Sable, a lion rampant argent. Sir Christopher adds a chess-rook gules on the lion's shoulder.
In Maurice, Les Chevaliers de la liaison d*Or^ we find many like instances ; eg. p. 90, the coat of WOL- FORT DE BORSELE {Sable, a fess argent) is differenced by the addition of a star of six points argent in the dexter chief. In the ^ rmorialde Gueldre FraN(,'0IS DE BORSELE bears three mullets in chief. The Counts of ChAlons bore: Gules, a bend or; a pierced mullet sable upon the bend in dexter chief, is the difference for HuGUES DE ChAlons in V Armorial de Gueldre, In the arms of Louis de ChAlons (Knight of the Order, No. Ixiv.), the bend is similarly charged with a crescent asure. The coat of PlllLlPPE DE CRfeVECCEUR (Knight of the Order, No. Ixix.), Gules, three chevrons or, has a crescent asure on the uppermost chevron. Charles DE LAN NOV (Knight of the Order, No. cxxxvi.) lays aside the ancestral difference of a bordure engrailed gules (to which allusion is made on p. 28), and places a crescent gules in the centre of his coat : Argent, three lions rampant vert, crowned or. In the Cathedral at Toulouse I noticed the Bandinelli coat. Or plain, differenced by the addition of a torteau in chief, PlERRE de la Tr£M0UILLE, Seigneur de DOURS, differenced the main coat of his line. Or, a chevron gules between three eagles displayed azure, by the addition of a fleur-de-lis
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argent on the point of the chevron. Many of the Lalains (of which family there were a dozen Clievaliers de la Toison d*Or\ who bore: Gules ^ ten lozenges conjoined 3» 3> 3i i» argent, charged the first lozenge with a lion rampant gules, from the coat of Barben<;;on. The first Knight Simon, having been the son of Otto de
LALAIN by YOLANTE DE BaRBEN^ON. JaCQUES DE
Brimeu {Chevalier, No. xviii.) bore: Argent, three eagles displayed gules, and in the centre point a demi-lion rampant of t/ie last. The seal of PHILIP, fifth son of Count Guv of Flanders in 1298, bears the lion of Flanders debruised by a bendlet, thereon two escallops, one in chief, the other in base. " Le Sire DE Melun " bears the plain coat: Azure, seven bezants 3, 3, i, and a chief or, but HUGUES DE Melun places a martlet sable in dexter chief. (The bezants are also nine in number.)
The great family of ChAtillon (of the Counts de BloIS), who bore : Gules, three pallets vair a chief or, used among other differences, a martlet sable in dexter chief {Armorial de Berry, No. 811). In the Armorial de Gueldre, this coat is borne by " Le Si RE DE LA Fere" with the difference of a lion rampant gules, in the dexter chief. The most curious of these differences occurs in the arms of DE Dampierre, where the CmAtillon chief is charged with two lions passant affrontis sable. See Plate XIII., fig. 3, and also the seals of Jean de ChAtillon, Sire de Dampierre, and his wife Marie de Rollaincourt, in 1335. On her secretum this coat is dimidiated (so that only one lion is seen), so also is the shield of her own arms : Argent, three mallets gules. (Vr£e, Gen, Com. Fland., p. 95.) On the seal of MARIE, Countess of Blois, c. 1230, the chief is charged with eight pallets gules (Vr£e, Genialogie des Comtes de Flandre, plate v.). Spener {Opus Heraldicum, p. gen., p. 356) shows that many German coats remain
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which bear additional charges, evidently originally assumed as differences, the reason of which has faded out of remembrance. In SlEBMACHER*S Wappenbuch, plates cxxiv., cxxv., contain four such instances among Rhenish families. HUND VON Salheim places a star of six points sable in the middle of the coat : GuleSy three crescents argent ; DIE Knobel who bear: Argent^ an escucheon gules^ have in sinister chief an annulet sable ; DIE Groschlag, who bore : Azure, three bends cotinter- conipone argent and gules, have between the two upper bends an open crown or ; and the VON LiNDAU, whose coat is : Gules, a bend argent, add in chief a fleur-de-lis azure, (In the two last instances the bends are drawn as bends-sinister according to the German practice of reversing the position of the charges for the sake of symmetrical arrangement. The student should bear this in mind in consulting SlEBMACHER, and other engraved armorials of Germany.)
This mode of differencing by additional charges was often carried much further than by the insertion of a single one as in the preceding examples. In England the original coat of DE Grey was Barry of six argent and azure ; JOHAN DE Grey so bears it in the Roll of Edward I.; but in the Roll of Edward II., as borne by Grey, Duke of Suffolk, it is differenced by the addition of three torteaux in chief These were converted into annulets by the DE GREYS, Lords Walsingham. At Caerlaverock the two brothers Bassett difference the family coat : Ermine, a chief indented gules, by adding in the one case three mullets, in the other as many escallops, or.
One of the best known English examples is that of the coat of the COBHAMS : Gules, a chevron or, in which the Ordinary was charged by the cadets with three pierced estoiles, three lions, three cross-crosslets, three fleurs-de-lis, three crescents, and three martlets, all of
VOL. II. E
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sable. Sir MICHAEL DE POYNINGS, bore : Barry or and verty aver all a bend gules. Sir Thomas differenced by charging the bend with three mullets argent. The Despencer coat was : Quarterly^ argent, and gules a fret or, over all a bend sable. This coat Sir HUGH LE Despencer, in the reign of Edward II., differences by charging the bend with three mullets argent; for which, in 1476, Henry Spencer substitutes three escallops argent; and this coat is that now used by the Duke of Marlborough, and by Earl Spencer. In the Har- leian Roll {circa 1307) printed in The Genealogist, n.s., vol. iii., the original coat of Maule or MAULEY, or, a bend sable is differenced by the addition of three eight- foils argent. Sir ROBERT DE Maule substitutes three eagles displayed argent ; and Sir EDWARD, three dolphins embowed argent : and the latter places the bend between two lions rampant sable.
The cadency of the Daubenys, which is given pretty fully by Boutell, contains some interesting examples which he has not recorded. In the Roll of Edward II. they bear a fess engrailed or (a bearing which was really synonymous in early times with a fess of conjoined fusils, in which latter form the coat appears in 1300, in the Roll of Caerlaverock). Later it is blazoned with in chief two martlets argent; three martlets argent; three escallops or; four lozenges or. Again, the fusils (three in number) are depicted ermine for difference, with the subsidiary brisure of three mullet3 or in chief Again, the three fusils argent conjoined in fess, are each charged a mullet pierced sable, or with a fleur-de-lis sable, with in chief three martlets or. Again, the fess is of four fusils conjoined argent, with in chief three martlets argent, or three estoiles or. {See also Vol. II., p. 227.)
On the other side of the Channel we find from MORICE {Histoire de Bretagne, Ixv. and ccxliv.), Raoul d'Aubign£ bearing : Gules, four lozenges conjoined in
( SI )
fess argent; and, in I2CX), GuiLLAUME D AubignE bears the same between six plates.
The French family of DU Chatelet, who claimed descent from the House of LORRAINE, substituted ^^wrj- de-lis for the allerions of that house.
One of the coats of the MiNERBETTi family in the church of Sta. Maria Novella in Florence (they bore : Gules, three swords in pile argent, the hilts in chief or) is differenced by the addition of two small keys in saltire, placed in the dexter chief. Its date is 1499. On the Bardi monuments in the church and cloisters of Sta. Croce in the same city are several escucheons of the arms of that great family {Gules, a bend of five fusils argent, usually facetted). These are differenced by the addition of smaller charges : — e.g,, an oval gules, thereon three golden lions ; a castle of three tiers with a high central tower ; a cinquefoil ; and a small escucheon charged with three open crowns.
X. — Diminishing the Number of Charges of the
same kind is an expedient for differencing seldom if ever practised in Great Britain, but it is one of which there are examples in Foreign Heraldry. The Counts of BARCE- LONA bore: Gules, four pales or; the House of Foix which descended from them, diminished the pales, or pallets, to three. While the House of Choiseul, Dues de Choiseul, bore : Azure, a cross between twenty billets or, five in each canton ; the junior line of the Dues de Praslin diminished the number of the billets to eighteen, five in each of the cantons in chief, but only four in those in base. These are exceptions to the old French armorial rule which declares that the elder line is known by the simplicity of the coat : " Qui porte le inoins est le plu^r — (For other CHOISEUL differences see
p. 36.) XI. — Change of the Minor Charges. — Instances
of the change of minor charges to denote cadency have
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already been given incidentally in Section X. in the case of the Berkeleys, Beauchamps, Cobhams, Nevilles, and other eminent families. But differencing by the substitution of one charge for another is also a frequent Scottish usage. In 1476 the seal of Thomas Cumyn of Altyre has one garb only in place of the three of his family ; the two garbs in chief being replaced by two cushions, and a tressure superadded. The mother of
this Thomas Cumyn was a sister of Thomas Dunbar,
Earl of Moray. In 1513 WlLLL\M ScOTT, constable- depute of Montrose, replaces the third of the three lion's heads which formed his family coat, Argent^ three lion's heads erased gules^ by a red rose, the charge in the arms of the Burgh of Montrose, and so with obvious reference to his office. In 15 15 we find Patrick Hepburn, Earl of Bothwell, Great Admiral of Scotland (an infant of four years old, but who entered on possession of his estates and office at once, as did the heirs of all whose ancestors had fallen at Flodden), adding an anchor in base to the HEPBURN coat; and the same was borne by Patrick Hepburn, of Bolton, in 1545.
Dr Burnett says that in the early Lyon Register there are about 160 coats in which one or more addi- tional charges have been introduced to difference cadets from their chief. In a coat consisting of the same charge three times repeated, the difference is usually placed in the centre. Thus Grant of Ballindalloch, places a boar's head couped or ; and Grant of Carron, a dove argent holding in her beak an olive branch vert ; between the three golden antique crowns which, on a field guleSy are the arms of their chief. GORDON of Knokespock places a pheon or; GORDON of Glasterim a fraise argent ; GORDON of Earlston a bezant ; GORDON of Newark a billet or; and Gordon of Tetschie a sheaf of arrows or, between the three boar's heads or, on a field
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azure, of the original coat. JOHN GORDON of Kennertic, similarly used a crown, derived from the marriage of his grandfather with a Grant. See plate iii., fig. ii, The Records of Aboyne (New Spalding Club). The Sempill coat being : Argent, a clievron chequy gules and of tlu field between three hunting-ltoms sable gamis/ied of the second (Vol. I., Plate XIV., fig. 2), the Beltrees branch (whose founder, a younger son of Lord Sempill, married Mary Livingstone, one of the "Queen's Maries") added three gilliflowers ^/^j (from the LIVINGSTONE coat) for diflerence. In the majority of the instances given the difference indicated maternal descent, being often taken from the coat of the family of the wife of the first of the line. When the coat differenced has an Ordinary, a maternal charge of this kind, or an emblem of office or profession, is often found placed on that Ordinary. The chevron on the coat of the Earl of HOPETOUN is charged with a laurel leaf to indicate the descent of his branch of the Hope family from the heiress of FOULIS of Lead- hills. George Jardine has the saltire of his coat charged with besants, as having been Treasurer of the City of Edinburgh. Paterson of Seafield, second son of the Bishop of Ross, replaces one of the three mullets in the chief of his paternal coat by a mitre, while the fourth son of the same prelate introduces a mitre azure between the three pelicans in the same coat.
Although before the Reformation it was not com- pulsory upon ecclesiastics, who were vowed to celibacy, to difference their arms, we yet find that as a matter of fact many did so. Thus Bishop JoilN DE Grandison, of Exeter (1327- 1369), substitutes a silver mitre for one of the golden buckles upon the bend in his ancestral coat {vide ante, p. 37) ; WILLIAM COURTENAV, Archbishop of Canterbury, i 381-1396, whose arms were Or, three torteaux and a label azure, charged each point of his label with a mitre proper Bishop Edmond Stafford of
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Exeter, i 394-1419, differences his paternal coat Or, a chevron gules with a bordure azure, thereon eight mitres argent ; a still better known example is that of the war- like Henry le Despenser, Bishop of Norwich (1370- 1406), who differenced the full Despenser coat with a bordure diarged with mitres (eight or fifteen) or.
XII. — The "Marks of Cadency." — Reference has already been made to the present unsatisfactory use of these which were intended to indicate the order of descent of the different sons of a family. It has been shown (p. 47), that the occasional use of some of them began pretty early both at home and abroad ; but it was only in the reigns of the Tudor Sovereigns that they became systematised in English Heraldry. They are practically the only differences now employed by the English College of Arms to denote legitimate cadency. They are: — i. A Label for the eldest son; 2. A Crescent for the second ; 3. A Mullet for the third ; 4. A Martlet for the fourth ; 5. An Annulet for the fifth son ; 6. A Fleur-de-lis for the sixth ; 7. A Rose for the seventh ; 8. A Cross-moline for the eighth ; and 9. A Double Quatrefoil for the ninth, which is the ne plus ultra of provision. Of these the first six are given in Bossewell'S Workes of Armorie (1572), and the author adds : " if there be any more than six brethren the devise or assignment of further difference only appertaineth to the kingis of armes especially when they visite their severall provinces ; and not to the father of the children to give them what difference he list, as some without authoritie doe allege." Mr GOUGH Nichols remarks {Herald and Genealogist, vol. ii., p. 93) that the last three were never in use by the Heralds who presided over the Visitations. The cinquefoil was, however, sometimes used by them as a difference. In the Visitation of Durham in 7575 the arms of Heron of East Thicklcy are thus given : Gules, on a chevron between three herons
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argent, a cinquefoil sable ; and the following note is appended : — " Remember the difference of a younger brother of a younger house." Other examples of its use are in the arms of Shafton, and DOWNES of Evenwood.
On Scottish seals of the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries the mullet is more frequently found than any of the other marks of cadency, but it is evidently not regarded as peculiarly appropriated to the third son. Before 1300, Sir DONALD of Mar (son and heir of Gratney, Earl of Mar, by the sister of Robert Bruce), bore a mullet of six points in the upper part of the bend upon his seal (Laing, Scottish Seals, ii., No. 690). In 1373 Jt appears in dexter chief on the seal of Robert Stewart, Earl of Fife (afterwards Duke of Albany), second son of Robert II, {ibid., i., 786), and from the beginning of the fifteenth century it is fairly common.
The main consequence of the practical supersession of all other differences by these minute figures has been that the duty of differencing at all has been much neglected, and remote cadets bear the arms of the head of the house without an idea of impropriety. There are, however, some cases where these differences, awarded at a time when they were coming into use, have become permanent in particular branches of the family, and where more than one branch has been elevated to the peerage we still see the differences in use, e.g.y the crescents in the coats of the Marquess of SALISBURY and Earl Stanhope and in those of the several branches of the Howards ; the mullet used by the Earl of Carlisle ; the red rose in the arms of the Marquess of Abergavenny. Sir William Dugdale, in his Ancient Usage of Bearing Arms, condemns the system strongly ; and advises a return to the older and better methods of differencing : and, although in Scotland these better modes, were never superseded. Sir George Mackenzie denounces the partial introduction of the Marks of
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Cadency as tending to confound the ancient coats, and to fill the modern with more crescents and mullets than are in the arms of all Europe besides. In the Lyon Register there are a very few instances of double marks of cadency, such as a crescent charged with another, or with a mullet. •
XIII.— Difference by Quartering. — Men^trier
says that the bearing by a cadet of a quartering not borne by the elder line is in itself a sufficient difference ; and this rule has been pretty generally recognised. When a younger son of a great house became possessed of a feudal lordship by marriage, or by a grant from the crown, he frequently retained the simple coat of his ancestors, and quartered with it the arms of his new possession. Thus Alexander, Duke of Albany, son of James II., bore the undifferenced coat of Scotland, quartered with the arms of March, Man, and Annan- dale. The Stewarts, Earls of Athole, and of BUCHAN, found the feudal quarterings of these Earldoms a sufficient difference. In later times we find the Lords PiTSLiGO bearing the undifferenced coat of Forbes quartered with Fraser ; FORBES of Tolquhoun bearing the same coat quartered with Preston ; and Forbes of Rires bearing Wemyss in the first and fourth quarters, and the undifferenced coat of FORBES in the second and third. To these cases we may add the well-known coat of the Breadalbane family (the principal cadet line of the Campbells), as compared with that of the house of Argyll. Breadalbane has, equally with Argyll, the undifferenced coat of Campbell in the first and fourth quarters ; and each became entitled to use the arms of Stewart of Lorn in virtue of marriage with one of the co-heiresses of JOHN, Lord LORN. In the Argyll achievement this alliance is represented by the use of the LORN galley in the second and third quarters ; while Breadalbane has Lorn in the second, and the
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plain coat of Stewart in the third. Alexander Seton, Viscount Kingston, differenced by the addition of a new quarter borne in the second and third places: — Argent^ a winged dragon (really a wyverti) vomiting fire ^ proper. This coat was composed from the crest of his elder brother, the Earl of Winton. Sir George Mackenzie {^Science of Heraldry) says " I approve not of this way of marshalling."
A curious example of Scottish marshalling may be given here which indicates how little the Scottish lords and heralds of the fifteenth century were trammelled by modem rules. The seal of JOHN Stuart, Lord of Lorn (Laing, Scottish Seals^ i., 797), the father of the three co-heiresses, the eldest of whom brought LORN to the house of Argyll, bears the following arrangement : Quarterly, i. Per fess, in chief, a buckle, its pin extending to the dexter ; in base counter-compony ; 2 and 3. A galley in full sail ; 4. Per fess, t/ie chief counter-corn- pony, and in base a garb. In this composite coat the buckle marks the paternal descent from Stewart of Bonkyl, while the garb is indicative of the Earldom of BucHAN, held by ROBERT, Duke of Albany, his maternal grandfather. The galley in the second and third quarters, though certainly intended to represent the Lordship of LORN, indicated, notwithstanding, no descent from its ancient Lords. The late learned genealogist, Mr ALEXANDER SINCLAIR, has shown that the supposed descent is a modern blunder. JOHN Stewart, the first Lord of Lorn of this house got the Lordship, not by a marriage with the DE Ergadia heiress, but by exchange with his brother, who was that heiress's husband.
The Counts of Leiningen UND Dagsburg, bore Leiningen in the first and fourth quarters, with Dagsburg in the second and third {Argent, a lion rampant sable, debruised by an escarbuncle of tlu field, all
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within a bordure gules) ; and an escucheon en surtout for the Lordship of ASPERMONT : Gules, a cross argent. The Counts of Leiningen-Westerburg quartered Leiningen with Westerburg {Gules, a cross between twenty crosslets or), and placed en surtout an escucheon, Or, a cross azure, which both Spener and TRIER profess their inability to explain. (I think it originated in a painter's error.)
The Barons of Frauenberg (now Fraunberg) in Bavaria, bore : Quarterly, i and 4. Gules, a pale argent, Frauenberg ; 2 and 3. Gules, a horse saliant argent, bridled sable, Haag. The Counts of Haag, who are of the same descent, difference by transposing the quarters (Spener, Op. Her,, p. spec, pp. 446-47). (Nisbet holds this insufficient, Vol. I., p. jy^
The arms of the two lines of LOWENSTEIN and Wer- THEIM, in Virneberg and in Rochefort, were identical so far as eight of the nine quarters were concerned, and only differed in the quartering at the point of the escucheon (Spener, Opus Heraldicum, p. spec, tab. ix.).
In the Royal House of Sweden the cadency of the Royal Princes is denoted by inserting in their escucheon the arms of the Province whose title they assume. Thus the arms of NicoLAS Augustus, Duke of Dalerne, were: — Tierced in pairle reversed-, a, (to the dexter). Per f ess SWEDEN riwrf Gothland ; b, (to the sinister) Norway ; c, (in base) Dalerne ; Gules, two arrows in saltire, points upwards argent, beneath an open crown Or. Over all an oval Escucheon of Vasa, impaling Berna- DOTTE {vide Plate XIX., fig. 2). Similarly the arms of Francis Gustavus Oscar, Duke of Upland (who died
in 1852) has the coat of his duchy in base, viz., Gules, an orb proper. This custom originated with the Vasa line of sovereigns, and there are several other examples in the Riddarholms Kyrka at Stockholm.
XIV. — An Augmentation of course serves very
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effectively as a mode of difference {see Chapter II.). The use of an official coat does the sanne.
In the case of some of the great families of the Low Countries, of which a number of the members were in succession Knights of the great Order of the Golden Fleece, their arms recorded in the catalogues of Chifflet and Maurice afford interesting information as to the modes of differencing employed in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. Thus about the middle of the fourteenth century GUTLLAUME DE Croy espoused ISABELLE, heiress of Renty. Their son, Jean DE Croy, accordingly bore : Quarterly^ I and 4. Argent^ three bars gules (Croy) ; 2 and 3. Argent^ three doloires (broad - axes) those in chief addorsed gules (Renty). Jean DE Croy married Marie de Craon and had two sons. Of these Antoine, the elder, on the death of his father at Azincourt in 1415, became Seigneur of Croy, and bore the full arms of CrOY and Renty {Chev, No. xv.). Of the line of AntOINE were several Knights of the Golden Fleece. His grandson (No. cv.) was GuiLLAUME, Seigneur de CliifevRES, Marquis d'AR- SCHOT, and Duke DE SORIA, the celebrated tutor of the Emperor CHARLES V. He bore Croy and Renty, quartered as above, but differenced by an escucheon en surtout ; Quarterly, i and 4. LUXEMBOURG {Argent, a lion rampant double-queue gules) ; 2. LORRAINE ; 3. Bar. Of these coats LuxExMBURG and Bar were respectively the coats of his maternal grand-parents ; Lorraine was the first coat of his father's mother,
Marguerite de Lorraine- Vaudemont, the wife of Antoine. Marguerite's full coat (of Lorraine
quartering Harcourt and Alen^on) was similarly borne in an esaicheoft en surtout by her grandson Ferry de Croy, Seigneur de Roux (No. cxxiii.), first cousin of GuiLLAUME, Duke of SORiA ; and by Ferry's son Adrian (No. clxiii.). The younger son, Jean {Chev,
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No. xxii. who became the first Count of Chimay, and founder of that line bore the same arms, but differenced by the addition of an escucheon en surtout bearing the arms of his mother Marie de Craon {Quarterly, i and 4. Lozengy or and gules, Craon ; 2 and 3. FLANDERS, Or, a lion rampant sable), this continued to form the standing difference of his line.
In this line of Chimay, we find that both the sons of Jean were Knights of the Order, and differenced their father*s coat, already given, with a bordure azure platy. The elder son, PHILIPPE, also had two sons, Knights of the Order, of whom Charles, Prince de Chimay (No. civ.), the elder, discontinued the bordure, which was retained by the younger, Antoine (No. cxxxiv.).
The differences of the knights of the house of Lannoy are even more instructive.
First of their number was Hugh de Lannoy (No. vii.). His father Gilbert was a younger son, and bore the arms of LannoY: Argent, three lions rampant vert, crowned or, differenced hy 2, filet en bordure engrailed gules ; which was continued by HUGH. His younger brother Gilbert (No. xii.) added to this a label azure ; while the third brother, BALDWIN (No. xix.), who had as his heritage the lordship of MOLEMBAIS, his mother's portion, relinquished his father's bordure and bore the full arms of LANNOY differenced by an escucheon en surtout of MOLEMBAIS : Argent, four bars azure. His son Baldwin (No. Ixxxix.), similarly differenced with the arms of his mother, Adrienne de Berlaymont: Barry of six vair and gules, BALDWIN'S son PHILIP (No. clxxxiii.) also differenced with the arms of his mother MiCHELE D'ESNE: Sable, ten lozenges conjoined argent, 3, 3, i. PHILIP had two wives; by the first, Marguerite de Bourgogne (natural daughter of Duke Philip by Marie Manuel), he had a son Jean (No. ccviii.) who quartered LANNOY and Manuel
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{v, p. 130), and placed the full undifferenced quartered coat of Burgundy en surtout. Philip*s second wife was Franc^'OISE de Barben(;:on, and her son Baldwin (No. ccxxxiii.) differenced with an escucheon en surtout of her arms: Argent^ three lions rampant gules crowned or.
In the line of GILBERT, the second son (No. xii.), his son Pierre (No. xcviii.) bore his father*s arms with the bordure, and in the centre point a star of six points gules.
Yet another line of Lannoy, descending from HUGH, Seigneur de MiNGOVAL, brother of GILBERT, had a succession of three generations of knights of the Golden Fleece. Charles (No. cxxxvi.) Viceroy of Naples, laid aside his father's engrailed bordure, and differenced with a cx^sztxiX. gules in the centre point. His son Philip (No. cxcvii.), Prince of SULMONE, resumed the bordure. He married Isabella Colonna, and their sons Charles (No. ccxxxviii.), and Horace (No. cclxix), both quartered LAN NO Y and Colon N A {Gules ^ a column argent, its capital and base or^ crowned of the last), A branch of the house of Lannoy has now the title of Prince of Rheina-Wolbeck.
Illustrations of most of the usages we have described will be found in the list of MONTMORENCY brisures with which I conclude this Chapter.
I. (9r, a cross gules between sixteen alerions azure ^ is the principal coat of the family in modern times {see next page for the ancient coat).
The Montmorency de Fosseux ^AA^Ak star argent
in the centre point (until it became the principal line in 1570), and the lines of COURRIERES and LORESSE did the same.
M — Wastine : Princes de ROBECQ, placed three plates upon tlie cross,
M — ROUTEVILLE; and M — Croisilles : a label azure {? argent) ; and a lozenge or, in centre point.
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M — BOURS : in chief a crescent argent.
M — ROUPY (et Nomaing); in chief a mullet argent or a crescent argent in centre,
M — DU Plessis-Cacheleu : in centre a mullet sable,
M— d'Avremesnil et Goussainville : a label argent,
M — Dues de Damville : in the centre a cross couped argent,
M — D*HuBERMONT : an escucheon en surtout of the maternal arms of D'OlGNlES : ( Vert^ afess ermine).
M — DE Maffliers : the first canton argent plain,
M — S. Leu, et DeuiL: the first canton ermifie plain,
M — Breteuil et Beaussault : the first canton argenty t/iereon an estoile sable.
M — Beausant : an escucheon en surtout of Har- COURT, Gules ^ tiuo bars or.
M — DE Marly : Or^ a cross gules between four allerions azure (the early arms of the family; but see Appendix F at the end of this volume) ; the branch of DE Lay made the cross fretty. (Spener, Opus Heraldicum^ pars gen., P- 3S7> corrected.)
M — Comtes DE Luxe, et de Boutteville : on the cross an escucheon of Bourbon-la-Marche-Pr£aux, viz., France-ancient, a bendlet gules charged with three lions rampant argent (this line became MONTMORENCY-
LUXEMBOURG).
M — H ALLOT : a label azure.
II. Montmorency - Laval ; added Jive escallops argent upon the cross. (Le Marquis DE Nesle substituted ?i fleur-de-lis for the central escallop.)
M. — L. DE MORHEM : the same within a bordure argent.
M — L. d'Olivet: a bordure sable^ thereon eig/it plates, {cf, Plate v., fig. 3.)
M — L. St. Aubin, et Bois-Dauphin : a bordure sable ^ t/iereon five lions rampant argent.
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M — L. Chatillon ; a canton of Beaumont, Azure flory, a lion rampant or.
M — L. DE LOUE : a canton of Baussay (?).
M — L. DE Pacy : a canton of Gavre, Gules, three lions rampant argent, crowned azure.
M — L. DE CHALOUYAU : a canton, Gules, a lion ram- pant argent.
M — L. d'Attichy : a canton of Erquerry, Argent, a lion rampant gules. (In all these cases the canton was assumed from the maternal coat.)
M — L. DE Lezay : in tlie base of tlu cross a pheon argent.
FlO. 11.— ESCUCHBON OF HSNRI DE Fbbrikrbs, 1205, Vol. I., p. 69.
CHAPTER II.
MARSHALLING.
In the earliest days of Heraldry no one was supposed to have a right to more coats of arms than one, nor did more than one coat appear upon a heraldic seal. The hereditary descent of arms was from time to time interrupted by the bearer of a particular coat marrying into a family more powerful, or having larger possessions than his own ; in which case it was usual, whether the lady were an heiress or not, that he should adopt her family arms ; in so doing he entirely relinquished his paternal ensigns, as it was not thought that he could exhibit both together on the same shield, banner, or seal. Thus Hugh, Baron de Audele, bore: {Gules\fretty {or), and a bordure . . . ; but after his marriage with Margaret de Clare, sister and co-heiress of Gilbert DE Clare, Earl of Gloucester, who fell at Bannock- burn in 1 3 14, he relinquished his paternal arms, assuming those of his wife, and bore them alone. {Cat, of Seals in Brit, Mus,, No. 7022.)
Dallaway, quoting an ancient MS., tells us that if a younger son married an heiress whose possessions were of greater importance than those of his elder brother (to which he might himself possibly succeed), he assumed
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her arms rather than bear his paternal coat with a brisure. ( Vide supra, p. 44, AcTON, assuming LE STRANGE.)
Adam Urquhart of Meldrum, 1672, dropped his paternal coat, and registered the quartered arms of MeldrUxM, and Seton, as heir of those families.
A similar assumption was often a matter of stipulation in the contract of marriage. jEAN, son of Raoul de Montfort, Seigneur de Kergolay, on his marriage in 1404, with Anne, heiress of LAVAL, renounced entirely his paternal arms, his surname, and even his baptismal name, in compliance with the provisions of his marriage contract. The renunciation of the baptismal name seems at first sight as unnecessary as curious, but the reason was that the Christian name of GUY, to the exclusion of any other baptismal name, was indissolubly attached to the Baron, or Count, who should hold the landsof Laval. This privi- lege was accorded by Pope Paschal II. {c, i loi) to Guy IV., Baron de Laval, as a perpetual memorial of the services rendered by him and his family in the Crusade under the leadership of Godfrey de Bouillon, and the privilege was confirmed by the letters-patent of King Philip I. of France. In 1268, Guy VII. de Laval, by his testamentary deed, deprived of the right of succession to the lands any person who rejected the condition ; and also made a special provision by which its observance was compulsory on anyone who should marry the heiress of the line, in case there should be no direct male heir.
Early in the thirteenth century more shields than one began to be exhibited upon the same seal. The follow- ing examples show the arrangements in use before the adoption of quarterings.
The seal of Hugh de Courtenay in 1298, contains a cinquefoil in the centre, between three escucheons con- joined in triangle by the upper angles of their chiefs : —
VOL. II. F
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I. COURTENAY {Or, three torteaux). 2. BASSET {three bars wavy), 3. Despenser. {Cat, of Seals, Brit, Mus., vol. ii., No. 9010.) The seal of Hawisia LA BOTELERE in 1 3 14 has, on the other hand, three shields meeting at their bases.
In 1300 John Druel, or Deruel, Sheriff of North- ampton, has on his seal two escucheons suspended from the branches of a tree ; the first contains a lion rampant; in the other, which is quarterly, the charges are indistinct {Cat, of Seals in Brit, Mus,, vol. ii.. No. 9333).
The seal of Norman, second Baron d'Arcy by writ, in 1334, has four shields of arms arranged in cross, the points meet in the centre {ibid,, 6883). That of Symond DE ESSHE, of Seaton, in 1348, has a similar arrangement {ibid,, 9513). A most curious and interesting seal is that of Nicholas Malemayns in 13 15. It bears a rose, or cinquefoil, in the centre of which are three lions passant in pale, each leaf is charged : \, Malmayns, three hands couped ; 2. (. . . .) a saltire engrailed ; 3. (. . . .) a cross flory ; 4. (. . . .) chequy, a fess; 5. (. . . .) Barry of eight, {Cat, of Seals in Brit. Mus,, vol. iii.,
No, 11,534.)
While the circular seal was generally in use by men the vesica was most usually adopted for the shape of that of ladies, and the examples which remain are exceedingly numerous and interesting. The vesica- shaped seal of Agnes, daughter of William de Ferrers, Earl of Derby, and second wife of Eustace, Baron de Vesci {circa 12 16) bears her effigy holding in the right hand a shield charged with a cross flory , . . for Vesci. In the field of the seal to the left is a shield of her paternal arms, Vair^ {or) and (gules) {Cat, of Seals, Brit, Mus,, ii., No. 6726). The vesica seal of
Margaret, widow of Saer de Quincy, Earl of Winchester, and daughter of Robert, Earl of Leicester {circa 1270), bears her effigy vested in a
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tight-fitting dress charged with the DE QuiNCY inascles. To the left are two shields suspended from the branches of a tree (a) DE QuiNCY, and below it (J?) afess between two dievrons . . . (perhaps for FiTZ-W ALTER) ; a cin- quefoil from her paternal arms is placed above her head {Cat. of Seals in Brit. Mus., ii., No. 6700).
Ela, Countess of Warwick, daughter of William LoNGESPfiE, Earl of SALISBURY, widow of Thomas de Newburgh, Earl of Warwick, and wife of Philip Basset, used, after 1242, a seal bearing her ^^gy^ holding in the right hand a shield of her paternal arms. On the other side of her effigy is a shield of the NEW- BURGH arms {Chequy argent and azure^ a chevron ennine). The BASSET arms {three bars wavy) are alone on the counter-seal. {Cat. of Seals in Brit. Mus., No. 6579.)
On the seals of Queens, and other highly dignified ladies, the owner of the seal was often delineated at full length having a shield on either side of her effigy ; the one usually contains her husband's armorial insignia, the other her paternal coat. Thus, in 1263, the seal of Agnes de Faucigny, wife of Count Peter of Savoy, bears a female figure holding, in the dexter hand the paly shield of Faucigny {Gules\ three pallets {or) ; in her sinister the shield of Savoy {Gules\ a cross {argent). (ClBRARlO, Sigilli de' Principi di Savoia, No. 19.) It may be worth while to notice here, that this seal, already bearing the arms now known as those of Savoy, is one of the many pieces of evidence extant which unite in refuting the fable which declares that these arms (identical with those borne by the great Order of the Hospitallers of St. John the Baptist, the " Knights of St John " at Rhodes and Malta) were given by the Order to Amadeus the Great, Count of Savoy (1285- 1323), in recognition of assistance said to have been rendered by him to the Knights at a siege of Rhodes, with regard to
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which historians differ about the date as to whether it was in 1308, 13 10, or 1315 ! {See GuiCHENON, Histoire G^n^alogique de la Maison de Savoye^ i., 126, etc.)
On a seal of Margaret Bruce of Skelton, Lady de Ros of Kendal, appended to a document of 1280, is a full-length female figure, wearing a mantle lined with ermine, and holding a shield charged with the water- bougets of Ross in her right hand, and one with a lion rampant, for BRUCE, in the other. (Laing, Scottish Seals, ii.. No. 142.)
Margaret, daughter of Philip III. of France, second Queen of Edward I. of England had on the obverse of the seal in 1299, her effigy, habited in a tunic on which are displayed the three lions passant-gardant of England ; on either side of this effigy is a shield ; the dexter bears the yfe«rj-^^-//> of France-ancient ; that to the left hand is charged with the coat of her mother Marie, daughter of Henry III., Duke of Brabant {Sable), a lion rampant {or). The reverse of the seal bears the arms of England only.
This mode of using arms seems to have been prevalent all over Europe. For instance, the seal of Margaret of Carinthia, wife of Frederick IV., Burg-grave of NURNBERG in 1307, bears her seated effigy holding two shields : the dexter the arms of ZOLLERN : Quarterly^ Sable and argent; the other the shield of Carinthia : Per pale, (a) {Gules^afess {argent), Austria ; and (b) {Or,) three lions passant in pale {sable), CARINTHIA. {Monu- menta Zollerana, iii., p. 279.) The custom was continued by all the Burg-grafins of the fourteenth century. {See Chapter on SUPPORTERS.)
Similar to the seal of Lady de Ros, described above, is the seal in 1378 of MARGARET Stuart, Countess of Angus by descent, and of Mar by marriage (the mother, by an incestuous intrigue with her brother-in-law, of the Douglas, first Earl of Angus) ; it bears the
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representation of a lady holding in the dexter hand the shield of Mar, and in the sinister that of STEWART of BoNKiLL; or Stewart, Earl of Angus. (Laing,
Scottish SeaiSf i., No. 792.)
There is in the Record Office in London a fine but much defaced seal of Margaret Logie, second Queen of David II. of Scotland, on which, besides the figure of the Queen, are three separate shields. One bears the Royal Arms of SCOTLAND ; another, so much injured as to be hardly decipherable, seems to contain the coat of her former husband. Sir John Logie ; while the third, which had on insufficient grounds been taken for LOGIE, bears the coat of Drummond {Or\ three bars wavy {gules). It may be mentioned as indicative of the light which Heraldry so often throws on history, that it was this seal which settled the re-discovery of the long forgotten paternity of David II.'s strong-minded Queen. She was daughter of Sir MALCOLM Drummond of Stobhall ; and aunt of the gentler, and more lovable, gueen Annabella. The late Mr Riddell {Scottish Peerage and Consistorial Law^ p. 92) had previously shown that she was not, as generally supposed, daughter of Sir John Logie, but his widow. (See The Exchequer Rolls of Scotland^ vol. ii., pp. Iv. and Ivi., edited by GEORGE Burnett, Lyon King of Arms.)
On the more delicately executed seals of the same period without effigies, we have sometimes a regular pattern of ornamental tracery, in which are inserted several separate shields, that which contains the principal family coat generally occupies the most prominent position. In a few cases the family badges are intro- duced as parts of the composition.
The counter-seals of LOUIS X. of France, in 131 5, as well as those of his brothers and successors PHILIP V. and Charles IV., bear the arms of the kingdom (France-ancient) on a circular representation of
i
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the chains of Navarre, their mother's coat. (Vr£e, GMalogie des Comtes de Flandre, plates xli., xlii.)
Three seals given in Hueber's Austria Illustrata^ tab. xiv. and xvi. show the aggroupement of several shields in 1348 before quartering had become generally adopted. The first is that of Louis, Count Palatine of the Rhine, and Duke of Bavaria ; on it three shields are arranged in pairle^ the points meeting in the centre of the escucheon : (i) Bavaria ; (2) the Pala- tinate ; (3) . . . (?). The second is that of Albert, Duke of Austria, Styria, and Carinthia. Here the shields of (i) Austria, (2) Styria, and (3) the impaled coat of Carinthia {y, p. 68), are placed 2 and I. The two first are accoUs in chief, and their base points rest on the upper edge of the shield of Carinthia. The seal of Rudolf de Losenstein, in 1337, has two shields pendant from a tree.
It should be noted that Princes who had several great fiefs, carried their arms separately ; one on the shield, another on the banner, and others on the caparisons of their horses. (^See the seals of the Dukes of Austria, in Hueber ; those of the Saxon Dukes, in Honn, Des Hauses Sac/isen Wappens und Geschlechts Untersuchung^ Leipzig, 1704, etc.; and that of John, King of Bohemia.) This prince bears POLAND on his shield ; three escucheons of BOHEMIA, Poland, and Luxemburg on his housings ; and BOHEMIA on his banner.
In the stained glass at Chartres, Amaury de Mont- FORT, and his brother SiMON, Earl of LEICESTER, who have their shields charged with Gules, a lion rampant double-queut^ argent, bear a banner, Per pale indented argent and gules, supposed (but erroneously) to be the banner of the Honour of Hinckley, which carried with it the dignity of Steward of England. It really is an EvREUX coat. In the glass the gules is next the staff.
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The seal of ELIZABETH DE Clare, daughter and heiress of Gilbert de Clare, Earl of Gloucester, and niece of EDWARD II., like many other seals of ladies of that date, is without inscription. The central shield bears the arms of ROGER d' A MORI, the lady's third husband, who died c, 1322 (Barry wavy argent and gules ^ a bendlet azure), with three lions passant-gardant of England surrounding it. A cross of tracery around this central shield contains four circular compartments : that above the shield of Amori bears the arms of the lady's first husband, JOHN DE BURGH, Earl of ULSTER {Or) a cross {gules) surmounted by a label azure ; that beneath the shield is charged with the fret of her second husband, THEOBALD DE Verdon {Or, fretty gules) ; while the circles on either side bear her paternal arms of DE Clare {Or, three c/ievrons gules). In the four angles of the cross are trefoiled compartments ; two charged with the castle of Castile ; two with the arms of Leon, for her grandmother ELEANOR of Castile, wife of Edward I., whose daughter, Joan of AcON, was wife of Gilbert de Clare.
The seal of ELIZABETH d'Amori, daughter and heiress of the above-named ROGER d'Amori, and Elizabeth de Clare, affords an equally interesting example of the usage of the time. On it a central com- partment of circular shape is filled with octagonal cuspings, on which is placed the shield of the lady's hus- band, John, Lord Bardolf {Azure, three cinquefoils or). Around it is arranged a series. of eight smaller circles charged with arms. In chief and base are the arms of De Burgh, but without any label. The dexter and sinister flanks are charged with DE Clare and D' A MORI, as above. The other four circles bear the lion of LEON or the castle of Castile. {Cf, the seal of Jeanne de France, Duchess of Burgundy, Vol. II., Plate I., fig. 3.)
A seal of Margaret of France (daughter of Philip
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V. by Jeanne, Countess of Artois and Burgundy; and wife of Louis DE Nevers, Count of Flanders) ; bears: FLANDERS, impaling France-ancient. This central shield is surrounded by a series of four sup- porters : an angel in chief, a dragon in base, and two eagles in flanks, and by four escucheons alternating with these supporters: of these the ist and 4th are Artois (France-ancient, a label gules) ; the 2nd bears the impaled coat repeated ; the 3rd is for Nevers, or the County Palatine of Burgundy : Azure, billetty a Hon rampant or (Vr^E, Gen. Com, FLy plate 1.). This coat was assumed as early as 1279, by Otho IV. Otho I., third son of the Emperor FREDERICK I., is said to have used : Gules, an eagle displayed argent. (See the notes on PLANCHfi's Roily in T/ie Genealogist, n. s., viii., 21 l)
Contemporarily with this aggroupement existed another usage for indicating maternal descent, or the possession of a particular fief, by borrowing some bearing from the shield of the wife or mother, or from that of the fief in question, and amalgamating it with the paternal coat.
The arms of England themselves are a composition of those of the Duchies of NORM ANDY and GuiENNE. An English instance of this usage adduced by Mr Planch£, is that of JOHN DE MoHUN (temp. Edward I.), whose family coat. Gules, a maunch argent, has been already noticed (Vol. I., p. 392) ; but in consequence of his marriage with Joanne d'Agulon, he (or his son) added to the maunch a hand issuing from it, and holding the fleur-de-lis which was the bearing of the Agulon family. In the Roll o{ Henry III., known as Glover's Roll, Robert de Agulon bears : Gules, a fleur-de-lis argent (No. 63). {See also St. George's Roll, No. 182, Archoeologia, xxxix.)
Many examples of composed coats are to be found in Continental Heraldry. Jean Six, of an ancient family
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of Cambray, bore: Azure, three estoiles argenty but having espoused Alix de Cange, Dame de Montigny, who bore : Azure, three crescents or; he substituted two of her crescents for the two estoiles in chief of his own arms.
The arms of Villette-Chivron in Savoy, which are: Azure, between three lions rampant, those in chief affrontds, a clievron or, thereon another gules. These were composed of the arms of ViLLETTE : Azure, three lions rampant or, and those of Chivron : Azure, a chevron or, tlureon another gules.
In the arms of the family of DES Ursins or Orsini, the arms of the house of Anguillara are similarly in- corporated {vide ante. Vol. I., Plate XL, fig. 6). The family of C H arra, in Dauphiny bore : Bureli of twelve argent and gules, but added to it on a bend the arms of Barral, which were : Or, three barrels azure, hooped argent. In Scotland this usage also prevailed. It is well known that the marriage of Sir JoiiN Stewart, younger son of the fourth High Steward of Scotland, with the daughter and eventual heiress of Sir John Bonkvl, led the greater number of his descendants in all subsequent times to surmount their fess-chequy with a bend (which was doubtless his difference as a younger son), charged with the three buckles of the shield of BONKYL. We see them on the seal of MARGARET, Countess of ANGUS and Mar, to which reference has been already made (Laing, Scottish Seals, i., No. 768).
Immediately on his accession to the throne ROBERT II., in 1 37 1, bestowed on David, his eldest son by his second marriage with EUPHEMIA Ross, the earldom of Strathern which had been forfeited to the Crown. The seal of the prince, in 1 374, shows that within the Royal Tressure he placed the fess-chequy of the Stewarts between the chevrons which had been borne by the former Earls of STRATHERN as their feudal coat
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Or, two cJuvrons gules), JOHN, second son of Sir Alexander Cockburn, (who bore : Argent, three cocks gules), married early in the fourteenth century, Janet, daughter and heiress of Sir ALEXANDER Lindsay, and thus acquired the estate of Ormiston. He therefore placed the lAndsdcy fess-ckequy argent and azure between the three cocks of CoCKBURN on his armorial shield.
A great many Scottish coats were formed in this way, and allusion has been made to some of them in the Chapter on Differencing {vide ante, pp. 52, 56).
SECTION L — IMPALEMENT.
Marshalling, however, consists strictly neither in the aggroupement, nor in the amalgamation, of heraldic bearings, but in the exhibiting of separate coats in one shield which is divided by lines of partition into com- partments for their display. Among the various means adopted for this purpose the most important are — tin- palement ; quartering; and the escuclieon en surtout ; each of which, along with a few others belonging chiefly to Continental and Royal Heraldry, will be separately noticed.
In impalement the shield is parted per pale, i.e,, is divided by a vertical line into equal portions, a separate coat being placed in each of the divisions.
It must, however, be noticed that there are a number of German arms, which to British eyes would appear to be composed by the impalement, or dimidiation, of two distinct coats ; but though some of them may be thus composed there are others which are only single parted coats. Thus Zeilhofenin, in Bavaria, bears : Per pale : sable and argent, in the first a fess gules, BUBELWITZ : Per pale : Azure, and Chequy gules and argent, Prisin- OWSKY : Per pale : Barry of four sable and argent, and Gules plain,
(A) Dimidiation. — In the form called Dimidiation,
/■/ 177;
UABSBALUNO, ItlMlDIATION, Bic
^
3. Engluil, Dimidutinf Fnuiot. 4. QuHn Kliiktwlli ur Yurk,
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only the half (or a little more than the half) of each of the two coats is seen upon the shield, which is thus occupied by the dexter half of the one coat and the sinister half of the other.
Mr BOUTELL {English Heraldry, p. 146) considers that this custom was introduced into England between 1 272- 1 307; there are, however, earlier instances of its use in other countries. The seal of William of Hainault, younger brother of Baldwin V., Count of Hainault (d. 1 194), bears a shield dimidiated; the dexter half is sertU oi fleurs-de-lis ; in the sinister is the coat of Hainault {Clievronny or, and sable), the chev- rons being by dimidiation here converted into bends. This seal was in use in 1199 or 1200, and is the earliest instance of dimidiation which occurs to me. (Vree, G^ncUilogie des Comtes de Flandre, plate iv.) The seal of
Beatrice de Baux, in 1258, bears Toulouse dimidiat- ing Baux. (Cibrario, Sigilli di Savoia, No. xv.)
The counter-seal of Devorgilla, wife of John Balliol, daughter of Alan, Lord of Galloway, by Margaret, daughter of David, Earl of Huntingdon, is appended to the charter of foundation of Balliol College, Oxford, 1282. It is of vesica shape, and bears three escucheons suspended from a tree ; the centre, and by far the largest shield, bears GALLOWAY {a lion rampant crowned), dimidiated with BALLIOL {an orle, v, p. 35) (precedence being given to the female coat, vide infra p. 86). The smaller escucheons bear the arms of Huntingdon {Or^ three piles in point {gules,) and Chester {Asure^ three garbs or for her grandparents. (Laing, ii., 72.)
The seal of Annette de Laval, Dame de Coetmen, in 1298, bears: Montmorency-Laval {Or, on a cross gules between twenty allerions azure, five escallops argent) dimidiating COETMEN {Gules, seven annulets, 3, 3, i, argent) (MORICE, Bretagne, cxxii.). I am not able, there-
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fore, to give my entire assent to Mr Planche's assertion that " Heraldry had existed as a science at least two hundred years before anything like the present practice of marshalling made its appearance. In our early seals the shield of arms of the husband and wife are displayed separately. Impalement, simply, and by dimidiation, appears in the reign of Edward I., and quartering about the same period." — {^Pursuivant of Arms, p. 164.)
The seal in 1334 of EvA, daughter of JOHN, second Baron Clavering, is a curious and interesting ex- ample of dimidiation. The shield contains the dimidiated arms of her two husbands ; Ralph de Ufford, and Thomas de Audley: — Per pale (a) (...) a cross lozengy (...) over^ all a bend (...); (b) Fretty of six pieces ( . . . and . . . ). Her paternal arms, Quarterly (or and gules) over all a bendlet sable\ occur three times in small lozenges a-mid the elaborate geometrical tracery which surrounds the shield. The seal of Beatrice de Braose in 1372, bears Braose :(...) crusily^ and a lion rampant (...), the latter coat is alone dimidiated. She was the daughter of ROGER MORTIMER, Earl of March, and before her marriage to Sir Thomas de Braose had been the wife of Edward Plantagenet, son and heir of Thomas of Brotherton, Earl of Norfolk. This
marriage is indicated by a roundel containing the arms of Plantagenet, j^// J brisure, placed above the impaled shield. {See MONTAGU, Guide to the Study of Heraldry,
p. 38.)
Sometimes quartered coats are dimidiated, in which
case the first and third quarters of the husband's coat are
impaled with the second and fourth of the wife's. In
these the appearance is that of a plain quartered coat,
and may easily mislead the unwary. Thus, the seal of
Margaret of Bavaria, Countess of Holland, and
wife of John, Count de Nevers, in 1385 (afterwards
yABSHALUNtl. lilHIOUTION.
1. (riutrlotta de Nmmu, DueheiH <la TiinHHllc. I(. AlnnfiHi ■nil ChamkilUrtdimiilutaL HI. Munlnior«icj-lA(^ will UontinotBier-OliTCl. IV. UhuJutla ito Ifoatmonnoj, Daolinn d' AbcdbUrd*.
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Duke of Burgundy), bears a shield en banniere which appears a simple instance of quartering but is really a dimidiated coat. (Vree, Gen. Com. Flandr., plate Ix.) The two coats to the dexter side of the palar line are :
In chief BURGUNDY-MODERN (FRANCE-ANCIENT, a
bordure-compony argent and gules), and in base BUR- GUNDY-ANCIENT, as above. On the sinister side the coat in chief is BAVARIA {Bendy-lozengy argent and azure) ; and the one in base contains the quartered arms of Flanders {Or, a lion rampant sable) ; and HOLLAND {Or, a lion rampant gules) ; the pourfilar line dividing these latter quarters being omitted, as in many like instances in which the tincture of the fields is the same. (See p. 99, and compare the shield of Queen Philippa of Hainault, wife of Edward III., in West- minster Abbey.) Similarly, after her first marriage with the Dauphin, the seal of JACQUELINE of Bavaria, Countess of HOLLAND, has on the dexter side the coat of France in chief, and that of Dauphin£ {Or, a dolphin embowed azure, crested gules) in base ; on the sinister Bavaria in chief, above the quartered coat of Flanders and Holland (in base).
The seal of Jeanne, Duchess of Brittany, wife of Charles of Blois, in 1369, bears a lozenge charged with two coats which might be described either as dimidiated, or impaled. The dexter side is Ermine plain; the sinister Ermine, within a border gules (which, as usual, stops at the palar line).
I recently noticed a somewhat similar instance in a modem window of the Cathedral at Tours, where the arms of GuY DE Montmorency-Laval are dimidiated with those of Jeanne de Laval-d*Olivet, his wife, in
*
1384. (She was widow of the Constable Bertrand du Guesclin.) The arms are: Per pale dimidiated: (i.) Or, on a cross gules between sixteen allerions azure, five escallops argent ; (2.) The same, within a
I
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bordure sable charged with fifteen plates, {See Vol. If., Plate v., fig. 3.)
In 1298, the seal of Annette de Laval, Dame de COETMEN, has a shield of Montmorency-Laval (as above) dimidiating COETMEN ; Gules, seven annulets, 3, 3, I, argent, (MORICE, Bretagne, No. cxxii.) In 1306 the seal of Paien de la Roche bears: Vair, dimidiating an eagle displayed. {Ibid,, No. ccxv.)
It must be noticed that often only one of the coats impaled is affected hy dimidiation. Thus {circa 13 10) the counter-seal of MARGARET of Hainault, third wife of Robert, Comte d'ARTOLS, bears Artois dimidiated impaling FLANDERS entire. Here the Artois label appears (probably only on account of the smallness of the coat) to be gobony ; and not of gules charged with the golden castles of Castile, as represented on the seal of the Count himself (Vr£e, GMalogie des Comtes des Flandres, plate xlviii.)
On the seal of lOLANTE DE Flanders (d. 13 12), daughter of Robert de B£thune, Count of Flanders, and wife of Gautier II., Seigneur d'ENGHlEN, the dimidiated coat of Enghien {Gyronny of ten argent and sable, each piece of the latter charged with three cross- crosslets-fitcJi^e of tlie first ; cf. Plate XIII., fig. 2) is impaled with the entire arms of Flanders. So also on the Great Seal of Queen Mary the dimidiated arms of France impale the entire arms of Scotland. Other Queens of France did the like. By Queen MARIE DE' Medici the arms of France-modern were dimidiated, and impaled with her full coat : Quarterly, i and 4. Medici ; 2 and
3. Austria-modern.
The remarkable seals of YOLANTE DE Flandre (daughter of ROBERT DE Flandres, dit Cassel, by Jeanne de Bretagne ; and wife, first of Henry IV., Comte de Bar ; and next of Philip, Comte d'EvREUX, and King of Navarre in 1344), show her own arms
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(Flanders within a bordure engrailed j^^/?) entire ; while those of her husband : Quarterly y i and 4. Navarre ; 2 and 3. Evreux (France-ancient over all a bend gobony argent and gules) are dimidiated ; so that the dexter side of the escucheon appears to be party per fess, as only the ist and 3rd quarters (the dexter half) of the quartered coat appear. On one of her seals this escucheon, supported by eight angels, is en banniere {v. Vol. I., p. 62); it may also be noticed that the engraijed bordure of her own coat runs round the whole of it, and is not removed, as we might have expected, at the palar line. (Vree, GMalogie des Cointes de Flatidre^ plate ciii.) It is curious to note that a century later this same impalement of Navarre and Evreux appears on the seal of JOAN DE Navarre, first Queen of Henry IV. of England, in 1463* This seal contains an impalement, the King's arms (of France-ANCIENT, and England, quarterly) being on the dexter side ; and on the sinister side, per fess, in chief Navarre, in base Evreux. (It must be noticed that this is not a correct dimidiation of her arms ; if it were their sinister half would be Evreux in chief; Navarre in base ; see other similar cases on p. 8l)
The Royal Armory of England shows much earlier instances of dimidiation. The arms of Margaret of France, who died in 13 19, the second Queen of Edward I., remain on her tomb in Westminster Abbey as an exemplification of this mode of Marshalling (Vol. II., Plate IV., fig. 3). The arms of England are upon the dexter side of the escucheon ; and this coat under- goes, according to the earlier and more correct fashion, a certain amount of curtailment, though the dimidiation is not complete, only portions of the hindmost parts of the lions being cut off by the palar line ; while the coat of France-ancient appears also dimidiated to the sinister. On one of the seals of Isabel of France, wife of
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Edward II., her effigy is represented standing between two shields, one of ENGLAND, the other of her parental (not personal) arms, France-ancient and Navarre, both somewhat curtailed by dimidiation.
BOUTELL, in Heraldry^ Historical and Populary gives several early examples of Impalement by dimidiation^ which should not be overlooked. The seal of Edmond Plantagenet, Earl of Cornwall (d. 1300), bears his arms {Argent^ a lion rampant gules ^ crowned or, within a bordure sable, tliereon eight bezants^ dimidiating those of his wife, Margaret de Clare. Here only the sinister-half of his bordure is removed, while the Clare coat {Or, three clievrons gules) is entirely dimidiated and the chevrons become bends, as in the seal of WiLLlAM of Hainault given above (p. 75). Both coats are dimidiated in Boutell's other examples (William de Valence and his wife ; and Alianore Montendre and her husband Guy Ferre.) On the seal of Margaret Campbell, wife of Alexander Napier, in 1531, the shield has impaled upon the dexter side the arms of Lennox, but on the sinister the dimidiated coat (the sinister-half of the quartered arms) of CAMPBELL, and LORN ; thus the galley of LORN appears in the chief, and the Campbell gyrons in base ; in agreement with what we have already seen (Vol. II., p. 79) to be a Continental usage. (Laing, Scottish Seals, i., No. 158.) Thus also the arms of CHARLOTTE, and I^ABELLE, of Nassau, daughters of William, Prince of Orange (d. 1584), by Charlotte de Bourbon-Montpensier,
were dimidiated by their respective husbands, Claude, Due de la TrEmouille (d. 1604), and Henri de la Tour d'Auvergne, Due de Bouillon, who retained
their own arms entire. These are curious examples because the dimidiation of the arms of the ladies affected also the escucheon of pretence, and its escucheon en
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surtout. It will be sufficient if I give the blazon of the arms of ISABELLE, Duchesse de BOUILLON. Two coats impaled ; the dexter entire ; the sinister dimidiated : —
A. Quarterly: i. Azure fleury or^ a tower argent
(LA Tour).
2. Or, a gonfanon gules ^ fringed vert (Au VERGNE).
3. Cotic^ or and gules (TURENNE).
4. Gules^ afess argent (Duchy of BOUILLON). Over all : Or, three torteaux (County of BOLOGNE).
B. Quarterly: i and 4. FRANCE, differenced by
a baton pM en bande gules (the upper portion Or, charged with a dolphin embowed azure (BOURBON-
MONTPENSIER).
2 and 3. Azure, billetty a lion rampant or (NASSAU). Over all : an escucheon, Quarterly : i and 4. Gules,
a bend or (ChAlon). 2 and 3. Or, a hunting-horn azure, virolled and stringed gules (Orange). Sur le tout du tout, Cfuquy of nine or and azure (Geneva). The whole escucheon (B) is dimidiated. I have counted these noteworthy examples of dimidia- tion because the escucheon s en surtout are affected by the process, and because in B the most important coats, both in the main escucheon and in the surtout, are as a result of the dimidiation made to take the lowest room. But the books of Queen Anne of Austria, widow of Louis XII., show that in order to obviate this, she made use at times of a still more curious mode of dimidiation. Her arms are: France-modern dimidiated, and impal- ing, not as in the previous examples the sinister-half of her paternal coat, but the dexter-tialf of it reversed. This is really extremely curious, for the sinister impalement appears thus: Per fess (A) Quarterly, Castile and
Leon; (B)/*^r;^jj(a) Austria-modern; (b)BuRGUNDV-
ANCIENT (this coat being reversed the bends become bends-sinister). Over all two escucheons, dimidiated and
VOL. II. G
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attached to the palar line ; viz., in chief the sinister-half of the escucheon of PORTUGAL ; in base the sinister-half of the escucheon of Flanders impaling Tyrol ; this being reversed the piece shown is the half containing the lion of Flanders. (Guigard, i., p. 25.) It is curious that Queen Marie TnfeRfesE of Austria, wife of Louis XIV., adopted precisely the same mode of marshalling her arms. {Ibid., i., p. 26.) DiANE DE Poitiers, Duchesse de Valentinois, mistress of Henri II., King of France, stamped the bindings of her books with a lozenge in which the arms of her husband the Due DE Breze {Azure, between eight plain crosslets in orle or, an escucJieon of the first, thereon an orle argent tuithin a bordure of the second), are dimidiated, and impaled with her full paternal coat : Quarterly : i and 4. Azure, six plates, three, two, one, and a chief Or (St. Vallier) ; 2. Azure, fleury or, on a canton argent three crescents gules ( . . . ) ; 3. Per fess thnanclU argent and sable (RUFFO). See GuiGARD {Armorial du Biblio- phile ; p. 11).
The seal of Anne of Cyprus, wife of Louis, Duke of
Savoy, in 145 1, bears Savoy dimidiated, impaling : — Per
fess, (a) Jerusalem ; {b) Cyprus: Argent a lion rampant
gules; crowned or (ClBRARIO, Sigilli di Savoia No. 103).
An early and interesting Irish example of this kind of Marshalling is afforded by a dimidiated coat of Clare and Fitzgerald. Sir Thomas de Clare, younger son of Richard, Earl of Hereford, having obtained in 1272 a charter of the territory of Thomond in Con- naught, and of whatever lands besides he could win from the Irish by his sword, set sail for Cork with a large retinue, and there married Juliana, daughter and heiress
of Maurice Fitzmaurice Fitzgerald, feudal Lord of
Inchiquin and Youghal. He became possessor of the town of Youghal ; and the official seal of the Provosts of Youghal dimidiated the coats of Clare and FiTZ-
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GERALD : — (Clare, Or, three chevrons gules ; FiTZ- GERALD, Argenty a saltire guleSy a label of five points in chief azure ; Plate IV., fig. 5).
Another curious Irish coat of this kind is that of the arms of the Province of CON NAUGHT : Per pale (a) Argent y an eagle diviidiated and conjoined to the palar line {sable) ; (b) GuleSy an ann embowed issuing from the palar line^ and Jwlding a dagger erect proper.
Very singular examples of dimidiation are afforded by the arms which appear on the seals of the CiNQUE Ports (Plate IV., fig. 6), and on those of the Borough of Great Yarmouth. In these the dexter half of the escucheon consists of the arms of ENGLAND dimidiated, and the sinister-half is occupied by an azure field, charged in the case of the CiNQUE Ports with three ships hulks argent in pale, and in that of GREAT Yarmouth with three /lerrings in pale argent. In both cases only the hinder halves of the charges appear, and they are united at the palar line with the bodies of the three lions of England. An even more curious case of dimidiation is afforded by the arms of the Abbey of St. Etienne at Caen, in which the arms of England and those of the Duchy of NoRMANDY {Gules, two lions passant-gardant or\ were dimidiated, so that in the former half three of the fore-quarters of the lions appear, while in the sinister-half only two of the hind-quarters are represented. (Woodward, Ecclesiastical Heraldry, Plate IL, fig. I.)
In German Heraldry some heraldic monsters which appear as charges originated in the practice of dimidia- tion ; and to it Mr Planche considered that even the double-headed eagle of GERMANY might be due. The seal of Alice, sister of William of Holland (elected King of the Romans), and wife of Jean d*Avesnes, Count of Hainault (d. 1255) bears her ^^^ standing between small figures of an eagle displayed and a lion
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rampant On her counter-seal the eagle and lion are conjoined by. dimidiation (Plate II., fig. 6).
An eagle and lion, dimidiated and conjoined under one crown, occur on the seals of Lesek Czarny, Duke of Poland (c, 1255); of King Wladislaw Lokielet (1315) ; of Hedwig (1386) ; of her husband and successor
Wladislaw Jagellon (Ladlslas V., Duke of Lithu- ania); of Wladislaw III. (Ladislas VI.) 1438; and of Alexander of Livonia, in 1502.
The arms of several of the provinces of POLAND afford similar examples. The Duchy of SlERADZ, or SiRADIA, bore : (?r, an eagle displayed and a bear sejant sable, conjoined by dimidiation, and surmounted by an open crown. The Palatinate of SiRADiA bore : Argent, a bear sejant sable, dimidiated and conjoined with an eagle dis- played gules. The Palatinate of Breslau had the same tiearings as SlERADZ, but sometimes without the crown. (Plate IV., figs. I, 2.) The Palatinate of KlOViA (KljOW) had in an azure field the still more curious com- bination of a mounted knight and a dimidiated bear, beneath an open crown. PODLACHIA had a similar com- bination of a knight and a dimidiated eagle, in a golden field {v, Spener, Opus Heraldicum, p. spec, p. 696). A considerable number of the noble families of Frisia bear arms formed by dimidiation. Usually it is the Imperial Eagle-displayed which figures in the dexter-half of the escucheon. The family of DOUMA bears : Per pale or and gules, a demi-eagle sable, dimidiating a rose argent. The Counts of Cammerstein in Thuringia, bear : Per pale,
1. The arms of the ¥.yi^\KE,dimidiated as above; 2. Argent^ a/ess embattled gules The Barons of Hummelberg in Carinthia bear: Per pale, i. The Empire dimidiated;
2. Gules, a bend argent. The Imperial Eagle thus dimidiated also forms part of the arms of several German cities. N URN BERG impales it with, Bendy argent and gules ; Memmingen, with Argent, a cross
ri.A Tf VI
MABSU.U.IJN(i AMD AUOUENTATION.
3. D. uT Nortbuml
>. U.rkgrav« ut l;>.l.'ii
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gules ; Kaufbevern, with Azure, a bend gules (sic) between two estoiles or, etc. The Saxon family VoN Drandorff dimidiate Azure, a/ess argent, with Azure, a Jleur-de-lis gules (sic). (These two would be counted in England armes-fausses,) The arms of Geneva are those of the Empire, dimidiated with Gules, a key in pale argent, wards in chief.
The Wappenrolle von Zurich contains several dimidia- tion examples of the fourteenth century. In No. 237, the Suabian family of SCHWABEGG bear : Gules, an eagle dis- played argent; dimidiated with Barry of eight or and gules. In No. 312, the family of LOCHNOW use: Or, an eagle dis- played gules, armed sable ; dimidiated with Or, afess sable, (Nos. 118, 119, are other examples, but are unnamed.) Lastly, the reigning Dukes of Anhalt still bear en sur- tout above their quartered shield, the arms : Argent,an eagle displayed gules ; dimidiated with the arms of Saxony {Barry sable and or, over all a cranqelin in bend vert ; see the Wappenrolle von Zurich, No. 19) and Plate XI., fig. 2.
At Bologna in the Loggia dei Mercanti I noted the arms of GRAS.SI (1462) in which the arms of the Empire are dimi- diated with those of the family : Gules, an eagle displayed argent, crowned or. The Angevin rastrello {cf. Plates XIX., fig. 6 ; VI., fig. 6, a label of four points gules, with three golden fleurs-de-lis between the points) surmounts the latter coat. This curious example combines the GUELPHIC and Ghibelline insignia {see Vol. I., p. 129). {See Schiller's Wallenstein, Act III., scene 3, for a fanciful account of the dimidiation of the arms of Egra.)
In the Church of the Ara Cceli at Rome, in one of the Savelli monuments on the west side of the south tran- sept, are mosaic shields of the Savelli arms, and also the following (beneath the effigy of a Bishop) : — Or, a lion and eagle displayed, both dimidiated and conjoined in pale gules,
A rather curious dimidiation occurs in the arms of the Pisan department of Terriciola ; Azure, on a mount in
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base an olive tree proper ; a chief per pale gules and argent^ thereon t/te Pisan cross (Vol. I., Plate XV., fig. 12) difni- dialed and conjoined in pale with the lily of FLORENCE (Vol. I., Plate XXXIII., fig. 7).
The arms of the Florentine compartimento of Santa Croce are composed from the arms of the city of Florence {Argent, a fleur-de-lis florefiqt^e gules) ; and those known as the arme popolare {Argent ^ a cross gules), both being dimidiated and conjoined in pale {Le Arvii dei Municipij Toscani, Firenze, 1864).
(B) Simple Impalement. — The curtailing of the charges which dimidiation involved was found to be practically inconvenient, as rendering the bearings on the dimidiated coats somewhat uncertain. Chevrons were thus (as in two cases quoted above) converted into bends : and cantons, or quarters, were liable to disapposr altogether. Accordingly impalement without dimidia- tion, though itself not free from inconveniences, was the usage which met with general acceptance in these lands. Instances have been already given which show that this custom went on concurrently with dimidiation.
As early as 1263 the counter-seal of Blanche de Navarre bears a shield charged with Albret {Gules plain), impaling Dreux {Chequy or and argent, a canton emtine). (MORICE, Bretagne, Ixxxi.) It must be remarked here that in early times impaled coats appear as a rule only on the seals of ladies. In opposition to modern ideas we find that it was the wife who impaled her husband's arms with her own, not the husband who impaled the wife's. The precedence is often given to the arms of the wife. See the seal of Devorgilla DE Balliol on page 75 ; and compare the arms of Elizabeth de Clare as given in the coat of Clare Hall, Cambridge ; and also those of Mary, Countess of Pembroke (de Valence impaling St. Pol, both dimidiated), on the foundation seal of Pembroke College.
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A similar example is afforded in 1392 by the seal of Marion, wife of Sir William Dalziel ; on it are two coats impaled, the dexter bears a saltire with a cinquefoil in chiefs the sinister tlie naked man of Dalziel (Laing, 1., 131). Thesealof Philip Hampton in 1442 is curious: It bears per pale, {^Paly of six {or and azure) for GURNEY ; (b) Azure, a bend between six fleurs-de-lis {pr\ for Hampton. The owner of the seal was husband of Alice, daughter and heiress of Walter Caldecote, by his wife JOAN l)E GURNEY, heiress of estates which thus came to HAMPTON.
The shield which appears on the seal of the husband usually contains his own arms only. Impalement was so much a feminine usage that in Men^tRIER's Abrig^ M/t/wdique the impaled coat is styled *^ ecu defemmeT " Usually males quartered the arms of their wives or ancestresses from whom they acquired their lands ; whilst impalements were practically the general bearings of married women who took an immediate interest in their husbands' lands by right of dower. The practice of husbands impaling their wives* arms, whether heiresses or not, probably arose near the close of the fifteenth century. Even now it is laid down that the arms of a wife should not in general be borne upon the husband's banner, surcoat, or official seal." — ("77/^ old Heraldry of the Perciesl' by Mr Dyer Longstaffe in Arclueologia jEliana, vol. iv.)
There are indeed a few early instances in which a man used an impaled coat ; not however to indicate his own marriage but to denote his parentage.
Thus, about 1290, the counter-seal of Geoffroi DE Brabant (son of Henry, Duke of Brabant, by his Duchess, Alice of Burgundy), bears a shield on which are impaled the arms of the two duchies : — Sable, a lion rampant or, for BRABANT ; and. Bendy of six or and azure, a bordure gules, for BURGUNDY-ANCIENT.
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(In the last named coat the bordure is not removed at the palar line as in modern usage to be hereafter noticed.) So also, about 1300, LouiS, Count of Nevers, son of Robert de Bethune, Count of Flanders, by YoLANTE, daughter of Eudes of Burgundy, bore on
his secretum a shield impaling the parental coats, viz., Burgundy-ancient (the bordure engrailed for differ- ence), and Flanders {Or, a lion rampant sable). This is a curious arrangement, the place of honour being given to the maternal coat, in which the engrailed bordure for difference is also worthy of remark. It should be noticed that in the present case the bordure is removed at the palar line, unlike the example quoted immediately above. LOULS (DE Cressy) Count of Nevers and Rethel, and afterwards of Flanders (as LoULS II.), son of the above LouiS and YOLANTE, married MARGARET of France, daughter of Philip V. Her counter seals bear Flanders impaling France- ancient, but on one of them France has the precedence. (Vree, GMalogie des Comtes de Flandre, plate xcviii.) The seal of Matilda de Barnack, wife of Sir Ralphe de Cromwell of Tateshall, in 1370, bears a shield per pale : — {a) Ermine, a fess {gules) for Barnack ; {b) a chief diapered, and a -baton, for CROMWELL. (See Cat, of Seals in Brit. Mus,, vol. ii.. No. 9097 ; the Editor does not appear to be aware of the practice referred to, though several examples appear in his own pages ; he therefore concludes that " the impalement is reversed by error of the engraver.")
In Britain impalement was practised chiefly by Queens and ladies of Royal Houses, who bore their husband's coat in the dexter, their paternal coat in the sinister, sonxetimes on a shield, sometimes on a lozenge. In process of time husbands occasionally impaled the coat of the wife with their own, if she were an heiress, though then it was more usual to quarter the
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arms in this case. The present usage of English Heraldry which concedes to a husband, for his life-time, the privilege of impaling his wife's arms with his own though she be not an heiress ; and even of arranging the arms of successive wives in the same escucheon, is comparatively modern, and the latter practice is in my opinion not at all a commendable one.
Even when it is desirable to indicate a series of alliances this is better done by shields accoUs than by impalement, which often cramps the bearings in both the coats thus conjoined. The general modern Continental usage is in this respect much more satisfactory from an artistic point of view than our own.
Where impalement is used in Continental Heraldry it often originated in marriage with an heiress, but it rather takes the place which quartering holds with us, as it assumes a permanent, not a merely temporary signifi- cance. Thusthelmperialarmsof AuSTRlA(Plate XXVII., fig. i) contain three coats impaled : (i) Hapsburg, Or^ a lion rampant gules ; (2) AUSTRIA, Gules, a fess argent ; and (3) Lorraine : Or, on a bend gules three alerions argent. So in the arms of the Duchy of Carinthia, the arms of Austria, just described, are impaled with the arms of SUABIA {Or, three lions passant sable), (They appear on the seal of Ottakar, King of Bohemia in 1246. See HUEBER, Austria lllustrata, tab. iv. ; and ante, p. 68, the coat of the Burg-grafin of NURNBERG.) The position of these two impaled coats is sometimes reversed.
On the Continent impalement was used in a much more general way than among ourselves, as will be readily seen by the inspection of a series of Imperial seals ; or by such an exposition of the Imperial quarter- ings as may be seen, for instance on the splendid Cliemin^e in the Palais de Justice at Bruges. On the Imperial seals Austria is sometimes impaled with Burgundy, sometimes with Castille; Jerusalem with Hungary ;
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Arragon with Sicily. In these, and a multitude of other instances, the design was obviously not to com- memorate any special matrimonial alliance, but to give to the coats thus impaled a clearer definition than would be obtained in a large shield of many quarters. So the arms of the Counties of Flanders and Tirol were very generally conjoined by impalement in a single escucheon, borne upon the former great shield of the quarterings of the House of Austria ; this was done merely for convenience, and by no means as indicative of a marriage between a Count of Flanders and a Countess of Tirol (which as a historic fact never took place), though such an alliance would be denoted according to our modern British notions, by their impalement. It is curious that even in England the seals of Queen Elizabeth, and James I., for the County Palatine of Chester, and the County of Flint, bear the quartered shield of the Royal Arms impaling those of the County of Chester {Azure, three garbs or). {Catalogue of Seals in the British Museum, Nos. 4805, 4808.) Alfonso, Count of Toulouse, younger son of King Louis VIII. of France, in 125 1 sealed with France-ancient, impaling : Gules, six castles or, three, two, one. His brother ClIARLES, of Anjou, King of Naples and Jerusalem, used to impale the arms of those kingdoms (viz., FRANCE- ANCIENT, a label gules, for Naples, and Argent, a cross-potent between four plain crosslets or, for JERUSALEM). CHARLES, King of Hungary, grandson of Charles I., of Naples, bore : Tierccd in pale, HUNGARY, NAPLES, JERUSALEM. His brother John, Duke of DURAZZO, used simply Naples, differenced by a saltire gules over all
William of Wolffenbuttel, and his brother Magnus II. used, after 1367, the arms of BRUNSWICK : Gules, two lions passant or, impaled with those of LUNE- BURG ; Or, semd of luarts gules, a lion rampant azure.
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In later times these coats were impaled or quartered indifferently (see Grote, Gesc/iic/ite der Welfisc/ien Stanivt- wappen^ p. 47; Leipzig, 1863), and the impaled coats continued to form ''das Kleine Wappen'' of the Duchy of Brunswick so long as it remained independent. {See Plate XXIX., fig. 2.)
The seal of Albert, Count Palatine of the Rhine J'^ ^3S3» has a shield containing the arm6 of Bavarl\ (Bendy lozengy argent and azure) impaling those of the Palatinate of the Rhine {Sable, a lion displayed, double queui or, crowned gules), (See Austria ex archivis Melli- censibus illustrata, plate xviii., fig. 10, fol. Lipsiae, 1722.)
The Dukes of Cleve often bore Cleve impaling Mark {see Maurice, Toison d'Or, plate 1.). The coat of the family of DES Ursins was usually impaled with the coat of Baux : Gules, a star of twelve points argent.
Another very curious and interesting exampleisaffbrded by the arms of the Landgraves of Leuchtenberg, now extinct. They appear to be : Per pale argent and azure a fess counterchanged ; and are often so blazoned. Spener, however, points out {Opus Heraldicum, pars spec, lib. 1., p. 214) that really we have here two coats united by impalement. The coat of Leuchtenberg was simply Argent, a fess azure ; but on the extinction of the family of the Counts of Hals, who bore : Azure, a fess argent, the Emperor Wenceslas conferred the fief, which had lapsed to the crown, on the kindred Land- graves of Leuchtenberg. (It will be noticed that these two coats arc otherwise interesting as an example of differ- encing by change of tincture, vide ante, p. 1 3). Henceforth the Landgraves of Leuchtenberg bore both the coats united by impalement. The original coat of Leuchten- berg alone appears in the arms of the present Dukes of Leuchtenberg, Princes of Eichstadt and Roman- OFFSKI in Russia, who are allied to the Imperial House.
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In these, and many other cases, impalement was really equivalent to quartering ; and in foreign armory it continues so to be. There are a multitude of instances in which a Parti coat is borne, and has been borne for generations. It very likely at first commemorated a marriage, and the consequent acquirement of possessions ; but it now simply has the effect of a quartered coat. (The Counts ZU Bronchorst for generations continued to impale with their own quar- tered coat the quartered coat of the County of Eberstein ; part of which was acquired by the marriage
of Count John II. with Sibylla von Eberstein.
Another case is that of the Princes of SCHWARZBURG, who impaled the quartered coat of the Counts of HOHNSTEIN, vide infra, p. 1 13). This is especially the case in Spain, where impalements to denote a special marriage are rarely used as they are with us. For instance, the Cordovas, Marquises of Priego, bear impaled two of the many coats which appear in the escucheon of the Cordovas, Dukes of Sesa. Their arms are : Per pale : (i) Cordova, Or, three bars gules ; (2) FiGUEROA, Or, five fig leaves in saltire vert. The Mendozas, Counts of CORUNA, impale Mendoza with FiGUEROA as above. The Mendozas, Counts de Priego, impaled : (i) Car- RILLO {Gules, a castle triple-towered or) with Mendoza ( Vert, on a bend or, a bendlet gules).
The Dukes of GUELDKRS early united by impalement their own arms, Azure, a lion rampant qiie^ii fourch^e or, with those of the County of JULIERS, Or, a lion rampant sable (and, according to German fashion, turned their lion to the sinister to face that of JULIERS, so that the lions appear as if combatant).
Originally, even in England, impalement did not invariably imply marriage. On the tomb of THOMAS, second Lord Dacre, K.G., at Lanercost, is a series of impaled and quartered coats containing the arms borne
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by himself, and his wife, Elizabeth, heiress of Grey- stock. (He quartered MULTON, Vaux, and MORVILLE : she, Grevstock, Grimthorpe, Ferrers, and Bote- LER.) Of the escucheons one contains BOTELEU impaling Vaux (the arms of two heiresses) ; another includes Greystock quartering Vaux. According to modern notions these impalements would be absurdities, as they do not denote direct intermarriage. (See Archceo- logia ^liana, iv., 149.) A curious instance of an official coat in which impalement did not imply marriage is found in the seal of Sir Giles Daubeny, and Sir Reginald Bray, in 1497, Justices in Eyre of the forests citra Trentham. It bears a stag's head caboshed, having between its antlers a large shield of Daubeny impaling Bray. {Cat. of Seals in Brit, Mus., ii.. No. 6792.) The coat invented by English Heralds at a much later period, and assigned by them to Edward the Confessor {Azure^ a cross-patonce between five martlets or), was not only assumed and impaled in the place of honour with his own hereditary arms by Richard II., but was also assigned by him to be similarly used, either with or without a difference, by some of his kinsmen. Thus,
Thomas Mowbray, K.G., Duke of Norfolk, impaled
the undifferenced coat ; THOMAS, Duke of SURREY, used it with the addition of a bordure ermine; John Holland, first Duke of Exeter, and Henry Boling- BROKE (in his father's lifetime), both differenced it wilh a label argent^ and impaled it with their own arms. This seal of HENRY BOLINGBROKE is curious. Per pale, {h) also per pale, (a) the arms attributed to EDWARD THE Confessor, differenced by a label argent; (b) FRANCE and England quarterly, differenced by a label ermine, (B) BOHUN. As a parallel to this curious arrangement of the labels we may quote from Willement's RolL There SCROPE, Earl of WILTSHIRE, quarters the arms of the Isle of Man differenced by a label argent, with
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SCROPE, differenced by a label gules; (SCROPE had bought the Island in 1392 from the Earl of SALISBURY, who reserved the right of using its undifferenced coat. See also the seal of Edward, Earl of Rutland, Plate XXIV., fig. 4).
A remnant of dimidiation has survived in the practice of omitting in impaled coats those portions of the bordures and tressures contained in them, which would naturally be adjacent to the dividing, or palar, line of the shield. This is an early custom of which we have already seen examples, (p. 88), but there are many instances in which the bordure, or tressure, is carried right round the coat impaled {see also pp. 79, 87). On the brass in Westminster Abbey, of Alianore DE BOHUN, Duchess of GLOUCESTER, 1399, the silver bordure of her husband's difference runs right round the coat of France-ancient and England quartered. It is impaled with the BOHUN arms: Quarterly: I and 4. A sure ^ a bend argent coticed or, between six lions rampant of the last, 2 and 3. Gules, two bendlets, the upper or^ t/ie lower argent.
Notice also the curious example in Xh^ Roll of Anns of Richard II. (1392-97) where the coat of Thomas, Duke of Gloucester, is given as : Quarterly, i.
France-ancient ; 2 and 3. England ; 4. Bohun.
A bordure argent surrounds the first three quarters only. (BOUTELL, Heraldry, Historical and Popular, p. 163.)
On the seal of Thomas Holland, Earl of Kent, to whom as already recorded, Richard II. assigned the arms of Edward the Confessor, differenced by a bordure ermine, to be impaled with his paternal coat ; the bordure of this augmentation, as well as that of his own arms (which were England, a bordure argent), remains entire. We have the continuous bordure also
on the seal of Joan Beaufort, daughter of John, Earl of Somerset, and Queen of James I. of Scotland,
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to whom she was married in 1424. She bore SCOTLAND, impaling her personal arms: FRANCE and ENGLAND quartered^ within a bordure company argent and asure, (Laing, Scottish Seals, i., 44.) The seal of BEATRICE of Portugal, Countess of ARUNDEL and SURREY, in the reign of HENRY V., bears her arms impaled with those of her husband the Earl, but with her own Castilian bordure unbroken. The arms of Catharine of Braganza, Queen of Charles II., were also sculptured with the bordure entire. This appears also to have been the Portuguese custom. The bordure of Castile appears entire on the seal of LEONORA of Austria, wife of Emmanuel, King of Portugal, in 1497. So is it also on the seal of ISABELLA of PORTUGAL, third wife of Philip le Bon, Duke of Burgundy, in 1430. (Vree, GMalogie des Comtes de Flandre, pp. 125, 134.)
In Spanish coats at the present day the bordure often remains unbroken, even when, as in the example sub- joined, two bordured coats are impaled. Dabancasa bears : Escudo partito, el i^ cTAsur y un Icon rampante de orOy bordadura de este metal cargada de una cadena de azur; el 2^ de Plata y bordadura de gueules y oclw cabezas de dguila de oro (PiFERRER, Nobiliario de Espafla, No. 259).
As for the tressure, it was systematically dimidiated in the Royal Arms during the period in which the coats of England and Scotland were borne impaled {i.e. from the Union with Scotland in 1707, to the Union with Ireland in 1801), and the incomplete tressure is also to be found on the monument in Westminster Abbey to MARGARET, Countess of Lennox, grand-daughter of Henry VII., and mother of Henry, Duke of Albany, and of Lord Darnley, second husband of Queen Mary of Scotland.
On the other hand earlier usage prescribes the retention of the tressure unbroken. It is entire on the
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seal just referred to of Queen Joan Beaufort ; on that of Mary of Guelders, Queen of James II. ; also on the seal of Trinity Collegiate Church in Edinburgh, founded by the last-named Queen ; on her arms sculptured in St. Giles' Church, Edinburgh, impaled with those of her husband (curiously the tressure is incomplete at the top, see The Historical Notices of the Church in the Cartulary of St, Giles^ published by the Bannatyne Club, 1859, and The Story of St. Giles' Catliedral Churchy Edinburgh, by WiLLlAM Chambers, LL.D., 1879, p. 9) ; on the painting at Holyrood of the arms of MARGARET of Denmark, Queen of James III. in 1485 ; on the seal of Mary, Queen of Scots in her first widowhood ; and in the whole series of impaled coats of the Queens of Scotland in Sir David Lindsay's Annorial MS. of the reign of James V. Another armorial MS. in the Lyon Office dimidiates the tressure for all except Mary, In a like series of the arms of the Queens of Scotland, in the same MS. the bordure-gobony in the personal arms of Queen JOAN Beaufort is left entire.
In British Heraldry a widow continues to bear her husband's coat impaled with her own, but usually places the combined coats in a lozenge, instead of in a shield.
Before leaving the subject of the combination of arms by dimidiation, it is necessary to point out that this was not only effected by impalement, but, in a few rare instances, by other divisions of the shield. The last coat emblazoned in the most valuable and interesting fourteenth century MS. the Wappenrolle von Zurich^ No. 559, affords an example, unfortunately unnamed, in which the dimidiation is not by impalement hut per bend. The coat (No. 559) is: Per bendy in chief Or, a lion rampant-gardant dimidiated gules ; in hdiSt, Bendy-lozengy argent and azure (the arms of Bavaria). It seems to
HABSHALLINO.
1. Vui iW liodsD.
3. Oirua, Duo d'OMOiw.
4. SUel von Holitein.
*m.
tt. OordoT*, Cuutiti of FipuTMk
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me exceedingly probable that this is the coat of a person of high, but illegitimate, descent. The arms of Beier also appear to be formed by dimidiation per bend : Per bend (i) Or, a wild boar saliant sable ; (2) Chequy in bend or and sable.
In the Herald and Genealogist^ vol. ii., p. 560, is a woodcut of a coat of arms, which appears upon a portrait of the year 1665, and which affords a curious example of the dimidiation of two coats per bend sinister. The coats thus treated are : in chief, Gules^ on a chief argent three mallets penclUs sable. In base, Argent^ on a mound a tree proper ^ senestr^ of a stag gules rampant against t/ie trunks and browsing on its branches. In the Genealogist, new series, vol. v., p. 207 ; nearly a quarter of a century after attention was directed to it, I was able to assign the arms to two families of the name of Van der Linden ; the one Barons d*HooG- VOORST; the other settled at Dordrecht. (Plate VII., fig. I.) Another example is afforded by the arms of the Barons von KiTTLlTZ which is now borne : Perbcvd sinister, in chief. Or, a bull rampant dimidiated sable ; in base, Gules, three bends argent. This coat is reversed in SlEBMACHER, Wappenbuch, i., 29. Another instance of dimidiation per bend sinister is to be seen in the arms of the Chapter of TOULOUSE.
One curious use of impalement also remains to be noticed. On the Continent the arms of an unmarried lady of high rank were sometimes represented in the sinister half of a lozenge, the dexter half being left uncharged. These were called Arms of Expectation, and the dexter half was left to be filled by a future marriage. On the seal of Margaret of Austria, Duchess of BURGUNDY in 1495, fiancee to Charles VIII. of France, her arms are on a lozenge of which the dexter half is left blank, the sinister being disposed thus : Quarterly, i. AUSTRIA {Gules, a fess argent^ ;
VOL. IL H
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2. Burgundy-modern; 3. Burgundy-ancient; 4. Brabant. Over all on an escucheon^ Flanders {vide p. 98, and Vree, Gen, Com, FL^ p. 130.) On the seals of Isabella, Infanta of Spain, Countess of Flanders, daughter of PHILIP II. of SPAIN, in 1598 her arms are thus represented. It is curious that on the joint seal of herself and her husband, Albert, Arch-duke of Austria, in 1599, his arms are represented on an escucheon, while hers are still depicted on the sinister side of a lozenge, of which, as in the previous instance, the dexter side is left blank. (Vree, de Seghelen der Graven van Vlaendren^ plates xcv. and xcvii.)
Occasionally in Foreign Marshalling the coats of two families are conjoined /^ry^jj instead oi per pale ; thus the family of VAN DER HOUVEN VAN OORDT in Holland, bears : Per fess (a) in chief the arms of VAN OORDT, Ory three fers de moulin sable ; (b) in base^ those of VAN DER HouvEN : Azure, a crescent argent surmounted by a star of eight points or ; on a chief the last three saltires couped gules.
In Spain such combinations happen not unfrequently. In the example as given on Plate VII., fig. 5, the arms of Don Alonzo Fernandez de Cordova, Count of FiGUEROA, Knight of the Golden Fleece, are tierced in fess ; but in the earlier form of the coat as given in Maurice, No. ccix., for Don Pedro Fernandez DE Cordova, Count de Feria,and Knight of the Golden Fleece, the shield is Per fess, and the CORDOVA bars are in the place filled later by the bars of Ribera {y, p. 92). In Scotland the coat granted to Lawrence- Archer is composed of the arms of the two families united, thus. Per fess (a) Azure, three arrows, ARCHER; (b) Lawrence, Argent, on a cross-raguly gules a saltire couped or.
Quartering, in its simplest form, is the dividing the shield into four equal sections by a vertical and
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a horizontal line, intersecting each other in the middle point of the escucheon.
The earliest example known to me of the use of quartered arms is afforded by the seal of JOANNA of PONTHIEU, second wife of FERDINAND III., King of Castile and Leon, in 1272. This vesica seal bears on its reverse the triple- towered castles of Castile and the rampant lion of Leon, repeated as in modern quartering. There is no separation of the quarters by a pourfilar line (this is a peculiarity which has already been noticed as existing in the early quartered coats of Holland five-and-twenty years later, vide ante^ p. TJ^ The lion in base is contoume, a usage which still prevails in many similar cases, particularly in German coats {v. Vol. I., p. 233.) It is curious to note that when Baldwin, Count of Hainault, became Count of Flanders in 1191, his new subjects did not permit him to quarter the coats of FLANDERS and Hainault, but insisted on his discontinuance of the latter. So also his brother PHILIP, Marquis of Namur, was compelled to bear FLANDERS only, with a proper difference.
HOEPING'S assertion (quoted by NiSBET, ii., 86) that the arms of CASTILE and Leon were borne quarterly by Ferdinand of Castile, who espoused Sancha of Leon, circa 1065, is unsupported by any evidence. Arms were not used in Spain at so early a date.
Thcquartered shield of Castile and Leon issculptured in Westminster Abbey on the monument erected to Ferdinand's daughter, Eleanor, first Queen of Edward I., who died in 1290; it appears also on the monumental crosses at Waltham and Northampton. According to usual custom, the coat of Castile occupies the first and fourth quarters of the shield ; that of LEON is placed in the second and third. (Examples are extant in which this order is inverted.)
The Roll of Edward II. (1308-13 11) gives the first
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known English example of the use of a quartered coat by a subject. It is the coat of Sir Simon de Montagu. The first arid fourth quarters are Argent, with ^^ Us dannces de gaules'* (that is, the present fusils in fess are blazoned as a fess dancette, or engrailed) ; the second and third are: Azure, a griffin rampant or. In 1348 John de Hastings, Earl of Pembroke, quartered Hastings {Or, a manndu gules) with VALENCE : Barruly argent and azure, a bordure of martlets gules ; but in 1322 the inventory of the property of Humphrey de Bohun, third Earl of Hereford, specifies a quilt on which his arms are quartered with those of his wife, ELIZABETH Plantagenet, daughter of Edward I. Quarterings are, however, only rarely found on seals, excepting on those of very great personages, in the fourteenth and even in the fifteenth century. The sixteenth century was the time of the great development of the practice. The earliest example of a Scottish quartered coat seems to be that of Walter Leslie in 1367, on which LESLIE : Argent, on a bend {azure) three buckles {or) is quartered with Ross. (Laing, i., 496, Scottish Seals.)
In Brittany the seal of GuY DE Laval in 1356 bears Montmorency, quartering Jive /leurs-de-lis. Barry . . . and . . ., over all a bend, is similarly quar- tered by Jean de Laval, Seigneur de Chastillon, in 1358. (Morice, rHistoire de Bretagne, tome i., pp. 141, 143.)
In the series of seals engraved in Hueber's Austria Illustrata, the earliest bearing a quartered coat is that of Friedrich von Azenpruk, in 1350.
When three coats have to be marshalled, they ordi- narily occupy the first, second, and third quarters, and the first coat is repeated in the fourth. This arrange- ment is familiar to all in our own Royal Arms, where England occupies the first quarter, Scotland the
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second, Ireland the third, while England is repeated in the fourth quarter. There are, however, examples of a different arrangement. In the escucheon of the arms of Elizabeth of York, Queen of Henry VII., on his tomb in his chapel at Westminster Abbey, the first quarter is occupied by the quartered arms of FRANCE and England, the fourth by that of Mortimer, while both the second and third are charged with the coat of Ulster : (9r, a cross gules, (Plate IV., fig. 4.)
Should the coats to be thus marshalled be four in number, each naturally occupies a single quarter of the shield. Thus, on the reverse of the seal of Isabelle of France, Queen of Edward II., each of the four coats of England, France, Navarre, and Champagne (Asure, a bend argent coticed potent-counter-poient or) occupies a single quarter of the shield.
When more coats than four are to be represented, the shield is divided by horizontal and vertical lines into spaces, which are still called quarters, how many soever they be. For five coats the shield would be divided into six portions by two vertical and one horizontal line (or, if preferred, by one vertical and two horizontal lines), and the first coat would usually be repeated in the last quarter to make the number equal — a course which would not be needful if the coats to be quartered amounted to six. In Foreign Heraldry it is usual to specify the number and position of the lines by which the shield is divided. Thus, while an English herald would say simply. Quarterly of six, and leave it to the painter's or engraver's taste to arrange the quarterings in three rows of two, or in two rows of three, a French or German herald would ordinarily specify in distinct terms the arrangement to be used, thus : " Coupi d'un trait, parti de deux autres, qui font six quartiers ; " or " Das .... Wappen besteht aus einem zweivial quer und eininal senkrecht getheilten SchildeJ' Provision
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would similarly be made for any larger number of quarterings.
In modern British Heraldry the usual reason for quartering is to indicate descent from an heiress, or from more than one, who has married into the family. If there be but one her arms appear in the second and third quarters : if more than three (whose coats could of course be placed in a plain quartered escucheon) the shield is subdivided sufficiently to make room for all ; and the arms of the heiresses occupy quarters corresponding in position to their seniority in point of time ; though in olden days priority was sometimes given to quarterings indicative of a royal descent, or to the coat of some powerful heiress. If the number of divisions cannot be made conveniently to correspond with the number of coats to be thus accommodated, the difficulty is removed either by the omission of some of the less important coats, or by the repetition of the first quarter in the last place in the escucheon. Again, it may happen that one of the heiresses whose arms are to be quartered, herself bore a quartered coat, in this case the quarter appropriated to her contains her whole bearings, the shield is then said to be counter-quartered {contr^-icartel^\ and the quarter itself is called a Grand-quarter, Grand quarterings are composed of several quarters which having been constantly borne together to indicate the representation of several families become in course of time virtually a single coat. Thus the quartered arms
of Howard, Brotherton, Warren, and Mowbray,
have become a grand-quarter common to all the branches of the ducal family of Howard.
John of Coimbra, Prince of Antioch, Regent of Cyprus, was grandson of John I., King of Portugal, who married Philippa of Lancaster. Having espoused Charlotte de Lusignan, heiress of Cyprus
( I03 )
and Jerusalem, he bore : Quarterly of four grand- quarters : I. Jerusalem; II. Quarterly, i and 4. Portugal ; 2 and 3. France and England quarterly
(apparently Jrt:«j brisure)\ III. Armenia, Or, a lion rampant gules ; IV. CYPRUS, Argent, a lion rampant double-tailed gules, crowned or. En surtout LusiGNAN : Barry of ten argent and azure, over all a lion rampant double-tailed gules, crowned or. (5^^ Vol. II., Plate X.,
fig. 3)
The coat of the Earls of NORTHUMBERLAND as gener- ally borne, and still used by the Dukes {v. Vol. II., Plate VI., fig. 3), IS an example of the old style of Marshalling. The coat is: Quarterly of four Grand- Quarters —
I. and IV. Quarterly, i and 4. Or, a lion rampant azure,
Percy.
2 and 3. Gules,threelucieshauriant argent, LuCY.
I I, and III. Azure, five fusils in f ess or, Percy-ancient. The original coat of PERCY (Vol. I., Plate XIX.,
fig. 12) was doubtless allusive to the name. In the Roll known as Glover's Roll, Henry de Percy bears: d'Azur, d la fesse engrele d*or, and PlERS PERCY the reverse. (This was the ordinary blazon of a fess fusily at that time, v. Vol I., p. 134.) Henry de Perci bears : Azure, five fusils in fess or, in the Roll known as St. George's Roll. This coat appears in the ACRE Roll early in the thirteenth century: and with some differences of tincture in other ^^//r. Or, five fusils in fess sable, are attributed to ROBERT DE Perci ; and to Walter de Perci, Azure, five fusils in fess argent. But in the Second Nobility Roll, which contains the names and arms of the Barons, etc., summoned to the Parliament held at London, 27 Edward I. (1299), HENRY Percy, Baron of TOPCLIFFE, bears the coat : Or, a lion rampant azure. There can be little doubt that the new coat was
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adopted on this Baron's marriage to ELEANOR FiTZALAN, the daughter of his Lord-Paramount, JOHN, Earl of Arundel, whose arms were : Gules^ a lion rampant or. The blue lion on the golden field which is assigned to Henry de Percy (of Alnwick), first Baron, in the Roll of Caerlaverock, and appears on the seal of his letter to the Pope in 1301. The assertion in the Peerages that the change was made in consequence of a marriage of a JOSCELINE DE LOUVAINE to Agnes, a PERCY heiress, is pure fable. Late in the fourteenth century the first Earl of Northumberland married the sister and heiress of Lord LuCY, who settled on him extensive estates on the condition that the LuCY arms should be quartered with those of Percy. The counter-quartered coat in the I. and IV. of the escucheon described above, represents this alliance ; and at a later date the original PERCY coat was resumed and placed in the II. and III. quarters. {See "The Old Heraldry of the Percies," by Mr LONGSTAFFE, in Arcliceologia ^liana^ vol. iv. ; and The Pedigrees and early Heraldry of the Lords of Alnwick, by Tate and LONGSTAFFE, 1866.)
Modern usage permits the use of the family quarter- ings by all the sons of the family, but in this case the mark of cadency should be placed by the younger sons in the centre of the quartered coat, and not on the paternal quarter only.
Modern English Heralds have discouraged the use of grand quarterings ; and advised that the quartered coat of an heiress should be separated into its component parts, and each of the quarterings be made to follow in turn her paternal coat. There are many cases in which such an arrangement would be quite inappropriate ; eg,, when there is, as in some Scottish shields, a feudal escucheon borne en surtout above the quartered coats ; or, when the quarters virtually form one composition by
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being enclosed within a bordure, assumed as a mark of difference, or cadency.
Very rarely quartering is effected per saltire^ as in the arms of SiCiLY {v. p. 124), and in some other coats of Spanish origin (Vol. I., Plate XXXVII., fig. 12). The Cardonas bore two coats impaled : — (A) Per saltire, in chief and base, Or, four pallets guleSy Arragon ; in dexter flank, Gules, three thistles argent; in sinister flank, Anjou. (B) The arms of the Counts of Urgel : Per saltire, Arragon ; and Oiequy or and sable, for Urgel {See Vol. II., Plate VII., fig. 3, and Salazar y Castro, Casa de Lara, ii., p. 168). (For the coat Ecartel^en sautoir of the Pfalsgrafin SOPHIA, Abbess of QUEDLIMBURG, 1 645 -1 680, see my Ecclesiastical Heraldry, p. 348.)
In Foreign Heraldry the base of a quartered shield is not unfrequently cut off* by a horizontal line, forming what is known as a champagne, {v. Vol. I., p. 131) and the space thus made is occupied by one or more coats. At other times a pile with curved sides runs from the base some distance into the quartered shield, which is then said to be ent/ en point (v. Vol. II., Plate VI., fig. i ; Plate XXVI , figs. 9, 10), and this space is devoted to the display of one or more quarterings.
The main diff*erence between British and Foreign usage with regard to quartering is this, that in England quarterings are usually employed to denote simply descent from an heiress, or representation in blood ; in Scotland they also implied the possession of lands. This was so much the case that though the third Marquess of MONTROSE (d. 1684) married Lady Christian, younger daughter and co-heiress in blood of John Leslie, Duke of Rothes, yet, as she did not share in her father's lands, her arms have not been quar- tered in the MONTROSE escucheon as they would be now. In foreign coats the quarterings are often employed to denote the possession of fiefs acquired in other ways
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than by marriage {e.g,^ by bequest or purchase), or the Jus expectationiSy the right of succession to such fiefs in accordance with certain agreements. For instance, treaties of Erb- Verbriiderung were common in Germany, by which two nobles agreed that on the failure of the line of one, the representatives of the other line should succeed, either wholly or in part, to the possessions of that which had become extinct (On these Pacta SMccessioniSy which conveyed the immediate right to use the arms of the expected possessions, consult Knips- CHILD, de Nobilitate, ejusque Juribus^ 1693, ^"d his other treatise, de Fidei Commissis,) It was by such a treaty of Erb' Verbriiderung \h?i\.y in 1632, the Counts of Waldeck came into possession of the County of Pvrmont (vide post, p. 114).
This treaty was with the Counts of Gleichen. Pyrmont was a fief of the See of Paderborn, and was held by the Counts of Spiegelberg, who acquired it from the Counts of SCHWALENBERG. On the death of the last Count of Spiegelberg, in the middle of the sixteenth century, the Prince-Bishop of PADERBORN claimed PvRMONT as a lapsed fief. The Counts of LiPPE opposed this, and sold their reversionary rights to the Counts of GLEICHEN. On the death of the last of these in 163 1, Pvrmont came to Waldeck as above stated, but with a right of reversion on the part of the See. Similar treatises were not unknown in Scotland. Mr Stodart (in Scottish Arms, ii., 47) tells us how Alexander, first Earl of Home, and his kinsman, John Home of Coldingknowes, mutually entailed their estates (including the Earldom) on one another, failing heirs male of their respective bodies. The contract was reduced at the instance of jAMES, second Earl, who was childless, but had two sisters, on the ground that Coldingknowes had sold part of his estate, and burdened the rest. But on the Earl's death, jAMES, of Colding-
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kriowes, the heir-male and grandson of John, raised an action against the co-heiresses, and the decree of re- duction was reversed in 1634, on the ground that the entail was for the preservation of the dignity and estate of the house of Home.
THE ESCUCHEON SURTOUT.
Another mode of marshalling came into use some time after quartering, namely, the placing a small escu- cheon en surtout upon the centre of the quartered coat. In 1404 John, Count of Flanders, son and heir of Philip the Bold, Duke of Burgundy, added to his arms the coat of Flanders en surtout, being the arms of his mother, Countess Marqaret. He thus bore : Quarterly, I and 4. France, within a bordure-gobon^ argent and gules (Burgundy-modern) ; 2 and 3. Bendy of six or and azure, a bordure gules (Burgundy-ANCIENT) ; en surtout. Or, a lion rampant sable (Flanders). (Vree, de Seghelen der Graven van Vlaendren, p. 30.)
This coat continued to be thus borne up to the time
of the marriage of MARY of Burgundy with Maxi- milian of Austria, in 1477. But in 1430 Philippe le Bon introduced into his main escucheon the arms of the Duchies of BRABANT and LiMBURG, not as separate quarters, but by impaling them respectively in the second and third quarters with the arms of BURGUNDY-ANCIENT {cf. Vol. II., Plate XVI.). The coat then read thus :— Quarterly, i and 4. BuRGUNDY-MODERN (as above) ; 2. Per pale: — (a) BURGUNDY-ANCIENT; (b) Sable, a lion rampant or, BRABANT ; 3. Per pale (a) BURGUNDV- ANCIENT ; (b) Argent, a lion rampant gules, crowned or, LiMBURG. Over all, Flanders (as above). It will be noticed that this curious arrangement illustrates what has been already said in the previous section about the Continental use of impaled coats. Charles, Count of Charolois, eldest son of Philippe le Bon, before his
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accession to the Duchy as Charles le Hardi^ bore his father's arms differenced by a label, but without the escucheon of FLANDERS ; a remarkable omission. {See Maurice, Toison <fOr, No. 24.) On his seal, ^/Vca; 1430, Adolph of Cleves places the arms of his wife, Anne of Burgundy (a natural daughter of Philiite le Bon), in an escucheon upon his quartered coat of Cleves and Mark. Her arms are : Quarterly^ i and 4. Azure, a single fleur-de-lis {or) ; 2 and 3. BURGUNDY-ANCIENT ; over all FLANDERS. (This is a very noteworthy example ; and it is also instructive to notice that their son, PIIILIP DE Ravestein, placed a similar escucheon charged with the full Burgundian quarterings, without any mark of bastardy, above his quartered , coat of Cleves and Mark.)
The arms of Maurice of Nassau, Prince of Orange, were thus arranged : Quarterly of four Grand-Quarters —
I. and IV. {v, p. 81), Quarterly, i and 4. Chalons ;
2 and 3. Orange ; ^^r/?// Geneva.
II. and III. Quarterly, i and 4. NASSAU (p. 81).
2. Or, a lion rampant gules,
crowned azure, Katz- enelnbogen ;
3. Gules, a fess argent, VlAN-
DEN ;
4. Gules, two lions passant or,
DiETZ ; over all Saxonv. This escucheon en surtout was assumed to denote his descent from the House of Saxony, through his mother, Anna Maria, daughter of Maurice, Elector of Saxony.
Pierre de Beauffremont, created first Count de CilARNY in 1425, twentieth knight of the Order of the Golden Fleece (one, therefore, of the original members
( I09 )
of the Order at its foundation in 1429), bore : Quarterly^ I and 4. Vaire or and gules, Beauffremont ; 2 and 3. GuleSy three cinquefoils or, Vergy : (the latter coat being quartered for his mother, JEANNE DE Vergy) ; but upon these coats he placed, en surtout, the coat of his maternal great-grandmother, GuiLLEMETTE DE Charny, Gules, three escucheons argent. He married in 1447, Marie DE Bourgogne, another natural daughter of Duke Philippe le Bon. Other Low Country instances of the use of the maternal arms en surtout have been noticed in the preceding chapter (pp. 59, 60).
In England, Richard, Duke of York (d. 1460), father of Edward IV., bore en surtout upon his seal, the arms of his maternal grandmother JOAN, daughter, and eventual heiress of THOMAS HOLLAND, Earl of Kent (England, a bordure argent). His own arms were: France and England quarterly, differenced by a label argent, on each point three torteaux (perhaps derived from the Wakes his maternal ancestors.) However, two English instances may be pointed out of the same century, in which a husband placed his wife's arms, and not those of an ancestress, en surtout. These are afforded by the Garter Plates of Sir John Neville, Lord Mon- tagu, afterwards Marquess of MONTAGU (elected K.G., circa 1463), and of RICHARD Beauchamp, fifth Earl of Warwick and Albemarle (elected K.G., circa 1400) ; but it was not until about the beginning of the seventeenth century that the practice arose by which the husband of an heiress places his wife's arms in an escucheon en surtout upon his personal arms, whether his coat be a quartered one or not. Such an escucheon acquired the name of an " escucheon of pretence," and is borne by the husband of the heiress alone (properly only after her father's death, and not then unless she has issue by the marriage); the children who issue from the marriage bear the coats of both parents united, not in this way, but by
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quartering. GuiLLiM, the first edition of whose work, A Display of Heraldry, was published in i6i i, gives his sanction to the *' escucheon of pretence ;" but when Sir George Mackenzie's Treatise on Heraldry appeared — in 1680 — the usage was only beginning to be heard of as a novelty in Scotland, and is alluded to thus: — "If a man marry an Heretrix, he himself impales only her arms ; but his children procreat of that marriage quarters {sic) them .... Sometimes also (says Guillims) he who marries an Heretrix may carry her arms in an escutcheon upon his own, because the husband pretends that his heirs shall one day inherit an estate by her ; it is therefore called an escutcheon of pretence ; but this way of Bearing is not known abroad upon that occasion." {Science of Heraldry, chap, xxiv., pp. 80, 81.)
In the Heraldry of the Continent of Europe, it has long been the custom for an elected Sovereign to place his hereditary arms in an escucheon en surtout above those of his dominions. This was the invariable custom of the Emperors of Germany, and of the Kings of Poland. Thus John Sobieski (John 1 1 1, of Poland) placed above the arms of that kingdom : {Quarterly, i and 4. Gules, an eagle displayed argent, crowned or, POLAND ; 2 and 3. Gules, a knight in full annour proper, mounted on a white horse, bearing in his right hand a drawn sword, and on his left arm a shield azure c/iarged with a patriarchal cross or, LITHUANIA), an escucheon of his personal arms. Or, a routid buckler purpure. The Kings of Sweden, of the houses of Hesse, Vasa, and, in modern times, Bernadotte, have done the same (see Det Svenska Riks Vapnet, af Hans Hildebrand; Antiquarisk Tidskrift for Sverige, 1883) ; and the Kings of Denmark thus bore the arms of Oldenburg, etc. {See Plate XIX., fig. i.) As having obtained the crown by popular election the Kings of the Hellenes also place en surtout upon the arms of the Greek kingdom
( "I )
{Azure, a Greek-cross couped argent), an escucheon of their personal arms. Otho, the first king, thus bore the Bavarian arms ; the present King GEORGE, a prince of Denmark, thus uses those of that kingdom. The Royal Arms of our own country furnish us with a similar example in the case of WILLIAM III., who placed the arms of NASSAU (p. 8i) en surtout, upon the quartered coat of these realms. {See Plate XXVI., figs. 6, 7.) Under the Commonwealth the Great Seals of OLIVER Cromwell and his son Richard, as Protectors, bear a shield of arms: Quarterly, I and 4. Argent, a cross gules, for England ; 2. Azure, a saltire argent, for SCOTLAND ; 3, Azure, a harp or, stringed argent, for IRELAND ; and upon these quarterings en surtout an escucheon of the personal arms of CROMWELL : Sable, a lion rampant argent, {See Plate X., fig. 5.) These arms were supported by the crowned lion of England, and the dragon of WALES. After 1801 the quartered arms of the family of Brunswick-Luneburg, which from 17 14 had formed the fourth quarter of the Royal Arms, were placed en surtout, {See Plate XXVI., figs. 9, 10.)
The escucheon en surtout has also been used in other Royal Arms as indicative, not of election, but of descent. Thus, on the accession of PHILIP, Due d'ANjOU, to the throne of Spain, his arms (France, a bordure gules) were placed en surtout above : Quarterly, i and 4. Castile ; 2 and 3. Leon. Ent^ en point of Granada
{Argent, a pomegranate gules, slipped and seeded proper) ; and these are the present Royal Arms of Spain. During the brief reign of King Amadeo of Savoy there was substituted for the escucheon of Anjou, the arms of Savoy {Gules, within a bordure azure, a cross argent), with the intent to denote election, not inheritance.
Since the extinction of the main line of the Royal House of France by the death of the Comte de Cham- BORD in Aug. 1883, the Spanish Bourbons, who descend
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from Philippe, Due d'ANjou, grandson of Louis XIV., appear to have discontinued the use of the Angevin bordure, which, however,had become gradually diminished on the Spanish coins to a width scarcely exceeding that of ih!& pourfle dividing the quarters. It appears also tl.at the late Comte de Paris and the other princes of the House of Orleans dropped the use of its silver label. The political intent of these heraldic changes is obvious.
The arms of the princes and princesses of our own Royal House are charged en surtout with an escucheon of their paternal arms of SAXONY (Plate XH., fig. 6), and in future reigns this escucheon will probably form part of the arms of the Sovereign.
Our arrangement of grand quarters in which the same coat is repeated four times, as in the arms of PERCY, Duke of Northumberland (Plate VI., fig. 3), is almost unknown among the Germans (the coat of the Counts of Mansfeld is an exception), but when quarters are re- peated they sometimes adopt a different arrangement, of which an example will be found in the shield of the Prince of Waldeck and PvRMONT (Plate VII., fig. 6). In it, and in the shield of the Counts of GlECH, both of which are Quarterly of nine, the quarters i and 9, 2 and 8, 3 and 7, 4 and 6 correspond. In the arms of the Counts von Herberstein (Tyroff, Wappen cies Adds des Konigreichs Baiem^ i., 47) which are : — Quarterly of six (in three horizontal rows of two quarters), with an escucheon e7t surtout^ the quarters which correspond are I and 4, 2 and 5, 3 and 6. In the arms of the Counts of SOLMS we have really two coats impaled, each being quartered : (A) Quarterly^ I and 4. Or^ a lion rampant azurCy SOLMS ; 2 and 3. Per fess gules and or, MUNZEN- BERG. (B) Quarterly, i and 4. Or, a rose sable, WlL- DENFELS ; 2 and 3. Sable, a lion rampant argent, SONNEWALDE. If this be regarded as a single coat of
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eight quarterings, those which correspond are i and 6, 2 and 5, 3 and 8, 4 and 7.
To our ideas of Marshalling the coat of the Counts zu Cronberg (Plate VI., fig. 4) is strangely arranged, though it is a simple coat of four quarters (with an escu- cheon of the Empire en surtout as an Imperial Augmen- tation) : Quarterly^ i and 4. (9r, a fess gules^ County of Hohen-GerolDSECK ; 2. Two rows of Vair {Beffroi ?\ on a chief gules an open crown or, 3. Two rows of Vairy on a champagne gules an open crown or (both 2 and 3 are for Cronberg). But we find from Spener, Opus Heraldicum, p. spec, 103 (where the Imperial diploma of Ferdinand II., 1663, is given) that the Cronberg quarters are really a canting coat, " ein quartieter Schild, dessen hinter unter und vorder obertheil roth oder Rubinfarb, der hinterste ober und vorder untertheil aber weisz oder Silberfarb ist. In dem hindern untern und oberen vordem jed-wedern erscheinet eine Konigliche goldfarbe Cron. In dem vordern und obern hindern theil aber vier blaue paarweisz neben einander in Glockengestalt gesetzte BERG," etc.
The arms of the Princes of ScHWARZBURG are a curious example of German blazon. They consist, first of all, of two quartered coats impaled : — • (A) Quarterly, i and 4. Or.an eagle displayed sable, h\K^-
STADT. 2 and 3. Argent, the attire of a stag gules,
SONDERSHAUSEN.
En surtout. Azure, a lion rampant crowned or, for
SCHWARZBURG.
(B) Quarterly, i and 4. C/iequy gules and argent, HOHN-
STEIN.
2 and 3. Per fess: (a) Gules, a lion ram- pant or, and{h)Barry of eight or and gules, LauterbURG. En surtout, A rgent, a stag trippant sable, Kletten BERG.
VOL. II. I
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Over these impaled coats is a narrow cross of alternate narrow bends, Azure^ or^ and sable^ the perpendicular piece divides the quartered coats, and the traverse passes under the two escucheons en surtout On the centre of the cross is a larger escucheon en surtout containing, as an Imperial augmentation, the Imperial Arms, the crowned double eagle having on its breast a small escucheon, Gules^ cJiarged with a princely Iiat proper. The base of the whole escucheon is occupied by a champagne: — Or^ thereon a pitchfork^ and beneath it a horse-comb^ both fesseways gules. These are the arms of the Office of Reic/is-Stallmeister held by the Lords of Leutenberg.
In the arms of the princely houses, and higher
nobility of Germany, the shield is often charged with
a number of quarterings, and with an escucheon en
surtout. This latter is borne for different reasons ; and it
will be interesting to note the principal of these, and
give an example or two of each. The quarterings are
usually those of the several fiefs on account of which the
bearer had the right to sit and vote in the Diets, or
Circles, of the Empire : and often the principal, or
original, fief of the family is placed en surtout. Thus the
Counts of Waldeck (who received the title of Prince in
1682 and 17 1 2) bore : Quarterly of nine y i and 9. Argent y*
a cross moline guleSy County of Pyrmont {vide ante^
p. 106) ; 2 and 8. Argent ^ three escucheons ^ tivo and one^
gules y County of Rappolstein ; 3 and 7. Argent, three
raven's /leads couped at the neck sable y crowned or. Lordship
of Hoheneck ; 4 and 6. Argent y semi of billets couches
azurCy a lion rampant guleSy crowned ory Lordship of
Geroldseck. The fifth (or central) quarter is concealed
by the escucheon e7t surtout of the arms of Waldeck : Ory
an eight-pointed star sable. (Plate VII., fig. 6.) So
the Markgraves of Baden formerly bore : {see Plate
VI., fig. 5), Quarterly, i. Argent, a lion rampant gules
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{later crowned or) Landgravate of the Breisgau. This lion faces to the sinister, in accordance with the German fashion by which in quartered coats animals are often made to face to the centre of the shield {vide ante^ p. 99 ; and Vol. I., p. 233 ; and cf, GUELDERS, ante, p. 92) ; 2. Azure, an eagle's wing in fess argent (the feathers turned to the base), with golden Klee-Stengel, Lordship of USEN- BERG (otherwise Sausenberg ; 3. Gules, on a pale or, three chevrons sable. Lordship of Badenweiler ; 4. Per fess (later wavy) or and azure; tlie latter charged with two bars wavy argent, and the former with a lion rampant gules issuing from the partition line. Lordship of RoTELN {cf the old form on Plate XV., fig. 3). En surtout an escucheon for the Markgravate of Baden : Or,a bend gules. In later times many other quarterings were added to the shield, and the arms of Baden were made to occupy its centre quarter without being placed on a distinct escucheon en surtout. The great shield of the Grand Dukes of Baden (who attained that dignity in 1806), contains thirty quarterings ; but generally only the simple coat of Baden {Or, a bend gules) ensigned with a Royal Crown, and supported by a sable griffin, and a golden lion (both regardant and royally crowned) is in use. The arms of Saxony are often displayed en surtout in the quarterings of the several Sovereign Saxon States.
Similarly, the shield of the Princes of LiCHTENSTEiN used to bear the quartered arms of i. Saxony ; 2. Czernabor, Gules, a cJievron, the upper edge having tall teeth, or straight rays or; 3. Troppau, Per pale argent and gules ; 4. SiLESiA {v, p. 267, v.i, p. 122, but without the cross) ; 5. JAGERNDORFF, Azure, a hunting-horn stringed or ; the last being the enti en point. The arms of LiCHTENSTEiN : Per fess or and gules, were placed en surtout. Later the quarterings of the main shield were: i. SiLESiA ; 2. SAXONY ; 3. Troppau ; 4. RiET-
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BERG {v. Vol. I., p. 310) ; enti of JAGERNDORFF ; and, as before, LiCHTENSTEiN en surtouL
Some of the escucheons borne en surtout in Germany do indicate possessions acquired by marriage ; but usually in times far remote from the present. Thus the Dukes, now Grand-Dukes, of MECKLENBURG, still place the arms of the Lordship of Stargard (which are : Per fess gules and or, and which
Henry the Lion, of Mecklenburg, obtained
by his marriage with Beatrice, daughter of ALBERT Markgrave of Brandenburg, in 1220) in an escucheon en surtout above their main coat {Quarterly of siXy in three rows of two each: i. MECKLENBURG, Or, a bull's head affront^ sable, crowned gules; its horns, and the ring in its nose, argent ; 2. RoSTOCK, Azure, a griffin or; 3. Schwerin-Principality, Per fess, (a) Azure, a griffin or ; (b) Vert, bordered argent ; 4. Ratzeburg, Gules, a cross-moline argent; 5. SCHWERIN-COUNTY, Gules an arm in armour embowed, issuing from the sinister flank and holding a gem ring all proper, a scarf tied round the elbow azure ; 6. Werle, Or, a bull's head in profile sable, crowned gules, horned argent.
The Princes of Arenberg (who bear : Quarterly, I and 4. Gules, three five-leaved floivers {fleurs de n^flier) or, for the Duchy of Arenburg ; 2 and 3. Or, a fess c/iequy of three rows argent and gules, for the County of Mark) ; place in an escucheon en surtout the arms of LiGNE ; Or, a bend gules, quartered with those of Barbanc^ON : Argent, three lions rampant gules, crowned or This is a curious example, inasmuch as the arms en surtout are those of the husband, not of the wife ; for Margaret, sister and heiress of the last Count of Arenberg, married Jean, Baron of Ligne and Bar- BAN^ON, who obtained the dignity of Prince of the Holy Roman Empire in 1565.
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The Counts of Reckheim, who claim descent from the house of EsTE, which bore : Azure^ an eagle displayed argent ; place that coat en surtout upon their quartered shield: — i and 4. GuleSy a cross or (County of ASPER- MONT) ; 2 and 3. Or, a lion rampant gules (County of Reckheim). (Vol. II., Plate XX., fig. i.)
The Princes of Lamberg descend from George SiGlSMUND, Baron of Lamberg, who. married at the commencement of the seventeenth century, Johanna, daughter and heiress of JOHN Scaliger (della Scala), and still bear her arms en surtout upon their quartered coat: — I and 4. Per pale: (a) Barry of four argent and azure ; (b) Gules plain, LAMBERG ; 2 and 3. Ory a hound rampant sable, collared argent, for POTTWEIN. In Trier's Einleitung zu der Wappenkiinst, p. 491, the ScALA coat in the Lamberg arms has also a mount in base vert, on which the greyhounds and cadder rest, but this does not appear in the modem blazons.
The Counts of Kesselstadt place their paternal arms : Argent, a basilisk passant gules, in an escucheon en surtout upon the simple coat of the family of Orsbeck (now extinct in the male line), from which they descend : Or, a saltire gules between four nenuphar leaz^es vert (Tyroff, Wappenbuch, i., Band. Taf. 59).
The foregoing examples will probably be found sufficient to illustrate the German use of Marshalling with regard to coats borne en surtout ; on account of the possession of fiefs, by marriage or otherwise.
On the use of this escucheon as a mark of difference, or cadency, see p. 34, as an indication of the tenure of an official dignity, see p. 146, and as containing special grants in augmentation, see Chapter III.
But before leaving this part of the subject we may here notice that the great German quartered coats sometimes bear several of these escucheons en surtout.
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Thus in the great escucheon of the quarterings of the Royal House of PRUSSIA {Das grosse Stoats- Wappen\ four such separate escucheons appear upon the palar line, bearing respectively the arms of Prussia ; Brandenburg ; Nurnberg ; and Hohen- ZOLLERN. In the smaller escucheon in ordinary use
I.
IV.
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VTII. Fio. 12.— The **Ecu-Complkt" of the Au8TRIan Empire.
{Das kleine Wapperi) as given on Plate XXIX., only the coat of Prussia is thus treated, the other three being * placed as ordinary quarterings.
The 6cu CoMPLET of the Empire of Austria, as established by Imperial decree in 1836 by members of
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the Imperial House, will be of interest to the student of heraldry, which is really history in hieroglyphics.
Quarterly of nine Grand-Quarters (containing sixty- two quarters) : —
I. Quarterly —
1. Dalmatia, Kingdom : — Azure, three leopard's
lieads affront^s, crowned or.
2. Croatia, Kingdom: — Cluquy argent and gules.
3. ESCLAVONIA, Kingdom : — Asure, a river in fess
vert, bordered argent, tJtereon a weasel (or
Fio. 13.-FB01I Ntabt, a Brraldika, p. 38.
marten), passant proper, beneath a six-pointed star or. 4. Transylvania (Siebenbukgen): Per/essasure and or, over all a bar gules, issuing therefrom a demi-eagle displayed sable, addextri in chief of the sun in splendour, and senestr^ of a crescent argent. In the base, seven towers, three and four, of tlu third. On this grand quarter is placed en surtout an escucheon, crowned with the Crown of St. Stephen, {vide infra, fig. 21, and p. 260) and bearing the impaled coats of the Kingdom of
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I20
)
Hungary. The coat of Hungary-ancient,
if correctly blazoned, always begins with the colour, not with the metal, and is: Barry of ^^^M gules and argent (it is sometimes, drawn as Gules^ four bars argent). The bars are said to represent the four Hungarian rivers — the Danube, Save, Drave, and Theiss ; — just as the triple mount symbolises the three chief peaks of the Carpathians ; but all this is mere supposition. The mount in HuNGARY-MODERN should be of three coupeaux ; it is so borne on a separate shield in the Great Seals of R£N£ of Anjou and his successors ; but in them is represented
Fig. 14.— From Ntaby, A fferaldika.
as an isolated mount, and the cross rises without the intervention of the crown, which was a later addition. {See Vr£e, GMalogie des Comtes de Flandre^ plates cv., cvi. ; and com- pare the seals of the Emperor FERDINAND, plates cxxxiii., cxli.) and our figs. 13, 14, 15. 1 1. Quarterly of eleven quarters (in three rows of four, three, and four) : — I. Upper A\}STRIK:— Per pale, Or, an eagle dis- played sable , dimidiated with: Gules, two pallets argent.
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2. Salzburg, Duchy: — Per pale: — (a) Or, a lion
rampant sable, (b) AUSTRIA : Gules, a fess argent,
3. Styria, Duchy : — Vert, a griffon rampant, queu^
fourc/i^e, argent; vomiting flames proper, and crowned or; originally the arms were canting ones, and the " Stier'' a rampant ox.
4. The Teutonic Order : Argent, a cross-patie
sable, bordered of the field, and charged with a crosS'flory or; over all, an escucheon of the last an eagle-displayed of the second,
5. Tyrol, County : Argent, an eagle-displayed
gules; crowned, and having '' Klee Stengeln'' on tlu wings, or,
6. Trient, Principality : Argent, an eagle-displayed
sable, beaked and membered or, its breast traversed by a pastoral staff in fess of the last,
7. Brixen, Principality : Gules, a Paschal-Lamb
proper, the diadem or,
8. Hoiien-Embs, County: Azure, a steinbock or,
homed sable,
9. MONTFORT and F'eldkirch, County : Argent, a
gonfanon gules, its rings or {vide Vol. I., p. 389).
10. Bregenz, County : Azure, a pale ermine, or Fur
au naturel, a pale ermine {vide Vol. I., p. 83).
1 1. SONNENBERG, County : Azure, a hill in base or,
surmounted by tlie sun in its splendour. Overall on an escucheon : — AUSTRIA-ANCIENT : Azure, five larks (or eaglets) displayed or. These arms are now assigned specially to Austria-below-the-Enns, This escucheon en surtout is crowned with the Arch-ducal crown of AUSTRIA: — a cap of crimson velvet, turned up with a broad band of ermine cut into points which are edged with gold and a row of small pearls. Like the coronet of the
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Prince of Wales, it is surmounted by a single arch of gold, supporting a mound, or orb, which is ensigned with a jewelled cross. III. Quarterly of five (in two rows, two quarters in chief and three in base) : — I. Moravia, Markgravate: ^,5»rfr, an eagle-displayed, chequy gules and argent, crowned or.
Pig. 15.— Fboh Nyabv, A Heraidilca, p. 87-
2. Silesia, Principality : Or, an eagle-displayed sable
crowned of the field, on its breast a crescent beneath a crosslet argent.
3. Upper-LUSATIA, Markgravate: Azure, in base a
wall embattled or, masoned sable.
4. TescHEN, Duchy: Asure, an eagle-displayed,
crowned or. 5- Lower- Lu SAT! a, Markgravate : Argent, an ox passant proper {i.e., red, with white belly and black horns). Over all, an escucheon charged with the arms of the kingdom of BOHEMIA (to which the above named provinces belonged): Gules,' a lion
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rampant queue-fourcJUe argent^ crowned or. This escucheon en surtout is surmounted by the Royal Crown of BOHEMIA {vS, p. 259).
IV. Quarterly of five (two quarters in chief, and three
in base) : —
1. CUMANIA : Azure, a lion rampant gules^ in the
dexter chief a crescent, in the sinister an estoile of six points, both argent,
2. Bosnia : Gules, issuing from the sinister fiank an
arm em bowed proper, vested gules and holding a sabre argent.
3. Bulgaria ^ : Azure, on a bend gules, bordered and
coticed argent, a wolf passant of the same,
4. Servia ^ : Gules, a boards head erect proper, pierced
by an arrow in pale argent,
5. Rascia : Azure, three fwrse-shoes inverted argent,
V. Tierced in pale : —
1. HapsburG, County: Or, a lion rampant gules,
crowned azure,
2. Austria: (^* Hauswapen'') Gules, a fess argent,
3. Lorraine, Duchy: Or, on a bend gules three
allerions argent.
VI. Quarterly of eight (in three rows, the first of two quarters, the others of three in each) : —
1. Jerusalem : Argent, a cross-potent between four
crosslets or,
2. Castile : Gules, a castle triple-towered or,
3. Leon : Argent, a lion rampant gules, crowned or,
4. Arragon : Or, four pallets gules.
5. The Indies: Azure, a lion rampant argent,
crowned, and holding a cross or. This coat appears here among the arms brought to the House of Austria on inheriting the Spanish Crown, but is not usually seen on the coins or
^ As independent states Bulgaria and Servia have adopted different arms.
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seals of the latter country. It occurs first on the Great Seal of Charles VI., among whose titles is " Indiaru: Rex."
6. Sicily: Per saltire: iti chief and base yh.^^hGO^\
in flanks y Argent y an eagle-displayed sable,
(Sicily.)
7. Calabria, Duchy : Sable^ a cross argent This
coat which is often quartered with Arragon is thus given by RiETSTAP {Armorial GMral) ; but in the arms of Don FERDINAND d'Arra- GON, Duke of Calabria, Viceroy of Valencia, it appears as : Quarterly^ i and 4. Arragon ; 2 and 3. Argent, a cross-potent sable. (Chifflet, Insignia Gentilitia Equitum Velleris Aurei, No. 161, and Maurice, Toison d'Or, page 192) so also Spener says : " Dicitur vero tessera Cala- briae olim fuisse in parma argentea crux pati- bulata nigra " {Op, Her., p. spec, p. 237).
8. Naples, Kingdom : France-ancient, a label
gtiles (the arms of the Dukes of Anjou). VH. Quarterly: —
1. Tuscany, Grand-duchy : Or, five balls gules, two,
two, one, in chief another of larger size, azure, t/tereon three fleurs-de-lis of the field (the arms of the Medici ; Vol I., p. 203).
2. Modena, Duchy : Azure, an eagle-displayed
argent, crowtied or.
3. Parma and Piacenza, Duchies : Or, six fleurs-
de-lis azure (the arms of the Farnese family).
4. GUASTALLA, Duchy : Argent, a cross patee-
throughout gules between four eagles displayed sable (the arms of the family of GONZAGA, Dukes of Mantua, etc.). Over all an escucheon, for the kingdom of LOMBARDY and Venice. Per pale: {a) MILAN, Duchy : Argent, a serpent ondoyant in pale azure.
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crowned or, vorant a child gules ; (J)) VENICE, Azure, the winged lion of St. Mark, couchant and holding in its paws an open book bearing the
words "Pax tibi Marce Evangelista Meus." This escucheon en surtout was crowned with the *' Iron Crown'' of LOM- BARDY, a plain circlet of gold, enamelled with floral decoration and set with gems {v, p. 252). VIII. Quarterly of eleven (arranged in three rows ; the upper rows each contain four quarters, but the base has two only, and is ent^ en point of a third).
1. Carinthia, Duchy ; Per pale : (a) Or, three lions
passant-gardant in pale sable ; (b) Gules, a fess argent.
2. Carniola (Krain), Duchy: Argent, an eagle-
displayed azure, on its breast a crescent cliequy of the field and gules.
3. Windische-Mark : Argent, a hat sable, turned
up and stringed gules.
4. FriouL (Friuli), Duchy : Azure, an eagle dis-
played, crowned or.
5. Trieste; Per fess: (a) in chief. Or, an eagle-dis-
played sable crowned of the field ; {b) in base, Gules, a fess argent, thereon an anc/wr in pale, reversed sable.
6. ISTRIA, Marquessate ; Azure, a goat passant or,
anned gules.
7. Gradisca, County : Per fess or and azure, over
all a cross moline argent.
8. GORZ, County : Per bend ; in chief. Azure, a lion
rampant or ; In base, Argent, two bends-sinister gules.
9. Ragusa, Duchy : Argent, three bends azure.
10. Cattaro (or Albania) : Argent, a Hon ram- pant gules.
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II. Zara, Duchy (this quarter is the one "in point"): Argent, a mounted knight in full armour, his lance in pale all proper. Over all, the arms of Illyria (Kingdom) Azure, an antique galley or. This escucheon is sur- mounted by an antique crown of golden rays. IX. Quarterly: —
1. LODOMIRIA: Azure, two bars cJiequy gules and
argent,
2. Cracow: Gules, an eagle-displayed argent, armed,
crowned, and with " Klee-stengeM' or,
3. Auschwitz, Duchy : Argent, an eagle-displayed
azure,
4. Zator, Duchy : Azure, an eagle-displayed argent. Over all an escucheon of tJu Kingdom of QiMAQXk :
Azure, a fillet in ^///(^ (otherwise a bar enhanced^ gules, between a crow sable in chief and three ancient crowns or, in base. This escucheon is surmounted by a Royal Crown.
This great shield is placed on the breast of the sable double-headed eagle in the golden shield of the Empire. Each of the heads of the eagle is royally crowned. It holds in the dexter claw a drawn sword and a sceptre, and in the sinister the Imperial Orb, all proper.
The shield is supported by two griffins Or (their wings and plumage of the head and breast being sable), and above it is the closed Imperial Crown.
I have drawn on Plate XVIII., fig. 6, the shield of arms engraved {c. 1880), by the Office of the Imperial Chamberlain at Berlin for Lady Odo Russell, nee ViLLIERS (Baroness Ampthill). It will be evident that the shield is a combination of her paternal coat with that of her husband. The ViLLlERS cross, gules, thereon five escallops or, is used to separate the four cantons, in each of which are the full arms of RusSELL.
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This mode of marshalling is obviously open to very grave objections. I have no means of knowing whether the official (or semi-official) designer intended to compose a new coat out of the older ones ; or whether it would be right to suspect that he was not acquainted with English heraldic uses, and thought the plan adopted a legitimate mode of combining the arms of husband and wife. But the external ornaments appear almost as anomalous. The shield is placed upon the breast of the Prussian Eagle (crowned, and holding sceptre and orb), and above all is the coronet of a countess: a jewelled circlet adorned with twelve pearls, raised on points, seven of which are visible. These are distinctions to which the fact of Lady Odo Russell's descent from the Earl of CLARENDON to whom the rank of Prussian baron was conceded in 1782, would scarcely entitle her, though the Earl of CLARENDON uses the Prussian Eagle as a supporter. There may be explanations of which I am not aware, hut prtmd facie the whole arrangement appears to me to merit a place among the anomalies and curiosities of Heraldry.
France. — In France the employment of theescucheon en surtout does not differ widely from its use in Germany as already described.
We will first give some instances of important coats in which the escucheon en surtout contains the arms of the family, while the main shield contains the quarters either of its feudal possessions or of its most important ancestors.
The Dues de la TRfiMOUlLLE, who attained the title of " Due et Pair de France" in 1596, and who were already Princes de Tarente ET DE Talmont, bear their personal arms : (Or, a chevron gules between three eagles displayed azure\ en surtout upon the shield : Quarterly: — i. France ; 2. Sicily ; 3. Montmorency- Laval (p. 62) ; 4, Bourbon-Cond£ (France, a baton
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alezi in bend gules). The second and third quarters indicate descent from the marriage of Fran(;;:ois DE LA TrEmouille, Prince de Talmont (d. 1541) with Anne, heiress of Gui, Comte de Laval, whose wife was Charlotte of Arragon, daughter of Frederick, King of Naples and Sicily. The first and fourth quarters commemorate descent in two Knes from the Royal house of FRANCE.
The Dukes de Rohan bore: Quarterly: — i. France, quartering EVREUX (Vol. I., p. 79); 2. San Severino, vide infra^ impaling Arragon ; 3. MILAN, impaling
Lorraine ; 4. Scotland. The Dukes of Rohan- Chabot bear: Quarterly: — i. Navarre ; 2. SCOTLAND; 3. Brittany ; 4. Flanders ; and place en surtout an escucheon of ROHAN {Gules, nine mascles conjoined, 3, 3, 3, or) quartering, or impaling, Chabot {Or, three cfiabots gules). In 1461 John, Vicomte de Rohan, married Mary, second daughter of Francis I., Duke of Brit- tany, by Isabella, daughter of James I. of Scotland. Francis died without male issue, (as did MARGARET, elder sister of Mary), and the house of Rohan indicated their supposed rights to the duchy by either quartering its arms, or by placing a coat bearing the arms of Rohan and Brittany impaled en surtout above their quarterings. In the case of the Dukes de MoNTBASON these were : Quarterly of eight (in two rows of four each) : —
I. France ; 2. Navarre ; 3. Arragon ; 4. Scotland ; 5. Brittany ; 6. Milan ; 7. Lorraine ; 8. San Severing {Argent, a fess gules, and a fillet en bordure azure). The Princes of ROHAN-Gu£MfiN£E bore: Quarterly, the arms of NAVARRE and FRANCE ; over all an escucheon of ROHAN impaling BRITTANY.
On the other hand the Dues de St. Simon quartered the personal arms of ROUVROY St. Simon {Sable, on a cross argent five escallops gules) with those of Haves- QUERQUE {Or, a fess gules), and placed en surtout an
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escucheon of Vermandois {Chequy azure and or, a chief c7/"France-ANXIENT), to denote their claim to a descent from the Counts of Vermandois, cadets of the Royal House.
Spain. — It is only possible here to give a few examples of Spanish uses of Marshalling, though there are many which are of interest. Quartering is the mode chiefly employed for indicating descent, but simple impalement is veryfrequentlysubstituted for it; and in Spanish Heraldry, perhaps more than in any other, the student should be on his guard against assuming that an impaled coat has the meaning which attaches to it among ourselves.
The Mendoza coat, as borne by the Dukes of INFAN- TADGO, has already been given (Vol. I., Plate XXXVH., fig. I2,and p. 411). TheCountsofCORUN A impale with this coat the arms of FiGUEROA, Or, five fig leaves in saltire vert. The Counts of Miranda and Marquises of Ca^ete substitute for the golden flanks, with their motto, other flanks of Gules, on each ten panelles (or poplar leaves), argent, Tzvo golden chains in saltire pass over tlie dividing lines, and are united to two other chains fessways in chief and base. This, it will be observed, is an instance of quartering /^rj^///r^ {inde p. 105). I am not clear to what family \\\^ panelles may be traced, but I cannot accept the suggestion of Spener {Op. Her., p. 254) that they may denote a BOBADILLA alliance.
The Marquises de la Bala SICILIANA, on account of the marriage of Pedro Gonsalez de Mendoza with Isabella de Alarcon in the sixteenth century, impale Alarcon {Gules, a cross-fleury argent) with MENDOZA, curiously giving the precedence to the former coat. The Counts de Priego impale the arms of Mendoza in the first place, with those of Carillo {Gules, a castle triple- towered or) in the second, in memory of the marriage of Diego Hurtado de Mendoza with Theresia de Carrillo {c. 1450).
VOL. II. K
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The family of PONCE DE LEON, Duke of ArcOS, impale the coats of LEON and Arragon within a bordure azure thereon eight escuclieons of BiDAURE {Or^ afess asure). The present blazon of the family of PONCE DE Leon, Duque de Montemar, etc., is : — Per pale: — {a) Leon impaling Arragon, all within the BiDAURE bordure ; {b) Carillo, impaling Albornoz, (?;-, a bend vert.
The family of OsORiOS, Counts of ViLLALOBOS, bore : Or, tzvo wolves passant in pale gules. After an alliance with the family of MOSCOSO, who bore : Argent^ (Spener says or, but wrongly), a wolf's head erased sable, the OSORIOS, Counts of Altamira, impaled these coats (giving the precedence to Moscoso) within a bordure Or, charged with eight escucheons of the anns of Hen- KlQVEZ {Tierced in mantel: — i and 2. CASTILE; 3. In base, Leon). The Osorios, Dukes of Aguiar, Counts de Trastamara, etc., bore : Per fess : — (a) OSORIO ; (b) Argent, three bendlets indented azure, within the Henriquez bordure (as above). The present OSORIOS DE Moscoso, who have the above titles (and many others, being thirteen times Grandees of the first class), bear : Per fess : — [A], also per fess, (a) OsORlO, (b) the argent coat with the bendlets; [B] Moscoso ; the whole within the HENRIQUEZ bordure given above.
The Cordovas, Counts of Figueroa bear: (Plate VII., fig. 5 ) Tierced in fess : —
1. Or, three bars gules, CovsiOW.
2. Tierced in pale : — (a) FiGUEROA ; (b) Or, three bars
vert, RiBERA ; (c) Quarterly, i and 4. MANUEL, Gules, a winged hand tiolding a sword in pale proper; 2 and 3. LEON.
3. Ponce de Leon (as for the Due d' Arcos above). In Spanish Marshalling, as will be seen in the arms
of the Ponce de Leons, etc., coats impaled or quar- tered are frequently represented within a bordure, which
r
!. Ainu or THi Doo« or Vkkk^.
( 131 )
is itself often indicative of another alliance. The PiMENTELS of Spain quarter Or, three bars gules, with Vert, five panelles argent, and surround the whole with a bordure-covipony of CASTILE and LEON. The PiMEN- TELS of Portugal substitute escallops for panelles ; and their bordure is of Argent, charged with eight aspas (saltires coup^d) giiles.
The LlAi^OS of Castile use: Per pale: — i. Argent, a tower proper; 2. Or, four bars azure ; all within a bordure gules, charged with eight plates. Its use in this manner as an indication of descent occasionally causes the bordure and the field to be of the same tincture; thus Caro bears: Argent, a cross fleur-de-lish sable, within a (Guzman) bordure of tlu first, thereon eight cauldrons of the second,
Italy. — In Italy the modes of marshalling do not differ materially from those already described. The arms of the family are often placed en surtout, above a shield of quarterings representing fiefs or alliances. The old Dukes of MODENA used a shield (Plate VIII., fig. i) divided per pale into three parts — Tierced in pale : — i. Per f ess : — (a) {in chiefs the arms of the Empire, as an augmentation ; (b) {in base) FRANCE, within a bordure indented gules and or. Duchy of Ferrara. 2. Gules, beneath the Papal tiara, the Papal keys in saltire wards in chief, the dexter or, tlie sinister argent, their bows united by a golden cord in base. 3. Per f ess : — (a) in chief F ERR AT< A, (b) in base the Empire, as above. En surtout, and occupying the whole width of the central pale, an escucheon of the arms of the family of ESTE ; Asure, an eagle displayed argent crowned or. The Papal pale was an addition to the old quartered coat with its escucheon en surtout. The later Dukes of Modena of the house of Haps- BURG-Lorraine used a coat: Per pale: — {a) Tierced in
pale, I. Hapsburg; 2. Austria; 3. Lorraine; (/;)the
arms of ESTE, but with the eagle holding in its dexter claw a sceptre, and in the sinister an orb of gold.
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The Dukes of Parma similarly tierced their shield in pale : — i. Per fess: — (a) in r///.^FARNESE, Or six fleurs- de-lis, 3, 2, I, azure; (b) in base, AUSTRIA impaling Burgundy-ancient. 2. Gules, the Papal banner, its lance in pale or, surmounted by the Papal keys in saltire, as GON- FALON lERE of the Papal See. 3. Per fess : — (a) in chief,
Austria impaling Burgundy-ancient ; (b) in base,
Farnese. En surtout, and occupying the whole width of the central pale, the arms of PORTUGAL. The impale- ment of Austria and Burgundy denotes the marriage of the Duke Ottavio with the celebrated Duchess Margaret, natural daughter of the Emperor Charles V. The cscucheon en surtout in this case denotes the pretensions asserted by the Dukes of Parma to the crown of Portugal on the death of the Cardinal-King Henry in 1580. These arose from the marriage of Alexander, Duke of Parma, with Mary, daughter of Edward, Constable of Portugal, who was younger brother of the Cardinal-King and predeceased him.
The Dukes of MiRANDOLA bore a quartered shield with in chief the arms of the Empire : Or, a double- lieaded eagle displayed sable imperially crowned proper. The quarterings are: I and 4. Or, a?i eagle displayed sable, crowned of the field, for the Duchy of MiRANDOLA ; 2 and 3. Barry of six argent and azure, over all a lion rampant gules crowned or ^ for the Duchy of CONCORDIA. The two quarters in chief are separated from those in base by a fess gules, and upon it is placed en surtout the arms of the family of Pico, to which the Dukes belonged : Chequy argent and azure.
The full shield of the quarterings of the Doges of Venice is given on Plate VIII., fig. 2, and is an illustration of the use of a series of escucheons placed above the quarterings.
Quarterly of sixteen (in four rows, each of four quarters) : —
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1. Friuli : Azurey an eagle-displayed or,
2. Padua : Argent ^ a cross gules,
3. TrevlsO: Argent^ a cross gules ^ in each of t lie
upper cantons a star of eight points of the second.
4. Belluno : Azure ^ a cross or, in each of the upper
cantons a demi-dragon^ zvings expanded of the last,
5. Verona : Azure^ a cross or
6. Brescia : Argent , a lion rampant azure.
7. Vicenza : GuleSy a cross argent.
8. Feltro : Gules, a castle double-towered argent,
masoned sable.
9. Belgrano : Per f ess gules and or.
10. Crema : Per fess gules and argent.
1 1. Corfu : Azure, the prow of a galley issuant
from the sinister flank or.
12. ZantE: Azure, a hyacinth-flower argent, slipped
vert.
13. Adria: Azure, on a champagne in base vert,
a castle triple-towered argent, masoned, port and zvindows sable.
14. Polesena : Vert, a castle with two towers
argent, standing upon which is the Lion of S. Mark or.
15. Cefalonia: Argent, a cross gules.
16. CheRSO and Osero: Vert, a horse springing
argent.
Over all is a series of five escucheons, arranged in cross : —
A (in chief) Quarterly: i. JERUSALEM; 2. LUSIGNAN; Barry argent and azure, a lion rampant gules, crowned or; 3. Armenia: Or, a Hon rampant gides, on its shoulder a plain crosslet of the fleld; 4. CYPRUS: Argent, a lion rampant gules. This is borne for the kingdom of Cyprus and Jerusalem, and is surmounted by an open crown.
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B (in the centre) the escucheon of Venice crowned with the ducal cap or coronet
C (in base) ISTRIA : Azure, a steinbock statant or^ its Iiorns gules. The escucheon has an open crown.
D (in dexter flank) Candia, or Crete : Per fess : (a) Argent^ an eagle volant sable y holding in its claws a thunderbolt proper (or, as in TRIER'S drawing, a flower slipped, but ?) ; (b) in base, Gules, a centaur springing argent,
E (in sinister flank) Q^^^^^'"^' •' — '• Dalmatia, Gules, three leopards^ heads crowned or ; 2. CROATIA, Chequy argent and gules ; 3. R ASCI A, Or^ three horse-shoes sable ; 4. Albania, Argent, a lion rampant gules.
Both D and E have open crowns above them ; and the whole escucheon is represented under a pavilion of crimson and gold surmounted by the cap or coronet of the Doge of Venice (Plate XX 1 1 1., fig. 23).
The Montefeltros, Dukes of Urbino, bore : Tierced in pale : —
1. MONTEFELTRO, Per fess : — {a) the arms of the
Empire ; {b) Bendy of six azure and or,
2. The Papal Augmentation : Gules, the Papal
standard in pale or, surmounting the Papal keys in saltire, t/ie dexter or, t/ie sinister argent^ tied of the last,
3. Per fess: — {a) ROVERE, Azure, an oak tree with two
brandies nowed in saltire or ; {b) Paly of four: —
(i) Hungary; (2) Sicily; (3) Jerusalem ;
(4) Arragon ; all for SiClLY.
On a crowned helm or, a gateway, argent, with
folding doors thrown open, on the pediment the
words Divo Petro.
Other examples of the separation of the quarters by an
Ordinary are to be met with in Foreign Heraldry^. The
quarterings in the Royal Arms of Sweden are now
separated by a pairle-throughout ^r (Plate XIX., fig. 2).
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This is a modification of a golden cross patie-througJwut formerly employed in imitation of the Danish use recorded below. (^See p. 58, for instances in which the pairle is reversed.) The Counts of HARD in Sweden bear: Quarterly^ i and 4. A sure ^ a lion rampant or^ Jiolding in its fore-paws a silver buckler charged with the cypher XII. sable ; 2 and 3. (9r, a mounted knight proper ^ habited argent. These quarters are divided by a fess Argent; charged on the dexter side with a cypher F sable, royally croTvned, and on tite sinister with a cJiapeau gules. On an escucheon en surtout the arms of the family : Or, a bull's luad caboshed gules.
The Barons of DjURKLOW in Sweden similarly place between their quarterings a fess pat^e argent, and on it en surtout an escuc/ieon, Argent, a bears paw sable, between two lion' s ganibs proper issuant from a mount in base vert. A somewhat similar fess of gules masoned sable, arched (or voutt^e) in base but embattled in chief, is borne upon their complicated escucheon by the Finnish family of
FlEANDT.
Thequarters in the Royal Arms of Denmark have been for many centuries separated by the Cross of the Order OF THE Dannebrog : Argent, a cross pat^e- throughout fimbriated gules. (Sometimes its arms project a little beyond the shield.) In imitation of this a consider- able number of the principal Scandinavian families use a cross pat^e-throughout to separate the quarters of their frequently complicated coats. The quarterings in these are often not indicative of descent, but were all included in the original grant of armorial bearings. On the centre of the cross thus used an escucheon, either of augmentation, or of the family arms, is placed en surtout.
As an example I give the arms of the Barons Stael DE Holstein : Quarterly, i and 4. Gules, two banners in saltire argent, enfiled by a coronet or ; 2. Azure, a lion
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rampant or^ holding with all four feet a Danish axe argent^ the long curved handle oft/ie second ; 3. Azure^ two cannons in saltire or, Tlie quarters separated by a cross path- throughout or. En surtout an escucheon of the arms of Stael : Argent^ eiglit balls in orle gules (Plate VII..
fig. 4).
In the case of the Royal Arms of Denmark this
escucheon is, Quarterly, i. HOLSTEIN; 2. Stormarn ;
3. DiTMARSCHEN ; 4. Lauenburg ; and the impaled
arms of OLDENBURG and Delmenhorst in an escucheon
sur le tout du tout (vide Plate XIX., fig. i).
In other Scandinavian coats a saltire path-throughout is used instead of the cross to divide the quarters. In the arms of the Barons von BergenstrAHLE, the shield is tierced in pairle, and the quarters are divided not by a saltire, but by a pairle diviinuie and patie-throughout or.
A plain cross dividing the quarters, and sometimes charged, is found in the arms of some German families {v, ante,^, 114). Thus the Tirolese Counts d*ARCO bear: Quarterly, i and 4. Azure, three bows or, fesseiuays in pale ; 2 and 3. Or, a bow in pale azure. These quarters are separated by a cross argent, trellised azure. The Counts of HoHENWALDECK VON Maxelrain bear: Quarterly, i and 4. Per bend wavy argent and sable, a bend counter-changed (Maxelk Am) ; 2 and 3. Sable, a lion rampant or (MiNDELHElM). The quarters are separated by a cross patt^e-throughout, on the centre of which is an escucheon en surtout; Argent, an eagle-displayed gules crowned or, its feet resting on two batons in saltire of the second (HOHENWALDECK).
Something similar to this is to be found in Scottish armory. The coat of the SINCLAIR family was Argent, a cr9ss engrailed sable, and was borne en surtout above the quartered coats of ORKNEY and CAITHNESS by the Lords SINCLAIR (Plate IX., fig. 6). The SINCLAIRS inherited the earldoms of ORKNEY and
HABfiHALUNO.
1. Stokrt, Bwl of LMiaox. 3. Stout. Lsrd Hothm.
I.indMjr, DohvatUoDtniM. 4. Ha;, lUrqnU of Twemldkle.
w
Uir. Bftrl of CuUuicm. <■ Lorda SI
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Caithness through female descent from the Norse Jarls of the ORKNEYS. The arms of the Earls of Caithness are thus marshalled: Quarterly, i. Azure, within a Royal Tressure a ship with furled sails all or (Orkney); 2 and 3. Or, a Hon rampant gules (Spar, a family in possession of the Earldom of CAITHNESS before the SiNCLAIRS) ; 4. Azure, a ship in sail or (Caithness); and over all, dividing the quarters, a cross engrailed sable (SINCLAIR). (Plate IX., fig. 5.)
It may be of interest here, as illustrative of what has been said in preceding paragraphs, to notice that the Barons SINCLAIR in Sweden (so created 1766, but extinct ten years later), bore the above quartered coats as cadets of CAITHNESS ; but separated the quarters, not by the Sinclair cross but by a cross patie-through- out ermine. In an escucheon en surtout they placed the Sinclair arms: Argent, a cross engrailed sable ; and, as a mark of cadency, they surrounded the main escucheon with a bordure chequy or and gules. In the Riddarholms Kyrka at Stockholm, the arms of CHARLES, Count Sinclair (who was nominated a Knight of the Order of the Seraphim in the year 1774, and died 1776), are still preserved. When visiting the church in 1893 I made a note of the arms, but I either overlooked the bordure (wj;iich though possible is hardly likely), or it does not there appear.
In the Highlands of Scotland the chieftains assume quarterings which often indicated neither family alliances nor feudal possessions. They rather remind us of the much later fashion by which in Scandinavia a person of merit was not merely ennobled by the grant of a single coat, but had his shield complicated by the addition of a number of quarterings containing military or other charges, but which were not family coats. In these Highland composite coats the quarters were often differently arranged as a mode of differencing the arms
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of cadets. Thus the coat of Macdonald of Slate, the ancestor of the Lords Macdonald, was : Quarterly, L Argent^ a lion rampant gules y anned or ; 2. Azure, a hand proper holding a cross-Calvary path sable; 3. Verty on water proper^ a ship ermine ^ Iter oars in saltire sable ; 4. Parted per f ess-wavy vert and argent, a salmon naiant proper.
We may compare with this the coat borne by Marshal
Macdonald, created Duke of Tarento by Napoleon
1. in 1809 ; Quarterly y l Argent, a lion rampant gules ;
2. Or, a left-hand and arm issuing from the sinister flank liabited gules, liolding a crosslet-fitchie of the last ;
3. Argent, on a sea in base vert, in which swims a salmon of the first, a galley sable its pennons gules ; 4. Argent, a tree vert, surtnounted by an eagle displayed sable. On a champagne in base or, a scorpion sable in bend. On tlie centre-point of the quarters a crescent gules, for difference. Above tlie quarters tlu chief indicating t/ie dignity of Duke of t/te French Empire : Gules, sem^ of estoiles {mullets) argent {cf Vol. I., Plate XL, fig. 3).
The close alliances between Scotland and France naturally led the nobles of the former country to follow Continental modes of marshalling, rather than those which found favour in England. This is particularly evident in the Scottish use of the escucheon en surtout, or in pretence.
We have already seen continental instances in which the paternal or family coat is borne en surtout, above quarterings indicative of possessions. A Scottish example is found in the arms of the Hays, Marquesses of TWEEDDALE (Plate IX., fig. 4) who bear their paternal coat {Argent, three escuctieons gules) en surtout upon the quartered coats of Fraser {Azure, three f raises argent) and GiFFORD {Gules, three bars ermine), families through which the Hays inherited considerable possessions {see also the case of SINCLAIR, Plate IX., fig. 6). Often
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however, the escucheon en surtout contained a coat indicative of the possessions of some feudal dignity. Thus on the seal of David, Earl of Crawford, created Duke of Montrose by James III., an escucheon bearing the arms of the Burgh of MONTROSE : Argent, a rose gules ^ barbed and seeded proper, is borne en surtout for his Duchy, over his quartered coats of LiNDSAV and Abernethy. (Plate IX., fig. 3.)
The Earls of Mar and Kellie now bear the arms of the latter earldom, en surtout, above their quartered coat of Mar and Erskine.
The Livingstones, Earls of Linlithgow, bore en surtout, over the quartered coat of LIVINGSTONE and Callender, Azure, an oak tree or, within a bordure argent, t/iereon eight cinquefoils gules, for the title of
Linlithgow.
Henry Stuart, Lord Methven, who in 1526 became the third husband of Margaret of England, Queen of James IV., bore eri surtout over his quartered coat : Gules, a lion rampant holding between his fore-paws a toiver argent, for the Lordship of Methven (Plate IX., fig. 2). Lord LiNDORES similarly used the quartered coats of Leslie and Abernethy with, en surtout : Gules, a castle triple-towered argent, for the lordship of LiN- DORES. The Earls of Buchan similarly bear the coat of the Lordship of Cardross, en surtout,
Walter Stewart, Earl of Athole and Caithness {circa i42o),son of ROBERT II.*s second marriage,and hus- band of the heiress of BRECHIN (he suffered death in 1437 as an accessory to the murder of his nephew and benefac- tor, King James I.) bore this quartered coat: i. SCOTLAND, differenced by a label of three points, 2. Paly of six {or) and {sable), for Athole. 3. {Or,) three piles {gules), for Brechin. 4. {Azure), a lion rampant {argent) croivned {or), for Gallow^ay. En surtout {Azure,) a galley under sail {or), for CAITHNESS. Of course according to modern
( i'40 )
ideas Brechin, not Caithness, would have been borne in the escucheon of pretence.
Archibald Douglas, Lord of Galloway, third Earl of Douglas, acquired Bothwell and other lands by marriage with the widow of Thomas Murray of Bothwell; and added the Murray arms {Azure)^ three stars {argent) as a surtout to his own coat which bofe
Douglas quartering Galloway.
But sometimes the possession of lands was indicated after another continental fashion, by quartering their bearings. Archibald, fourth Earl of Douglas, son of the preceding obtained a grant of the Lordship of Annandale in 1409, and consequently the escucheon on his seal is : Quarterly, i. DoUGLAS ; 2. Galloway ; 3. Murray of Bothwell ; 4. Annandale {Argent, a salt ire and chief gules). In his later years the Earl repaired to France, where he was made Duke of TOURAINE, and Count of LONGUEVILLE and Pair de France, by Charles VII., in 1424. He fell at Verneuil in the same year.
His son Archibald, the fifth Earl of Douglas, and second Duke of TOURAINE, dropped the quarter of Bothwell to make room for a coat indicative of his Duchy (apparently the plain arms of FRANCE : — Azure, three fleur-de-lis or) ; this is placed in the first quarter, the others being: 2. DOUGLAS; 3. ANNANDALE; 4. Galloway. (Mr Laing, Scottish Seals, vol. ii.. No. 248, attributes this seal to the fourth Earl.) The use of the plain coat of France is remarkable, but is paralleled by the same coat borne for the Duchy of Chatelherault by the Earls of Angus. Charles VII. was the first sovereign who departed from the principle of conferring the pairie on princes of the blood alone. Wishing to create for himself allies against the Dukes of BURGUNDY and Brittany, who menaced the existence of the monarchy, he conferred on James, King of Scotland,
MARSHALLING AND AU0MENTATI0H3.
>iiiwrlI.H Lord Protector. B, The Inca« of Peru.
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thcpatneof Saintonge and Rochefort in 1421, and the county and pairie of Evreux on James Stuart, sire d'Aubigny.
On Plate IX., fig. i is the coat of the STUARTS, Lords of Darnley and Earls of LENNOX, who bore (Laing, i., 798, et seg,)y when they assumed the questionable title of Earl of Lennox (/>., circa 1490), Quarterly, i and 4. France, a bordure {gules) thereon eight buckles {or) for AUBIGNY. 2 and 3. Stuart : {Or,) a fess chequy {argent and azure) within a bordure engrailed {gules) ; and en surtout {Argent^ a saltire between four roses {gules) for the Earldom of Lennox.
A modern, and in my opinion not a commendable instance of Scottish Marshalling, is shown in the coat of Ram.say of Barnton, granted in 1849 (Plate XVIII., fig. 5). In it the Ramsay arms : {Argent, an eagle dis- played sable) are differenced by a cinquefoil of the field on the eagle's breast ; while on a chief are the impaled coats of Sandilands {Argent, a bend azure) and Douglas. This chief is divided from the main coat by a fillet sable.
Dugdale is of opinion that when an inheritance falls to the daughters of an eldest brother, they are entitled to use the full and undifferenced coat, but that the second son as heir-male is entitled to use the coat with a label as difference, as in the armorial case between Grey of RUTHYN and Hastings, {see p. 15, and Herald and Genealogist, vo\ ii., pp. 14, 15.) This, however, was not the opinion of Lord Justice COKE. He thought that where the heir-general was a female, the heir-male although only a collateral, had a right to the undifferenced coat of their ancestor; while the husband of the daughter (and their descendants), should quarter the undifferenced coat with his own. (We may remark here that the modern use of the escucheon of pretence was not at this time established.) It should be noticed that Lord
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Coke's opinion was opposed to the arguments of 6ot/i sides in the Grey and Hastings suit.
Ignorance or forgetfulness of the old English custom, already referred to on p. 64, that unless a man had married an heiress he was content to use his own arms only ; and that an impaled coat (as shown by number- less ancient seals) was anciently borne only by the wife ; has led to some anomalies in modern practice. Nowa- days we sometimes find ladies using their husband's coat augmented with their own paternal arms on an escucheon of pretence. For this I find no ancient precedent. This arrangement properly belongs to the husband only. The escucheon of pretence (if rightly assumed), has indeed become a portion of Ats arms, but the wife, according to ancient precedent, should only impale his arms with her own, whether the coats be simple or quartered.
It must be remembered that the term heiress, alike in English and in Scottish Heraldry, now only means heiress of d/ooii, and has no reference at all to possessions. The issue of the marriage are entitled to quarter the arms of the heiress-mother in the 2nd and 3rd quarters, with those of their paternal line in the ist and 4th. If the paternal coat be already one containing quarterings, the usual mode adopted now, instead of using quarterly - quartered coats, is to place the maternal coat with its quarterings (if it has any) after the paternal ones. .
In the case of a lady being heiress to her mother, but not to her father (which happens when the mother was an heiress and has no male issue by her marriage, while the father has male issue by another marriage), the modern usage authoritatively sanctioned is that the lady should bear only her maternal arms with the addition of a canton charged with the paternal coat. If she marries, her children (and later descendants) ought to continue to bear this composite coat quartered with their
( '43 )
paternal one ; but they have no right at all to any other use of the coat in the canton — that of their maternal grandfather (p. 34 ante). The awkward expedient thus officially sanctioned goes back to the time of Gerard Legh, who assigns to a lady who is heiress of her mother but not of her father, the right to use her maternal arms, with the addition of the paternal coat on a chiefs or on a canton; but the alternative permitted by Legh is not now in vogue. I have met with several examples of separate coats being borne on a chief in foreign armory, ^^., the family of MURINAIS-BIGEART add to their coat : Azure^ a lion rampant argent^ a chief of the arms of DU SOLEIL : A sure y a sun in splendour or^ between two mullets argent.
To these examples of Marshalling we may fitly join one or two examples of the arms assigned to the issue of a legitimate but morganatic marriage.
The Duke of Teck, issue of the marriage between Duke Alexander of Wurttemberg and the Countess Claudine von Rheday, Countess of Hohenstein, bears : Per pale : (a) (?r, three stag's horns fessways in pale sable (Wurttemberg) ; (b) Or, three lions passant in pale sable, each having the dexter paw raised (d^nd ecorc/i/) gules (Suabia). Over all : Lozengy in bend-sinister sable and or (Duchy of Teck). I have seen the impaled coats quartered, but do not know if this was done by authority.
The Princes of Battenberg, who descend from the marriage of the Prince ALEXANDER of Hesse-Darm- STADT with the Countess Julia von Haucke, bear : Quarterly, i and 4. Azure, a lion rampant double-queu^ harry of ten gules and argent, crowned, and holding in the right paw a sword proper (ViE^S^), within a bordure gobone of sixteen pieces of the third and second ; 2 and 3. Argent, two pallets sable (BATTENBERG).
The crests are: Out of crest-coronets or\ — \. Two horns barry argent and gules, each having on the outside four
( M4 )
golden rods with pendent linden leaves (cf, Plate XI., fig- 3) ; 2. Fof4r ostrich featliers sable and argent. The Supporters are two lions. The Motto : In te Domine speravi.
An earh'er instance is afforded by the arms of the Counts von Wartenberg, the issue of the morganatic marriage of Ferdinand of Bavaria (d. 1608). They bore the arms of Bavaria : Fusily-bendy argent and azure ^ thereon a lion rampant or^for the PALATINATE.
The Chevalier de Saxe (d. 1801), issue of the mor- ganatic marriage of Prince Francis Xavier of Saxony, bore the arms of Saxony, but with the addition of a fess sable passing over the cranqelin^ and covering the third bar of sable and the third bar of or.
Official Arms. — Archbishops and Bishops impale the coats which have been assumed as the arms of their Sees with their personal arms, the prelate being termed inaritus ecclesice, but in British armory the dexter side, or place of honour, is given to the official coat. Here, as on the continent of Europe, very few of the coats used at any time as the official arms of the Sees, Abbeys, and other purely ecclesiastical foundations, have been the subject of regular grants from the "College of Arms" in this country, or from the constituted heraldic authorities in others. But to assume that the use of these arms is therefore " illegal," and " entirely without authority I' is to ignore the established and universal custom for centuries. Ecclesiastical arms appear to have been everywhere exempt from the ordinary jurisdictions ; and almost the only instances in which "regular" grants can be quoted have occurred in quite modern times, and have been made in disregard, or more probably in ignorance, of ancient usages. It is hardly fair to charge the present writer with " disrespect for authority," when he is simply stating the facts of the case. Deans of cathedral and collegiate churches, and certain other
ARMOEIAL DB OUELDRK.
3. la Due d« Sftia. S. le I^ndcnva da Hia 6. lltTtqne d« 6. la Diu de Bavitea.
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dignitaries, Masters of Colleges, the Regius-Professors at Cambridge, and others, have official arms which might be borne in like manner, but at the present day examples of their use by such personages are very infrequent.
The use of official arms remains, however, constant among the Kings of Arms. Garter bears : Argent^ SL George's cross^ on a chief azure an open crown within t/ie Garter^ between a lion of ENGLAND and a fleur-de-lis or. Similarly the official arms of Lyon are: Argent^ a lion sejant-affront^e guleSy holding in its dexter paw a thistle proper, and in t/ie sinister an escucheon of the second; on a chief azure a saltire of the first. Those of Ulster are : Or, a cross gules , on a chief azure a lion of England, between tlie harp of Ireland and a portcullis or, Clarenceux and NORROY have also official coats. Clarenceux bears : Argent, the cross of St, George, on a chief gules a lion <?/" ENGLAND, crowned or, (On a seal dated 1598, the lion is not crowned, and ^fleur-de-lis is placed in the first canton.) The coat of NORROY is : Argent, the cross of St, George, on a chief per pale azure and gules, a lion of ENGLAND crowned, between a fleur- de-lis and a key erect, all or. In all cases where an official coat is thus impaled, the bearer may not impale those of his wife in the same escucheon ; if he desire to impale his wife's arms with his own he must do so in a separate escucheon, and place the two shields accoh^s.
In modern times it has even been supposed that a person who bears the arms of an heiress-wife ought to omit her escucheon when he represents his arms combined with an official coat, or ensigned with the marks of official dignity, or with the badges of an order of knighthood. I have already (p. 142) indicated my conviction that an escucheon of pretence (lawfully assumed) has become an integral portion of the arms of its bearer, and I am therefore unable to assent to the view stated above. I have recently had under notice an
VOL. II. L
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instance in which a Scottish herald surrounds his personal arms with the collar of SS., and appends to his shield the badge of his office ; but conjoins a separate shield, which bears his personal arms, and those of his heiress-wife ; under the mistaken impression that the shield so used, accoU to his own, is that of the lady, whereas in my view it is that to which he is himself entitled, and to which she is not. I am fortified in my opinion, by Nesbit's example {System of Heraldry y vol. i., plate xxii.) ; where Sir Thomas Brand, Gentleman Usher of the Green Rod of the Order of the Thistle, bears : — Quarterly, i and 4. (the arms of his office), Azure, two " Green Rods" in saltire or ; 2 and 3. (his personal arms) Or, on a bend sable three mascles argent, a chief azure thereon as many mullets of the third. Upon this quartered coat he properly places in an escucheon of pretence the arms of his heiress-wife, Gyronny of eight ermine and gules within a bordure engrailed of tlie last, for Campbell of Lundie. The badge of his office is suspended beneath the shield by a triple gold chain, and the two green rods (each sur- mounted by a unicorn sejant supporting the escucheon of S. Andrew), are placed in saltire behind the shield, and interlaced with the chains of his office.
Foreign ecclesiastics sometimes quarter, sometimes impale, the arms of their See, or other religious founda- tion, with their personal arms. Sometimes these latter are used in an escucheon en surtout. Full information on these subjects, which cannot be dealt with at length here, will be found in my treatise on Ecclesiastical Heraldry, The lay Electors of the Holy Roman Empire had each an official coat of arms, borne generally en surtout above their quarterings. That of the Elector of Saxony, as Arch-Marshal of the Empire, has already been given at Vol. I., p. 363. The ELECTOR Palatine bore: Gules, an orb or, as Arch-Steward.
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The Elector of Brandenburg : Azure, a sceptre in pale or, as Arch-Chamberlain {cf, p. 396). The ELECTOR of Hanover : Gules, the crown of Charlemagne, as Arch-Treasurer {v. Vol. I., p. 396). The Counts of LiMPURG as Hereditary Butlers of the Empire, placed a golden cup in the centre of their quartered arms {cf, Butler, Vol. I., p. 397). The insignia of the Hereditary Master of the Horse have been given on p. 114; and those of the Hereditary Standard-Bearer in Vol. I., p. 369. The Grand Masters of the Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem quartered in the first and fourth the arms of the Order {Gules, a cross argent), with their personal ones in the second and third. The Knights of Justice, etc., bore the arms of the Order on a chief. By the Statutes of the Grand Priory of the Order of St. John in England, H.M. the Queen in i888 conferred on its Knights of Justice, etc., the same right ; the cross being angled alternately with lions gardant, and unicorns, both passant or. The Knights of the Order of St. Stephen in Tuscany bore the arms of that Order in chief, like the Knights of St. John, and like them placed their escucheon upon the eight-pointed cross of the Order. Thus in the Church of the Santissima Annunziata at Florence, the shield of DONATO de Antellt, Prior of the Order of St. Stephen, is placed upon the eight- pointed cross of the Order (identical with that of the Order of St. John except in its colour, which is red). The arms of TOMMASO de' Medici, a Knight of the Order of San Stefano in 1583, are represented in the same church, and are: Or, six palle gules, 3, 2, i, « chief of religion : — Or the cross of San Stefano of eight points gules, edged of the first.
The Grand Masters of the Teutonic Order in Germany quartered its arms (z^. p. 121) with those of their family.
CHAPTER III.
AUGMENTATIONS.
Augmentations are additions made by the Sovereign to the coat of arms of an individual as a recognition of services rendered to the Prince or to the State ; or merely as evidence of princely favour. They sometimes take the form of additional quarterings ; but more com- monly consist of a chief, canton, or an escucheon to be borne thenceforth as an integral part of the hereditary coat. Many of them arc exceedingly interesting as historical memorials.
Allusion has been already made (p. 93) to the assumption by RICHARD II. of the mythical arms of Edward the Confessor, which he impaled with his own coat, and to the fact that he granted them as marks of special favour to his kinsmen, the HOLLANDS, Dukes of Surrey and Kent; and to Thomas Mowbray, Duke of Norfolk. We have seen (Vol. I., p. 399) that the same monarch granted to Robert de Vere, K.G., whom he had created Duke of IRELAND, the mythical coat of St. Edmund ; Azure, three open crowns or, differenced by a bordure argent, to be quar- tered with his personal arms : Quarterly gules and or, in the first quarter a mullet argent, {See Vol. I.,
p. 325).
We have also had under notice (Vol. I., p. 393) the
coat of augmentation granted to, or assumed by, the
Pelhams to perpetuate the memory of the share taken
I
PLATE XII,
ARMOBUL DU R^EAUT OUBLDRB.
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by Sir JOHN Pelham in the capture of King John of France at the battle of Poitiers.
Henry VIII. granted several augmentations: both in commemoration of prowess in the field, arid as marks of personal favour.
F'irst among the former class is the augmentation
granted to Thomas Howard, Duke of Norfolk, for
his victory at Flodden. To his personal arms : Gules^ a bend between six crosses-crosslet fitchy argent^ he was to add in an escucheon, to be placed in chief upon the bend, a portion of the Royal Arms of SCOTLAND : Or^ within tlie Royal- Tressure a devii-lion rampant gules , pierced through the mouth with an arrow^ argent. About the same time an augmentation was granted to Sir John Clerk, who, less than a month before Flodden, had taken captive LOULS, Duke de LONGUEVILLE, at the battle of Therouenne, known as the Battle of the Spurs, The arms of Clerk were : Argent^ on a bend gules between three roundles sable^ as many swans of the first. To this coat he was permitted to add, a sifiister canton azure^ charged with a demi-ram salient argent^ armed or^ in chief two fleurs-de-lis gold^ and over all a baton of the second, GUILLIM considers this the coat of the Duke de LONGUEVILLE (this at least seems the natural inference from his words, " the coat armour of the Duke was given him marshalled on a canton sinister after this manner." Display of Heraldry, i6ii, p. 260), and he has been followed without protest by NiSBET, and by many subsequent writers, up to the last edition of FOSTER'S Baronetage where the canton is said to be " the arms of LONGUEVILLE." This is of course an entire mistake, though the canton does contain a composition from the armorial insignia of the Duke. He was the grandson of the celebrated jEAN, Comte de DUNOLS, bastard son of LoULS, Due d'ORLfiANS. In 1428, DuNOLS sealed with the arms of Orleans {France, a label argent), debruised by a
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bendlet -sinister {sable ^ or) argent ^ and the shield is sup- ported by a ram. Later he took as supporters the eagles which had been used by his father the Duke, but retained a demi-ram as his crest. As his second wife he married Marie, daughter of James Harcourt, Comte de LONGUEVILLE, and Seigneur de Parthenay ; and the seal of his son FRANCIS. "Comte de DUNOIS et de LONGUEVILLE, Seigneur de Parthenay" bears the following arms : Quarterly, i and 4. ORLEANS, over all a bendlet argent; 2. {Azure ?^ an eagle displayed {argent ?) ; 3. BureU argent and asure, a bend gules (Parthenay). The shield has the eagle supporters, and the crest is a ram*s head collared. We are thus able to account for the appearance of the ram*s head in the coat of augmentation, and its other charges need no explana- tion. (I pointed out the mistake in Notes and Queries, 3rd Series, viii., p. 283, so long ago as 1865 ; and showed that this augmentation was a very different thing from that which the books on Heraldry represented it to be, viz., the assumption of the arms of a vanquished knight as a matter of right by the victor.)
As a mark of personal favour,and in commemoration of a royal descent from Anne Plantagenet, Henry VIH. augmented the arms of Sir THOMAS MANNERS, K.G., Earl of Rutland, with a chief composed from the quartered arms of France and England, and the arms still borne by his descendants, the Dukes of Rutland, are : Or, two bars azure, with a chief of augmentation : — Quarterly, i and 4. Azure, two fleurs-de- lis of France ; 2 and 3. Gules, a lion of England. (Sir George Manners of Belvoir married Anne, daughter and heiress of Sir Thomas St. Leger, by Anne Plantagenet, sister of Edward IV. The title of Rutland was one of those borne by the Dukes of York.)
Henry VIH. granted augmentations to all his wives
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except Catharine of Arragon and Anne of Cleves, who both had sufficient quarterings of their own. The augmentation of the arms of Anne Boleyn consisted of three quasi Royal quarterings to which precedence was given. She bore, Quarterly of six : —
1. Lancaster : England^ with a label of three points
argent,
2. Angoul£:me : France-ancient^ a label of four points
gules,
3. Guienne: Gules, a lion passant or,
4. Quarterly: I and 4. Or, a chief ittdented azure,
Butler.
2 and 3. Argent, a lion rampant sable,
crowned gules, ROCHFORT.
5. Broth ERTON : England, a label argent.
6. Warren : Cluquy or and azure.
These arms are taken from a book once in Anne's own possession. It will be noticed that altogether they form an instance of the perversion of the true historical spirit of heraldry of which the reigns of HENRY VIII. and his immediate successors are full of examples. Anne's own coat, that of Boleyn : Argent, a chevron gules between three buWs heads couped sable, anned or, does not appear at all! Brotherton and Warren were quarterings taken from the coat of Anne's mother, Elizabeth Howard, but were borne here against all heraldic rule : while the two paternal coats of BUTLER and Rochfort were brought in equally improperly, being the arms of Margaret Butler of Ormond, mother of Anne's father, Sir Thomas Boleyn. In one way the whole affair was not inappropriate for it was characteristically false !
To Jane Seymour, Henry granted a single quarter in augmentation : Or, on a pile gules betzueen six fleurs- de-lis azure three lions of ENGLAND, a coat still borne in memory of this alliance by the Dukes of SOMERSET in
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the 1st and 4th quarters of their shield, with those of Seymour {Gulesy two wings conjoined in lure^ tips downward or) in the 2nd and 3rd (Plate VI., fig. 2).
To his fifth-wife, Lady Catharine Howard, Henry granted two coats of augmentation, to be borne in the 1st and 4th quarters : —
1. Azure, three fleurs-de-lis in pale or, betiveen two
flaunches ermine on each a rose of ENGLAND.
2. Brotherton (as above).
3. Howard (as above).
4. Azure, two lions passant-gardant or, the verge of
the escuclieon charged with four devii-fleurs-de-
lis of France.
Only a single coat of augmentation was granted to Queen Catharine Parr. It was: Argent, on a pile gules between six roses of LANCASTER three roses of YORK, all barbed and seeded or. This coat was quartered in the first place with her proper arms (2. PARR : Argent, tivo bars azure, a bordure engrailed sable ; 3. RosS: Or, three water-budgets sable ; 4. M ARM ION : Vair, a fess gules ; 5. FiTZHUGH: Azure, three chevrons interlaced in base, and a chief or ; 6. GREEN : Vert, three harts at gaze or),
James I. granted a lion of England, to be borne in dexter chief, as an augmentation to the coat of his favourite, Robert Carr, Viscount Rochester : — Gules, on a c/ievron argent three stars of the first ; and also an additional quartering, to be borne in the 1st and 4th places, viz.: Quarterly or and gules.
Several English coats have received augmentation in commemoration of assistance rendered to Charles II. after the battle of Worcester. For his distinguished con- duct thereat, Charles granted to Colonel Newman an inescucheon. Gules, charged with a portcullis imperially crowned or, to be borne en surtout above the paternal coat : Quarterly sable and argent, in the ist and ^th quarters three mullets of tlie second, John Lane, Esq.,
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of Bentley, for facilitating the King's escape, had a grant of the arms of ENGLAND, to be borne on a canton, upon his paternal coat : Per fess or and azure^ a chevron gules between three mullets counter-changed. To the Whit- GREAVE coat (Plate XIV., fig 3) there was added as an augmentation : a chief argent, thereon a rose of ENGLAND irradiated or, within a wreath of oak proper.
The coats said to have been granted to Colonel CARLOS and to Penderell do not properly come under the head of Augmentations, being new grants of arms, but may be mentioned here ; they only differ in their tinctures. Colonel Carlos had, in 1658, a grant of Or, on a mount in base an oak tree vert, over all on a fess gules three Royal' Crowns of t/te first, Penderell is said to have had the same, with the field argent and the fess sable, but it seems that no such grant is on record in the College of Arms. To Captain Tettersell, in whose ship Charles II. escaped to France in 165 1, a grant was made of: Argent, on waves of tlie sea in base a ship in full sail proper ; on a chief azure, a lion of ENGLAND. With these we may group the coat granted, in 1691, to Sir Clovdesley Shovell for his victories over the Turks and French : Gules, a chevron between two crescents argent in chief, and a fleur-de-lis or, in base.
These augmentations and new grants are all con- ceived in a true heraldic spirit, which was conspicuously absent from the augmentations granted to our naval and military commanders in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. The Duncans of Forfarshire bore : Gules, a chevron or, between two cinquefoils in chief and in base a hunting liorn argent, stringed and garnished azure. The chevron was replaced in the arms of Admiral Duncan, the victor of Camperdown in 1797 (created Lord Camperdown and Viscount Duncan) by a representation of the gold medal conferred on him by the King, surmounted by a naval crown, and below the
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medal the word Camperdown, Thus, so far as I remember, was created a precedent for two breaches of heraldic good taste, of which there were only too many imitations in later times, viz., the introduction of words into the shield ; and that of medals, ribbons, and other decorations, which are much more fittingly used as external ornaments than as charges to be perpetuated in a coat of arms. Even these, however, were exceeded in bad taste by augmentations in which the chief was turned into a pictorial representation of a battered fortress, with or without bombarding ships — or of a regular naval engage- ment. {See the arms of Fuller ; Lords Exmouth, GouGH, and HARRIS ; Sir Sidney Smith, Campbell, Fairfax, Hardinge, Vyvyan, and Hamilton (baronets) ; Vassall, etc.] Of these one example will suffice: — Lord Viscount NELSON, who deserved better thmgs even of the heralds of his country, received as an augmentation : On a chief wavy argent waves of the sea^ from which a palm tree issuant between a disabled ship on tJie dexter and a ruined battery on the sinister^ all proper, (The last word lacks a syllable !) The coat to which this augmentation was made was not itself a very favourable specimen of the heraldic art of the time : (?r, a cross patonce sable, surmounted by a bend gules^ thereon anotlur bend engrailed of the field charged with three bombs fired proper.
Happily the augmentations granted to the great Dukes of Marlborough and of Wellington, as well as some conferred in later times, are in better taste. To the former was assigned : Argent^ a cross of St. George ^ thereon an escucheon of the arms ^FRANCE ; to the latter: TIu bearings of the flag of the UNITED KINGDOM known as tite " Union fackr Both these augmentations are borne in escucheons on the honour-point of the quartered shield. (Plate X., figs. 3, 4.)
In Scotland the great armorial augmentation was of
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course the Royal-Tressure, examples of the grant of which have been already given. Of other augmentations probably the earliest is that which is said to have been granted to Sir Alexander Seton, Governor of Berwick, circa 1320 ; a sword paleways azure supporting the Royal Crown proper. This was placed in the centre of the Seton coat, Or^ three crescents within the Royal-Tressure gules,
James VI. gave special concessions to Sir John Ramsay of Wyliecleugh, created Viscount Hadding- ' TON ; Sir Thomas Erskine, younger, of Gogar, after- wards Earl of Kellie ; and to Sir Hugh Herries of Cowsland, in memory of the part they took in the frustration of .the Gowrie Plot in 1600. The augmenta- tion, which was to be impaled to the dexter of the paternal coat of Ramsay {Argent^ an eagle displayed sabUy anned gules^ on its breast a crescent of the first) was : Azure, issuant from tlie sinister flank , a dexter arm Itolding a sword erect in pale argent, hilted or, piercing a human heart gules, and supporting with its point an Imperial Crozvn proper. The Erskine augmentation was : Gules, an Imperial Crown within a double tressure flory-counter-flory or, which was quartered in the ist and 4th quarters. The grant to Sir Hugh Herries resembled that of Ramsay^, being : Azure, an arm in armour issuing from the dexter side of tlie shield holding a sword erect supporting on its point the Imperial Croivn all proper.
An augmentation granted to Sandilands, Lord TORPHICHEN was: Per f ess, azure and or, in chief an Imperial Crown, in base a thistle vert. In 1645 an augmentation was granted to the original coat {Paly of six, argent and gules, borne by PATRICK RUTHVEN, Earl of Forth, created Earl of Brentford in England in 1644). It was: A canton or, thereon, within the Royal-Tressure of Scotland, a red rose charged with a white one.
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Charles I. granted to Sir John Hay, Earl of Kin- NOULL, the following augmentation : Azure, a unicorn salient argent, anned, maned, and unguled or, within a bordure of t/ie last charged with thistles of SCOTLAND and roses of ENGLAND {gules) dimidiated and conjoined. One such combined rose and thistle was granted, on a canton argent, as an augmentation to the arms of Sir NiCOLO DE Molina, Senator of Venice, and its Ambassador to King James I. (The grant is given in GuiLLlM's Display of Heraldry, p. 389.) MOLINA'S canting coat was : Azure, a mill wheel or.
The most remarkable Scottish augmentation, from a heraldic point of view is perhaps that granted by Charles II. to Colonel William Marshall, whom he created a baronet at Brussels in 1658. It was a new coat consisting of the Royal Arms of Scotland, differ- enced only by the lion being represented royally crowned (Stodart, Scottish Heraldry, ii., 384). The crest was a stag trippant.
When John, eighth Lord Seton, was created Earl of WiNTON in 1600 he was allowed an additional coat of augmentation, viz. : Azure, a star of twelve points argent within the Royal- Tressure ^SCOTLAND.
Foreign concessions in augmentation, both in ancient and modern times, are so numerous that a whole volume might be devoted to a record of them and of the circum- stances under which they were granted, and we can give only a few specimens in our limited space.
First of all naturally come the IMPERIAL AUGMENTA- TIONS. A number of these are recorded in DUCANGE, tome vii., p. 106, but the intelligent student will at once perceive that credence cannot be accorded to some of the earlier ones. Those said to be granted by the Emperor Frederick I. are probably the earliest which rest on a foundation of truth. In 1 162 he is said to have granted to Julio Marioni the right to use the Imperial Eagle
\
i t
( ■ ■ 1
V ;
(
, I
PLATE XIH.
ABKOBUL DU H^RAUT ODSIABB.
I. Jmodm 4« VteDM (as). I 17. L* Cbptal de Bnoh (41).
IL U On 4'EiichImi (117). T. DhM nn dor Merwndo (22B).
UL LaOamtedaDunpUmdS.) VL B^dm la Duphhi (44).
( 157 )
I
in his arms, with the title of Count, and a h'ke grant is said to have been made to the family of Jovio, which some centuries later received from the Emperor Charles V. a further augmentation in the shape of " the pillars of Hercules " {cf, p. 290).
Frederick II. {c, 1212) granted to Conrad Mala- SPINA the ordinary augmentation of a chief of tlie Empire {Or, an eagle displayed sable). The Malaspina arms were : Per f ess gules and or, over all a thorn-branch vert in pale with five flowers argent. Azure, in base a wall embattled or, masoned sable, is quartered by the Counts of Weissen WOLFF in Germany, and is said to be an augmentation, granted by the same Emperor, represent- ing the wall of the city of Damascus. To Maffeo VISCONTI {ante. Vol. I., p. 288) the Emperor Adolf granted the right to quarter the Imperial Eagle. This was, however, to all appearance, only an official coat, denoting tenure of the Vicarate of the Empire in Milan and Lombardy. Mention has elsewhere been made of the general use of the Imperial Eagle by officials of the Empire {vide ante, Vol. I., p. 266 ; et infra, p. 275).
Henry VII. granted to Alboino della Scala of Verona (who bore : Gules, a ladder of four steps in pale argent) the right to quarter therewith the eagle of the Empire ; while LOUIS, the Bavarian, permitted Can della Scala to place the eagle in an escucheon above the ladder. The Emperor SiGlSMUND granted to LouiS DEL Verme, in 1433, the title of Count of Sanguinetto, and the arms of the Empire. {Quarterly, i and 4. Gules, three bars argent ; 2 and 3. Barry of four azure and argent, are the DEL Verme arms.) GlUSTlNlANi declares that the four sable eagles which appear in the arms of the GONZAGAS, Dukes of Mantua {Argent, between four eagles displayed sable, a cross pat^e-throughout gules), were granted by the Emperor SiGlSMUND to GIOVANNI
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Francesco, first Marquis, in 1433 ; the ducal title came later, in 1530.
The same Prince had already granted in 141 5 the augmentation of a chief of the Empire to FRANCESCO GlUSTINlANi (who bore: GuleSy a castle triple-towered argent, t/ie port sable) ; and, in 141 5, to Elzeas DE Sade, an eagle displayed sable, crowned gules, to be borne in the centre of his arms : Gules, a star of eight points or. (These were the arms of Laura, wife in 1325 of Ugo DE Sade, — the muse of Petrarch.)
The Emperor Maximilian II. granted to Alberic ClBO the principality of Massa, and, as an augmenta- tion, a chief or charged with the Imperial double-headed eagle sable. The ClBO arms now are : Gules, a bend chequy azure and argent, on a chief of t lie last a cross gules ; this chief is abaiss^ under another of the Empire : Or^ a double-headed eagle sable, holding in its claws a ribbon argent charged luith the word " LiBERTAS."
When this prince made Cambray into a Duchy of the Empire in favour of the Bishop JACQUES DE Croy and his successors, he permitted them to add to their arms a chief of the Empire, with the brisure of a label gules (the reason of which latter is past finding out). The eagle, although said to be that of the Empire, is usually drawn single-headed, and the label was often dropped in later times. {See examples of the arms of these Prelates in my Ecclesiastical Heraldry, pp. 276-277.)
The Dukes of MiRANDOLA had what appears to be a double Imperial grant {vide ante, p. 132).
The Imperial augmentation of the arms of the Dukes of MODENA is also referred to on p. 131 {see Plate VIII.).
The arms of many noble and princely families of the Empire were from time to time honoured with grants of this kind. The Princes of ScHWARTZBURG, on elevation to that rank, received as an augmentation (to be borne en
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surtaut) the arms of the EMPIRE, the eagle having on its breast an escucheon of the arms of AUSTRIA.
Other instances occur in the arms of the Counts von Pappenheim (who bore a chief of the Empire). The Counts of Cronberg, p. 113, and Plate VI.; and the Dukes of Friedland (VVallenstein), already referred to in Vol. I. at p. 233, both bore an escucheon en surtout
Sometimes the Imperial Eagle in such concessions bears upon its breast the cypher of the Emperor, either in or without a shield ; sometimes the grant is of the eagle as a supporter to the arms of the family, which are borne on its breast ; other grants are of the eagle as an additional crest, or as a mark of distinction between the crests. All these and others are referred to in Spener, Opus HeraldicufH, pars i, cap. 2, p. 56; but probably the instances given will suffice the ordinary reader.
In Italy, during the contests between the Guelphic and Ghibelline factions, those families which belonged to the latter frequently (assumed, without any special Imperial grant, or the intervention of any heraldic functionary) a chief of the Empire. On the other hand the Guelphic faction assumed with still greater frequency a chief derived from the arms of the Duke of Anjou, viz. : Azure^ a label of four points gules, between the points three fleurs-de-lis or. This is the rastrello which meets our eyes at every turn in Florence, Bologna, and other cities of Italy {vide Plate VI., fig. 6). The arms of Michael Angelo Buonarotti have an interesting augmentation. They are : Aztire, two bendlets or, in chief tlie Angevin rastrello and fleurs-de-lis (as above). On a chief of augmentation, Or, the French boule from the arms of the Medici (Vol. I., p. 203) between the letters L and X, and surmounted by the letter P. The reference is to the Medicean Pope Leo X. Here the rastrello joins the base of the chief. (Plate XIX., fig. 6.)
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In later times a common augmentation has consisted in a small escucheon to be borne en surtout, containing the initial, or cypher, of the Sovereign, sometimes surmounted by the Imperial or Royal, or other Crown ; sometimes the escucheon itself is crowned. Such an augmentation appears in the arms of the Princes von ESTERHAZY of Hungary: An escucluon sable charged with tlu letter L or^ and surmounted by a princely Crown.
The Bohemian Counts CzERNiN have en surtout a crowned escucheon of the arms of Austria, on the fess the cypher F III. sable. This is a type of which there are a good many examples. The Bohemian barons Wrazda DE KUNWALDbear: Quarterly, i and 4. Azure, on a terrace vert a basilisk with wings and tail elevated or ; 2 and 3. Gules, a bend argent. Over all a crowned escucheon of the Austrian arms, the fess charged with the cypher M T, between in chief the cypher F III. and in base L I.
The Barons HOCHBURG bear e7i surtout the arms of Hungary-modern {Gules, on a mount in base vert a cross of Lorraine argent rising out of an open croivn or).
Analogous to this is the interesting historical augmentation granted in 1868 to the illustrious Austrian statesman. Count Beust, the pacificator of Hungary : Per fess (a) Or, an Imperial eagle issuant sable crowned proper ; (b) Per pale (i) Argent, an olive branch in bend vert ; (2) the arms of Hungary- modern : — over all the arms of Beust {Per pale emanchi gules and argent) crowned with a ducal coronet.
The arms granted in 1853 to M. VON Ettenreich, who saved the life of the Emperor FRANCIS, are : Quarterly, i and 4. Or, tfie Imperial eagle; 2 and 3. ( . . . ) two arms united in fess, holding a civic crown proper,
Polish. — In 15 12, Sigismund, King of Poland, granted an augmentation consisting of the arms of that
( i6t )
country : { Gules y an eagle displayed argent ^ beaked and membered and having Klee-stengeln or) to be borne in the 1st and 4th quarters, by the family of Stafileo of Dalmatia, whose personal coat is : Per fess gules and verty a vine stalk couped in fess or, bearing in chief two leaves of the second^ and in base a bunch of grapes proper.
Of French grants of augmentation the most impor- tant are the following. Charles VI., in 1 394, permitted GianGaleazzo Visconti, Duke of Milan, who had married ISABEL of FRANCE, to quarter FRANCE- ANCIENT for himself and his heirs. In 1389 he granted the same privilege to his cousin Charles d'Albret (who bore Gules plain),
Charles VII. granted to Nicolo d'Este, created Duke of Ferrara, the arms of France-modern, within a plain bordure^ indented or and gules.
One of the earliest of French augmentations is that which is said to have been granted by St. Louis to Geoffroi de Chateaubriand {vide ante^oX. I., p. 349).
The family of Faudoas-Barbazan, bearing Azure^ a cross or, quarter (or sometimes impale with it) the full arms of FRANCE, a concession made by Charles VII. in 1434 to the Barbazan who had the title of " Restaurateur du RoyaumCy et de la Couronne de France^' and was buried among the Kings of FRANCE at St. Denis.
Charles VII. gave a mural crown as an augmentation to the armsof GuiLLAUME de Delmas de Grammont {Argent, a cross moline gules) as a reward for being the first to mount the breach at the siege of Pontoise in 1444.
In later times the augmentation granted was usually a chief azure thereon three fleurs-de-lis or; briefly " a chief of FRANCE." Such a chief was granted by Louis XIV. in 1663, with the title of Count, to
VOL. II. M
( i62 ;
Hannibal DE Schestedt, ambassador from Denmark at the court of France. (This concession seems to be wrongly used nowadays. In RiETSTAP's Aiinorial General it is blazoned as: if A zuryCi trots fleurs-de-lis dor rangees en fasce; d la bordure de gueules charg^e en pointe de la device, " PLUS ESSE QUAM VIDERL")
An augmentation granted in the present century has historical interest. The family of Si:zE bore: Azure, three toivers in fess between in chief two estoiles and in base a crescent or, but by a Royal decree in 1817, LouiS XVIII. authorised the Count de SkZE, defender of King LOULS XV^I., to change these to Gules, a castle repre- senting the " Temple " argent between in chief two estoiles or, and in base sixteen fleurs-de-lis of the second ranged
7. 6, 3.
The Emperor Napoleon III. granted to Fialin, created Due de Persigny in 1863, the arms: Azure, semt^ of eagles of the FRENCH EMPIRE, to be quartered in the ist and 4th ; with Argent, on a bend azure three escallops ofthefleld, in the 2nd and 3rd.
The Papal Concessions are among the most interesting ; good examples are found in the arms of the Dukes of MoDENA, and of Parma, already given at pp. 131, 132. {See Plate VIII., fig. i.)
The Neapolitan family of MORRA (Princes of MORRA, Dukes de Belforte, etc.) bear in their quartered arms a pale {gules) charged ivith two Papal tiaras, each in front of the Papal keys in saltire, (Their family coat is Gules, two swords in saltire argent, hilted or, between four mullets of the last.)
The Marquises of Trotti-Benvoglio bear : Quarterly, I and 4. Per fess or and azure, Trotti ; 2 and 3. Per bend indented or and gules, Benvoglio. The quarters separated by the Papal pale of the GoNKALONlERE (as on page 132 above). The Marquises of GUASTO bear the charges which here appear upon the pale, on an
.-»•■«.
f !
WAPPBKROLLB VON ZObICH, L
i. AMohMh |2t8).
( i63 )
escucheon en surtout. The Barberini of Naples place them in chief above their personal arms : Azure^ three bees or. The SODERINI of Florence, who bear : GuleSy three stag's horns argent^ place in chief the keys in saltire behind the Papal tiara. The Florentine GiROLAMI, who bear : Argent^ a saltire sable^ do the same.
But the Armorials of RUSSIA, Sweden, and Prussia contain the greatest number of modern augmentations, some of which will be found of interest.
Russian Augmentations and Concessions. —
The arms granted to OSSIP IVANOVICH, who saved the life of the Emperor Alexander II. in 1865, and was raised to nobility by the name of KOMMISSAROV- KOSTROMSKY, are : (9r, moving from the sinister flank an arm proper^ vested azure, t/u hand clutching a hydra sabky winged gules ; on a chief of the third a ship fully rigged bearing the Imperial Standard, all proper.
The augmentation of the Counts RiJDlGER (who bore: Azure, a saltire argent between four estoiles or) is a chief Or, charged with the Imperial eagle, issuant and crowned as in t/ie Imperial arms ; on its breast an escucheon gules bordured or, and charged with the crowned Imperial initial H. That of the Princes and Counts LlEVEN (who bore : Azure, a bunch of three stalks of garden lilies, leaved and each bearing three flowers argent) is the same, but the escucheon on the breast of the eagle is : Azure, bordered and charged with the letter A or, which augmentation is identical with that of the Counts von der Pahlen.
The augmentation of SUWOROFF, Prince ITAUSKI, is a chief bearing tlte Imperial arms ; the eagle issuant, on its breast the arms of MOSCOW {Gules, a mounted knight overthrowing the dragon proper).
The Counts and Princes Orloff place in their first quarter the Imperial arms, differenced by a chief azure charged with a third Imperial crown.
( i64 )
The Princes Menschikoff have as an augmentation an escucheon (9r, charged with tlie eagles of RUSSIA and of tlu Holy Roman Empire, dimidiated and conjoined ; on the breast an escucheon of the personal arms : Or, a Jieart gules y royally crowned proper.
The OSTENSACKENS, ROSTOPCHINS, MORDWINOFFS,
Lewascheffs, and others, have an escucheon en surtout charged with the Imperial eagle.
Prussian Augmentations are very numerous and are of several different kinds. The first consists generally of a grant of the arms of PRUSSIA. These are sometimes borne in the ist Quarter, as in the augmenta- tion granted to the Counts BuLOW vON Dennewitz, who use : Quarterly , i and 4. Argent , the Prussian eagle, 2 and 3. Or, a sword argent ^ hilted of the first, and enfiled with a laurel crown vert : the wliole within a bordure gules charged in base with tlie words "Dennewitz, 6 September, 18 1 3," in letters argent. The personal arms are quartered on an escucheon en surtout, and bear sur le tout du tout the BuLOW coat : Azure, fourteen balls, 4, 4, 3, 2, i, or.
The Counts of Ingenheim and Blumenthal, and the Barons CODEVE, bear the Prussian eagle in the ist and 4th quarters. In the arms of the Counts von Dyrrhn it occupies the 2nd, and in those of the Comtes Schlieben both the 2nd and 3rd quarters.
Sometimes it is borne on an escucheon en surtout, as in the arms of DOMHARD : Quarterly, i and 4. Sable, a garb or ; 2 and 3. Azure, a horse saliant argent ; all within a bordure or. Over all an escucheon of tlie Royal Anns of PRUSSIA. It is so also in the arms of the Counts Gotter, and of the Counts GUROWSKI ; the latter bear : Chequy of 64 panes argent and azure ; over all an esaicheon of tlu Royal Anns of PRUSSIA.
At times only a portion of the arms is borne, as in the coat of Carlo WITZ : Per pale : — (a) the arms of PRUSSIA
( '6s )
dimidiated ; (b) Gules^ three roses argent^ barbed verty seeded or ; or in those of Altrock : The Royal Arms of Prussia dimidiated ; impaling^ GuleSy on a terrace verty a greyfiaund rampant argent^ collared or, the whole within a bordure of the third.
Sometimes the shield is divided per fess, and the augmentation is placed in chief, as in the arms of ECK- HARDSTEIN ; Per fess within a bordure or: — (i, in chief) t/ie Royal Arms ^PRUSSIA ; (2) Per bend or and azure, over all a fess gules thereon three acorns argent.
In modern times the much-prized decoration of the Iron-Cross has been used as an augmentation of the arms, and some of the most interesting coats are thus treated (the Iron-Cross is a cross /^//(? j^^/^?, with varying dates and cyphers, and bordered argent.
To Prince Blucher there was granted the following coat: Quarterly, I and 4. Argent, the eagle of PRUSSIA ; 2. Or, a sword in bend argent, surmounted by the baton of a Field- Marslial of PRUSSIA in bend sinister, both enfiled by a laurel wreath proper ; 3. Or, the Iron-Cross proper. Over all the personal arms : Gules, two keys addorsed paleways argent. With this were borne four coroneted helms and crests : — i. The eagle of PRUSSIA ; 2. Two keys in saltire ; 3. The sword and baton in saltire ; 4. A banner of the third quarter. The supporters are two eagles of PRUSSIA regardant. With this we may place the arms granted to Count von MOLTKE : Or the Iron-Cross touching t/ie borders of the shield (it has on the upper arm the initial W of silver, surmounted by the Royal crown gold ; on the others the dates 1861, 1866, 1870). On an escucJuon, en surtout, the personal arms: Argent, three funs sable. The crest is : — Out of an open crown a panache of seven peacock's feathers charged with a disc bearing the Royal Arms of PRUSSIA, with the escucheon of HOHENZOLLERN on the breast of the eagle. The supporters are two eagles of PRUSSIA, each
( i66 )
gorged with a golden crown and bearing a French " eagle " with its flag, all proper. Motto : erst wAgen
DANN WAGEN.
We may notice that the Prussian eagles are often given as supporters or crests by way of augmentation ; and that these of vON MOLTKE are formed upon those granted to Count von Wrangel, whose eagles bore the Dannebrog {Gules ^ a cross argent), the dexter flag charged with the date 1848; the sinister with 1864; and each having in its dexter canton two swords in saltire proper.
Frederick II., King of Prussia, in 1782, granted to the Earl of CLARENDON the right to bear his arms supported on the breast of the Prussian eagle. In 1791, the Earl of Malmesbury had an augmentation granted to him of ^ chief argent^ tftereon tlu Prussian eagle, etc., as in the Royal Arms of PRUSSIA.
In the arms of Count von ROON the quartered shield is ent^ en point, Argent, tlu Iron- Cross proper.
The arms granted to Count Hardenberg in 18 14, resembled those of BlOcher: Qtiarterly, i. PRUSSIA; 2. Or, a mural crown gules between tivo laurel branc/ies vert; 3. Or, the Iron- Cross proper ; 4, Azure, two keys addorsed paleways or. Over all (the personal arms) : Argent, a boar's liead sable, crined or.
The arms of Prince von BISMARCK, Duke of Lauen- BURG, have not been augmented ; they are : Azure, a stemless trefoil or, in each interval between the leaves of an oak-leaf argent {v. Vol. I., Plate XXXII., fig. 9). But to these arms the following supporters have been joined in augmentation ; first (when the Prince was created Count in 1865), the black eagle of PRUSSIA, and the red eagle of Brandenburg (they are ornamented as in the Royal Escucheon, i.e., the Prussian eagle bears on its breast an
•
escucheon of HOHENZOLLERN ; the other that borne for the electoral dignity, viz., Azure, a sceptre in pale or). Second (when he received the rank and title of Prince
( i67 )
in 1 871), these supporters were made to bear banners, the dexter charged with the arms of LOTHRINGEN (Lorraine, ante^ p. 123), the sinister with the arms of Els ASS (Alsace) : Gules ^ a betid between six open crowns in orle or. The crest is : Out of an open crown, a Royal Crown, between two horns per f ess alternately argent and azure. The motto is : In Trinitate Robur. The achievement is surrounded by a mantle of purple, lined with ermine, and surmounted by the princely crown.
A considerable number of grants have been made to other persons of less importance, who have had their arms augmented with tJu Iron-Cross proper on a chief argent ie.g, Flockher, Feldmann, Baumelster, Eskens, Mettler, Nachtigal, etc) ; or have had it granted as a portion of the crest {e,g, Hagen, Gundel, Hartrott, etc.) Crosses of the Orders of the Black Eagle, St. John, the Red Eagle, and that Pour-le-M^rite have been occasionally used in something like the same way. Since the institution of the ORDER OF THE Crown, in 1861, a pretty frequent use has been made of a chief of dark blue (the colour of its ribbon) charged (not with the Cross of the Order but) with a golden crown, by way of augmentation.
Sweden. — Gustavus Adolphus, King of Sweden, granted in 1627 to Sir Henry St. George an augmen- tation as follows : Argent^ a chief azure, over all a lion rampant gules crowned or ; on a canton of augmentation, of the last an escucheon of tlie Royal Arms of Sweden : {Azure, three open crowns or.)
To many of the Swedish generals, especially in the eighteenth century, augmentations were granted consist- ing of coats of elaborate quarterings, often separated by a cross patee-throughout, and generally lacking in true heraldic taste. These are the coats in which one meets cannon, and bombs, and the panoply of modern warfare. A curious mode of augmentation was the grant of the
( i68 )
crowned Royal-cypher either to be borne as a quartering, or (still more strangely) to be placed between the crests. The Barohs Schmidt thus use the figures XIV. between two interlaced C's, beneath a Royal Crown. In the arms of the Barons Tavvast the first quarter is: Azure, tJie Royal- Cypher G A beneath a Crown^ and having within tlie G the figures IV, all or. The Counts of the same name have a like quarter, but the cypher is of inter- laced C's,enclosing thefiguresXIII. The Counts Ugglas^ in 1799, have the like quarter, but the cypher is G III.
The Barons FLEETWOOD, of English descent, were so created in 1654, and had a grant of the following arms : Quarterly^ separated by a cross pat/e-throughout argent^ I and 4. A rgenty a lion rampant gules ; 2 and 3. Azure^ a Royal-Crown or. En surtout the anns of FLEETWOOD : Per pale nebuly azure and or^ six martlets^ 2, 2, 2, counter-changed,
Spain. — The arms granted to Columbus show the mode adopted at that time in conferring heraldic distinctions. His first grant was, Tierced in mantle: I. Castile ; 2. Leon, Argent y a Hon rampant gules crowned or ; 3. (in base) Azure (representing the sea), studded with islands argent , bearing trees proper , and the soil strewn with golden grains. The crest was the Royal Orb with its cross. Later these arms were thus amplified : Quarterly, i. Castile ; 2. Leon ; 3. Azure, sem^ of islands, and half surrounded by terra-firma argent, all bearing tropical trees vert, and sem^ zvith golden grains ; 4. Azure, five ancJiors in salt ire or. The whole escucheon Ent^ en point ; Barry wavy argent and azure (Plate VI., fig. I).
Herman Cortez had assigned to him : Quarterly, I. Or, the Imperial eagle sable ; 2, Sable, three antique crowns or ; 3. Gules, a lion rampant or ; 4. Azure, rising out of a base barry-wavy argent and of t lie field, the City of Mexico proper. On an escucheon en surtout the arms
t *
'^.
1 .
>-A
- \
WATPSHROLLB TOK ZUBIOH.
( i69 )
of ArragoN: Or^ four pallets gules ; xvithin a bordure of Calabria {Argent, tlureon eight crosses potent sable).
Sometimes grants of augmentation consisted of a bordure of Castile ; or of a bordure compon^ of Cas- tile and Leon.
Vasco da Gama, whose arms were : Chequy of fifteen (in three perpendicular rows) Or, and gules, on each piece of tfte last two bars-gemels argent, had an augmentation of the Royal Arms of PORTUGAL to be borne en surtout. {v. Plate X., fig. 2.)
The coat (Plate X., fig, 6) granted to the Incas of Peru by the Emperor CHARLES V., at Valladolid in 1544, may be here recorded, it was : Tierced in f ess: — (a) Azure, a sun in splendour or; (b) Vert, a rainbow proper enclosing t/ie Imperial eagle sable, and having on either side a serpent ondoyant paleways argent ; (c) in base. Gules, tJte castle ^Castile or. Above the escucheon a serpent gliding fessways proper ; as a quasi crest, but not on a helm or crown.
( 172 )
(though) I suppose few or none of us know it !" But PlanchE is undoubtedly right in thinking that " no positive rules as to the modeof differencingwere ever gene- rally laid down, or at any rate attended to." The variety of the differences which we shall presently adduce prove the correctness of this assertion, yet there is no doubt that in early times the brisure most generally adopted was the bend (or bendlet) sinister. The old French writer DE Varennes remarks : — " Que tous les H^rauts d'armes par un consentement general ont affect^ cette seule pi^ce des escus d'armes que nous appellons barre " to this purpose (but see Vol I., p. 144).'
From the position of this bendlet, drawn diagonally from the upper sinister corner of the escucheon to its dexter base, came the familiar expressions applied to persons of illegitimate birth, " etre de c6t^ gauche,*' and " von der Hncken seite."
We have seen (Vol. I., p. 144) that the French name of the bend-sinister is une barre, and from this circumstance originated the common, but utterly incorrect, expression " a bar-sinister,'' often used by persons who ought to know better. But the ^^r (being a horizontal piece, a diminutive of the Fess), is not used like the French barre as a brisure for illegitimacy ; a bar-sinister is an absurdity and impossibility. The bend-sinister, usually diminished to the size of a bendlet or baston, was one of the earliest, and most generally used brisures adopted to denote illegitimacy. In later times, as we shall see, it was further diminished into a still narrower bend called a filet en barre ; and, later still, this was no longer carried across the whole of the shield but was shortened at both ends into the baton-sinister, or the baton pM in barre. Planch£, quoting from the earliest of our English Rolls of Anns (that known as Glover's Roll, circa 1240-5) gives an instance of the baston being, as he thinks, a mark of illegitimacy. Richard LE Fitz Marmaduke
nXKaiTDCAOT.
IS w
1 Jam, UtUnl da Baargopia. 3. PhiUipe, le BItud, Soignenr
-. Hvignsor de U'&okua G, rhilli|i«, St. da Crubc<|Uv
(.173 )
" de goules ung fesce et trois papegayes d'argent a ung baston d'azure surtout." (The arms of Marmaduke de TWENG were the same without the baston.) But we must notice that the position of the baston is not specified as sinister, and the illegitimacy of the bearer is not clear.
The twelfth article of Les CoAtuvies Centrales des trois Bailliages de Lorraine provides that : —
" Les Bastards advouez des Gentilshommes seront de la condition des gens anoblis, pourveu qu'ils suivent Testat de noblesse, et porteront tel nom et titre que leur Pere leur voudra donner. Mais ils barreront leurs surnoms, etc., leurs signatures, et porteront les armes de leur Pere barr^es de barres traversantes entierement TEcusson de gauche a droit, et ne leur sera loisible ny i leur descendans d'oster les barres." I have not observed any instance in which a signature was thus " bastardised," though documents may exist to which such signatures were appended. The open way in which the appel- lation of " Bastard " was used in the Middle Ages upon seals, and in documents written or signed by persons of illegitimate descent, is sufficient to assure us that no feeling of shame would have prevented them from rendering obedience to such ordinances as those quoted.
The Ordonnances which were appointed in 1616 by the Archduke ALBERT and his wife for the regulation of the use of arms in the Low Countries (and which form the foundation of CnKlSTY'i^' ^ Jurisprudentia Historicd) prescribe :
" Ut spurio sanguine nati, quamvis rescripto Principis legitimati, ipsi Bastardi et naturales, barram insignibus interserant ; Eorum autem liberi insignam notam quae a secundo genitis legitimis rite eos distinguat." Here in the second generation, it will be seen that some striking difference might replace the barre, or bend-sinister. {^See ROUCK, Den Nederlandtschen Herauld, p. 343 ; fol. Amst., 1645.)
( 174 )
Jean de St. Remy, Roi d'Armes de TOrdre de la Toison d*Or in 1463, gives the following among the Ordon^ nances of the Dukes of BURGUNDY relating to marks of illegitimacy. " Un bastard doit porter ses armes comme son Pere, avec un traverse, et prendre son surnom de la Seigneurie dont son dit Pere s'attitule, et point es surnom de son Pere, n'estoit qu'il eust tel titre et surnom que les dites armes. Le Bastard ne peut oster la dite traverse sans le conge et licence du chef des armes, et de ceux du lignage portans les dites armes si ce n'estoit qu'il les voulut mettre en un faux escu." {See Menetrier, Recherclies du Blason, p. 220.) From this noteworthy statute we find that the traverse, or bend-sinister, might be disused, and a less prominent difference substituted for it, under certain circumstances.
Seton in his book on the Law and Practice of Heraldry in Scotland^ referring apparently to the passage quoted above, says (p. 463), " According to Menetrier a bastard cannot cancel or alter the baton without the consent of the chief of the family, unless he carries his arms in an oval escucheon called a cartouche or false shield." Here Seton is clearly not quoting from MenStrier at first hand, but from Nisbet, who appears to have overlooked the important fact that the consent of the other members of the family as well as of its chief was requisite. Moreover, Menetrier is speak- ing of the traverse^ or bend-sinister, and not of its modern and less obtrusive diminutive the baton. But I refer to this passage of NiSBET, repeated in Seton, mainly for the purpose of pointing out that the faux escu to which the Ordonnances refer is not, as these writers suppose, ^^ an oval escucheon called a cartouche ^ or false shield. (In Vol. II., p. 26, NiSBET repeats "*faux escu,' ?>., false shield which we take for a car- touche." By reference to plate i. in his first volume we find that this cartouche is a simple oval escucheon.)
( »7S )
Such oval escucheons, or cartouches, are of frequent use in foreign armory, especially by ecclesiastics, and certainly have never been in any nation a mark of illegitimacy. But the faux escu is simply a shield with a bordure. This is clear when we consider the meaning attached by the old heralds to the word faux; it is equiva- lent to voided. Thus in Glover'S Roll, JOHN DE ViPONT bears '*degoules k six faux rondlets d'or," the charges being the well-known annulets. Again, Roger Ber- tram bears " de goules et ung faux escucion et croisele d'or," while in the Roll of Artns of the time of Edward I. the same arms are thus drawn. Gules, crusilly an orle or. There are many examples, but one more will suffice. The familiar coat of John Balliol : Gules, an orle argent, is blazoned in Glover'S Roll, "de goules ove ung faux escocheon d'argent." That of Eustace de Balliol in the same Roll is given as: '' d'asur aufaus escoc/ieon dor crusule dor. The faux escu is clearly there- fore a shield with an orle, or bordure, within which the arms of the bastard might be borne. It is, however, right to add that at least one Continental Herald of the first rank applies the term escu faux — {scutum falsum) — to the plain shields upon which the arms of bastards were borne in a quarter, or large canton, Spener, Opus Heraldicum, p. gen., p. 360. Of this use examples are given below. (Plate XVI., fig. 6; and Plate XVII., fig. 2.)
Another of the Burgundian Ordonnances, given by MenIitrier from St. Remy, is as follows : —
" Les fils de Bastards, nez et procreez en loyal mariage, si leur mere est gentil femme, doivent porter leurs armes ecarteldes de Pere et de Mere, ayant tousiours la traverse au quartier du Pere, ou si autrement les veulent porter sans traverse les peuvent porter toutes pleines en un faux escu."
But we must not imagine that every coat which bears
( 176 )
a traverse, or a bend let-sinister, is necessarily that of a person of illegitimate descent. Marks of bastardy were never brought under strict rules, and in early days there was even less attempt at systematic arrangement than in later times. PlanchE observes that "in the Roll of Edward II.'s time the legitimate sons bear batons and bends," whilst, to our surprise, we find " Sir JOHAN LOVEL le bastarde'' bearing the arms of LoVEL : Undt^e or ami gules y differenced with un label de azure !** the usual mark of cadency appropriated to legitimate offspring. But I incline to believe that this appropriation of the label to "Sir JOHAN LoVEL le bastarde'' \s an error. It appears from the Roll temp, Edward I. that there were two Sir JOHN LOVELS living at the same time. In the ^(7// neither is called " le bastard; but while one differences with a label azure, the other uses a bendlet sable. This is obviously a much more likely coat to have been borne by " le bastard,'' and I accord- ingly think that the chronicler of the Roll of Edward II. has wronged the legitimate John in this matter.
I have in my cabinet an impression from a seal of the fifteenth century of which the legend is ♦ <§iBiHtttn J0hi0 basiarii ie ffilgftorbe armig: The coat of Clifford: Cliequy or and azure a f ess gules, is debruised by a bend- let (dexter) which, however, passes under the fess. (This seal is described in Brit Mus. Cat, vol ii., No. 8663.) The supporters are two wyverns. Among the knights made by Edward III. at the siege of Calais in 1347 was " Sir . . . . Grey, Le basterd,'' who bore the arms of GREY {Gules, a lion rampant within a bordure engrailed argent) debruised by a boston (dexter) sable. In the BOROUGHBRIDGE^^/Zthisbaston \s gobon^ argent and gules.
Sir John de Warren, natural son of John, last Earl of the ancient house of Warren, who died in 1347,
( 177 )
bore the arms of Warren : Chequy or and azure with a canton of (the arms of his mother, ALICE DE Nerford) GuleSy a lion rampant ertnine (v, ante, p. 33, and Plate V., fig. 6). Two other illegitimate brothers of Sir JOHN are said by BROOKE to have borne the legitimate differences of, in one case a chief argent ; in the other of a bordure engrailed sable. (See Spener, Opus Her., p. g., p. 360.) Sir William de Warren, another natural son of the Earl, is reported to have borne : Chequy or and azure, a chief ermine (Watson*s Memoirs of the Earls of Warren and Surrey, ii., 67). Ranulf DE WARREN is said to have used : Argent, the arms of WARREN upon a pile. {Ibid., ii., iii.)
The curious coat of PETER FiTZWARIN which appears on his seal in 1332 {Cat. of Seals in Brit. Mus., vol. ii., No. 9788), is worthy of notice, as being possibly an instance of illegitimacy indicated in a singular way. The shield is charged with a bend-compony, but the lines in bend-sinister which form the compons are alternately plain and indented. The bend, therefore, practically consists of a succession of representations of the arms of Fitz-WARYN : Quarterly, per fess indented (tinctures not given, but properly argent and gules).
The earliest instance with which I am acquainted of the use of arms by a royal bastard is the case of FlTZ- ROY, natural son of Henry I., to whom is assigned : Argent, on a canton gules a lion of England. The Kentish Roll of Arms, probably of the close of the reign of Henry III., and erroneously called the Acre Roll, includes the arms of " Richard fiz le rey,'' who appears to be a natural son of King John. He bears the old arms of Normandy : Gules, two lions passant-gardant or; in other words, the arms of England differenced by the omission of one of the charges. Planch£ engraves the seal of John de Varenne, another illegitimate son of King John, which also bears two lions passant-gardant.
VOL. II. N
( 178 )
One of the ancient modes of indicating illegitimate descent was that by which the father's arms were borne in a bend on an otherwise uncharged shield. Thus the arms of Sir ROGER DE CLARENDON, natural son of Edward the Black Prince (d. 1 376), were : Or, on a bend sable three ostrich feathers, each having its quill fixed in an escroll argent. These were derived from the shield which was called by the Prince his "arms for peace " : — Sable, three ostrich feathers, the pen of each passing through an escroll argent bearing the motto ick iieiu. This shield, in accordance with the testa- mentary instructions of the prince, is placed on his tomb in Canterbury Cathedral alternately with his " shield for war": — FRANCE and ENGLAND quarterly, with a label argent,
John de Beaufort, K.G., eldest natural son of John of Ghent by Katharine Swinford, bore : Per pale argent and azure (the well-known Lancastrian colours), on a broad bend the anns of LANCASTER : — ENGLAND, a label of Ykm^CE. {Cf Plates XVL, fig. 3, and XVI L, fig. I.) This John (created Earl and Marquis of SOMER- SET),and the other children of John, Duke of Lancaster, by Katharine Swinford, were legitimated by Act of Parliament (20 Richard II.); and then substituted for the above, the Royal Arms within a bordure coviponi argent and azure. His brother Cardinal Beaufort used the same with a crescent argent in the centre point for differ- ence ; and the other brother, Thomas, Duke of Exeter, made his bordure componi of ermine and azure. After 1417 he changed the bordure to argent and azure, on each pane of the latter a fleur-de-lis or.
It will be noticed that these arms were assumed or granted when the Beauforts were legitimated ; and accordingly that the bordure goboni was originally no more a mark of illegitimacy in England than it was in France, where it was a mark of legitimate cadency even
n.LEUITIMACY.
■1
4. Jean, Seigneur lU I'net.
(IPS
i- AKonic of CMtiU.
( 179 ) for Royal Princes {v, p. 26). Indeed, it had been so
used in England by Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester,
fourth son of Henry IV., the tinctures being argent and sable, (ANTIGONE, natural daughter of Duke Humphrey, bore her father's arms with a baton azure^ and impaled this coat with the arms of her husband, Henry Gray, Earl of Tankerville.)
The arms of the legitimated Beauforts are now borne by the SOMERSETS, Dukes of BEAUFORT, who descend from CHARLES Somerset, created Earl of Worcester, a natural son of Henry Beaufort, third Duke of Somerset. Charles originally debruised his father's arms with a baton, or bendlet-sinister, which did not pass over the bordure. His crest and badge were subjected to the same brisure {Excerpta Historica^ pp. 328, 329). His eldest son relinquished the baton, and, as if in obedience to the Ordonnance quoted at p. 173, assumed another insignem notavi by placing the whole Beaufort arms on a broad fess in a golden shield. This, however, w^as soon discontinued by his descendants. We may compare this use of the coat on the fess with the arms borne by Jean, bdtard de Bourgogne, {See Plate XVI., fig. 4.)
Sir John de Clarence, natural son of Thomas, Duke of Clarence, son of Henry IV., bore a coat composed from the Royal Arms : Per chevron gules and azure y in chief two lions counter-rampant-regardafit^ in base a fleur-de-lis^ or,
Mr Montagu also gives the following extract from the Cottoniaii MS. (Tiberius, E. viii.), in the British Museum. " The base son of a noble woman if he doe geve armes must geve upon the same a surcote .... but unless you doe well marke such coat (you) may take it for a coat flanched." This is illustrated by an example from Glover's MS. {Lansdowne MSS, 872), where a certain Radulphus DE ARUNDEL bears the
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coat of the Fitz-Alans, Earls of Akv ^DEL (Quar^er/j', I and 4. Gu/eSy a lion rampant or ; 2 and 3. Chequy or and azure) debruised by a ^^surcoai*' argent, the " surcoat " being the part of the field remaining between the flaunches, MONTAGU reasonably suspects that this Radulphus was a son of Cardinal Beaufort by the Lady Alice Fitzalan, daughter of Richard, Earl of Arundel.
An early instance of the baton p^ri en barre (J.e. the bendlet-sinister couped at both ends, and this is what Nisbet means when he speaks of a baton) is found in the arms of ARTHUR Plantagenet, Viscount LiSLE, natural son of Edward IV. by Elizabeth Lucy. He bore: Quarterly, i. FRANCE ^i/^ir/m;/^ ENGLAND; 2 and 3. Ulster {Or, a cross gules) ; 4, MORTIMER {cf, Plate IV., fig. 4) ; and over all a baton pM en barre azure. In the "List of Standards and Arms" in Excerpta Historica, p. 167, these arms of the House of York are debruised, not by the baton, but by a bendlet- sinister azure. From the same MS. we learn that crests and badges were also subjected to marks of bastardy. On his banner, which is of four stripes azure and purpure, the crest borne by Arthur Plantagenet: — the silver lion of March, is charged on the breast with a bendlet- sinister gules ; and his badge, the golden falcon and fetterlock, is similarly debruised. He also used another crest derived from the old Plantagenet badges; viz.: On a cap of maintenance gules, turned up ermine, and inscribed in front with tfie letter A, a genet gardant, per pale sable and argent, between two broom-stalks proper, {Excerpta Historica, p. 327.)
Henry Fitzroy Duke of Richmond and Somer- set (natural son of Henry VIII., by Elizabeth, widow of Sir GILBERT Talbot, bore : Tlie Royal Arms within a bordure quarterly of ermine, and of counter goboni or and azure, debruised by a baton-sinister argent.
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Over all an esctuheon of pretence : Quarterly gules ^ and vairi or and vert, a lion rampant argent^ on a chief azure a castle between two bucks heads silver, attired gold. {Excerpta Historica, p. 337.) The blazon given by Heylyn, Help to English History (Edn. of 1773) is somewhat different. This shield affords a good example of the debased state of armory in the time of HENRY VIII., on which we have already remarked. We have in it both bordure and baton where one alone was needed, and the complicated escucheon of pretence is a mystery unless we count it a further mark of illegitimacy. It was certainly not borne to denote marriage with an heiress, for the Duke's wife was Mary, daughter of Thomas Howard, Duke of Norfolk ; nor can we well suppose the arms to have been those borne by the Duke's mother; indeed if they were their employment by the Duke would be anomalous.
Much better heraldic feeling is evident in the entirely new coat granted in the same reign to " Sir John Stanley, bastarde'' : — Or, three eaglets legs erased gules ; on a chief azure three buck's heads cabossed of the field. Here, the stag's heads on the azure chief, are derived from the same bearings which appear on the azure bend of the STANLEYS ; and the eagle's legs are also taken from a Stanley badge. Six such legs, or, appear on the standard of the Earl of DERBY in the reign of Henry VIII. The field is tawny and vert, and bears also the Stanley crest. 4, Sir Roger Cholmeley, Chief Baron of the Exchequer
\^!*. (1546-1552), natural son of Sir RICHARD Cholmeley, ""' Constable of the Tower, bore: Gules, t/te ^^ sword of fustice'' in fess, betiveen in chief a helmet, and in base two garbs or. {Cf the Cholmondeley coat, Vol. I., Plate XXXIV., fig. 4.)
The illegitimate sons of CHARLES II. usually bore his arms debruised by a baton-sinister, but the ill-fated
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James Fitzroy (his son by Lucy Walters), created Duke of Monmouth, in 1663, had a grant of the following : — Quarterly^ i and 4. Ermine, on a pile gules three lions of ENGLAND ; 2 and 3. Or, a shield of France within the Royal- Tressure of Scotland, For this coat was afterwards substituted the Royal Arms, debriiised by a baton-sinister argent, and having over all an escucheon of ScOTT of BUCCLEUCH. The batons-sinister used by CHARLES FitzCharles, Earl of Plymouth, in 1675 ; and by Charles, Duke of Southampton, were respectively of vair, and of ermine. Those of Henry Fitzroy, Duke of GRAFTON ; and of George Fitzroy, Duke of Northumberland,
were gobon^ respectively of argent and azure ; and of ermine and azure. That of CHARLES Beauclerc, Duke of St. Albans, was of Gules, thereon three 7'oses argent, barbed and seeded vert, MARY TUDOR, daughter of King Charles II., had a grant of the Royal Arms within a bordure quartei'ly of ermine, and of counter- compotu^ argent and gules ; CHARLES LENNOX (his son
by Louise Ren£e de Penancoet de Keroualle,
Duchess of PORTSMOUTH and of AUBIGNY), bore the Royal arms within a bordure gobon^ gules and argent, tlie silver panes each charged with a red rose of ENGLAND ; over all an escucheon of AUBIGNY : Gules, three buckles or.
The arms of James Fitz-James, Duke of Berwick, son of James 1 1., were those of the King, within a bordure gobom^ gules and azure charged alternately with lions of E'SGLAND, and ^eurs-de-lis of France, Henry FlTZm^ James (the Grand Prior), and his sister HENRIETTA, bore the Royal arms debruised by a baton-sinister of
France.
Lady KATHARINE Darnley, daughter of jAMES II. by Katharine Sedley, bore the Royal arms within a bordure compont^ of ermine, and of FRANCE.
*
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In later times WiLLiAM GEORGE Fitz-Clarence, Earl of MUNSTER, bore the arms of his father William IV. (omitting the crown from the escucheon of Hanover ; and its official surtoui) debruised with a baton sinister azure^ thereon three anchors or.
This closes the list of the Royal Bastards of ENGLAND who were acknowledged by their parents, or created Peers of the Realm. Space does not permit us to record p their crests and supporters here, but we may remark that
IF the crests granted to them were usually formed out of
I the Royal Crest, a chapeau being substituted for the
crown, the lion being also crowned with a parti-coloured coronet, and gorged with the compon^ collar. The sup- porters were formed similarly; and a greyhound, or horse, often replaces the unicorn.
Having seen that the usual differences for Royal bastards were the baton-sinister and the bordure gobon^y we now turn again for instances of the English practice to examples of less illustrious origin. The common difference was certainly the bendlet-sinister (afterwards shortened into the baton-sinister, the baton p^ri en bane of the French heralds), thus the Mainwarings of Croxton (who descend from the family of that name at Over Peover), in 1 546 bore the arms : Gules, two bars argent, differenced by a bendlet or. There are plenty of similar examples, but other modes of brisure were occasionally employed. CONYERS of Essex and York- shire, bore the arms {Azure, a maunch or, debruised by a bendlet-goboni ermine and gules). This appears to be a mark of illegitimate descent, though it must be admitted that in early Rolls of Arms the bendlet-gobon/ has not always this intent. CUTHBERT TUNSTALL, Lord Bishop and Palatine of Durham, 15 30- 15 59 (who is said to have been an illegitimate offshoot of the old TUNSTALL family which bore : Sable, three combs argent), changed the tincture of his coat from sable to azure
'•J.
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(See Tonge's Visitation of Dur/iavi, p. 26, Surtees Society).
William Herbert, son and heir of Sir Richard Herbert (elder of the two natural sons of William, first Earl of Pembroke), was created Baron Herbert of Cardiff, and Earl of PEMBROKE, in 1551. He bore the Herbert arms {Per pale azure and gules y three lions ram- pant argent) within a bordure-gobon^ or and gules, on each pane of the last a bezant, {See Camden's Visitation of Huntingdonshire y 161 3, p. 17.) This bordure was dis- continued by the third Earl, and was not replaced by any other "notable mark." It would be curious to inquire if the assumption of the full arms of the family had the sanction of the College of Arms.
In 1603, Sir Thomas Egerton was created Baron Ellesmere, and in 16 1 6, Viscount Bracklev. He was a natural son of Sir Ralph Egerton, Lord High Chancellor, who died in 161 6, just as he was about to be created Earl of Bridgewater, and this title was conferred on his son. He bore the EGERTON coat (Argenty a lion rampant gules between three p/ieons sable), with the brisure of a bordure engrailed of the last. Here we have the bordure-engrailedy which is a mark of lawful cadency, improperly used to indicate bastardy ; and even it was dropped, apparently in or after 1720, when the Egertons had become Dukes of Bridgewater.
In 1627, MoNTjOY Blount, natural son of Charles, Earl of Devonshire, was created an English Baron ; and in the next year, Earl of NEWPORT. He bore the arms of Blount {Barry nebuly or and sable) within a bordure-goboni argent and gules, JOHN SWYNBURNE, of Chopwell, Durham, an illegitimate son of JOHN SwYNBURNE, of Nafiferton, had, in 155 1, the SwYNBURNE arms {Perfess gules and argent, three cinquefoils counter- changed) within a bordure goboni argent and gules.
In the Visitation of Huntingdon, published by the
MAKSHALUNO.
1. Conilla <)• Bsrshea. 2. SpinoU, Hftrq. de loa TtalbMeii.
iiiiu/ III BarnUin.
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Camden Society, the pedigree of Baldwyn of Stoughton in that county, has a shield of quartered arms : I. Baldwyn, Per pale azure and or^ a fleur-de-lis between three crescents counter-changed ; the second quarter is : Or, a lion rampant purpure, the base enti (curved) argent. To appearance this latter is a coat of Lacy, debruised for bastardy. But another use of the ent^ is recorded under Marshalling.
The laxity and venality which brought the old heralds into disrepute come out in connection with this matter of marks of bastardy. In 1661, HOLME writes to DUGDALE on behalf of a young gentlewoman who was illegitimate . . . . " not to have a Batune across the Coat," but to change the tinctures. The fee offered is five pounds. The postscript to the letter is as follows : " There is an aldermane's sone in Chester whose great-grandfather was base borne, whom I have been treating with sev'all tymes about the alteration of his coat, telling him for ;^io and not under it may be accomplished ; five he is willing to give, but not above ; if y^ please to accept of that sume y'^ may writt me a line or two." {^Herald and Genealogist, ii., 151.)
The Byrons, Lords Byron, originally bore their coat
(^Argent, three bendlets enhanced gules) within a bordure
sable. The fact is stated in Foster's Peerage, but not
% the reason why. This we find in the most valuable
•i Complete Peerage of Mr COKAYNE,*^V(^rri^/," now in course
r of publication (vol. ii., p. 98). The family was of ille-
\ gitimate descent ; Sir John Byron of Newstead, and the
next two or three generations, bore the brisure^ and then
quietly allowed it to drop.
The Montagus, Dukes of Manchester ; and the Earls of Sandwich, retain a bordure sable as the differ- ence of the MONTACUTE coat : Argent, three fusils con- joined in f ess gules. This, it is said, marks descent from Simon, a younger brother of John, the third Montacute
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Earl of Salisbury. But Sir Egerton Brydges (in his edition of COLLINS' Peerage, vol. ii., pp. 42-43), points out that there is not the slightest evidence of the existence of this Simon ; and that the bordure was probably assumed as a mark of illegitimacy to denote the descent of the MONTAGUS from James Montagu of Ludsdowne in Kent, natural son of THOMAS, last Earl of Salisbury.
A bordure-gobon^ argent and azure was the brisure used with the arms of SHEFFIELD {Argent, a chevron between three garbs gules) by CHARLES HERBERT, or Sheffield, natural son of John, Duke of Normanby and Buckingham.
In 1780 Mr Zachary of Arley -kings in the county of Worcester, obtained a patent entitling him to quarter the arms of Sacheverell {Argent, on a saltire azure five waters bougets or) within a bordure-wavy enninois. His maternal ancestor William Muckelow had married Frances, natural daughter of Henry Sacheverell of Morley who died in 1620. I know of no earlier example than this of the use of the bordure-wavy for the purpose of indicating illegitimate descent, though in modern times it has become the special mark employed by the English Officers of Arms. It is note- worthy that DUGDALE had already granted in 1665 the Sacheverell arms within a plain bordure gules to George Sacheverell, the son of Valence, another illegitimate child of HENRY Sacheverell.
In 1 78 1, John Ingleby, natural son of Sir John Ingleby of Ripley, was created a baronet, and bore his paternal arms {Sable, an estotle argent) with the difference of a bordure engrailed gobon^ or and gules.
The Manners arms, differenced by a bordure-wavy gobony argent and sable, were borne by JOHN MANNERS, of Grantham (a natural son of Lord William Manners), whose son William was created a baronet in 1793. In
V-
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this case the crest was differenced by the addition of a bendlet'sinister wavy, gobon^ or and sable. The sinister bendlet-wavy is often used in modern practice to differ- ence the crests of the persons whose arms are debruised by the bordure-wavy. In the crests of RiCH, Wynd- HAM, and Eustace, and possibly in others, a saltire wavy or, has been substituted for it, for no apparent reason. In another, that of Harvey, the crest has no mark of illegitimacy. In other cases, such as PUNSHON, it has been converted into a pallet-wavy azure^ which is almost unobservable on the body of a lamb passant.
In the curious series of grants to the seven natural children of Colonel Thomas Legh of Lyme (d. 1797), the crests of the three sons are differenced by pallets- wavy of variant tinctures. Only one of these lines survives.
No good object would be served by giving here a detailed account of the many modern instances in which the present brisure of a bordure-wavy has been granted. The curious inquirer will find sufficient examples in the plates of any Baronetage. There are one or two instances in which other bordures, nebuU ox dovetail, have been used with similar intent.
The arms of the munificent Sir Richard Wallace, adopted son and testamentary heir of the Marquess of Hertford, were a new coat derived from the arms of the family of Wallace : Gules, on a pile betzveen two ostrich's heads erased argent, each holding in its beak a horseshoe or, a lion rampant of the field. (It is now understood that, though the Baronet was not of legiti- mate descent, he was not, as at one time reputed, the son of the Marquess himself)
We may sum up the foregoing as concerning English use thus : — The chief marks of illegitimacy were the bendlet, or baton-sinister ; though sometimes the faux escu, or a shield with a bordure, was employed. Instead
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of the paternal arms thus debruised, an entirely new coat was sometimes granted, the charges of which had some plain reference to the bastard's parentage. Later, the bordure-gobon^^ originally a mark of legitimate cadency, became a recognised mark of illegitimacy. Since the close of last century the bordure-wavy has been the ordinary difference, or brisure, employed by the Officers of Arms, in England and Ireland, in grants to persons of illegitimate descent. The crests of persons to whom arms have been granted thus debruised, are differenced, sometimes by the use of wavy lines of partition, some- times by the addition to them of wavy pallets, saltires, or more generally of bendlets-sinister.
We may remark that the bordure-wavy, now so often used, may be quite as fitting a mark of illegitimacy as the old baton, or sinister-bendlet, if only its import be generally recognised. But as the knowledge of heraldry becomes more diffused, and the meaning of the bordure- ivavy more generally understood, we may expect that the complaisance which caused its substitution for the older and better known brisures of illegitimacy will again devise some other less known mark, in disregard of the fact that armorial insignia were intended to be plain and clear evidence of descent, and to speak with no ambiguous voice as to the origin of their bearers. It seems to me that in the case of persons whose susceptibilities are too tender to permit them to bear plain and distinct evidence of their descent, the alternative and ancient plan should be adopted, and a new coat composed, as in the instances given of Cl.\renxe, Stanlev,Cholmeley, and Wallace. This is a course which does wrong to no man ; and which seems, to me at least, more honour- able and straightforward than that of granting the paternal arms with such obscure differences as (even if they continue to be carried) to confound their bearers with the legitimate cadets of an ancient family.
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With regard to this matter, I am obh'ged to differ from my late friend Mr BOUTELL, who thinks that "this very ambiguity may not be the least satisfactory element of the existing practice" {English Heraldr}\ p. 196). The ambiguity may, I admit, be satisfactory to those who have cause to desire it ; but it is not so, I think, to the legitimate cadets. A cadet of a great house, bearing his coat-armour properly differenced, will hardly hear with satisfaction that his illegitimate kinsmen, after perhaps a brief use of the bordure-wavy, have dropped it altogether, and in painted glass and sculptured stone set up for themselves the undifferenced arms of the family, and so claim a position superior even to that of the lawful cadets.
Still the brisures of illegitimacy may, upon fit occasion, be removed by proper authority. A modern instance occurs to me in which a baronet who bore his arms thus differenced, received a grant of the undifferenced arms of his family on the occasion of his being created a peer of the realm.
Scotland. — In Scotland at an early period distinctive marks for bastardy seem to have been rarely if ever employed ; families of illegitimate descent bore differ- ences which were also borne by lawful cadets. In his Preface to the Excfiequer Rolls ^ vol. i., p. cxxx., Dr Burnett records one case which may possibly be an exception to the then general rule. MARGARET, wife of Robert Glen, was a natural daughter of King Robert Bruce. Marion, one of the co-heiresses of Glen married {temp, Robert III.) Sir John Boswell of Balgregie and brought him the estate of Balmuto. Since that time the BOSWELLS have quartered a coat which has no resemblance to that of Glen, but has been conjectured to be that of Abernethy, viz. : Or^ a lion rampant gules, over all a ribbon sable. But no heiress, or co-heiress, of Abernethy is known to have married a Glen ; and, as
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the ribbon was a general mark of bastardy, it seems probable that this coat may indicate descent from the natural daughter of Robert Bruce,
The third and later Earls of DOUGLAS were illegitimate, and to the DOUGLAS Earls of ANGUS the deeper stain attached of incestuous bastardy, yet they all carried the simple Douglas coat ; and the families of Drumlanrig and Cavers, sprung from two natural sons of the second Earl of Angus, bore : the one a bordure engrailed gules ^ the other a plain bordure gules, perhaps at first azure. After Drumlanrig was made Earl of QuEENSBERRY he was permitted to make his bordure plain, and change its tincture to or. His descendant the first Marquess received permission to place upon this golden bordure the double tressure of Scotland, and so to convert his brisure for illegitimate descent into a great additament of honour. (See Herald and Genealogist, iii., 506.) It should be noted that Cavers bore only the arms of Douglas, but Drumlanrig quartered therewith the coat of Mar, for difference. On the other hand Sir WILLIAM Douglas of Nithsdale, natural son of the third Earl of
Douglas, carried (according to Sir David Lindsay)
Douglas debruised by a riband or, and quartered with Edgar, for the lordship of LiDDESDALE.
The majority of Churchmen, whether legitimate or not, used to bear the undifferenced coat of their family. Bastards of the Royal House, however, even when ecclesiastics, had usually, though not always, some difference suggesting their illegitimate birth ; a bend, or bendlet, though also in use for legitimate differencing, being the most frequent. Thus THOMAS STEWART, Archdeacon of St. Andrews, a natural son of ROBERT n., carried SCOTLAND debruised by a bend counter- compony (Laing, ii., 931). Alexander Stewart, Earl of Mar by marriage, a natural son of the Wolf of Badenoch, bore no decided mark of bastardy, but
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quartered Or^ a fess chequy argent and azure between three crowns gules (a composite coat of Stewart and Garioch) with the arms of Mar.
James Stewart, Earl of Moray, natural son of James IV., bore the feudal coat of Moray, quartered with Scotland debruised by a bendlet.
Robert Stuart, natural son of James V., Abbot, afterwards Commendator, of Holyrood, bore at one time the arms of SCOTLAND undififerenced. (It should be re- membered that the external ornaments of ecclesiastical dignity were in themselves an adequate difference.) His son Patrick, Earl of Orkney, quartered Scotland debruised by a riband^ with the feudal arms of that Earldom. Francis Stuart, afterwards Earl of Both- well, whose father, the Prior of Coldingham, w^as also a natural son of James V., had in 1665 the Royal coat differenced with a riband ; and later bore Vaus quartered with HEPBURN, and the undifferenced Royal coat en surtout. The Regent Moray (half brother of Robert Stuart, Commendator of Holyrood) used Scotland surmounted by a bendlet ; his descendants in the female line adopted the bordure-compont^^ thus : Quarterly^ i and 4. Tlu Royal Arms, within a bordure componi argent and azure ; 2. Or, a fess chequy argent and azure, for Stuart of DOUNE, husband of ELIZA- BETH, Countess of MORAY ; 3. Or, three cushions within tlie Royal'tressure gules, for the Earldom of MORAY. This bordure-compon^ was borne by the Stuarts of Avandale and Ochiltree, on whose legitimacy doubts had been thrown ; but one of the family, jAMES, Earl of Arran, to assert his claim to legitimacy, quartered Scotland undifferenced, and Stuart with a label of three points. Sir James Hamilton of Fynnart, the Bastard of Arran, sealed at one time with HAMILTON debruised by a bend, but later dropped the brisure and even assumed the tressure. Dr BURNETT informed me
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some years ago that in later times the bordure-componi had been adopted as a brisure " by illegitimate branches of other families, and is still to be found in the Lyon Register in modern times, e.g,^ GORDON of Cairnbulg, i8ii, and others, even in my time." But it was clearly understood to have no such meaning in the case of families who bore it of old, as the Wallaces of Ellerslie, and Hamilton of Preston and Fingalton. Later, when the bordurC'Componi had become used as a mark of illegitimacy, the Hamiltons took a plain bordure, and the Wallaces a bordure count er-compon^. In 1742 Archibald Campbell, heir of Ellerslie through his mother, registered the Wallace coat with the bordure- compon^ ; but in 1808, when Sir ILAY Campbell again recorded the coat, the bordure was altered to counter- compone, (It is a mistake of Seton that this last bordure (counter-compon^) was ever a mark of bastardy ; it occurs frequently in the Lyon Register as a mark of cadency for families known to be of legitimate descent
The late Mr Stodart brought to my notice an instance in the Lyon Register of 1763 where a double mark of bastardy is assigned to Colonel 'WiLLlAM Campbell, natural son of Archibald, Duke of Argyle ; viz., a baton-sinister guleSy and a bordure-componi argent and azure.
Hamilton, Lord Bargeny, who derived from a legitimate son of the first Marquess of Hamilton, bore Hamilton quartering Arran {Argent, a ship with furled sail sable) all within a bordure-componi argent and azure, t/ie argent panes charged with hearts gules, the azure with mullets argent (in fact a DOUGLAS bordure). The Hamiltons of Samuelston, who descend from Sir John Hamilton of Clydesdale, natural son of the first Earl of Arran, have a singular mark of illegitimacy ; Gules, a roundle chequy argent and azure between three cinque/oils of tfte second. The HAMILTONS of Blair,
MARaHA.LLINa AND ILLBGITIHACY.
Uichkel Anialo BuonwottL
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who derived from JOHN, Archbishop of St. Andrews, another natural son of the first Earl of Arran, bore : Hamilton and Arran quartered within a bordure-covi' pone argent and gules, charged alternately with saitires and buckles counter-cluinged.
The Murravs of Simprim descend from a natural son of the first Lord Elibank, and bear his arms differenced by a bordure-gobone argent and gules.
According to the present usage of the Lyon Office the bordure-gobont^ VQt2i\r\s the meaning which, as NiSBET says, has only attached to it by " Jate practices ; " and though in some ancient coats — for instance in that of the Stewarts, Earls of Castle-Stuart in Ireland — it is still retained as a mark of legitimate cadency, it is also the mark which is assigned in the Lyon Office at the present time as the proper difference for the illegiti- mate child of a person entitled to bear arms.
On the other hand the bordure-wavy, which as we have seen is employed for this purpose in England and in Ireland, is in Scotland a mark of legitimate descent. Dr BuRNtlTT could only find for me one instance in which it had been granted in Scotland as a mark ^f bastardy (Sharp of Kincarrochy, in 1813). (The bor- dures in the arms of WRIGHT, Erskine of Cambo, and OCHTERLONY, are English, not Scottish grants.).
The bordure-wavy as a Scottish mark of lawful cadency is borne by GRANT of Rothiemurcus ; GORDON of Rusco ; CRAUFURDof Cartsburn ; Gordon of Hallhead ; Campbells of Inveraw, etc. {See Nisbet, vol. ii., plate ii.). William, younger brother of Sir Robert Herries, had t\\Q bordure-wavy gules granted in 1789 as a legiti- mate difference. In 1872 it was granted by LVON to a cadet of the English family of ALSTON. In this case the bordure-ivavy or, charged with three fleurs-de-lis gules, may not improbably expose t^he legitimacy of the wearer to unfounded suspicion in England. It ought not to be
VOL. II. o
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difficult, I humbly think, for the Heraldic authorities of the three kingdoms to agree to some uniformity of practice in this matter. Ulstkr's present practice is identical with that of the Eni;lish College, but in 1542 an O'Neill differenced with a hcad/tt-sinistcr s<ily/i\ A plain bordnre gules seems to have been the dirfcrence assigned to some illegitimate Plunkktts, c. i6cx3, while another Plunkett descent is shown in the coat of Johnston: PLUNKETT i^itJun a bordurc-gobont' argoit and azure (BURKE, General Armory, 2\\i\ C(liti«>n, p. 545;. In 1705, \VlLLL\M Butler, natural son i)f Jamks, Duke of Ormonde, had a bend-sinister compoiu' argerJ and azure assigned as his difference.
We now turn our attention to the practice of other European states.
France. — One of the earliest instances which have come under my notice is the coat of Pierre, l^ishop of NOYON in 1240, a natural son of PiiiLir (AuciUSTUs) II. He bore Fr.vnCE-ANCTENT, ic//// ^r bend-sinister argent. This was also the brisure borne, with France-modern, by Henri, Chevalier d'Angouleme, Grand Prior of the Order of St. John in France, a natural son of Henri 1 1. Another son of Henri II., Henri de St. Rkmi de Valois, bore : Argent^ on a /ess tJie arms of France {Azure^ three fleurs-de-lis or\ These arms were retained by his descendants, of whom the last were Jeanne, Comtesse de la Motte (so notorious in connection with the story of the diamond necklace of Queen Marie Antoinette), and her sister Marianne.
Charles de Valois, Due d'Angouleme (natural son of Charles IX. by Marie Touchet), debruised the arms of France with a bend-sinister or,
Cesar, Due de V en do me (elder of the sons of Henri IV. by Garrielle d'Estr£ es), bore France- modern debruised by a baton guleSy thereon three lions rampant argent. This was derived from the brisure of
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the legitimate house of B0URB0N-Vend6me, which bore: France-ancient, over all a bend gules, ttiereon three lions rampant argent ; and to this last-named coat a bendlet'Sinister argent was added as a brisure by Jean, Bdtard de Venddme, a natural son of LOUIS, Comte de Vend6me (d. 1447). The legitimated children of LOUIS XIV. bore: France-MODERN, debruised by a baton sinister gules {un baton piri en barre).
The line of the Dukes of BoURBON, descending from the younger son of (St.) Louis IX. affords several interesting instances of illegitimate cadency, Jean, Bdtard de Bourbon, Sr. de ROCHEFORT, natural son of Duke Pierre I. (d. 1356), bore a plain silver shield with Bourbon on a quarter, or large canton {d* Argent, an franc quartier de FRANCE a la bande de gueules), (Plate XVII., fig. 2.) The Bourbon difference of a bend gules was diminished to a baton (dexter) after the reduction of the number oi fleurs-de-lis in the Royal Arms to three, and this coat, BoURBON-MODERN, was borne by the Princes de CONDfi, etc.
Jean, Bdtard de Bourbon, son of Duke Jean I., who died 1444, bore : BoURBON, over all a bend-sinister argent, Louis, Bdtard de Bourbon, Comte de RoussiLLON, Amiral de France (d. i486), son of Duke Charles I., bore : " un bdton noileux de gueulles mis en barre brochant sur le tout!' P^re Anselme (i. 308), makes the baton a bend-sinister noueux gules. His wife, Jeanne, Bdtarde
de France, (daughter of Louis XL, by Marguerite
SasSENAGE), bore, FRANCE-MODERN, a bend-sinister argent. (Spener erroneously gives him a bend-sinister gules. Op. Her., p. gen., p. 119.)
Mathieu, Baron de la Roche, le grand Bdtard de Bourbon (d. 1505) (Plate XVI !., fig. i), bore : Argent, on a bend the arms of BoURBON {d' Argent, a la bande de France, d la cotice de gueules). His sister Marguerite appears to have borne the modern arms of BoURBON,
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differenced by a second baton crossing the other in bend- sinister or, Reynaui), Bdtard de Bourbon^ son of Duke Chahles, as Archbishop of Narbonne in 1472, used the coat here assigned to Mathieu, Baron DE LA Roche.
In the Orleans line we find the following among^ others : — Le Bdtard d' OrUans (d. 1380), son of Phillipe, Due d'ORLfiANS, younger brother of King jEAN II., bore : France-ANCIENT, a label goboni argent and gules ^ over all a bendlet-sinister argent. This was borne by his brother Louis, Bishop of Poitiers, in 1392.
It has been said that the arms of the house of Orleans were France, a label argent. The celebrated Jean, Comte de DUNOIS, Bdtard d'OrUans, b. 1403,. was the son of Louis, Due d'ORLEANS, by Mariette d*Enghien, wife in 1389 of Robert, Seigneur de Cany, and had these arms differenced by a bendlet {or cotice) sinister sable, (Plate XVII., fig. 5.) CHARLES VII. per- mitted DUNOIS to change the position of the bendlet ta the dexter, as if he had been a legitimate cadet. As we find him later bearing the cotice argent^ the change of tincture was probably made on the same occasion ; but his descendants, the Dukes de LONGUEVILLE,. bore : ORLEANS, a bendlet-sinister gules. A son of DuNOis, Francois, Grand Chambellan de France, bore : Orleans, with a baton coupe in bend argent.
In the case of the bastards of the house of Anjou (of which the arms were FRANCE, a bordure gules) the bendlet-sinister does not pass over the bordure.
As a curious modern instance I give here the arms of the Due de MORNY, a notability of the Second Empire, and the moving spirit of the Coup d'etat of 2nd December. It is understood that he was a natural son of the Comte de Flahault by Queen HORTENSE. His arms were : Argent^ three martlets sable^ for Flahault ; within a bordure, compon^ of the arms of the FRENCH EMPIRE
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{AzurSy the eagle and thunderbolt or\ and of Dauphiny (Or, a dolphin einbowed azure,)
Flanders. — Baudou IN, Bdtard de Flandre, and his sister BEATRIX, children of LOUIS DE Cressy, Comtc de Flandre (d. 1351), both bore; Argent, on a canton (or quarter), the arms of FLANDERS ((?r, a lion rampant sable.) Their brother Robert bore the same but with the field crusily sable. Another brother Peterkin, whose name I do not find in Vr£e'S list, bore : Gules, a swan argent, and a canton of
Flanders.
Louis de Haeze, eldest of the illegitimate children
of Louis le Male, Count of Flanders (d. 1385),
bore : Vert, on a canton of t/ie arms of FLANDERS {v, r Armorial de Gelre) ; his daughter BEATRIX, and his other sons appear to have used the field argent. One of these Louis le Frison, Seigneur de Praet et de WoESTiNE, married Maria de Ghistelles, and their son Jean de Flandres, Seigneur de Praet, etc. : bore on his seal the arms of his mother. Gules, a chevron ermine, placing also the arms of Flanders on a quarter, for his father, and adding in the sinister chief point an escucheon, Argent, a lion rampant gules, crowned or, for LiMBURG. (5^^PlateXVII., fig. 4.)
The grandson of this Jean de Flanders was Louis, 4th Seigneur de PraKt, Chevalier de la Toison d'Or (No. clxxx.), Governor of Holland, and Chef des Finances to Charles V. According to Chifflet he bore Flanders, ''brisd d'une billette d' argent sur la patte droite du lyon^ But in Les Recherches des Antiquitez et Noblesse de Flandre it is said : " II porta de Flandres plein, sauf que la lyon a la premiere patte tenoit un anneau d'argent ; autres disent qu'il avait une espine au travers de la dicte patte. (In Maurice's plate it is a billet.)
Burgundy. — The most curious and interesting series of brisures for illegitimate descent is to be found in the
( 198 ) following notes on the arms of the principal bastards of
Burgundy.
Ghrlstyn, in h\s Jurisprudentia Heroica^ gives several brisures besides the baton : — la pointe couple ; le chef coupi ; la pointe triangUe ; le chef taille\ or tranche, or both ; esclopp^ d dextre^ et d senestre ; and the Burgundian series furnishes us with examples of all.
Jean, Bdtard de Bourgogne, son of Duke Jean, Sans peur (who died 1479), bore his father's arms : Quarterly : — I and 4. France, a bordure-gobon^ argent and gules ^ for Burgundy-modern ; 2. Bendy of six azure and or, a bordure gules, BURGUNDY-ANCIENT ; impaling, Sable, a lion rampant or, for BRABANT ; 3. BURGUNDY-ANCIENT (as before), impaling. Argent, a lion rampant gules, crowned or, for LiMBURG ; over all Flanders, Or, a lion rampant sable ; the whole debruised by a pointe, or champagne, or (this is la pointe couple of Christyn). {See Plate XVI., fig. I.) Later in life Jean took Holy Orders, and became Provost of Bruges and Bishop of Cambray. His fine seal, date 1482, is engraved in Vr£e, G^nealogie des Comtes de Flandre, On it both chief and point are couped, so that the arms are borne on a very wide fess (see Plate XVI., fig. 4). They are : Quarterly, i and 4.
France-ancient (intended doubtless for Burgundy- modern, but there is no bordure); 2. BURGUNDY- ancient, impaling Brabant {Sable, a lion rampant or) ; 3. Burgundy-ancient, impaling Limburg
{Argent, a lion rampant gules crozvned or). Over all
Flanders.
In the MS. of the Concordat of Cambray the arms of Jean as Bishop are blazoned differently : Quarterly, i and 4. Or, three lions rampant azure (See of Cambray); 2 and 3. Burgundy-ancient, quartering Burgundy-modern, over all Flanders ; the whole is debruised by a bendlet-sinister which (if my memory serves correctly) passes ^f/rf'^rthe Flanders escucheon.
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Antoine, Comte de la Roche, /^ Grand Bdtard de Bourgogne, Knight of the Golden Fleece, No. liv., one of the many illegitimate children of Duke Philippe Le Bon, bore (according to Chifflet, and MAURICE) the arms of his father (BURGUNDY-ANCIENT and MODERN, Brabant, Limburg, and Flanders as 3bov€), debruised
by a bendlet-sinister argent ; but on his seal (in Vr£e, GMalogie des Covites de Flandre^ p. 1 26), these arms without the bendlet are placed on a broad bend {see Plate XVI., fig. 3). In this plate the bearings are made to range with the bend, and this is the manner in which they appear upon the seals of Antoine and Baudouin de Flandre, in Vr£e, G^nMogie des Comtes de Flandre, plates cxxvi, cxxviii. MAURICE, who was King of Arms, makes the quarterings on the bend to run as in a quartered shield : the sinister chief and dexter base being cut off, as in our Plate XIX., fig. 19 (from Maurice, p. 235), but the arms are those of Marguerite, daughter of Baudouin, and wife of Jean de Lannoy, Knight of the Fleece, and Seigneur de MOLEMB.MS. An interesting series of papers relating to the tournament held in Smithfield between ANTHONY WOODVILLE, Lord Scales, brother of the Queen ; and his namesake the Bastard of BURGUNDY, will be found in Excerpta Historica, pp. 171-222. In conjunction with his brother Baudouin, Antoine led the van of the Burgundian army at Granson. The brothers Avere also present, and made prisoners, at Nancy. LOUIS XL held Antoine in high honour, and gave him considerable grants of land. Charles VIII. made him Knight of the Order of St. Michael.
Antoine had an illegitimate son of the same name, who was Seigneur de la Chapelle, and is said to have borne the quartered arms of BURGUNDY on a broad fess, or coup^ en chef et en pointe, " sic duobus discerniculis notatum, sive bis ruptum," says Christyn, quoted by
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NiSBET. There are, however, a sufficient number of instances in which a like arrangement was used by the natural son of a person of legitimate descent, so that I feel exceedingly doubtful about Christyn's accuracy if he implies that it was a mark of double bastardy. This Antoine's legitimate grandson Antoine, fourth of the name, was Seigneur de Wacken, etc., and Vice- Admiral. His seal bears his arms emblazoned on the sail of the ship which denoted his office; and I have engraved them from it on Plate XVI., fig. 5. They have the cJiefcoup^, and are also ent^ en point.
Marine de Bourgogne, wife of Guillaume de Vergy {C/iev, de la Toison d'Or, No. 278) bore the full quartered coat of BURGUNDY, with a small ent^ en point gules ; and the same arrangement was used a century later by HERMANN DE BoURGOGNE, Comte de Falais, who died in 1636.
Philippe, BAtard de Bourgogne^ Seigneur de FON- TAINES, who was a natural son of Adolph, a legitimate grandson of le Grand Bdtard, and was legitimated in 1534, bore the quartered arms of BURGUNDY on a wide chevron in a plain shield. {See Plate XVI., fig. 2.) In this manner were also borne the arms of PHILIPPE, natural son of Duke Philippe Le Bon, He was Seigneur de SOMELDYCK, and was elected Chevalier de* la Toison d*Or in 1500. He was also Admiral by sea. Later in life he took Holy Orders, and, having been legitimated in 1505, he became in 15 16 Bishop of Utrecht. David, Bdtard de Bourgogne, son of Duke Philippe, appears to have borne the full quartered coat of Burgundy, sans brisure. He surmounted his shield with a coronet ofyfe/^rj-^<?-A> alternating with strawberry leaves ; and also used the ensigns of his ecclesiastical rank. He was Bishop of Terouenne in 145 1, then of Utrecht in 1455, and died in 1496. Among the knights who accompanied Antoine, le Grand BAtard de
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•
Bourgogne, to England was PHILIPPE DE BRABANT, Seigneur de Crubeque, a natural son of Duke Philippe. He bore a plain shield with the quartered arms of Flanders and Burgundy-modern on a large canton {see Plate XVI, fig. 6).
Philippe, bdtard de Nevers, son of Philippe, Comte de Nevers (a younger son of Duke Philippe the Bold)' bore Burgundy-modern, debruised by a bend-sinister goboni argent and gules.
In the painted glass of a window in the south aisle of the great church at Haarlem I observed the arms of a member of the family of Schagen (now known as Beijeren-Schagen), which derives its origin illegiti- mately from one of the Bavarian Counts of HOLLAND. It is. Bendy or and gules (Hodenpyl, for maternal descent), and on a very large canton are the arms of the Bavarian Counts of HOLLAND : — Quarterly, i and 4. Bavaria ; 2 and 3. Hainault quartering Holland.
The Counts of Walheim descended from Jean, natural son of Jean, Due de Brabant (d. 1428). Of this family was Jean de Berghes, Seigneur de Walain, elected Chevalier de la Toison d'Or in 148 1. He bore : Verty three inascles argent (for his maternal descent from Bautersem) ; on a chief Or three pallets gules for Mechlin ; and over the. whole a canton of Brabant : — SablCy a lion rampant or.
The Seigneurs of Witthem, who had the same ancestry, bore : — Quarterly^ i and 4. Brabant ; 2 and 3. Argent, a cross engrailed azure ; without- any brisure.
Spain. — The armory of Spain furnishes remarkable instances of heraldic brisures for illegitimacy, entirely distinct from those already recorded.
Tellius, Count of Biscay, Avho died in 1370, an illegitimate son of ALFONSO XI., bore: Per saltire, in chief t/ie arms of CASTILE ; in flanks LEON ; in base. Argent, an eagle displayed sable, for SiClLY.
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Another bore : Argent y on a lozenge-throughout gules a castle or^ for Castile, each division of t/ie argent charged with tlie lion ^Leon. (Later this coat is attri- buted to the Albuquerques ; see Plate XVIII., fig. 4 ; but the lozenge had ceased to be throughout^
The great family of Henriquez, Dukes of MEDINA DEL Rio Seco, descending from a natural son of Alfonso XI., bore, like Don Pedro de Trastamara, the arms of Leon, chape ploy^ of Castile. (Otherwise blazoned as Tierceden mantle^ i and 2. Castile ; 3. Leon ; see Plate XVII., fig. 6.)
Frederick, Duke of Benevento, a natural son of Henry II. of Castile and Leon, bore : Chequy of nine panes, five of Castile, four of Leon. James of Xerica, son of James I., King of Arragon, by Theresia de BiDAURE, bore: Arragon (Or, four pallets gules) charged with an orle of eight escucheons of BiDAURE {Or, afess azure),
Henry, Grand Master of the Order of Santiago, natural son of FERDINAND I., was progenitor of the Dukes of Segorbia who bore: Tierced in pale, i.
Arragon ; 2. Per fess Castile and Leon ; 3. Sicily.
Don John of Austria, natural son of the Emperor Charles V., bore: Per pale, i. Per fess Castile and Leon ; 2. Arragon, impaling Arragon-Sicily ; Over all Austria, impaling Burgundy-ancient. (Plate
XVII., fig. 3.) His sister MARGARET of PARMA bore the surtout only.
Portugal.— In Portugal the Dukes of BRAGANZA,who descended from Affonso, natural son of King JOAO I., and who themselves came to the throne in 1640, bore : Argent, a saltire gules, thereon five escucheons azure, on each as many plates in saltire, Affonso's sister BEATRICE married in 1405, THOMAS FiTZALAN, Earl of Arundel. Her seal bears the arms of FiTZALAN, quartering War-
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RENNE, the whole impaling the arms of Portugal (as now used) without any brisure. (This seal is engraved in BOUTELL, Heraldry^ Historical and Popular^ p. 480).
The NORONHAS descend from Affonso, Conde de GijOM, natural son of Henry II. of Castile by Isabella, natural daughter of King Fernando of Portugal; they quartered Portugal and Noronhas within a bordure-compon^ or and vair, (Tern por armas o escudo esquartelado ; ao primeiro as armas de Portugal, ao segundo as de Castella, mantelado de prata, e dous Leoens de purpura batalhantes, e huma bordadura composta de ouro e veiros — Nobiliarchia Portugueza^ p. 31 l) (Noronhas thus bore the reverse arrangement to that described on the preceding page as the coat of Henriquez, etc.)
In Portugal, however, as elsewhere, the bendlet-sinister is a recognised mark of bastardy, and as such was borne by the Albuquerques. We find in the Nobiliarchia Portugueza (p. 223) the following : — ^" Os bastardos hao de trazer as armas com sua quebra de bastardia .... A quebra de bastardia he huma cotica ou risca, que atravessa o escudo em banda, como se vh. nas armas da casa de Aveiro, a quem somente vejo observar esta ley, por descenderem os Duques de D. Jorge, filho bastardo del Rey D. Joao II." The family here referred to bore the title of Conde de Lancastro, in remembrance of the descent of the Royal House from JOHN of GHENT, Duke of Lancaster, whose daughter Philippa was wife of Don JOAO I. The connection was, however, remote, as that Prince was only great-grandfather of John II. whose bastard son Don JORGE had the title DE
Lancastro.
The SOUSAS,' who derive their origin from MARTIN Affonso Chichorro, and Affonzo Dinis, natural sons of Affonso III. by the two sisters SOUSA, bore
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the following arms : the first, PORTUGAL quartering Leon ; the second, Portugal quartering SOUSA [Arg^en^y four crescents in cross ("quadernas de meas Luas ") gides^ the points meeting towards tJie centre\ (This* is the heraldic figure called a lunel, vide Glossary.)
The family of Menesez, who descend from Don Alonzo Sanchez, son of Don Dionls (King Denis) of Portugal bv Dofta Teresa Martinez de Menesez,
bore : Argent^ a cross compon^ of nine pieces ^ five of Castile, four of Leon, betiveen in each canton t/ie five escuclieons — the Quinas Reales^from the anus of
Portugal. John of Portugal, Duke of Valencia DE Campos, natural son of Don Pedro I. bore: Quarterly per saltire : — In chief and in base^ GuleSy five castles or^ {of Castile) ; in each flank the anns of
Portugal-ancient (without the bordure). The whole
within a bordure ^/CASTILE (Plate XIX., fig. 5).
Savoy. — In the house of Savoy the bendlet-sinister was the usual brisure for illegitimacy, but Humbert, Bdtard de Savoie, son of Count Aymon, bore the arms of Savoy {Gules, a cross argent) debruised with five mufles de lion sable, (Spener, Opus Heraldicum, p. gen., p. 360, quoting from MenStrier, gives these charges as five crescents azure, but I think wrongly. See GuiCHENON, Hist. Ghi^alogie de la Maison de Savoie, iii., 271.)
In a MS. description of the arms of the Chevaliers who were present at Rome in 13 12, on the occasion of the coronation of the Emperor Henry, we find a some- what similar coat borne. " M. Guillaume le Bastard, I'Ecu de gueules a une croix d'argent k cinq aiglettes de sable." The eagles came from the original arms of Savoy.
The brisure of a bendlet-sinister was used by R£n£, BAtardde Savoie (d. 1 525),son of Duke Philip Sansterre; by Anselmo, Count de COLIGNO, natural son of Philip, Prince of ACHAIA and the MOREA ; and by Antoine
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DE BusQUE, a natural son of James, titular Prince of
ACHAIA.
It may here be noted that though the above-named Philip, Prince of Achaia, was the eldest of the house of Savoy, yet, as he did not succeed to its possessions, Amadeo made him and his descendants difference by the addition of a bend azure, as a mark of the renuncia- tion of the rights of seniority (GuiCHENON, Hist de la Maison de Savoye, i., 146). LOUIS DE Savoie, BAtard D'Aciiaie, Seigneur de Raconis, living in 1433, was a son of Louis, Prince of Achaia, and bore as his brisure the azure bendlet, but sinister. His descendants, by permission of Louis, Duke of Savoy, turned this into the legitimate brisure of a bend azure,
Bavaria. — In Siebmacher's Wappenbuch, vol. ii., are the arms of two Bavarian families which are apparently of illegitimate descent. The family of NUSBERG (or Nussberg), plate lix., bear : Gules, a fess fusilly-bendy argent and azure (Bavaria). The family of PiJNT- ZINGER (plate Ixiii.) used BAVARIA with a chief gules. The Counts of HOLNSTEIN AUS Bayern bore the quartered arms of BAVARIA and the PALATINATE, {Sable, a lion rampant crowned or), debruised by a baton sinister gules over all,
Hesse. — The Counts von Schlotheim in Hesse bear : Quarterly, i and 4. Hesse {Azure, a lion rampant barry argent and gules), debruised by a bendlet-sinister or ; 2 and 3. Argent, an escucheon reversed sable for SCHLOT- HEIM. (This is a remarkable difference from the arms of the legitimate Barons von SCHLOTHEIM, who bear : A rgent, an escucJieon sable.) The Barons von SOM M E R AU - Beck difference the arms of Hesse with a bendlet-sinister gules,
Nassau-Orange. — Maurice, Prince of Nassau- Orange (d. 1625), had two natural sons, William and Louis, Seigneurs of Leck. These had a coat of four of
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the principal quarterings of their father's shield (i. Nassau : Azure^ sevi^ of billets bend-sinister wise, a lion rampant or 2, Katzenelbogen : Or, a lion rampant gules, crowned azure, 3. VlANbEN : Gules, a fess argent, 4. DiETZ : Gules, two lions passant or), and the only brisure was an escucheon bearing the arms of the Lordship of Leck {Argent, a lion rampant sable). The son of Louis was Henry, Count of Nassau- Ouwerkerke, Master of the Horse to WiLLlAM of Orange, who afterwards created his kinsman's son Henry, Earl of Grantham in 1698.
Henry Frederick, brother of Maurice (whom he succeeded in the principality), had a natural son Frederick, Lord of Zulestein, who bore the same arms as the Seigneurs of Leck, but substituted for its escucheon that of the Lordship of ZuLESTEiN : Gules, three zuilen argent (Vol. L, p. 404), surmounted by a label of tfu same.
In the Museum of Antiquities in the Porte de Hal at Brussels I noticed the interesting monumental brass of WiLHELM DE Goicx {circa 1 555); on it, among the escucheons denoting his descent, is one of NASSAU-plain, ent^ en point argent, evidently for one of his ancestors who was a bastard of that house. The Counts of CONROY in Brabant, who were illegitimate descendants of the house of NASSAU, bore : NASSAU quartering VlANDEN, {vide supra) the whole enti en point azure.
Norway and Denmark. — The Counts of Dane-
SKIOLD-LAURWIGEN,and of DANESKIOLD-SaMSOE (who
have the family name of Gyldenlove), are illegitimate descendants of the Royal House of DENMARK and Norway. The former descend from Ulric Frederick (d. 1704), a natural son of Frederick HL They bear : Quarterly, i and 4. Azure, a lion rampant argent, crowned, holding in its fore-paws and standing on the long-handled Danish axe or (the arms of Norway with change of
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tincture), County of Laurwigen. 2. Per bend-sinister or and sable, 3. Per bend-sinister sable and or^ County of Jarlsberg. These quarters are separated by a cross pat^e-throughout argent. On the centre pofnt is a crowned escuclieon, Gules^ charged with a cross pat^e^ and over all two lions passant-gardant in pale or, Sur k tout du tout, an oval escucheon^ Gules, crowned, and charged with tlie cypher F. IIL, also crowned or, (The founda- tion of the escucheon is SCHLESWIG, with change of tincture.) The Counts of Daneskiold-Samsoe descend from Christiern Gyldenlove, natural son of Christiern V., and bear a somewhat similar coat : — Quarterly, i and 4. Gules, a swan argent crowned and gorged with a coronet or (Stormarn). 2. Per bend- sinister azure and or, 3. Per bend-sinister or and azure. The remainder as in the preceding coat, but the escucheon sur le tout du tout has the cypher C 5 crowned, or.
Sweden. — To Karl Gyllenhjelm, (natural son of Charles IX. by Catharine Nilsdotter,) the
following remarkable coat was granted : Quarterly : —
1. Tierced in bend-sinister, azure, argent, and gules ; over all a demi-vase paleways (the sinister half is omitted) or,
2, AzurCy an enchaussure in sinister base gules ; over all a river in bend-sinister argent, whence issues a lion rampant or, 3. As No. 2, but reversed, the enchaussure being to the dexter, and the river in bend with the Hon rampant to the sinister. 4. As No. i, but reversed, Tierced in bend, azure, argent, and gules, over all a demi- vasCy the dexter half being omitted. These arms (Plate XIX., fig. 3), are derived, the first and fourth quarters from those of Vasa ; the second from the arms of Gothland. {See the blazon of Sweden at p. 342). The Gyllenhjelm tomb is in the Cathedral of Strengnas. The Counts of Wasaborg (who descend from a natural son of GUSTAVUS Adolphus by
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Margaret Cabelliau), bear: Quarterly, i and 4. Argent^ two barbel addorsed gules, in chief a crown or, 2 and 3. Gules, a griffon rampant crowned or. Over all an escucheon Sable, t/iereon a "vase" (or sheaf) or, debruised by a bendlet gules, I noticed this escucheon in a chapel on the south side of the Riddarholms Kyrka in Stockhohn ; but there the fish (which I took to be salmon), are proper, not gules. In the escucheon surtout the bendlet is very narrow, and is, moreover, a bendlet- sinister.
Disregarding these Scandinavian examples, which are of modern date and debased style, we find that while the bend-sinister was the usual brisure, yet in the Low Countries the paternal arms were often borne upon a fess, canton, or other honourable Ordinary. In other cases, a point, or a champagne, or a chief was added. Occasionally the tinctures of the shield and its charge were inverted to denote illegitimacy as in the case of the family of Salins, who bore : Gules, a bend or, while their legitimate predecessors carried the reverse. In the Peninsula a more frequent mode of denoting illegitimacy was by the assumption of a new shield composed from the parental quarterings, though the bendlet-sinister was sometimes used.
I must, however, remind the student that abroad a bend-sinister, wJun not used to debruise ot/ier bearings, is no mark of illegitimacy ; and its use carries with it no trace of suspicion. In Germany the custom referred to in Vol. I., on p. 145, has caused many shields bearing bends to appear as bends-sinister, as in the great armorial — Siebmacher's Wappenbuch — where nearly every plate contains examples of bends converted into bends-sinister, and charges turned from the normal position to face the sinister, the helmets and crests being similarly contournis, simply for pictorial effect. (All this is, however, so contrary to the pre-conceived
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ideas of the ordinary British Herald, that I have known amusing instances of a failure to grasp the truth on the part even of those who should have been the best informed.) In France a considerable number of the coats granted by D'HOZIER, in virtue of the edict of 1696, contain the Barre^ or bend-sinister, as a principal charge. (See UAnnorial GMral de France^ by D'HoziER.) Since the first issue of this book a new departure has been made, and the bend-sinister actually figures in a new British grant: — Sir Edward Burne Jones, Bart., 1894, bears: Azure^ on a bend-sinister argent between seven mullets {four in chief tfie rest in base) or^ three pairs of wings addorsed purpure.
VOL. II.
CHAPTER V.
BADGES.
Before we enter upon the subject of the external ornaments of armorial achievements the less familiar subjects of badges claims a little attention.
Family badges may probably have been the earliest form of hereditary insignia, preceding shield, or coat- armory {vide in/ray p. 216). We have already noted that on the seal of Louis VII. of France (i 137-1 180) the single fleurde-lis appears simply as a badge or device, not being included in a shield ; LOUIS'S successor, PHILIP Augustus, was the first who bore the fiettr-de-lis in numbers on a shield {vide ante, Vol. I., Chapter XIII., p. 346). Odo Burnard, in the reign of Richard I. sealed with a leaf as his badge, and afterwards with three leaves on his shield.
In Scotland in 1175, John Montgomery sealed with a Jleur-de-liSy not enclosed in an escucheon. (This is noticed as the MONTGOMERY device in a list of English badges in the reign of Edward IV.) His descendants bore three fleurs-de-lis as arms. ROBERT BRUCE, Earl of Carrick (the competitor for the Scottish throne, and grandfather of King ROBERT I.), who had on his shield a saltire and chief, the latter charged with a lion passant gardant, also used a seal bearing this charge as his badge, not upon a shield.
William de Ynais, or Innes, had in his homage seal of 1295 a single six-pointed star not on an escucheon ; his descendants bore three stars. (Other examples are
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given in Vol. I., at p. 51.) But if badges thus preceded formal hereditary arms they were also in high favour in the days of the purest heraldry. The badge was sometimes, as in the cases referred to above, identical with a charge of the shield, but this became less frequent in later times. Distinct as were crests and badges, the family badge sometimes came to be used as a crest. A badge may be described as a subsidiary family ensign, occasionally accompanied by a motto, borne not by the owner of it himself but by his adherents, dependants, or retainers. The silken hangings of beds, the tapestry of chambers, the caparisons of horses, as well as robes, were often powdered with badges. The badge was largely employed for all decorative purposes. In the fifteenth century, it was used (usually in combination with the crest) as a charge upon the Royal and knightly standards. ( Vide Chapter IX.)
At an earlier period badges often formed part of the ornamental work of the seals of magnates of the fourteenth century. For instance, on the seal of Richard, Lord Grey of Codnor, in 141 2, the badge allusive to the name is, in a park a badger passant between ears of barley {Cat, of Seals in Brit. Mus,^ vol. iii.. No. 10,277). In this and the following century, there was not one of the leading nobility who had not his " house/wld badge " (SHAKESPEARE, Henry V/., Act i., s. i) which, like other heraldic insignia, was often allusive to a name, estate, or office. Some families had more than one badge in general use ; thus, the Percies of North- umberland used as their chief badges the silver crescent, and a golden locket^ or pair of manacles. These are sometimes combined, as on the standard of HENRY, 5th Earl, where the manacles are placed within the horns of the crescent. But the Percies also used (as on the standard of HENRY ALGERNON 6th Earl) a key in pale surmounted by an open crown (the badge of their barony
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of POYNlNGS),the falchion of FlTZPAYNE,and the bugle- horn of Bryan. {See Mr Longstaffe's paper on " The Old Heraldry of the Percies," originally published in the Archceologia ^ liana ; and see also the "Lists of Stan- dards" in Excerpta Historicay p. 334, etc.) The bear and ragged staff (originally two separate devices of the Beauchamps, Earls of Warwick, the bear being allusive to their remote ancestor Urso), were united by the "King- maker," Earl of Warwick, and the Dudleys who succeeded the Nevilles, into one badge, "The rampant bear chained to the ragged staff." (A list of the principal badges is printed in the Appendix I. Others will be found in the Chapter on STANDARDS p. 299,)
Knots of particular form were not infrequently used as badges both in England and elsewhere ; e.g, the Stafford knot, the Bourchier knot, the Wake and Ormond knot ; in all these the silk is twined into some resemblance to the initial letter of the family name. In the BOWEN knot the allusion is double, it is formed of four bowSy or loops, and each of these bears a resem- blance to one form of the Greek letter B. Knots were also used to unite the badges of two families which had merged into one ; or an official badge to a personal one. Thus, the badge of the Lords Dacre of the North, was a silver escallop united by the Dacre Vnot gules to a ragged-staff* tf/;f(^«/. The escallop was one of the charges of their arms {Gules, three escallops argent) ; while the ragged -staff" was said to commemorate the hereditary forestershipof Inglewood; but Lord DACREof GiLSLAND, K.G., who bore this badge on his standard, married Elizabeth, daughter and heiress of Lord Greystock, K.G., and the stock, or staff*, may allude to his name.
The HUNGERFORDS used the badge of a sickle erect, the handle gules banded or, {See the seal of Sir Robert Hungerford, where the shield is placed between two sickles, the blades each charged with an
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ermine spot for cadency.) Later (when Lord HuNGER- FORD married Catharine Peverel) the sickle was united by a knot to the golden garb of the Peverels, t^ken from their arms, Azure^ three garbs or, as appears on a standard of their descendant Edward, Lord Hastings. (On the Hungerford and Peverel
Heraldry, in Cricklade Church, see a paper in N^otes and Queries, 5th Series, viii., pp. 193, 194).
These badges which, as has been said above, were borne generally by the owner's dependants, must when possible be carefully distinguished from the personal devices, temporarily used by exalted persons alone, and not by their households, often with an occult meaning known only to the wearer and his mistress, or special friends, and which was also generally accompanied by an allusive motto. Mr Montagu, one of the first English writers who directed attention to the wide subject of badges and devices, gives several instances which he con- siders to come under the latter category. These include the salamander in flames of FraN(;:ois I., which occurs so frequently at Fontainbleau and Chambord, and of which there is a splendid example above the fireplace of one of the rooms in the Ch&teau de Blois. (It was used with varying mottoes — Nutrisco et extinguo ; Jamais ne estaindra ; and, as at Azay, Ung seul desir.) But personal devices sometimes became family badges, thus the star of the MONTMORENCYS combined with its Greek motto AiiAANOS ; Lord Latimer's human heart with its legend a Dieu et a inafiana^e; and Sir THOMAS Heneage'S heart-shaped knot with the motto Fast tho' untied, were eventually rather badges than devices. This whole subject has been very fully treated by Mrs Palliser in her excellent volume Historic Devices, Badges, and War Cries, London 1870, and to that work the reader is referred for much interesting information, though it will be laid under contribution in the following
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paragraphs, in which a brief account is given of some of the principal English Royal Badges, including personal devices.
First in order of these is the sprig of Broom, the famous planta genista which gave its name of Planta- GENET to the great house of the Counts of Anjou, Kings of England ; of which it continued to be one of the badges up to the time of Henry VIII. We have already seen, p. i8o, that a genet cat per pale sable and argent ^ between two broom-cods stalked proper^ was the crest granted by Edward IV. to his natural son, Arthur Plantagenet, created Viscount Lisle by Henrv VIII. A sprig of broom appears on each side of the throne in the Great Seal of Richard I. {British Museum Catalogue^ No, 80). The occasion of the assump- tion of this badge by the house of Anjou is entirely un- known. Upon his monumental ^^^y in Westminster Abbey the robe of Richard II. is ornamented with the peas-cods, or pods of the planta genista; the badge does not appear, however, to have been very frequently used in England, although a livery collar of broom-cods, with a white hart as the pendant, appears on a portrait of the same prince at Wilton. It does not appear among the Royal badges upon the standards given in Excerpta Historica from the MS. in Coll. Arm., i., 2.
A star between the horns of a crescent appears on the Great Seals of Richard I., and Henry III. {Catalogue of Seals in the British Museum, Nos. 80 and 100).
Edward I. is said to have had as his badge a rose or, stalked proper {HhKL, MS., 304 ; and from his time down- ward roses of gold, white, and red, were used as orna- ments on their dress and furniture by many of the House of Plantagenet who descended from him.
Eleanor of Provence was the mother of Edward I., and Mr PLANCHfi very plausibly suggests that from the sunny clime of Provence we have derived, not
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merely the rose of our gardens, but the famous floral emblems of the rival Royal Houses of YORK and LAN- CASTER. The tomb of Eleanor's second son, Edmund Crouchback, Lord of LANCASTER, was painted with red roses. To his children, THOMAS and Henry, descended the claim to PROVENCE. Henry's eldest son, the ist Duke of Lancaster, has on his seal a bunch of roses. John of Gaunt married Blanche, the duke's younger daughter and heiress, and claimed PROVENCE accordingly. He bequeathed to St. Paul's Cathedral his bed powdered with roses.
Regarded, probably, as of minor importance to the white swan, the antelope, and other principal cognizances of the Royal House, the use of the rose was retained by the Sovereign, and by the older family of JOHN of Gaunt. Borne white by the House of York, the rose is said to have been allusive to the fair Rosamond Clifford. It came to the House of York by the marriage of RICHARD of CONINGSBURGH, Earl of CAM- BRIDGE, son of Edmond of Langley, Duke of York (fifth son of Edward HI.), with his second wife Maud, daughter of THOMAS, Lord Clifford. It was tinctured red by the House of Lancaster, with the Beaufort line of which it seems to have been particularly associated ; Shakespeare calls it the Badge ^Somerset. Roses of the two colours seem to have corresponded to the livery colours of the Plantagenets, and came, not unnaturally, to be the badge of the contending factions.
Both red and white roses occur on a standard cJr Edward IV., which also bears the Royal Crest of the crowned lion passant-gardant. Another standard, of which the principal device is the white Rose of YORK en soleily has only smaller charges of the same. A third, bearing the white lion of March, has only white roses.
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The standard of Henry V. has the heraldic antelope as its main charge, and its smaller ones are red roses only.
Edward III. had as his special badge rays of t/ie sun descending from a cloud. (I notice that on the fifth and sixth seal of this Prince {British Museum Catalogue^ Nos. 183 and 186), the legend on the reverse is said to be " preceded by a hand of blessing issuing from a cloud ; " was this the origin of the badge } — or is it only a mis- description of the badge usually described as " a cloud and rays ? "
This badge appears several times on the standard ascribed to Edward III., in the MS. (Coll. Arm.) so often referred to in this chapter. (It is not asserted that these standards were all contemporary with the Princes to whom they are assigned.)
The Swan, argent ^ collared and chained or^ was a badge of the House of LANCASTER, derived from the BOHUNS, whose co-heiress Henry IV. had married. According to PLANCHfi the BOHUNS had inherited this badge, through the Mandevilles, Earls of Essex, from Adam Fitz Swanne, who held large estates in the time of the Conqueror. If this conjecture be correct the use of hereditary badges must have long preceded here- ditary heraldry, {v. ante^ p. 210).
The White Hart lying down (technically lodged), ducally collared, and chained or, was a cognizance of Richard II., and has been conjectured to be only a rebus on his name Rich-liart, On the other hand it is asserted that the badge was derived from The Fair
Maid of Kent, heiress of Edmund of Woodstock,
whose badge was a white hynd (** the Whyte Hynd by the fayre mayden of Kent," Harl. MS., 304, fol. 12); and it is certain that RICHARD'S half-brother, Thomas Holland, Earl of Kent, used this, his mother's device. Richard II. also used the badge of a stock of a tree
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for Woodstock, and this badge appears on the banners of Henry V., etc.
The first distribution of the badge of a white hart as a livery collar was made by Richard II. at the jousts held at Smithfield on Sunday, October 12, 1390, in honour of his visitor the Count d'OsTREVANT (son of the Duke of Holland), who was created a Knight of the Garter on the feast of St. Edward, the following day. We read that the King distributed his badge of the white hart, gorged with a crown and chain of gold pendent therefrom, to twenty-four Knights of the Garter, in the presence of his stranger guests.
He had in his ninth year mortgaged certain jewels a la gyse de cerfs blancs (Rymer).
Ttie Wardrobe Accounts of 1 399 show that " Two jaks volants I' or streamers, were to be prepared for the King's visit to Ireland, of which one was to be worked with white harts. (It is curious that the crest assigned to Ireland (Harl. MS., 1073) was a white hart issuant from a castle. It not improbably dates from this expedition.) John of Gaunt bequeathed to his daughter, the Queen of Portugal, " mon meilleur cerf d'orl' and the Duchess of York in 1392 left to the King, " mon cerf de perle"
Another cognizance of Richard II. was The Sun in Splendour. The second seal of Henry IV. {British Museum Catalogue, No. 301) has a background composed of quatrefoil spaces charged alternately with suns, and roses en soleiL The same badges appear on the first and fourth seals of Edward IV. {British Museum Catalogue, Nos. 300, 313), for the Yorkists always cherished the memory of the unfortunate king who had declared ROGER Mortimer his heir in preference to the descendants of John of Gaunt. Hence both these devices became in course of time Yorkist badges, the Sun in Splendour being familiar to us from the opening lines of Shakes- peare's play of Richard IIL
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The Falcon and Fetterlock is generally con- sidered a Yorkist badge. The falcon alone is said to have been used by Richard II. With a padlock in its mouth it was a cognizance of John of Gaunt. Edward IV., who had the falcon with the lock closed, ordered his son Richard to bear it with the lock open, and it is so represented on the gate of Henry VII's chapel at Westminster. Langelyn is equivalent to "bind together" {Promptorium Parvuloruni) ; and langele is still used in the north country with the meaning to hobble, or fetter a horse. Thus the fetterlock may have been assumed as a badge to denote the place Langley. Edmund of Langlev built Fotheringhay Castle on a ground plan of this shape.
Ostrich Feathers. — Of all the English Royal badges that which is regarded with the most interest is the plume of ostrich feathers associated in legend with the Black Prince, and in later times appropriated as the special badge of the Princes of Wales.
Its origin has exercised the ingenuity of antiquaries for several centuries. The romantic story which connects the badge with the capture of JOHN of LUXEMBOURG, King of Bohemia, at the battle of Cressy in 1346, which first appears in Camden's Remains in 1614, must be dismissed as altogether fabulous. In his first edition that writer says " the tradition is that the Prince won them at the battle of Poictiers," but in the second edition "the truth is that he wonne them at the battle of Cressy, from John, King of Bohemia, whom he there slew !" Neither Froissart nor any contemporary historian can be appealed to in support of this tradition ; nor is there any evidence that the ostrich feather was ever the badge or device of King John of Bohemia, or that the motto "/r// Dien'' which has for so long a time been associated with the badge, was ever used by him.
The crest of King JOHN of BOHEMIA, which appears
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on his seals as engraved in VRteE [Gim'ahgie des Comtes de Flandres, plate Ixiii.) was, not an ostrich feather, but the full wings of an eagle (being engraved in profile only one wing is seen on the seals), a favourite Low Country crest of the time. (Plate XXL, fig. ^\ cf. also our fig. i6 below.) On his secrelum the wing has several
trefoil, or heart-shaped, charges (possibly linden leaves), which we also find of gold on the eagle wings borne as crests by Louis DE Namuk, and Robert de Namur, K.G., as well as by HENRI DE Flandres {see Plate XIL, fig. 2, from the contemporary Armorial de Ge/re); and this is the crest which surmounts the arms of'Le roi de Bohivu" in that valuable MS., the leaves ■ being there certainly linden leaves, and they probably are so in the Wappenrolh von Ziirich, plate i., also of the four- teenth century. An ostrich feather piercing a scroll was, undoubtedly, the favourite badge of the Black Prince, but he had no exclusive property in it, as with variations
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it was similarly used by most of the Plantagenet princes, and is found upon one seal of Edward III. himself.
Sir Harris Nicolas, in his valuable paper on the Badge (printed in Arclueologia xxxi., pp. 350-384) informs us that among certain pieces of plate belonging to Queen Philippa of Hainault was a large silver gilt dish, enamelled with a black escucheon with ostrich feathers, *' vno scuch, nigro cum pennis de ostrich;'' and he suggests that the ostrich feather was probably originally a badge of the Counts of Hainault, derived from the County of OSTREVANT, a title which was held by their eldest sons. The sable escucheon with three silver ostrich feathers, not united but borne singly, arranged paleways two and one, the stem of each passing through a little escroll bearing the motto ich iiciu, is called by the Black Prince in his will, his shield "for Peace"; and by the provisions of that testament was displayed, and still remains, on his monument in Canterbury Cathedral, alternating with his shield " for War " which bears the Royal Arms (France and England quarterly), with a label argent, and is surmounted by his other motto : ** h^tttnaut" {Hoogh'inoed, i.e., High-minded, or Magnani- mous). The Prince also ordered by his will that the chapel should be ornamented with '^noz bages dez plumes d'ostruce^' and he disposes in it of certain vestments embroidered with the same device. The badge of an ostrich feather borne singly, appears upon several seals of the Black Prince, but not invariably on those used after Crecy. With the motto Ich Dien upon the scroll, it is to be seen upon the seal of Edward, Duke of YORK, who fell at Agincourt. By the other Princes of the Plantagenet line who used the single ostrich feather the little scroll is usually uncharged, but there are differences in the tinctures. We learn from the Harl MS., 304, folio 12, that the "Feather silver with the pen gold is the King's ; the ostrich feather, pen and all silver is the
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Prince's ; and the ostrich feather gold, the pen ermine is the Duke of Lancaster's." The seal of Henry, Duke of Lancaster, afterwards Henry IV., bears on either side of his helmed and crested escucheon an ostrich feather erect ; a garter, or belt, with its buckle in base, and bearing his favourite motto Sovereygne, is twined around the whole feather, and the escroll is omitted. (Plate I., fig. 4.) JOHN of Ghent had before this placed a chain along the quill ; and his brother Thomas, Duke of Gloucester, had used upon his seal the same badge with the substitution of a garter and buckle for the chain. (Plate I., fig i.)
The garter-plate of John Beaufort, Duke of Somerset, bears two ostrich feathers erect with golden escrolls, the **pens" being compony argent and azure ^ the tinctures of the bordure with which the shield is differ- enced. On the Privy Seals of our Sovereigns the ostrich feather is still employed as a badge. The shield of arms is usually placed between two lions sejant (jgardant) addorsed^ each holding the feather. On the Privy Seal of Henry VHI. the feathers are used with- out the lions ; and this was the case on the majority of the seals of the Duchy of Lancaster. On the reverse of the present seal of the Duchy the feathers appear to be ermine {Brit, Mus. Cat,, No. 747). On the obverse of this seal, and on that of GEORGE IV., the Royal Sup- porters hold banners of the arms of England, and of the Duchy (ENGLAND, a label for difference).
The shield bearing three ostrich feathers is one of those engraved on the obverse of the second seal of Henry IV. in 141 1 {Brit. Mus. Cat., No. 259), the others being a lion rampant within a bordure engrailed, or more probably indented, BOUTELL calls this the shield of the Duchy of Cornwall ; I think it possibly the arms of Wales, as assigned to Rhys ap Tudor Mawr, Prince of South Wales ; the third shield bears {Azure) three
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garbs (or) for the Earldom of CHESTER. The Chantry Chapel in Worcester Cathedral, in which lies the body of Arthur, Prince of Wales, is ornamented with Royal badges, among which occurs the single feather with its escroU ; but on a window in St. Dunstan's Church in London, there was, within a wreath of roses, a roundle per pale sanguine and azure, charged with the letters E.,P. and between them, a plume of ostrich feathers argent, their pens or, passing through an escroll inscribed with the motto Ich Dien, and ensigned with the Prince's coronet This was for EDWARD (afterwards EDWARD VI.), eldest son of Henry VIII., but who was never Prince of WALES. EDWARD appears also to have placed the badge on a radiant sun, in which manner it was also used by HENRY, son of James I. Since this reign the plume of feathers has become the peculiar badge of the Princes of Wales.
Henry V. used a fire-beacon ; an antelope lodged, gorged, and chained or ; and the white swan of BOHUN ; all three combined are to be seen in Westminster Abbey, in King Henry's Chantry. Henry VI. retained the antelope, but also used two ostrich feathers in saltire or, and argent ; and a panther inflamed. RICHARD III.'S chief badge was the white boar, armed and bristled gold. His banner bears this device, and is powdered with golden suns (Harl. MS., 4632).
The chief TUDOR badges were the golden portcullis with its motto Altera securitas, supposed to be, after the fashion of the time, a rather far-fetched pun on the name Tudor (Two door, or a second door) ; (the portcullis, however, seems rather to be a Lancastrian or BEAUFORT badge, and its motto might imply that the BEAUFORT descent was an additional title to the throne) ; and the crowned rose of YORK and LANCASTER combined. Sometimes this rose is per pale argent and gules ; some- times the red rose is placed within the white, or the white
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within the red ; sometimes the flower is quarterly gules and argent.
Other Tudor badges were : — the Royal Crown in, or above, a bush of hawthorn all proper, combined with the Royal Cypher ; the red dragon of Wales (ta p. 305) ; and the silver greyhound of LANCASTER (this some- times has a golden collar charged with the red rose). The crown and bush were allusive to the story that after the battle of BOSWORTH the golden circlet of Richard's helm was found in a hawthorn bush by Sir REGINALD Bray, and that with it Lord Stanley crowned Henry on the battlefield.
One of the standards of HENRY VH. (which were of longitudinal stripes of the TuDOR livery colours — white and green), bears the red dragon inflamed as its principal device, and the field is sem^ of flames. Another bears the white greyhound collared ^/^j, and the field is charged with red roses. Yet another has the red dragon, but the field bears both red and white roses.
The standard of HENRY VHI. has as its principal device the red dragon passant. The subsidiary badges are Xh^ fleur-de-lis or^ the York and Lancaster rose (that is the white rose inside the red one) ; and flames of fire. The portcullis continued to be in use as a Royal badge in this reign.
Edward VI. bore the same badges, as well as that of the radiant sun.
Queen Mary (Tudor) had for her badge a red rose within a white one, both impaled by dimidiation with a sheaf of arrows or, tied with a golden knot upon a semi- circular field argent and vert, the whole surrounded with rays, and ensigned with an open crown or. The arrows were a badge of the Queen's mother, Katharine of Arragon who inherited them from her progenitor, Queen
Isabella of Castile.
Elizabeth had numerous devices particularly her
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own, such as a phoenix, and a sieve. She also used her mother's badp^e of the falcon, crowned and holding a sceptre, besides the usual Royal badges of the crowned rose ; the fleur-de-lis; and a harp or, stringed argent, crowned of the first, used respectively for ENGLAND, France, and Ireland.
Under the House of STUART the badges above named were used for the kingdoms ; but the roses were some- times white, sometimes red, sometimes united (the white within the red, or quartered argent and gules). Two Stuart badges were also in use : a lion rampant gules, and the Scottish thistle. The latter was often repre- sented in conjunction with the English rose ; both being dimidiated and conjoined on a single stalk, with its proper leaf on either side, and a Royal Crown resting on the conjoined flower.
No trace seems to exist of the thistle as the badge of Scotland, earlier than the time of James III. ; but that it was in use during that reign appears from an inventory of the jewels and furniture which at his death came into the possession of his sons. One of the articles named was a ** covering of variand .... tartan browdered with thissels and a unicorn." Barbour's poem of "The Thistle and the Rose" shows the former floral emblem to have been in general recognition as a Royal badge at the time of the wedding of JAMES IV. (1502); and the thistle figures pro- minently on the paper of the ratification by J AMES of his treaty of marriage with MARGARET of ENGLAND.
The present Royal badges, as settled under the Sign Manual in 1801, and as distinct from crests, or mere crowned initials, are : —
1. A white rose within a red one, barbed, seeded, and
slipped proper; ensigned with the Imperial Crown,
for England.
2. A thistle, slipped and leaved proper ; ensigned with
the Imperial Crown, for SCOTLAND.
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3- A harp or, stringed argent ; ensigned as before, for
Ireland.
4. On a mount vert a dragon passant, its wings
expanded and endorsed gules, for Wales. To these in later times has been added : —
5. A rose between a thistle and a shamrock, conjoined
on one stem, and ensigned with the crown.
Livery Collars, composed of the badges or devices of a house, and often having the principal badge as a pendant, were much in use in England about the fifteenth century. They were often employed to denote political partisanship, as in the case of the collars of Suns and Yorkist Roses with the pendent White Boar of Richard III. The best known of these Livery Collars, the Collar of SS, was originally a Lancastrian decoration. The origin of the device has been the subject of almost interminable discussion, and is still far from clear. The letter S has been variously supposed to be the initial of the word Souverayne, Seneschal (John of Gaunt was Steward, " Seneschalusl' of England), and Swan, The last derivation proposed by Mr Planch£, was suggested by the badge of a swan which appears pendent from the Collar of SS on the effigy of the poet GOWER in Southwark Church. I am not aware that there is any corroboration of this opinion elsewhere. Under Henry VII. the collar lost its Lancastrian associations, and down to the present day it has been worn as a part of their official costume by certain officers of State, including Lords Chief Justices, Kings of Arms, and the Heralds.
Evidence exists of a limited use of family badges in Scotland. A contemporary list of badges of the prin- cipal English nobles, which Mr Planch£ printed from a manuscript in the College of Arms, includes two Scottish examples. The badge of the Earl of DOUGLAS is said to be a heart gules ; and that of Sir THOMAS Montgomery a fleur-de-lis. Figures that may be
VOL. II. Q
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supposed to be badges, or devices, occur on the Great Seals of Scotland, and on the seals of some of the more considerable nobles. A stag couchant on the reverse of the seal of Walter Stewart, Earl of Athole, has been considered a personal device.
Often, however, either the crest or some charge taken from the arms, seems, in Scotland as elsewhere, to have done duty as the badge.
A different species of badge, unrecognised by heraldic authority, has gradually sprung up among the Highland clans, namely a leaf or sprig of some tree or shrub, usually carried along with two eaglets feathers in the bonnet which the chief wears.
A list of some of the principal badges is given in the Appendix.
FlQ. 17.— DaUBBKT AOKIBVEHKNT.
CHAPTER VI.
EXTERNAL ORNAMENTS.
I. — HELM AND CREST, WREATH, CREST- CORONET, LAMBREQUIN. Of the external ornaments of a shield of arms the most important is the helmet with its crest, to which later was joined the wreath or a crest-coronet, and the lambrequin.s, or mantlings.
The helms of the Northmen were sometimes sur- mounted by a herkujttbl, as a crest, in the form of an animal. Of King AniLS the Saga tells us that he had a helm called Htidigolt on which was a wild-boar. See DU CuklLLV, Vikittg-Ag-e, ii., p. loO; where his fig. 807 gives the representation of two helms, thus adorned. His fig. 888 contains two others, one of which is crested with two heads and necks of swans {cf. our later crest, Plate XX 11, fig. 4). The other is altogether covered with the head of a boar {cf. our later example of the crest of
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Cleve, on Plate XL, fig. 4, where a bull's head is similarly used). There is, however, nothing to show that the use of these symbols was hereditary, or that they had any other origin than personal fancy, and in some cases possibly the desire to strike terror into the mind of an opponent.
When the use of armorial bearings became general we find from ancient seals that armorial shields were in use before regular crests appeared upon the helms. The cylindrical helmet of PHILIPPE d'Alsace, Count of Flanders {c. 1181), bears, indeed, the figure of a lion, similar to that upon his shield, but this is no true crest, it is simply painted on the side of the helm. The earliest crested helm is that of Richard I. of England in 1 198, it bears a lion-passant in the centre of a fan-shaped crest. No other example is known until we come to the seal of Matthieu DE Montmorency in 1224; on it the cylindrical flat- topped helm has the crest of a peacock's head and neck. The similar helm of Otho, Count of BURGUNDY in 1248, bears three small banners. Banners, usually armorial, are frequently employed as crests in the later heraldry of Germany {cf. our Plate XXII., fig. 9). The helm of Alexander III. of Scotland {c. 1307) has a flat top edged with a coronet, and bearing a fan-shaped crest. (Plate XXL, fig. 8.) The contemporaneous seal of Edward I. of England has a similar helm but no crest. The oval-topped helm was soon ornamented with the fan-shaped crest as shown in Plate XXI., fig, 9, from the seal of Charles, Count de Valois {c. 1295); ^ind this ^cran continues to be used as the crest of many important German families. The earliest crested helm which appears among the seals given in Hueber's Austria^ is that of Ulric de Chapelle in 1280; the shield is couc/i^y and the helm is surmounted by a wing. On the seal of Geoffrey d'Arschot {c, 1295) the helm has the
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fan-crest, and on either side a tall cock's feather (?) rises from its base ; this is a type often repeated. (For cock's feather crests see Plate XXII., fig. 7, and Plates XII. and XIII.) A dragon couchant between two feathers is the crest of CHARLES, Count de Valois, in 1308 ; and, with the dragon statant, is that of Philippe de Valois in 1327 (Plate XXIV., fig. i); while in 1316, the helm of Edward III. of England bears a lion statant without a crown. (Plate XXI., fig. 2.) The seals of Jean d'Avesnes, and of Florent of Hainault {c, 1295) show their helms crested with an eagle displayed.
In Germany the crested helm was of the highest importance. " Chez eux le cimier est plus grande marque de Noblesse que Tarmoirie, parce que le cimier estoit la marque des Tournois, ou Ton ne pouvoit estre admis sans avoir fait preuve de Noblesse." {On'gine des ArmoirieSy p. 91.) Hence on some early German seals the crested helm appears without the arms. {See NyAry, Heraldika, pp. 62-64, Buda-Pest, 1886; Hueber, Austria Illustrata, pp. 7, 9, 11, 12, 14, 15,
18, 19.)
In England the crested helm had not the importance which it possessed in Germany and the Low Countries. The crests are not recorded in the many ancient Rolls of Anns which are still extant. This may have arisen from the fact that in early times the crest was considered rather a personal than a hereditary possession ; it was subject to change at the caprice of the bearer, and all members of a family did not necessarily use the same crest. In fact the use of a different crest was an early mode of denoting cadency. In Siebmacher's Wappen- buchy vol. iii., we find that no less than thirty-one branches of the Alsacian family of ZORN (who bore : Per fess gules and or^ in chief a star argent^ differenced solely in this way. These varieties in the German crests probably originated in the tourneys, at which several members of
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a family might be present bearing identical arms, who would thus require different crests to distinguish them.
Occasionally the arms borne on the shield were painted upon the helmet. For example, in a MS. of the four- teenth century, preserved in the Stadt Bibliothek at Leipzig, the arms, Bendy argent and verty which appear on the shield of a knight, are also painted on the cylin- drical helm. (Hefner-Alteneck, Trachten des Christ- liclun Mtttelalters, plate xvi.; Another example has the helm painted with, Azure^ on a bend (sinister) indented argent, a fillet gules. On the seal of Jean D'Axel, in 1226, the helm is ^r;;/^r/^ with a chevron.
Originally helmets were of the same shape and materials for all ranks ; but in later times (when they had ceased to be generally worn) distinctions were made in depicting them, and the rank of the owner was denoted by their matter, shape, and position. Men£- TRIER, in 1680, says the helm should be of gold for sovereigns ; of silver for princes and great nobles ; and of polished steel for simple nobles or gentlemen. The open helm was considered the property of one in a position to command : — " un petit noble, devenu Gou- verneur d'une Ville, ou un chef de Coeur Souveraine, avait le droit d'en porter un de front, grille presque comme un Souverain." {^Le Hcraut d'Armes^ p. 71.)
The old French heralds differ as to the number of the grilleSy or bars, which should denote the various ranks of nobility, but I do not propose to occupy space with an account of these diversities, being very much of Planch£'s opinion that, " the various positions of the helmet, and the rules for its being open, closed, or barred, are all of comparatively modern date, and as useless as embarrassing."
In France the timbred or crested helm came to be considered the prerogative of the military noblesse^ and was denied to nauveaux annoblis, who were only entitled
PLATE XXI.
EZTLAHATION OF FlOUBH.
1, 6, 6, 7. 10. From HUdabnnd'i BtnidUelut Muterlnieh. 2. Edward IIL of KpglKDd. 3. BuragniTe of Nttmbeis. 4. John, King of 8. Alentoder III. of SsoUuid. 9. CbwIw.Comta do Valdik
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to use it on becoming in the third generation bons gentil- homines. When, in 1372, CHARLES V. conferred on the bourgeoisie of Paris the right to use armorial bearings, it was strenuously denied that they could use the timbred helm. In 1568 an edict of Charles IX. prohibited the use oiannoiries timbr^es to any who were not noble by descent.
In the Imperial patent of arms in my possession, granted by the Emperor LEOPOLD under his sign manual to Dr F. Ghibelli, the escucheon is surmounted by two helms coroneted but without crests. The grant of a crest was made a generation or two later.
In German armory the helmets are of two kinds only: shut, or visored ; open, or barred ; the former were used by the newly ennobled, the latter being reserved for those who were noble by descent. In the Holy Roman Empire the use of the open, or noble, helm was the right of Doctors of Law, as well as of hereditary nobles. {See Praun, Von dem Adeliclun Europa^ etc., section 6j ; in Burgermeister's Bibliotheca Equestris, Th. II., p. 724, Ulm, 1720; and also Knipschild, de Nobilitate ejusque juribus, c^,^. vv.y stcWon 116.) In this connection it should be remembered that in England the now obsolete order of Serjeants of Law claimed to rank with knights, and used the open helm.
In modern British Heraldry the helm of the sovereign is of gold, placed full-face, and having golden grilles ; the helms of peers are of silver, in profile, with five golden grilles; those of baronets and knights are of steel, full-faced with open vizor ; and those of gentlemen are of steel, placed in profile with the vizor closed. These usages date only from about the time of Charles I. Gerard Legh places the knightly helm in profile, and makes the closed helm of the esquire affront/.
The barred helm only came into general use at the very end of the sixteenth century. An examination of the interesting series of Stall- Plates at Windsor shows
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that "only one barred or tourney helm .... is found on the early plates, viz. : on that of RICHARD
Plantagenet, Duke of Gloucester {eL 1475). The
helms on the early plates, though of various fashions, are all of the same class of tilting helms, drawn in profile ; and those which are antecedent to 142 1 are drawn, in accordance with the general custom, so as to face the High Altar, thus those on the north side are turned to the sinister." {^See Mr Hope's excellent paper on the "Early Stall Plates," in Arclueologia iox 1889.) Lord Knollys, in 161 5, is the first baron whose plate shows the barred helm ; and it was only about the time of the Restoration that the full-faced helmet became a distinguishing mark for baronets and knights. The crested helms which are now suspended above the stalls of the Knights of the Garter are affront^s, but the crests are all made to range to the dexter. Now, in the days when helmets and crests were really worn, the animal used as a crest looked straight forward from the front of the helm. But when represented on seals, etc., as borne by a knight riding to the right or left; or when arranged above an escucheon, the animal, while placed to range with the helm, often had its head turned a little so as to face the spectator. Thus the lion passant, or statant, of the Crest of England (Plate XXL, fig. 2) became the lion statant-gardant. {See Plate XL, fig. i.) So far as the crest was concerned it was not intended originally to be a variant from the lion -passant. Accordingly no knight in ancient times, and no decently well-informed heraldic artist in our own, would think of placing on a full-faced helm a lion or other beast presenting its side to the spectator, with its head over the wearer's right shoulder and its tail over the left! Yet this is how the crests are represented in the Chapels of the " Most Noble " Orders of Christian Chivaliy, the Garter and the Bath, and the chapeaux that support
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many of them are turned round to the side of the helm in a way which would be suggestive of anything but sobriety on the part of the wearer! This is a matter which affords cause for amused amazement to the intelli- gent foreigner, and certainly requires the attention of the proper officials.
But even this is not so ludicrous as an example given in a recently published ponderous volume, which, while disclaiming official authority, officiously assumes a great deal of superiority over all preceding publications. There the arms of the Duke of MARLBOROUGH are surmounted by two helmets tournds properly enough. But the dexter one (turned to the sinister) has the crest of the couchant lion turned the reverse way, so that its hind quarters are actually over the grille of the helm ! In a publication which professes to be scrupulously authentic, and keep us all in the paths of official orthodoxy, this is rather amusing.
In Germany (as in other northern countries, where the crested helmet and crest are of as much importance as the shield of arms), several crested helms are generally placed above a quartered escucheon. Each formerly denoted a noble fief for which the proprietor had a right to vote in the "circles" of the Empire {see Praun, van des Adels Heerschilden^ section i8, in BURGER- MEISTER, Bibliotluca Equestrts, Th. ii., sections 671, 713). No less than thirteen crested helms were thus arranged above the shield of the Markgraves of Brandenburg- Anspach. Pommern had ten. When the number of the helms is even, they are arranged so that all look inwards towards the centre line of the escucheon, half being turned to the dexter, half to the sinister. If the number be uneven, the principal helm is placed in the centre affronts, the others with their crests being tournis towards it ; thus some face to the dexter, some to the sinister. (In Scandinavia the centre helm is affronU ; the others, with
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their crests, are often turned outwards.^ One of the good points of the illustrations in Foster's Peerage^ was that he had the courage thus to arrange many of his helmets and crests in a common- sense way, without regard to the modern ignorant custom which prescribes that, whether the helm be full-faced or in profile, all crests shall look in the same direction, />., to the dexter.
This is a matter with regard to which I think reversion to old usage is much to be desired in the interests of common sense. Let the Esquire and gentleman place their closed helms in profile or full-faced as they please. Let the Baronet and Knight do the same with regard to their open ones. If the Peers are not content with the helmets of ordinary nobility let them use the golden grilles^ but let there be no attempt to indicate rank by the position of the helm. The German mode is much more ancient and much more sensible ; and now that coronets are used distinctively by the several ranks of the haute noblesse^ it is as unnecessary to make a further distinction by the shape or position of the helm as it would be to do so by a change in the shape or position of the shield. As a matter of fact no visored helm could properly be crested.
In Germany when several crested helmets are used, two of them are often placed upon the heads of the supporters (as in Plate XX., and in fig. 24, p. 298 ; cf, also Plate IL, fig. 2, and fig. 23, p. 271); not as permanent additions to them but pro Jiac vice. The modern English use by which crests are represented floating about in the air above the shield, without a helm, or any other adequate support, is not one that commends itself to the German herald (who very rarely dissevers the helm from the crest), or, indeed, to any one else who can give the subject intelligent consideration. At the present day in France the use of crests is not nearly so general as in England and Germany ; in Italy, and
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especially in Spain and Portugal, it is less frequent still. This has greatly arisen from the unrestricted use of coronets by those who, according to our insular ideas, would have no right to them. In Spain, however, the escucheon is often timbred with a helm adorned with plumes of varying colours.
Many writers have denied the right of ecclesiastics (and, of course, of women) to the use of helmet and crest. Spener, the great German herald, defends their use by ecclesiastics, and says that, in Germany at any rate, universal custom is opposed to the restriction. There, the prelates, abbots, and abbesses, who held princely fiefs by military tenure, naturally retained the full knightly insignia. But in the southern kingdoms clerics almost invariably replace the helmet and crest by the ecclesiastical hat. (See my Ecclesiastical Heraldry^
An examination of any series of ancient seals will show that the early crests were frequently derived from the charges of the escucheon, and many continue to be borne without material change up to the present day. On the other hand at least, as frequently the crests do not correspond to the charges, and have been repeatedly varied at the caprice of the owners. The two crests em- ployed at the same date by Jean de Chastillon, Sire de Dampierre, are shown on his seal and its secretum. His helm is timbred with a demi-man in armour; on the secretum the crest is a peacock's head and wings. Sometimes the crest assumed had reference to an office held by the wearer. On the seal of David Lindsay, Lord Crawford, in 1345, the crest is a key erect, which is said to have been adopted to denote the wardenship of the Castle of Berwick, or of Edinburgh. The Earls of Dunbar and March, Wardens of the Marches, had as a crest a horse's head bridled ; and the JOHNSTONS of Annandale, Wardens of the West Marches, a spur between a pair of wings ; in both cases the crest was
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assumed with reference to their constant readiness to discharge the duties of those offices (NiSBET, ii., 19). More frequently the crest referred to descent. Thus, that of the Lyons, Earls of Strathmore : a demi-woman holding in her right hand a thistle, and placed within two laurel branches proper, commemorates an alliance with the daughter of ROBERT II. Seton of Touch used a boar's head or^ in memory of a descent from a Gordon heiress ; just as in England the demi-monk, the crest of the Lords Stourton, commemorates a descent from the family of Le Moyne. The crest of the Woodwards — a white greyhound sejant on a golden crest-coronet (Plate XXII., fig. 6) — was derived from the Clintons of Baddesley through the marriage {c, 1460) of John Wodeward with their heiress Petronilla Clinton. The Lancastrian white greyhounds are still the supporters of the Clintons, Dukes of NEW- CASTLE, of the Earls FoRTESCUE (once Lords Clinton), and of the present Lords CLINTON.
Among the earliest crests assumed without reference to the charges of the shield, were buffalo horns, and wings. This use by the Germans of horns as adorn- ments of the helm is noted by so early an author as DiODORUS SiCULUS. {See Ellis, Antiquities of Heraldry, p. 147 ; they were also used by the ancient Etruscans).
The ox-horns which appear so frequently in German crests were affixed one on either side of the helm and often sprang from its sides, not from its summit. Originally, as will be seen in the Zurich Wappenrolle and in our example (Plate XXL, fig. i), the horns were simply curved and pointed. In the more florid heraldry of later times they are recurved, and have a mouth-piece in which are sometimes placed tufts or plumes of feathers {see Plate XXL, figs. 5, 6, 7). This latter form, not being understood by French armorists, received the absurd name of trompes (Tdiphanty or proboscides !
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These horns are usually of the tinctures of the shield. If this be barry the horns will probably be so also (Plate XX., fig. 2. and Plate XL, fig. 6), if it be per pale the dexter horn will be of the one tincture, the sinister of the other. If the coat is quarterly each horn will be divided per fesSy so that the colours appear alternately {see BOYNEBURG below, and Plate XXI., fig. 6). Some- times the horns are stringed, as on the seal of Marquard de Scheltenberg in i3io(j^^ Hueber, Austria Illustrata, tab. vii., 13 ; the Zurich WappenrolUy plates ii., iv., ix., and xxi., and our Plate XV., fig. i).
Sometimes, as in the crest of Hesse, on Plate XI., fig. 3, small horizontal rods are fixed to the horns, and from them depend little linden leaves. This is probably a survival of the old leafy wreathings of the crest. This crest is borne for Thuringia, in the full achievement of the Houses of Saxony.
Sometimes one crest serves for two quartered coats ; thus the crest often used for Bavaria was the Palati- nate golden lion, sejant between the two horns (or as many wings) which, charged with the fusilly-bendy^ were the crest of Bavaria. {See Plate XI. fig. 6.)
The wings used as crests are generally those of eagles {see Plate XXI., figs. 3 and 4); they are nearly as frequently found as the horns, are probably as ancient, and are generally tinctured on the same principle. Thus the crest of the Counts zu Traun, who bear : Per pale argent and sabky is : — out of a crest coronet or, a pair of wings, the dexter argent, the sinister sable. If cut square at the top they were called vols bannerets, and were sometimes charged with the arms. Thus on the seal in 1365, of Bertrand du Guesclin, the crest was an eagle's head between a vol banneret, thereon a bend charged with his arms: Argent, a double-headed eagle displayed sable, debruised by a bendlet gules {cf, Plate XII., fig. i), where the vol ov\y appears.
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Vo/s bannerets were thought to denote the rank of bannerets in France. "Le chevalier banneret se disting- uait des autres par le vol banneret qu'on plagait en bannifere de chaqne c6te du cimier dc son ecusson {La Noblesse en France^ p. 121). When a vol forms the crest, the whole bearings of the shield are often found upon each of the wings. Such a crest is still borne by the Dukes of Norfolk. Eagles* wings are often powdered with linden leaves of gold or silver {v, Plate XXI., fig. 3).
Panaches^ plumes, usually of peacock's or ostrich feathers, were very frequently used in mediaeval times in England, and are still in great favour abroad. {^See Plate XXII., figs. I and 8.) Many of the Low-Country crests given in the Annorial du H^raut Geldre are adorned with cock's feathers. {See Plates XII., XIII.) The eyes of peacock's feathers are often used to adorn crests {see Plate XV., figs. 2 and 4, and Plate XXL, figs. 3 and 10) in an unexpected way. The back edges of the sickles of the Brunswick crests are thus adorned. A curious ridge Miancr^ runs down the head and back of the birds or beasts in many German and Italian crests {see Plate XIV., fig. 2 ; Plate XV., fig. 3 ; Plate XXL, fig. 10). I have before made allusion to the crest of the Malatesta family, where the head of the elephant is thus adorned. The crest of Austria is a panac/ie of peacock's feathers rising from a golden coronet.
Though the use of the coroneted helm is general, German crests often rise from a cap or chapeau ; and there are numerous examples in which a hat is the sole crest. The hat thus used is usually tall and conical and charged with the arms. The crest of SAXONY is a familiar example of this. Out of a coronet rises a tall hat charged with the arms, coroneted at the point, and ending in a small tuft of three peacock's feathers {v, Plate XL, fig. 2). From ignorance of its meaning this hat is often erroneously blazoned a " Column " (!), a term
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which is also applied to the plumatl^ or tuyau, the tube out of which feathers sometimes rise, an ancient form of which is shown in Plate" XXL, fig. 7. Curious mediaeval hats, used with considerable frequency, are represented in Plate XII., fig. 4, and Plate XIII., fig. 3.
The human figure, which is a favourite crest in Germany, is usually a half-length, without arms, and is often habited in the bearings of the shield {v. Plate XX., fig. 2). Its arms are frequently replaced by a pair of horns, which gives the figure a bizarre appearance to British eyes. The explanation is easy ; the human figure was originally placed between the horns which were attached to the helm. The same explanation suffices for such crests as that of MuMPELGARD, Plate XII., fig. 3, where the arms are replaced by fish. The crest of JOHN de Grailly, K.G., Captal de BUCH, was a man's head in profile with long asses' ears {^See Plate XI 1 1., fig. 4, from the Armorial de Geldre\ this was often blazoned as the head of Midas. The Soudan de la Trau, K.G., in 1379 used the same crest ; it appears on the stall-plates of both at Windsor, and on the seal of the latter is as depicted in Beltz, Memorials of the Order of the Garter^ p. 269. It is worthy of notice that out of these hats, once in ordinary use by persons of rank, the " cap of maintenance " which supports some British crests took its origin. {^See Plate XI., figs. I and 5; Plate XIII., fig. 2.) The modern notion that it was only allowed to " leaders of armies," " governors of states," " those who descend from victorious leaders," is as amusingly wrong as the more liberal idea that it may at pleasure be substituted for a wreath as " a matter of taste and fancy." (Both opinions are expressed in the same number of our excellent Notes and Queries^ 5 th series, v, pp. 416, 417.)
The mitre, or a mitred figure, is occasionally found as a crest, and has sometimes given rise to the most absurd
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explanations. It is usually borne to indicate that the user, or his progenitors, held the office of advocate {Avau^ ; Vidame ; Vogt) to a bishopric, or great ecclesi- astical foundation. (See my Ecclesiastical Heraldry y pp. 103-106. (The curious crest, Plate XIV., fig. 3, would hardly be suspected of being only a mitre in profile, with tufts of feathers at the points.)
According to British ideas there are many anomalies in the German use of crests. Occasionally a shield bearing a single coat is timbred with two or more crested helms ; and, still more curiously, these are some- times identical. Thus the Barons VON BOYNEBURG, who bear : Quarterly sable and argent ^ have three coroneted helms, each bearing a hat per pale of the colours, and surmounted by two buffalo horns per fess alternately of the same. Two of the three crests borne by the County of Maxelrain are identical. The Counts of Cleve used as crest a buffalo head guleSy enveloping the helm so that the mouth served as the visor {v. Plate XI., fig. 4). The head was crowned with a coronet of gold fleurons, its circlet like the fess in the arms of Marck, chequy argent and gules, out of which the horns arose. The crest of the Royal House of FRANCE was a double y?ir«r- de-lis, so placed that from every point of view a iuW fleur- de-lis was seen {v, Plate XII., fig. 6).
In Germany, Russia, and Austria the Imperial and Prussian eagles are frequently given as augmentations, and are then usually borne on coroneted helms.
In Great Britain the crest has become the part of the armorial insignia most generally employed. We find it divorced not only from the coat of arms, but from its helm, doing the duty of a badge on household furniture, on silver plate, on servants* buttons, on the panels of carriages, and the harness of their horses. It need hardly be said that all this is an entire departure from the original idea of the crest as the ornament of a
PLATE XXII.
OBBSTS AND SUPPOBTEfiS.
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knightly helm ; that the use of a crest by ladies (unless they are sovereign princesses) is an indefensible anomaly ; and that to speak (as people who ought to be better informed often do) of a whole achievement — arms, helm, crest, and motto — as " our cresty' is as absurd as it would be to call a suit of clothes a tiara !
In British armory, crests are (theoretically) susceptible of differences ; the crests of the Plantagenet princes, for instance, were differenced by the labels used on their coats of arms ; and the same custom obtains with regard to the labels used by the Princes of the Royal House at the present day. But the use of the modern marks of cadency — the crescent, mullet, etc. — upon their crests by persons of lower station is even more infrequent than their use in the armorial escucheon. In Scotland, where cadets and sub-cadets are very numerous, and the prevalent system of differencing is inapplicable to crests, the custom has long prevailed by which cadet lines on matriculating their arms are allowed to use a different crest from that employed by the chief line of the family. {Cf, the Continental use described on p. 229,)
According to modern English practice two crests can only be properly borne, either when a special grant of a crest has been made by the Crown as an honourable augmentation, or in virtue of a Royal licence to use an additional family name and the corresponding Armorial Insignia. In Scotland the system of change of name by Royal licence does not obtain, but it may be remarked here that before the year 1809 ^^ instance can be found of more than a single crest being used by an individual north of the Tweed ; and it was considerably later that instances of the modern practice began to appear in the Lyon Register in some (though by no means in all) cases in which a double surname had been assumed ; and in a very few other instances in
VOL. II. R
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which this apology could not be made for the innova- tion.
The entire lack of true heraldic feeling which characterised the armory of the last century and the first half of the present, and which, as many modern grants sufficiently indicate, cannot yet be spoken of in the past tense, is shown nowhere more forcibly than in the tasteless and absurd devices granted to be borne as crests. There is a perfect museum of them in the plates attached to Mr Fox Davies\s Armorial FamilieSy which appears to be printed in the interests of the novi homines. Objects which it would be impossible to attach to the summit of a helm are frequently found. Sir George Mackenzie had long ago protested : — " For crests men choose what they fancy, only it is not proper to choose such things as could not stand, or be carried by warriors upon their helmets, such as balances, or such other things which cannot either stand fixed or wave with beauty." {Science of Heraldryy ch^.'p, xx\k.) Such are the waves of the sea with floating ships, etc., which appear in connection with the achievements of Lords Nelson and Camperdown ; of C alder and DiCK- CUNYNGHAM (barts.) ; the shipwreck of Lord ExMOUTH ; the clouds of BLACKWOOD, Emerson, Ker, and Stodart; the rainbows of HOPE, BENSON, and Edwards ; the coronets floating in the air above the hand, of DUNBAR (bart.) ; the eagle flying in the air above a torch, of JESSELS ; the sun shining on a stump of a tree, of Grant (bart.) ; the bees flying about the hive, of Lord Lansdowne ; the dove hovering over a fern-brake, of Sassoon, etc. The same lack of elementary heraldic skill which is evident in the complications of many modern coats is very strikingly shown in the crests which have been granted to accompany them. Quantity makes up for quality ; and half-a-dozen articles are selected as the adornments of a helm where one or two, intelligently
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disposed, would have sufficed. It is not enough to have a single object, there must be some thing (often several things) in front of it, or behind it: — three mascles, or pheons, roses, stars, crosslets, etc. As an example, and by no means the worst, take the crest of Lea (bart. 1892), On a mound vert^ a devii-heraldic antelope argent^ crined and hoofed or^ supporting with his fore-legs a bird- bolt in pale goldy all behind three pheons sable, A nice group for the top of a helm, surely ! — Still more incongruous is the employment of the Roman fasces to support the crest (as in the case of those granted to Lords Morris and Addington ; and to Hanson and Sullivan, barts., etc., etc.), and a rather suspicious raguly-bar similarly used by Lord Rendel : — /;/ front of a rock a staff raguly fesseways vert^ thereon a ivolf passant azure collared argent^ supporting with the dexter paw a spear proper^ and thereon^ flowing to the sinistery a banner sable charged with a demi-lion rampant erased argent. These fasces and raguly staves would appear strange upon a helm if they were worn transversely, and perhaps even more curious still if the position were "fore and aft!" — Where shall we find ancient precedent for the ugly and incongruous crest of HUBBERSTY: — In front of a griffin's head erased argent^ charged ivith a fess engrailed vert, a mole fesseways or? This mole, standing on its two left legs(!), seems to me a much greater violation of heraldic good taste than is involved in the curious example given in Plate XXII., fig. 3, where the helm bears a negro proper, seated on a cushion with his legs pendent on each side, and sup- porting in each hand a star or. The very modern coat granted to Fox, is: — *' Argent ^ a corrugated boiler- flue fesszvays proper fj^ between two foxes courant gules ^ each having in its mouth a trefoil vert'' The propriety of the principal charge may be open to question ; but surely none will think the present writer unduly captious
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when he ventures to suggest that that one appearance was sufficient ; and that the, doubtless, useful " corru- gated boiler-flue" need not have also been promoted to such prominence in the crest : On a wreath a corrugated boiler-flue as above, thereon a fox gules, resting its paw ofi a trefoil vert I When the latter half of the nineteenth century produces such prodigies, I am inclined to think that after all a modern writer is right, and we may well let poor Sir Isaac Heard's grant to Lord Nelson rest as an example no longer needed to point a moral and adorn a tale. Tastes of course differ, but the writer can hardly think that the epergne given to Lieutenant- General Smith by his friends at Bombay was a fitting ornament for a helmet ; or that the fact of its presenta- tion was worthy of perpetual commemoration in his armorial achievement {see Crests of Smith-Gordon, Bart.). It is quite clear that many figures now used ought never to have had official sanction ; and would not have had it if the origin and design of crests had been duly remembered by those whose duty it was, at least, to acquire a knowledge of the matters on which, after appointment, they were to speak with an authority which' none may venture to impugn, except under the penalty of lese viajestd! Something might be done by more intelligent drawing to remove present incon- gruities, even though unfortunately they may occur in the original authoritative exemplification, eg,, arms embowed should not be drawn in the unstable position of resting on the elbow ; as in the crest of Armstrong, bart, where (a trefoil in front partly hides the bad balance) the fist projects over one shoulder, and the couped upper-arm over the other shoulder, of the wearer ! Hands holding wreaths, etc., should issue, not out of clouds in the heavens above, but from the helm beneath. Lambrequins and Wreaths.— Ancient crests w^ere
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moulded out of cuir bouilli^ and fixed on the helm by a calotte^ or cap, of the same substance. This appears from the old tourney rules printed in Men£trier, de rOrigine des Armories et du Blason, pp. 79, 80, from a MS. in the Library of Seguier, Chancellor of France, printed in the Appendix. In the Zurich Wappenrolle there are no wreaths, and the calotte is usually of a red colour {see Plates XIV. and XV.). In later times the line of junction was masked by a wreath of silk, the ends of which floated behind. Some have seen in this a reminiscence of the turbans of the Saracens. In a large number of cases crest and calotte are in one piece {see Plates XIII., XIV., XV.). In the Armorial de Gelre, X\i^ calotte no longer fits the helm tightly, though it often forms part of the crest, but it has greater length behind, and its floating edges are scalloped ; this was the origin of the lambrequins. In other cases the calotte is distinct, and varies in colour, from the crest. It has become a capuchon or capeline^ and the line of junction with the crest is either hidden by a crest-coronet or covered by a hat from which the crest rises. The tortile or wreath, occurs but seldom in th^ Armorial de Gelre, In many instances the capeline was armoyee {v. Vol. II., Plate XII., figs. 5, 6). On the capeline of ROBERT II. of Scotland are the arms of BRUCE. Other Scottish examples are found in the cases of the Sire de Sandilands, and Sir Gauthier Halyburton, in both of which the lambre- quins are armoyh. In the arms of the Due de BAVlfeRE, shield, capeline^ and crests are all alike tinctured with the Bavarian fusils (Plate XL, fig. 6). When the crest was formed by the head and neck of a bird its plumage was prolonged to serve as a capeline^ as in Plate XII., fig. i. There are several instances of these feather lambrequins in the stall-plates at Windsor. {^See those of Sir HUGH CouRTENAV; THOMAS, Earl of WARWICK; Sir Thomas Erpingham ; Sir Willian Arundel, etc.). The
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helm of Jamks, 7th Earl of Douglas, in the church of S. Bride at Douglas, has a peacock's head as the crest, and lambrequins of peacock's feathers. (See Sir William Fraser's Douglas Book, vol. i., p. 442.) In Plate XIV., fig. 4, from the Zurich Wappenrolle, we see the scaly skin of a salmon similarly used. The mane of the Hon, which forms the crest of Mertz ; the skin of the bull of Marck (Plate XI., fig. 4) ; and the hair and beard of the men in the case of the crests of BOHN, Landschaden, etc., are similarly prolonged into lavibrequins. The capeline was not merely ornamental, it discharged the same oflfice as the puggree does on a modern helmet, protecting the head and neck of the wearer from the rays of the sun. When the helmet ceased to be worn, the capeline, as depicted in painting or sculpture, underwent a double conversion ; first into lambrequins of the helmet, and then into a mantling surrounding the arms. The picturesque lambrequins have now degenerated into mere unmean- ing flourishes and scrolls, and, whether they envelop the shield or not, are known as mantlings. In Germany the tinctures of the lambrequins of the crested helms corres- pond with those of the quartering to which they belong. (^See Plate XX.) When a single helm is used with a quartered coat the lambrequins vary on either side so as to correspond with the tinctures of the adjacent quarters. According to modern British usage, while the rule for the tinctures of the wreath is that they should be of the principal metal and colour of the arms, the mantlings are o{ gules, or crimson, lined with white. This is so general that, with the usual official tendency to regulate that which needs no regulation, many modern grants of arms in Scotland since the seventeenth century, and others of earlier date in England, have distinctly prescribed these as the tinctures of the mantlings, instead of permitting the wearer to follow the old custom of using mantlings composed, like the wreath, of the principal tinctures. One
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of the respects in which we may expect (or at all events may hope for) better things as a result of the spread of a greater knowledge of heraldry combined with better artistic taste is in this matter of the mantlings and lambrequins. My hopes are so far justified by the fact that since the publication of the first issue of this book the new grants made by "Lyon" prescribe the use of the colours of the arms for the mantlings, as well as for the wreath. • We need only look at the early stall-plates of the Knights of the Garter to find precedents for treat- ment of these which are both heraldic and truly artistic. Thus the mantlings of the arms of Georg^E, Duke of Clarence, are sem^ of the white roses of York. Those of Sir John Bourchier, Lord Berners, have their silver lining powdered alternately with water- budgets (the charge of his arms) and with his badge, the Bourchier Knot; while the crimson mantling is sevii of golden billets from one of his quarterings. The azure mantling of Henry V. as Prince of Wales is sem^ oi the French goXd^n fleurs-de-lis ; and that of JOHN, Lord Beaumont (K.G., 1397) is similarly ^^r;' argent, as the field of his arms. The BfiTHUNES, Dues de SuLLY, etc., bear exceptionally a golden helm with Imnbrequins of azure, fleury or, their arms being Argent, a /ess gules. The Daubeny mantling is sevitf of mullets {see fig, 17, p. 227). On the brass of Sir John Wvlcote at Tew the lambrequins are chequy, sable and argent ; and the Warrens also used the mantling chequy or and azure from their arms. (Vincent's MSS. in Coll. Arm.) On the seals of Sir John Bussy in 1391 and 1407 the mantlings are barry, the coat being Argent, three bars sable, ( Visitation of Huntingdon, pp. 67, 68.)
Some recent examples of mantlings constructed on the old lines, but, I much fear, " without authority "(!) are to be found in Mr Egerton Castle's excellent work on English Book-Plates, Mantlings of various
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tartans have been employed by Mr Chadwick, in the illustrations to his work on Ontarian Families,
There are many exceptional cases in which the rule that the lambrequins should agree with the tinctures of the arms is not observed; e.g,, the Swiss GULDINEN have lambrequins of or and argent; the Prussian Steinmans of purple only ; the Gheldersons of vert and azure. The Polish MiEROZEWSKY have them of brown and azure ; the Brunetti oi brunatre.
There is as great variety in the use of the wreath (Plate XII., fig. i). A knight in the old tournament days on occasion substituted a contoise of the colours of his mistress, or a sleeve of her dress, for the armorial wreath of his own colours. COSSO in Dalmatia uses azure and gules ; DOPF, sable and gules. In many cases the wreath is of three or more tinctures ; it is chequy on the seals of Robert Stewart, Duke of Albany, in 1389, and of his son MURDOCH (Laing, i., 787, 789). Occasionally a wreath of flowers or leaves is substituted for the o'rdinary tortil. The wreath of Patrick Hep- burn appears to be of roses in V Armorial de Gelre^ and several similar German examples are to be found in SlEBMACHER. The helm of Engelbert, Comte de Nassau, was couronn^ (Tune haye (Tor, See also the crests of JOHN Louis of Nassau in Maurice {Les
Armoiries des Clievaliers de la Toison d'Or^ No. 41 3), and there are several examples of the use of a crown of thorns. The wreath of the Troutbecks is formed of trouts in an example in Moule's Heraldry of Fish ; that of Jean de Guevara, Comte d'ARiANO, was of peacock's feathers. I have collected very many other curious examples of what would now be called "un- authorised assumptions." Among us the modern wreath is usually very badly drawn ; it is disproportionately large, and like a straight twisted bar, balanced on the top of the helm and extended over the shoulders ! It
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does not seem to have occurred to modem heraldic artists that if th^ garde visure of the helmet, as drawn by them, were forced open the crest and wreath would topple off at once ! Some very modern books of great pretension under official revision are, in this respect, as in others, as great offenders as their predecessors ! {^See also the funny modern examples at Windsor ; and the older ones in the chapel of Henrv VII., at Westminster Abbey, formerly used as the Chapel of the Order of the Bath.)
The Crest-Coronet. — The use of this was developed from the wreath. It is an open crown, usually of gold, and having (but not invariably) four foliations (of course only three are visible) like those of a ducal coronet, by which name it still is vulgarly designated, though there is in it no reference to ducal or to any other titular rank. It was much employed in the Low Countries and in Germany, where, however, it is properly considered an adjunct to the helm rather than as a portion of the crest, but there are few examples of its use in the Zurich Wappenrolle ; one of these is that of the Dukes of Austria, but there is no coronet on the seals of Leopold m 1216, of Albert in 1286, or of Frederick
in 131 1. The coronet is used by RODOLPH in 1305, and Frederick in 131 3 [see Hueber, Austria I llustrata). Sometimes the coronet was tinctured of other colours than gold. In the Annorial de Gelre^ that used by " le Rot de Navarre^' is actually of ertnine ! The use of a coroneted helm is said by some writers to be peculiar to those who are of tourney nobility — whose ancestors had taken part in those conflicts. Brydson (^Summary View of Heraldry^ p. 189), thought it a distinction of a banneret (but this it certainly was not in England), and he quotes Olivier de la Marche, ." that none ought to adorn the tymbres of their armorial ensigns with a golden crown but gentlemen of name, arms, and cry."
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By the regulations of the English College of Arnns no new grants of crests arising from crest-coronets, or chapeaux, are now made to ordinary applicants. But mural, naval, and Eastern, crowns form part of the grant in the case of persons who have respectively served with great distinction as military or naval officers, or in the public service of our Asiatic possessions ; and some vallary crowns have also been granted. These coronets,
Mural. Biuteni. Vallary. Naval.
Fig. 18.— CHEST-CoHONffTs.
which are very rarely found except in British armory, are here figured. Other forms of the crest-coronet are found but rarely ; that used by the Marquess of RiPON is o{ fleurs-de-lis ; and that of the RiDDELLS of Ardnamurchan is said to be " the coronet of a French count" Out of an Earl's coronet : Or^ a dove rising argent, in its beak a ivheat ear stalked proper, was the crest confirmed to Davidson, by Sir William Segar, 7, Car. I ( Visitation of Durham), The crest of Mahony, a dexter arm embowed in armour, the naked hand holding a sword proper piercing a fleur-de-lis or, is said to rise from the coronet of a French count.
Mantles and Pavilions. — The mantles which are frequently drawn around the arms of sovereigns and great nobles must be distinguished from the mantlings, or lambrequins of the helm ; though, as has been said, both were simply enlargements of the capeline, and like it were often armoy^es. In later times the arms of Sovereigns ; the German Electors, etc., were mantled, usually with crimson or purple velvet fringed with gold, lined with ermine, and crowned ; but the mantling armoye was one of the marks of dignity used by the
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Pairs de France, and by Cardinals resident in France ; it was also employed by some great nobles in other countries. An early example is afforded by the arms of the Duke of Lorraine {Moule, //^-rrt/t/^^o/y^/VA, p. 71). In NisliET's System of Heraldry the arms appended to the dedications of that work to the Duke of Hamil- ton and the Earl of Morton are thus armoy^es. The mantling of the Princes and Dukes of MlkANiJOLA was : Cliequy argent and azure, lined with ermine. Other families used a mantling which, though not strictly armoyt'e, was seme' with one or other of the chaises of their arms. In France the mantling of the Chancelier was of cloth of gold ; that of the Presidents li mortier of scarlet, lined with alternate strips of ermine ^xkA petit gris. Some Sclavonic families have a mantling of fur only ; hat of the Hungarian Chorinski is a bear skin. In Sweden the tinctures of the mantlings are specified in the patent, and arc often curiously varied. On his monument at Schoonhoven, the arms of '. Olivier van Noort, Admiral of the Netherlands (who first led theDutch fleet through theStraits of Magellan), were, ^^«r^,^^/«'<'c« two estoiles or, a/ess wavy argent rippled proper. The crest, placed on the shield without the inter- vention of a helm, was the terraqueous globe, thereon a fully rigged ship. The shield is enveloped in a mantling of asure, sent/ of golden estoiles.
(The bearings were pretty certainly derived from those granted to Sir Francis Drak e, who pa.ssed the Straits of Magellan in 1517, fifty years earlier than the date of
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Van Noort's death. He bore : Sable^ afess wavy between the two Pole-stars argent. The crest was : a ship with sails reefed, being drawn round a terrestrial globe by a cable held in a hand issuing from clouds, all proper). In England the suggestion that the arms of peers should be mantled with their Parliament robes was never generally adopted. In France, NAPOLEON I., who used a mantling of purple j^;/// of golden bees, decreed that the Princes and Grand-Dignitaries should use an azure mantling thus semi^ ; those of Dukes were to be plain, and lined with vair instead of ermine. In 1817, a mantling of azure^ fringed with gold and lined with ermine, was appro- priated to the dignity oi Pair de France,
From the use of the large mantling was developed the crowned canopy known as the pavilion^ of which we see traces on the Great Seals of the Kings of FRANCE since Louis XI. {See Vri^e ; and Lecoy de la Marche.
Les Sceaux, pp. 135-148, Paris 1890.) This pavilion of the King of France was of aziire, semi de fleurs-de-lis d'or. In Russia the full Imperial Arms are environed by a pavilion of cloth of gold, semd of Imperial Eagles sable, and lined with ermine, it is surmounted by the Imperial Crown, behind which rises the banner of the Empire. The King of PRUSSIA assumed a pavilion of crimson, semi of golden crowns and Prussian eagles ; and bearing aloft the banner of the Prussian Arms. In Italy the King alone uses the pavilion. It is of azure velvet, lined with white satin, bordered and fringed with gold. The border is composed of crosses, and Savoy love-knots, alternately. The mantling used by the Royal family is of red velvet, lined with ermine, fringed with gold. The Knights of the Order of the Annunciada arc entitled to use mantlings of azure velvet, lined with white satin, and bordered with gold. The Great Officers of State, Princes, and Dukes, have the mantling of purple velvet, lined with white silk, and bordered with gold.
Fio. 20.— Thb Cbown or Chaglem/ckb, CHAPTER VII.
EXTEUNAL ORNAMENTS.
II. — CROWNS AND CORONETS.
The earliest form of the crowns and coronets in use in western Europe is a circlet of gold, plain or jewelled, or ornamented with enamels. Of these the first which is of heraldic interest is the celebrated Iron Crown OF LOMBARDY, gifted by Queen Theodklinda (d. 616) to the Basilica of Monza where it is still preserved. It is a jointed circlet of Byzantine workmanship about three inches in width, composed of six golden plates, covered with semi-transparent green enamel, and orna- mented with golden roses, and small flowers in opaque enamel. It derives its name from the iron -band which runs round its interior. This is said to have been forged out ofl/Sacro Chiodo, one of the nails used at the Crucifixion, and discovered by S. HkLENA, who is also said to have sent to her son CONSTANTINE the Great, a diadem, and a horse-curb forged from the nails. But there is not the
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smallest fragment of historical evidence to connect the diadem of CONSTANTINE with the Crown at Monza. Even so late as the coronation of CHARLES V. as Emperor, in 1529, the "Iron Crown" of Monza is not spoken of as containing // Sacro Chiodo ; and it was only at the end of the sixteenth, or early in the seven- teenth century, that it began to be venerated as a sacred relic. (^See MURATORI, De Corona Ferrea ; and the exhaustive Storia delta Corona Ferrea, of Cav. Rocco BOMBELLI, Firenze, 1870.) Having had the opportunity of carefully examining the crown I may say that it is probably of sixth or seventh century work, and was used for the same purpose as the votive suspensory crowns of the Gothic King Reccesvinthus, etc., found near Toledo in 1858, and now preserved in the Muste de Cluny at Paris. The iron rim merely keeps the' jointed plates of the circlet in place. Though too large for use as an armilla, it is too small to have been habitually worn as a crown, being scarcely more than six inchesin diameter, but with it the Kings of Italy are crowned.
It was used as a heraldic adjunct in the Ecu Complet of the Austrian Empire ; and forms a part of the decora- tion of the Royal Order of the Crown of Italy.
The crown of CHARLEMAGNE is preserved in the Imperial Treasury in the Burg at Vienna. {^See the engraving at the head of this chapter.) It is of Byzantine workmanship and is composed of portions of different dates ; probably no portion of it is co-asval with the Emperor from whom it derives its name. It consists of eight plates of gold having semicircular heads ; the alternate larger plaques are set with uncut gems ; the others, somewhat smaller, have Byzantine enamels representing the Saviour, Hezekiah, Davh), and Solomon, each within a border of uncut gems. Two small iron circlets are used to strengthen the series of plates. The central plaque is surmounted by a
VLATK XX III.
CROWNS AND COKONBTS.
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jewelled cross, from which an enamelled arch passes over the head to the plate at the back, and bears an in- scription "Chuonradus, Dei gratia Romanorum Imperator, Aug." Conrad was Emperor in 1138.
It is on this model that the present Imperial Crown of Germany is designed. Its circlet resembles that of the crown of Charlemagne, but the plaques are of equal size, and decrease somewhat towards the lower edge. They are set alternately with crosses of diamonds and eagles-displayed ; four ogee arches of brilliants terminate in the orb and cross. {See Plate XXVIII, fig. I.) The hemispherical cap of the crown is enclosed in a network of gold. When the crown of CHARLE- MAGNE appears as a heraldic charge, as in the arms of Hanover (Plate XXVI., figs. 9, 10), it is drawn in profile.
The Crown of the German Prince- Imperial has a thin golden circlet from which rise four crosses patens alternating with eagles-displayed. The crown is arched in, like that of the Emperor, and is thickly set with gems.
The circlet of gold worn by our English kings was early ornamented with points, or floriations. The seal of Edward the Confes.sor shows the king wearing a crown with four rays. That of William the Con- queror is a circlet which has four trefoils, or strawberry leaves, of which three are visible. Cuspings supporting a pearl, or a smaller foliation, were soon introduced, and this open and foliated crown is that which appears on the head of the sovereign in the early Great Seals of England, France, etc. The crown of Henry IV. has svmW^r fletdrS'de- lis introduced between the (six ?) conven- tional strawberry leaves ; small groups of pearls separate all the foliations.
Henry V. was the first English king who by adding the arches (with their orb and cross) to the circlet, converted the open coronet into that which is techni-
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cally known as a close crown. Though the open circlet occasionally appears up to the reign of Henry VI II., the arches of the crowns used by later sovereigns were generally four in number, but Henry VI. and Charles I. used the crown with eight arches. The rim of the crown of England has been heightened with alternate fleurS'de-lis and crosses patt^e (four of each) since the time of Henry VI. The cap within the crown, worn by Richard III., and perhaps by earlier sovereigns, is distinctly shown in the crown of the Great Seal of Henry VIII. The ogee curves of the golden arches, set with pearls, which appear in the crowns of Charles 1 1, and all succeeding sovereigns, have disappeared from use during the later part of the reign of Queen VICTORIA, and the arches have now the simple curve which is found in the early examples. The crown actually worn at the coronation of Her Majesty (Plate XXIII., fig. 2) differs in shape from the Imperial crown as represented on the coinage,etc. (PlateXXIII., fig. i). The bands, which have nearly the shape of a right angle, are formed of wreaths of oak-leaves in brilliants, with acorns of pearls in brilliant cups. (Correct BOUTELL, Heraldry^ Historical and Popular^ p. 320.)
The coronets of the British Princes and Princesses were granted in the reign of Charles II. The crown of the Prince of Wales resembles the Imperial crown except that it has but a single arch supporting a small orb and cross. (Plate XX II I., fig. 3). The coronet used by the other sons of the Sovereign is like that of the Prince of Wales — a circlet heightened with four QXOs&QS-patee alternating with as va^x^y fleurs-de-lis — but it is not arched- in (Plate XXIII., fig. 5). In the coronets used by the princesses two conventional strawberry leaves are substituted for two of the crosses-Z^/Zi?. (Plate XXIII., fig. 6). Their coronet, therefore, bears two crosses- patie^ four fleurs-de-lis, and two strawberry leaves (the
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cross /rt/Zifroccupies the central place in all the British princely coronets). The grand-children of the Sovereign use a coronet in which four crosscs-pat/e alternate with as many strawberry leaves. (Plate XXIII., fig. 7.) We may mention that the so-called strawberry leaves are termed /euz7/es de ache by old French writers.
The Royal crown of SCOTLAND is a circle of gold set with stones and pearls, and heightened with ten (entire) golden fleurs-de-lis^ alternating with as many floriations resembling zro%se%-fleury set with gems. Four rather small arches support a mound of blue enamel on which rests a cross slightly pat^e, set with an amethyst and pearls. (The Regalia of SCOTLAND have been very fully and accurately described by Messrs Reid and BROOK, in most interesting papers printed in the Proceedings of t/ie Society of Antiquaries of Scotland ^ 1890, pp. 18-14L)
The Royal crowns used by most foreign sovereigns, whatever be their titular rank, though they differ slightly in details, are (with exceptions hereafter noted) of one general type — a circlet of gold heightened with eight floriations between which are low cuspings each support- ing a pearl. The crown is closed in by eight pearled arches, surmounted by an orb and cross. (Plate XXIII.,
fig- 4.)
The use of the closed crown by foreign sovereigns (the
Emperor being excepted) dates only from the sixteenth
century. The arms of Queen LEONORA of PORTUGAL,
in 1498, have only the open circlet. I think the Spanish
crown was not generally closed in before the times of the
Emperor CilARLES. Erik XIV. (1560-1568) was the
first of the Swedish kings to bear the closed crown.
Among the Danish regalia in the castle of Rosenborg,
near Copenhagen, is still preserved the elegant open
crown, probably made about the year 1600, worn by
Christian IV. The closed crown appears to have been
adopted by Christian V. {c. 1670.)
VOL. II. s
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France. — Charles VIII. is said to have assumed the closed crown in 1495, after the conquest of Naples, but it does not appear upon His Great Seal, or on that of his successors until the reign of Henry II., 1547. Francis I. (15 1 5) is also said to have used the closed crown, and it certainly appears on the seal of his queen, LEONORA of Portugal. The crown borne later by himself and his successors is a circlet of gold heightened with G\ght fleurs- de-lis (often more accurately by eight defni-fleurs-de-lis^ closed by eight pearled bands which unite in a fleur-de- lis. '(Plate XXIII., fig. 13.) Occasionally the whole fleur-de-lis is used instead of the deini-fleur-de-lis. (See the coronet used by the Duchesse d'ORL^ANS, in GuiGARD, Armorial du BibliophiUy pp. 39-46.) The full fleurs-de-lis make a very elegant crown. The crowns of the Queens of FRANCE, though closed in, usually \iaAfeuilUs de ache (strawberry-leaves) alternating with ih^ fleurs-de- lis, {See the arms of Anne DE Bretagne ; LOULSE DE
Lorraine; Marie de'Medici; Anne d'Autriche; and Marie Therese d*Autriche.) (The crowns used heraldically by ELIZABETH DE Valois, Marie Lecz- INSKA, and Marie Antoinette, were exceptions to the rule.) The crown of the Dauphin was similar to that of the King, but was arched in by four dolphins embowed, supporting with their tails the crowning fleurs-de-lis, (Plate XXIII., fig. 14.) It is remarkable that Mary Stuart, Queen of Scotland, as Dauphiness, did not use the dolphin-arched crown, but a crown set with devii- fleurs-de-lisy and closed with a single arch. {See GUIGARD, Armorial du Bibliophile, p. 21.) The coronet of the other children of the king {les flls de France) was a circlet adorned with eight {demi-) fleurs-de-lis, (Plate XXII I., fig. 1 5.) That used by the Princes, their children, was set alternately with four {demi-) fleurs-de-lis and as many conventional strawberry leaves. (Plate XXII I., fig. 16.)
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The crown adopted by NAPOLEON, and used under both Empires, was a gemmed circlet of gold supporting, and completely closed in by, eight Imperial eagles, whose elevated wings united with alternate conventional palm branches rising from Greek honeysuckle floriations, to support the orb and cross. LOUIS PHILIPPE did not use the old crown, but substituted /^«/7/i?j de acfie for the fleur-de-lis, and made them rise from a horizontal wreath of oak leaves on the upper edge of the circlet. The crown was closed with eight pearled arches sup- porting an orb.
The crown of the HOLY ROMAN Empire, the crown worn by the German Emperors, appears to have been completely closed, not merely arched, at an early date, probably in imitation of the diadems used by the Byzantine Emperors from the time of Basil I. On the seal of Henry I. (1002-1024) the crown is closed in, and has also four rays or spikes surmounted by balls. That of his successor CONRAD I. has an open crown of four foliations ; but Conrad's son, the Emperor Henry n., reverted to the previous type, and, with variations in detail, this was maintained by most of his successors, (The exceptions known to me are Louis IV., Charles IV., and Rupert, who are represented with open -crowns. See Roemer-Buchner, Die Siegel der Deut- sclien Kaiser ; and Glafey^ Specimen Decadein Sigil- lorutn.) The vittce, or fillets, are clearly indicated on the seals of Conrad, i 143 ; Frederick, i 165 ; and Philip, 1203.
The crown of the Kings of BOHEMIA, known as that of St. Wenceslas, appears on the great seal of King Wladislas, in 1 160. {See Glafey, Specimen Decadem Sigillorumy tab. ix., fig. 39.) Like other crowns of the period it is of Byzantine work, and the circlet is hinged. It consists of four golden plates ; the upper edge of each rises into a (demi-) fleur-de-lis. From the backs of these
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rise the arches which support a cross. All the parts of the crown are set with rough gems.
The celebrated Ssenl Korona, (the Holy Crown), or crown of St. Stephen, with which the Kings of Hungary are crowned, and which is accordingly used as the heraldic ornament of their arms, is depicted in fig. 1 5, p. 122, and fig. 21. It derives its name from a legend
Fio. 21.— The 3zbnt Koronm.
that its upper portion was presented to St. STEPHEN, the first King of HUNGARY, by Pope Svlvestkr II. The lower portion, as we know from history, was presented after the year 1074, by the Emperor MICHAEL VII., (DucAs) to Geysa I., of Hungary. Tradition declares that the two crowns were united and form the existing crown. But it seems clear that the whole of the crown is of Byzantine origin. The crown sent to Gevsa must pretty certainly have been an open one ; as an arched or c[o.sed crown was borne in the Eastern Empire by the Basileus alone. But, if, as seems clear, the arched bands are of Byzantine design they can hardly be of Roman origin ; and it seems to me much more reason- able to suppose that the upper portion as well as the
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lower, was obtained from some Eastern source, than to accept the legend attributing to it a Papal origin. The principal part, the band which surrounds the head, is of gold edged with pearls, and is set with large uncut gems. On the front of the band these alternate with four rec- tangular plates enamelled with figures of the Archangels Michael and Gabriel, and Saints George and Demetrius. On the top of the circlet are four projections of rectangular shape with semicircular heads. These are placed at the springing places of the arches which close in the crown, and are enamelled with figures of the SAVIOUR, the Emperors Michael, and CONSTANTINE {Porphyrogenitus\ born in 1074 and Geysa himself To the front of the crown a series of golden projections similar in shape, alternating with others of pyramidal form, is interposed between the enamels just described. The arches of the crown which are low and flattened, are ornamented with figures of eight of the Apostles, and like the circlet are set with uncut gems. The whole is surmounted by a rather thin cross with globular ends, which is now bent somewhat from the perpendicular. The crown is well engraved in Bock's Die Kleinodien des HeiL Roviisclien Reichs, See also Les Origines de rOrftfvrerie Cloisonni^ par Charles de Linas, Paris, 1878.
Russia. — The present Imperial crown of Russia does not differ very materially from that used by the later German Emperors. A circlet set with large precious stones supports to the front a group of palm leaves and laurels in diamonds. A gemmed band rises from the circlet and crosses the head from back to front, supporting on its summit a large uncut ruby, and a splendid diamond cross ; as in the old German and Austrian Imperial crowns, the side pieces of the cap are .sections of a sphere, and are formed of a silver network set with brilliants.
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The treasury of the Kremlin at Moscow contains among the regalia several most curious and ancient Russian crowns. Of these one of the most interesting is the crown of Vladimir {Monomachus) fig, 22. This is a circlet out of which rises a dome-shaped cap of six sections, of gold filigree adorned with gems. This dome is truncated, and the opening is covered by a hemisphere of like workmanship supporting lai^e gems and a tall cross of Latin shape. The circlet is covered
by a broad band of sable fur. This is said to have been used by St. Vladimir in the tenth century, but is certainly of later workmanship. The crowns of the Crimea and Siberia are similar in general character, The crown ofl'ETEK Alexievitch has a circlet from which rise small pliant rods of gold topped with large uncut gems. The crowns of Kazan. AsTRACHAN, etc., are of the general barbaric tiara, or pagoda, shape ; but are not easily described without the aid of coloured engravings ; such will be found in the splendid work, Tlu Antiquities of the Russian Empire, 4to, 1849-52, of which there is a copy in the Art Library at South Kensington.
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The Prussian Royal crown, Plate XXIV. (distinct from the Imperial crown of Germany) is of gold, the circlet set with large diamonds,and heightened with diamond rosettes or foliations ; it is arched-in with eight bands set with diamonds, and is surmounted by the orb and a brilliant cross. {See Plate XXIX., fig. i.)
In Italy the Royal crown has the circlet ornamented with eight pearled trefoils, or strawberry leaves, alternat- ing with as many slightly raised points, each of which supports a small pearl. The arches rise from the eight trefoils, are pearled, and unite in an azure orb, banded and supporting a golden trefoil cross. The cap is of red velvet.
The other European Royal crowns need no special mention ; generally they are used not only by the sovereign and his consort, but as a heraldic ornament by the Princes of the Royal House. Thus the crown of the late Prince ALBERT of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, the lamented Prince Consort of Queen VICTORIA (a younger brother of the then reigning Duke of Saxe- Coburg), was in all respects of the Royal type, differing only in minor details from that given in Plate XXIII., fig. 4.
The arch-ducal crown of Austria is at present a circlet of gold set with strawberry leaves, and having a single arch, as in the crown of the Prince of Wales. It also shows the cap of crimson velvet which rarely appears at the present day in foreign Royal crowns. The crown of the Electors of the Holy Roman (or Germanic) Empire was, like the old arch-ducal crown of Austria, provided with a circlet of ermine cut into points ; in the arch-ducal crown these points were edged with gold and pearls.
The crown used by many German Princes {Fiirsten) resembles the old electoral crown, having a scalloped circlet of ermine, a crimson velvet cap, and four golden
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arches with the orb and cross (Plate XXIII., fig. 25). Princes of the Royal House in Italy should use a ducal coronet with an azure velvet cap ; and the other princes a like coronet with a crimson velvet cap. But these rules are very little regarded, and the bearers of princely titles in Italy, etc., generally use a crown practically identical with a Royal one, but having four arches. The coronets which appear above the escucheon of the Swedish Royal Princes in the series of Arms of the Knights of the Order of the Seraphim in the Riddarholms Kyrka at Stockholm, are composed of a golden circlet, adorned with high points like an Eastern crown, but with a small pearl at the top of each point. The points are usually, though not invariably, eight in number (five being visible). Between the points are a series of representations of the Vase^ or sheaf of the Vasa arms. These are sometimes of gold, sometimes they appear to be of sable. I noticed that on the coronets of the Dukes of SODERMANIA, and Upland, no sheaves are now apparent. The caps of the coronets are of azure velvet, and (in the case of the Crown-Prince at least) were sem^s of small golden open crowns, the charges in the arms of Sweden.
The Grand Dukes of Tuscany used a circlet of gold set in front with a large fleur-de-lis florenq^e^ the rest of the rim being ornamented with blades of iris leaves, and intermediate buds of the same flower.
The coronet of the Doges of Venice is represented in Plate XXIII., fig. 23 ; the plain coronet of gold enclosed a cap of cloth of gold, or white silk damask, of peculiar shape.
Coronets. — When we come to the consideration of the coronets borne by the European nobility, we must remark at the outset that great licence prevails, and that it is only in our own land that we can be certain that the coronet which is used as a heraldic adornment is a clear indication of the rank of the user.
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Even the ducal coronet (Plate XXIII., fig. 8), which is common to that rank in all European countries, is sometimes employed on the Continent by nobles of an inferior title, without exposing them, as such an assump- tion would do among us, to comment or derision. The ducal coronet, it appears from RiETSTAP, is generally borne by Marquises in Belgium and the Netherlands. It was also borne by the Marshals of France and their wives, as well as by the Chanceliers de France, les Premier Presidents, and the great Officers of State. I may remark also that all Grandees of the first class in Spain have the right to use the ducal coronet, though they may choose to be known by an inferior title ; a Spanish grandee will frequently prefer to be known as the possessor of a great historical Marquessate, or County, than as the owner of a more modern Dukedom. All Spanish Dukes are grandees. Sometimes the titles of two ranks are there borne together. The well-read student of history will at once remember that Olivarez, the Minister of State of Philip IV. was known as the " Conde-Duquer Spanish Dukes often use at present the closed-in crown like that borne by Princes of the Holy Roman Empire.
The coronet of a Marquess among us is a circlet of gold heightened with four strawberry leaves, and as many large pearls set alternately (Plate XXIII., fig. 9). In other countries the number of strawberry leaves remains the same, but our single pearl is often replaced by a group of two or three smaller ones, separate or con- joined. (Plate XXIII., figs. 17, 18, 32.) Fig. 17 is that which is most frequently used by French and Italian Marquises at the present day, but in France under LOUIS XIV. the form in fig. 18 (but with three pearls instead of two) was just as frequent.
The coronet of an Earl (Plate XXIII., fig. 10) has the usual circlet of gold, heightened with eight strawberry
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leaves, and as many large pearls raised on high points, or rays. The coronet of a foreign Count is usually ornamented with sixteen pearls, of which nine are visible. In Italy and in Germany these are usually placed on high points ; in the old French coronets they arc raised very little above the circlet {see Plate XXIII., figs. 19 and 26). Another coronet used by French Counts has the circlet set with four groups, each of three pearls in a trefoil, and with smaller pearls on the rim in the intermediate spaces. The Counts of the NETHER- LANDS use a coronet very closely resembling that which is now known among us as the " crest-coronet ; " but the intermediate cusping of our crest-coronet has not (or ought not to have) the small alternating pearl which appears in the coronet of the Dutch Counts ; in other words, their coronet much resembles that of a Marquess (Plate XXII f., fig. 9), but has much smaller pearls.
The Viscount's coronet with us was first granted by James I., and is a golden circlet with twelve pearls, of which seven are visible, set close to the rim. (Plate XXIII., fig. II.) The number of these is differently given as twelve, fourteen, or sixteen, but as only seven are visible it is pretty clear that twelve is the number. In France it had at first only four pearls, of which three were visible ; but later these were a little raised and four smaller pearls were placed in the intervals. (Plate XXIII., fig. 20.) The Viscounts of the Netherlands have attributed to them by RiETSTAP a coronet set with four pearls on points, of which three are visible ; and the intermediate spaces are occupied by strawberry leaves. (PlateXXIIL. fig. 29.)
In Italy the coronet of a Viscount is set with four large, and as many smaller pearls ; so that three of the former and two of the latter are visible (Plate XXIII., fig- 33)- The pearls are set directly on the rim without
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intervening points. In Spain the coronet of a Viscount is a circlet set with four balls, of which three are visible.
The Baron's coronet with us has the circlet set with six large pearls, of which four are visible. (Plate XXIII., fig. 12). In Germany, and in Italy, the coronet resembles that of a Count, but has only twelve pearls, of which seven are visible. (Plate XXIIL, fig. 12.) In France, and sometimes in Italy, the baronial coronet is a circle of gold wreathed with strings of small pearls. (Plate XXIIL, fig. 21.) But a coronet of four large, and as many small, pearls alternately was sometimes used, of these three large and two small pearls were visible in a drawing. A curious coronet is used by the Barons of the Low-Countries created under Austrian rule ; it is represented in Plate XXIIL, fig. 30, and is a circlet of gold with a cap ornamented with gold and pearls. The Baronial coronet in Austria and Portugal is like the French but has also five balls visible on the rim. In Sweden the Baronial coronet is ornamented with twelve pearls, arranged in the shape of trefoils, in four sets of three, one pearl above two. Of the four sets only three are visible, one fully, the other two partially, so that the number of pearls actually seen is seven. Another form of the coronet has eight balls, five visible, each of which has a small pearl at the top.
The coronet of a Vidame ( Vogty Avoui) was a circlet of gold ornamented with four crosses pat^e, of which three are visible. (Plate XXIIL, fig. 24.)
The Chancellor of France, and the Premiers Presidents used a mortier, or cap edged with gold (Plate XXIIL, fig. 22), which was placed above the coronet which sur- mounted their arms.
The Admirals of the United Provinces of the Nether- lands adorned their escucheons with a naval crowm composed of prows of ships. {See the monuments of de
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RuYTER, Van Galen, and Kinsbergen, in the Nieuwe Kerk ; and those of SwEERS, HuLST, etc., in the Oude Kerk, at Amsterdam.)
Plate XXIII., contains two figures, Nos. 31 and 35, which have not yet been described. They are the coronets often used abroad by Jonkheers, hereditary knights, and nobles generally, who have not the right to the superior titles of Baron, etc. In Italy the general coronet of nobility is of gold having eight large pearls set directly on the rim, five of these are visible. The coronet attributed to hereditar}' knighthood has only four pearls, of which three arc visible. When these coronets appear on carriagesor visiting-cards they are often supposed by the unlearned to mean something much more than they really indicate. They are on all fours with the crest-coronet, or with the circlets which were used in early times upon the basenets of knights, and out of which no doubt the crest-coronet was evolved. But by the average Englishman, whose idea is that there is no nobility apart from the Peerage, the foreign coronet is assumed to be the index of high noble and titled rank, and the ignotum is taken only too often pro magfiifico with very little reason indeed.
Napoleon, who had no objection to assume an Imperial crown for himself, endeavoured to substitute for the helmets and coronets of his nobles a series of velvet toques^ or hats turned up with various colours, and ornamented with ostrich feathers. Those who are curious on the subject will find these all set out in Slmon, L' Annorial GMralde r Empire Fran^ais^ tome i., but they were tasteless in design, and the new noblesse were not likely willingly to use insignia which marked them out as nouveaux annoblis ; the toques had conse- quently but a very brief existence. The title of Marquess was not conferred by NAPOLEON I. ; and is unknown in Poland and in Scandinavia.
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Although coronets as insignia of nobility were in use by the nobles of England in the reign of Edward III., they did not assume their present, or indeed any, distinctive character until a much later period. What- ever may have been their use for personal adorn- ment, the Stall Plates of the Knights of the Garter in S. George's Chapel at Windsor, show that their heraldic use was not at all general in early times, nor were their shapes settled by authority. Few instances appear before the reigns of HENRY VIII. and his children.
The fashion at the present day is to omit the caps (of crimson velvet, with a golder^ tassel) which used to line the coronets. In France after the Restoration the marks of the Pairie were the mantlings surrounding the escucheon {v. p. 251), and the coronets which surmounted them and indicated the rank of the peers ; these coronets enclosed caps of azure velvet.
It should be noticed that although in heraldic drawings the circlets of coronets are represented as set with jewels; in the actual coronets worn by our Peers such additions are strictly forbidden.
The coronet used by the Kings of Arms at the present day is of a gilt circlet on which is inscribed the words :
Miserere mei, deus, secundum magnam miseri-
CORDIAM TUAM, from Psalm LI. From the circlet rise sixteen oak-leaves, nine being visible ; they are of two sizes arranged alternately. (Plate XXIII., fig. 36). The use of these coronets probably dates from the time of Charles 1 1. According to Nisbet {System of Heraldry ^ vol. ii., p. 166), the crown of "Lyon" King of Arms in Scotland, was of gold, closed like the Royal crown, but enamelled instead of being set with pearls and gems. I do not know by what authority, if any, its use has in modern times been discontinued in favour of that now employed in England and Ireland.
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In the plate following the title of MAURICE'S Blason des An not ties des Chevaliers deTOrdre de la Toison cTOry 1665, the coronet given as that of a King of Arms is a circlet set with four crosses (Plate XXIII., fig. 24) like that described on p. 267, as that of a Vidame. (MAURICE was himself Gueldres, King of Arms.)
Pig. 23.— Arms, Etc., or Pukce Pittbus
CHAPTER VIII.
EXTERNAL OHNAMENTS.
[II. — SUPPORTERS.
Supporters are figures of living creatures placed at the side, or sides, of an armorial shield, and appearing to support it. French writers make a distinction, giving the name -of Supports to animals, real or imaginary, thus employed ; while human figures or angels similarly used are called Tenants. Tenants also include monkeys, centaurs, mermaids, etc., which have a semi-human appearance Trees, and other inanimate objects which are sometimes used are called Soutiens.
Men^tRIER and other old writers trace the origin of supporters to the usages of the tournaments, where the shields of the combatants were exposed for inspection, and guarded by their servants or pages disguised in fanciful attire, — " C'est des Tournois qu'est venu cet usage parce que les chevaliers y faisoient porter leurs lances
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et leurs ^cus, par des pages, et des valets de pied d^guisez en ours, en lions, en mores, et en sauvages." — Usage des Armoiries^ p. 119. The old romances give us evidence that this custom prevailed ; but I think only after the use of supporters had already risen from another source.
There is no doubt whatever that Anstis was quite correct when, in his Aspilogia^ he attributed the origin of supporters to the invention of the engravers, who filled up the spaces at the top and sides of the triangular shield upon a circular seal with foliage, or with fanciful animals. Any good collection of mediaeval seals will strengthen this conviction. For instance, the two volumes of Laing's Scottish Seals, and still more the Catalogue of Seals in tlie British Museum, afford hundreds of examples in which the shields used in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries were placed between two creatures resembling lizards or dragons. These creatures are sometimes winged ; but perhaps more frequently without wings. {See the seal of ALEXANDER de Balliol, i 295. Laing, ii., 74) Other charges were sometimes used. In English seals of the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries the shield, if it be not enclosed in a geometrical panel, is commonly suspended from the branches of a tree in pale behind the escucheon. See the seal of Isabella, Duchess of Albany, Plate II., fig. 7. Here the escucheon is also placed between two human hearts, and slips of foliage. In CIBRARIO, Sigilli de Principi de Savoia, etc., Torino, 1834, the shield of BEATRICE of SAVOY, Dauphine de Viennols in 1279, is placed between the lacs d" amour, which were a badge of her house and still appear in the collar of the ORDER OF THE ANNUNCIADA. On the seal of Amadeus V., Count of Savoy, in 1309, the shield has on either side a lion's head; and on the counter-seal the spaces above and around the shield are each charged with the same. The
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seals of Edward, Count of Savoy, in 131 1, 1322, etc.,
are similarly arranged. {See also Vr£e, Gen, Com.
FL, plate Ixxviii.) On the counter-seal of Magnus
(Ladislas) of Sweden, in 1275, the shield (which is
sem^ of small hearts and bears three bends-sinister,
over all a lion rampant, crowned for the first time),
is surmounted by one open crown and placed between
two others in flanks. (.SV^ HiLDEBRAND, Det Svenska
RikS' Vapnet, fig. 14, p. 23, and SCHEFP ER, tab. F, fig.
24.) This arrangement by which the arms of GOTHLAND
appear on an escucheon which is placed between the
three open crowns of the Swedish arms, is visible also
on the tomb of King MAGNUS before the high altar of
the Riddarholms-Kyrka at Stockholm. The seal of
John Segrave has a garb on either side of the shield.
To come back to animals, we find on the counter-seal
of Charles of Anjou, in 1308, the shield of Coucv
placed between four lions rampant, within a quatrefoij.
The seal of John, Duke of NORMANDY, eldest son of
the King of FRANCE, before 13 16 bears his arms
(France-ancient, a bordure gules) between two lions
rampant away from the shield, and an eagle with
expanded wings standing above it. The secretum of
ISABELLE de Flandre {c. 1308) has her shield placed
between three lions, each charged with a bend (Vr£e,
Gen. Com, Flandr,^ plates xliii., xHv., xcii.). In 1332
Aymon of Savoy places his arms (Savoy, with a label)
between a winged lion in chief, and a lion without wings
at either side. Later, on the seal of Amadeus VI., a
lion's head between wings became the crest of Savoy.
In 1332 Amadeus bears Savoy on a lozenge {v. Vol. I.,
p. 64) between in chief two eagles, in base two lions.
(ClBRARlO, Nos. 61, 64 ; and GuiCHENON, tome i.. No.
130.) In Scotland the shield of REGINALD CRAWFORD
in 1292 is placed between two dogs, and surmounted by
a fox ; in the same year the paly shield of Reginald,
VOL. II. T
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Earl of Athole, appears between two lions in chief and as many griffins in flanks (Laing, Scottish Seals, i., 2IO, 761).
The seal of Humbert II., Dauphin de Viennois, in 1 349, is an excellent example of the fashion. The shield of Dauphiny is in the centre of a quatrefoil. Two savages mounted on griffins support its flanks ; on the upper edge an armed knight sits on a couchant lion, and the space in base is filled by a human face between two wingless dragons. The spaces are sometimes filled with the Evangelistic symbols, as on a seal of YOLANTE de Flandres, Countess of Bar (c 1340). (For another seal of YoLANTE see p. 281, infra.) The seal of Jeanne, Dame de Plasnes in 1376 bears her arms en banniere in a quatrefoil supported by two kneeling angels, a demi- angel in chief, and a lion couchant-gardant in base.
But though in this abhorrence of a vacuum originated the use of animals, etc., as quasi supporters, other causes certainly co-operated. Allusion has been made in the chapter on MARSHALLING to the usage by which on vesica-shaped seals ladies of high rank are represented
as supporting with either hand shields of arms. From
I
this probably arose the use of a single supporter.
Marguerite de Courcelles in 1284, and Alix de Verdun in 131 1, bear in one hand a shield of the husband's arms, in the other one of their own. The curious seal of MURIEL, Countess of Stratherne, in 1284, may be considered akin to these. In it the shield is supported partly by a falcon, and partly by a human arm issuing from the sinister side of the vesica, and holding the falcon by the jesses (Laing, Scottish Seals, i., 764). The early seal of BOLESLAS III., King of Poland, in 1255, bears a knight holding a shield charged with the Polish eagle {see VOSSBERG, Die Siegel des Mittelalters), In 1283 the seal of Florent of Hainault bears a warrior in chain mail supporting a
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shield charged with a lion impaling an eagle dimidiated. Probably that which contributed most to the general adoption of a single supporter was the use by the German Emperor of the eagle displayed, bearing on its breast his personal arms, a fashion early adopted by his kinsmen and feudatories. Thus, the seal of Henry de Seveld in 1254, bears his shield, charged with two bars, on the breast of an eagle displayed {Austria Illustrata^ plate iv.). Florent, Count of Holland, brother of the Emperor WiLHELM, bore {c, 1260) the shield of Holland on the breast of an eagle displayed, a usage maintained by later Counts, ^^., by WILLIAM HI. and his sister MARGARET, wife of the Emperor LOUIS, as well as by their sons, WILLIAM, Count of OSTREVANT, Duke of Bavaria (d. 1377), and Albert, Count Palatine of the Rhine ; these two used the eagle double-headed. We have seen already the use of the eagle in this way by Richard of Cornwall, elected King of the Romans in 1256, and by his son Edmund, Duke of Cornwall. In 1305 the seal of William de Ferrers, Lord of Groby, bears his arms {Gules), seven mascles conjoined, 3, 3, i {or\ supported on the breast of a double eagle displayed {Cat, of Seals in Brit. Mus., No. 9684). But John de Ferrers, of Stapleford (temp. Edward I.) has his shield ( Vair^ . . . ) on the breast of a single eagle displayed {Ibid., No. 9675). The seal of Joan, Lady Cobham (42, Edward IIL) has on the breast of an eagle displayed, her ancestral coat of Berkeley; on the wings are two escucheons, one of Cobham {Gules, on a chevron or, three mullets sable; the other is charged with a lion rampant) {Archceologia Cantiana, iii., 143.) An eagle displayed occurs also as single supporter on the seals of JOHANNA DE LA Hay, about the year 13 10; of JOHN Frelond, in 1330; of Sir Gilbert de Ellersfield in 1335; of Margaret Dounderdale, temp. Edward III.; and
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Nicholas Fitz-Simond, in 1378. In Scotland, Alexander, Earl of Ross, in 1338 placed his shield on the breast of an eagle. In 1345 the shield of Sir David Lindsay is thus supported ; and on the seal of EUPHEMIA, Countess of Ross, in 1394, the shield of Ross is borne on the breast of an eagle, while the arms of Leslie and Comyn appear on its displayed wings. \Cf. the imperfect seal of MARGARET Stewart, Countess of Angus, in 1366 ; the shields remaining on the wings are Angus {a lion rampant), and Stewart {a fess cluquy, and a labef),'] In 1370 the seal of LouiS, Due d*ANjOU, bears his shield on the breast of a crowned eagle displayed, whose feet rest on couchant lions {see our Plate XXII., fig. 5, from Demav, fig. 260).
On the seal of Humphrey de Bohun in 1322 the guige is held by a swan, the badge of the Earls of Hereford ; and in 1356 the shield of the first Earl of Douglas is supported by a lion whose head is covered by the crested helm, a fashion of which there are many examples. {See the arms of Reckheim, Plate XX., and the woodcut of the arms of Prince PuTBUS, fig. 23, p. 271, at the head of this chapter. The arms are : Cluquy or and sable^ on a chief of the first an eagle displayed sable, naissant from the chequy, and crowned of the first,) A helmed lion holds the shield of Magnus I., Duke of Brunswick, in 1326. That of a successor, Duke Henry, in 1373 is supported by a single angel. (Grote, Geschichte der Welfischen Stamm-Wappen, p. 85.) On the seal of Jean, Due de Berri, in 1393 the supporter is a helmed swan {cf the armorial slab of Henry of Lancaster, in Boutell, Heraldr)\ Historiccd and Popular, ^\dXe \^^\x.). Jean IV., Comte d'ALEN(^'ON (1408) has a helmed lion sejant as supporter. In 1359 a signet of Louis van Male, Count of Flanders, bears a lion sejant, helmed and crested, and mantled with the arms of Flanders, between two small
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escucheons of Nevers, or the county of BURGUNDY (Azure, billetty a lion rampant or\ and Rethel {Gules , two heads of rakes fessways in pale or). His seal in 1382 has a similar lion between four escucheons of Artois, Nevers, Brabant, and Rethel. I have engraved this seal on p. 298 from Vr£e, de Segfielen der Graven van Vlaendren, plate xxvi. A single lion sejant, helmed and crested, bearing on its breast the quartered arms of BURGUNDY, between two or three other escucheons, was used by the Dukes up to the death of Charles the Bold in 1475. In Litta's splendid work, Famiglie celebri Italiane^ the BUONAROTTI arms are sup- ported by a brown dog sejant, helmed, and crested with a pair of dragon's wings issuing from a crest-coronet
On the seal of Thomas Holland, Earl of Kent, in 1380, the shield is buckled round the neck of the white hind lodged, the badge of his half-brother Richard II. Single supporters were very much in favour in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries. In 1294 the seal of the Dauphin Jean, son of Humbert I., bears the arms of Dauphin^ pendent from the neck of a griffon. Charles, Dauphin de Viennols (r. 1355), has his shield held by a single dolphin. The shields of arms of Bertrand de Bricquebec, in 1325; Pierre de Tournebu, in 1339; of Charles, Comte d'ALEN(,'ON, in 1356; and of Olivier de Clisson, in 1397, are all supported by a warrior who stands behind the shield. In England the seal of HENRY Percy, first Earl of Northumberland in 1346, has a similar repre- sentation.
The earliest appearance of the unicorn as a supporter of the Royal Arms of Scotland is on a gold coin of James III. The unicorn is single. Other Scottish examples of single supporters are found on the seals
of Alexander Roxburgh, 1367; Nicolas Douglas, 1392; Adam Forrester, 1400; Archibald, Earl
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of Douglas, in 1418, as Duke of Touraine in 1421 (his wife, MARGARET, in 1425 has an angel as the supporter of her shield) ; and of WiLLlAM, Earl of Douglas, in 1446. The arms of the city of Perth : Gules^ a Paschal-Lamb argent^ tlie banner azure^ a saltire and royal tressure of the second^ are borne on the breast of a double-headed eagle displayed. (^See Laing, Scottish Seals ; and Seton, Scottish Heraldry^ pp. 269, 270.)
The seals of Mary, Duchess of Burgundy, show her use of an angel, or of a lion, as a single supporter ; her husband, the Archduke MAXIMILIAN, similarly used a single lion sejant, crested and helmed. On the secretum of Charles V., as of later Kings of France, a single angel appears behind the shield as a single supporter. It bears the sceptre, and the main de justice.
Ferdinand and ISABELLA,out of devotion to St. John, placed the shield of the Royal Arms {Quarterly, i and 4. Castile quartering Leon ; 2 and 3. Arragon), on the breast of the single-headed Apostolic eagle displayed. Of this use there are many examples on the reja, and on walls of the Capilla de los Reyes at Granada ; and, if I remember aright, at Seville also.
In England there are a few examples of the use of a single supporter in later times. Charles I. is said to have granted to the lord of the Manor of Stoke Lyne the right to bear his arms on the breast of a displayed hawk.
The use of DOUBLE SUPPORTERS, as at present, arose contemporaneously with that of the single one. In the majority of cases both supporters were alike, but even at an early date this was by no means invariably the case. In Brittany the supporters were usually different, and there was a frequent combination of the lion and the griffon, as on the seals of ALAIN DE BEAUMONT, 1298 ; Gui DE Blois, 1367 ; Bertrand du Guesclin, 1373 ; Clement, Vicomte de Thouars, 1378 ; Robin de Guit£, 1379; and Charles, Comte de Dammartin,
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in 1394. Even after the use of double supporters had become general a third figure is often placed behind the shield, and this custom forms a connecting link with the old practice of filling the void spaces on seals to which we have already referred. On the seal of William Sterling in 1292, two lions rampant support the shield in front of a tree. The shield on the seal of OLIVIER ROUILLON in 1376, is supported by an angel, behind the shield.and by two demi-lions couchant-gardant at its base. That of Pierre Avoir, in 1378, is held by a demi-eagle above the shield, and supported by two mermaids. On many ancient seals the supporters hold the crested helm above a couc/i/ shield. (See Plate XXII., fig. 10.)
Instances have been given in which a single supporter has a mantling annoyh. Double supporters are found similarly treated, as are the eagles of Jean D*Harcourt in 1410 ; and the lions of HUGH de Grammont in 1341. On the seal of Peronelle, Vicomtesse de Thouars, in 1378, the mantling is of Dreux {Chequy or and azure^ a bordure gules ; see Demay, Le Costume d'Aprh les Seeaux fig- 259). On that of Alain du Perrier in 1387 the lions sejant hold banners, and have volets apparently of vair (MORICE, Bretagne^ tome ii.).
The counter-seals of Rudolf IV., Archduke of Austria, in 1359 and 1362, afford instances in which a second set of supporters is used to hold up the crested helm. The shield of AUSTRIA is supported by two lions on whose volets are the arms of Hapsburg and Pfirt ; the crested helm (coroneted, and having a panache of ostrich feathers) is also held by two lions whose volets are charged with the arms of Stiria, and of Carinthia. (HUEBER, Austria Illustrata, tab. xviii.)
In 1372 the seal of Edmund Mortimer represents his shield hanging from a rose-tree, and supported by the four parts of two lions couchant (of March), whose heads are covered by coroneted helms with panaclus
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{azure) as crests. {See Plate II., fig. 2.) BOUTELL directs attention to the fact that the shield of EDMUND DE Arundel (1301-1326) is placed between similar helms and panaclus without the supporting beasts {Heraldry^ Historical and Popular^ pp. 271-418).
Supporters wearing crested helms have sometimes been misunderstood, and quoted as instances of double sup- porters— for instance, by LOWER, Curiosities of Heraldry^ whogives(p. 144) a cut from the achievementof the French d'Albrets as "the most singular supporters, perhaps, in the whole circle of Heraldry." These supporters are two lions couchant {pr\ each having the head covered with a helm crested with an eagle au vol levi. These eagles certainly appear to assist in holding the shield, but the lions are its true supporters ; nor is the arrange- ment by any means unique, The swans which were used as supporters by Jean, Due de Berri, in 1386, are each mounted upon a bear. Two wild men, each a cheval on a lion, support the escucheons of Gerard d'H archies (1476), and of Nicole de Giresme in
1464 Two lions sejant, helmed and crested (the crest is the head of MiDAS), were the supporters of Arnaud d'Albret in 1368 (Demay, Le Costume d'Aprh les Sceaux p. 214).
Really curious supporters are those of the Roman Cesarini, Dukes de Cittanova. They are two eagles ; the head of the dexter bears the hind-quarters of a bear passant (away from the shield !), the sinister the fore-quarters of the same animal.
On the secretum of jAMES I. the Royal Arms of Scot- land are supported by two lions rampant-gardant ; but James V. changed them to two unicorns royally gorged and chained. An earlier use of the unicorns as sup- porters has been already noticed from the seals of James Stuart, Duke of Ross; and his brother Archbishop ALEXANDER Stuart of St. Andrews.
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Queen Mary used the unicorns, but her privy seal has the lions.
Several instances of TRIPLE SUPPORTERS have been already given. The grand seel aux causes of the Bailliage DE Tancarville in Normandy bears a shield Quarterly^ i and 4. Giiles^ an escucluon argent within an orle of eight mullets or ; TANCARVILLE. 2 and 3. Azure^ seven besants^ three^ three, one, and a chief or^ Melun. The shield is supported by three demi-angels whose expanded wings enclose it The shield of JACQUELINE DE BfiTHUNE, in 1422, is supported by four angels ; that of YOLANTE DE Flandre, Countess of Bar, etc. (bearing en banniere NAVARRE quartering EVREUX, dimidiated, and impaled with FLANDERS differenced by a bordure engrailed) is supported by no less than eight demi-angels.
The escucheon of jEAN, Due de Berri, circa 1408, has six bears as its supporters. (I have engraved this pretty and spirited design on Plate I., fig. 2, from Demay.) With it we may compare an early example which I noted in the cloisters of the Church of San Spirit© at Florence. There the escucheon of the PORCCI (....« griffon segreant . . . . ) is surrounded by six black pigs, each with a white band round its body. The pigs are represented running round the shield with their backs turned towards it, except the one above the escucheon which has its feet turned towards the chief.
The supporters of the Royal Arms in France in modern times were two angels habited in albs, over which were dalmatics charged with the Royal Arms, and holding banners of the same. When the shields of France and Navarre were borne accol^es, as by LouiS XIV., the dexter supporter was habited of France; the sinister of Navarre.
The French Royal Supporters were the follow- ing: — Philip Augustus used two lions; Louis VIII.,
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two wild boars (the supporters of the Dukes of Brit- tany) ; St. Louis (IX.), two dragons ; Philip III., two eagles ; Philip V., and Charles IV., two lions ; Philip VI., two greyhounds ; JOHN, two swans (chained to the shield) ; CHARLES V., two greyhounds {azure, blessis de gueules), or two dolphins ; CHARLES VI., Charles VII., and Louis XL, two winged stags ; Charles VIII., two unicorns ; LOUIS XII., two porcupines ; FRANCIS I., two salamanders; Henry II., two greyhounds ; Francis II., two lions of Scotland ; Henry III., two white eagles (of Poland); Henri IV., two ''vac/us de B^arti de gueules r Louis XI 1 1., two figures of Hercules. These supporters were not borne to the exclusion of the angels, which were common to all the Kings after Charles VII. Louis XIV. and his successors used no others.
The arms of the DAUPHIN were supported by angels in dalmatics, that of the dexter is charged with the arms of France, that of the sinister with the arms of Dauphin Y. The other princes of the blood used angels in albs without dalmatics. The use of angel supporters was noty as is sometimes asserted, a prerogative of the Royal House in France ; a good many great houses
used them, ^.^., Montmorency, Tr£moille, Damas,
DURFORT, BETHUNE, GaMACHES, SIMIANE, HaUTE- FORT, etc.
In France, and indeed on the Continent generally, the use of supporters is not nearly so restricted as with us at present. A noble has the right to all the insignia of nobility, even though he be an untitled gentleman. If, as in Italy and Spain, he does not generally use sup- porters, it is only because fashion has made their use infrequent, not because they are considered the peculiar property of great nobles — they, in fact, use them as little as he does. Nor would it be thought that he needed the Royal, or any other, licence to assume or to change
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them, any more than to' leave off their use. No doubt, in some great families the supporters have T)ecome practically hereditary. Where, as is often the case in Germany, an armorial augmentation has taken the form of a special grant of supporters (v, pp. 165, 166), no doubt these will continue to be used without change. But what is meant is simply that there is and has been practical liberty with regard to these matters ; not only where (as in France) there is no longer a College of Arms, but in other countries where the use of armorial insignia was under regular supervision.
An attempt was indeed made by the Archduke Albert to restrict the too general use of supporters, as of coronets and titles, in the Low Countries, by the Ordonnances to which reference has already been made in these pages (p. 173 supra). One of these prescribed : — **Vt nemo sibi aut alteri tribuat titulum Baronis aut majorem, aut secus insignia sua delatores, aut susten- tatores, ponat, coronasve indebite assumptas, nisi haec sibi per litteras Principum nostrorum probet attributa, seu perditis per bella litteris notori^ possessa, quo casu aliae dabuntur litterae actis Heraldorum inscribendae. (ZypceUS, Notitia luris Belgici, i., xii. ; and MenS- TRIER, Usage des ArmoirieSy p. 215.) These Ordon- nances had little practical result ; and I only quote them here lest it should be supposed that what I have said above was written in ignorance of their existence. In early times there is no doubt whatever that supporters, like crests, had not a hereditary character {see Sir George Mackenzie, T/ie Science of Heraldry, p. 94), nor was their use in England confined to peers, or other great nobles. The Catalogue of Seals in the British Museum shows that in the fourteenth century a consider- able number of persons used supporters, whose rank would not now be thought sufficient to entitle them to do so. As examples see the seals of Sir Geoffrey
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Gate ; Sir John Hawkesvvorth ; Robert de
Ingleby; and WiLLlAM DE M ARN Y (i?r?V. Mus. Cat., vol. iii., Nos. 10,029, 10,566, 10,964, 11,631). See also p. 295 infra. Besides these even now a good many untitled families bear them by prescription ; such are the HiLTONS of Hilton, Trevanions of Cornwall, the FUL- FORDS, LUTTRELS, etc. An imperfect list is printed in the appendix to MONTAGU'S Guide to the Study of Heraldry ^ pp. 72, 73. As their assumption was unrestricted, so was their use. A noble family, for instance, which had become accustomed to use golden lions as supporters would have them depicted with a variety of attitude which would shock the pedantic notions of many people now- a-days who think they know all about Heraldry. At one time the lions would look towards the shield ; at another they would be affrontcs ; at another regardant ; at another they might even be en barroque ; so that the supporters were two golden lions, that was enough. Nor was it required that they should be absolutely unlike those borne by any other family, or overladen with charges in order to distinguish them from those so borne. It is only in modern times that the over-regulation of what really did not need restriction has checked artistic fancy, and under the pretence of forbidding licence has limited lawful liberty.
Now-a-days, it would appear that every minute detail must be specified in the blazon, down to the colour of a sailor's neck-tie, the number of buttons on his jacket, or the fact of his shoes being either buckled or tied. Learned gentlemen (with and without tabards) warmly debate such highly important matters as whether a leopard supporter must show one ear or two ! It may somewhat appease any who, after having read this, are inclined to denounce me either as an ignoramus or as a radical innovator, if I remind them that I only express the views of one who certainly was neither the
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one nor the other — my late learned friend, JOHN GOUGH Nichols. He quotes with approval, from so old and usually pedantic an authority as BOSSEWELL, a passage declaring the needlessness of specifying such minuticB^ and says, " It is agreeable .... to come across instructions so rational as these, which we venture to regard as more in correspondence with the simple and homogeneous blazon of still earlier days than with the minute technicalities of our own, which the irreverent are .sometimes bold enough to stigmatise as the 'jargon of Heraldry.'" {Herald and Genealogist^ ii., 109.)
The lion supporters of the Counts de Clermont TONNERRE (who bore : Gules ^ two keys in saltire argent), carry banners, one of France-Ancient, the other Or, semi of dolphins azure, as hereditary constables of Dauphiny. In the Netherlands, and especially in Belgium, the use of supporters which also hold erect armorial banners is not infrequent. The possession of lands which were ov\ce fiefs en banniere may sometimes be thus denoted ; but where, as is often the case, the arms on the banners do not coincide with those on the shield, their use may be a kind of Marshalling, and the banners may commemorate an important line of descent.
In Spain the infrequency of the use of supporters by the high nobility is probably due to the fact that the Regulations of the Order of the Golden Fleece permitted no supporters, and only one crested helm, to a shield surrounded by the collar of the Order. The finely carved achievements of the Velas- COS, which are supported by savages, in the glorious Capilla del Condestable in the Cathedral at Burgos, are exceptional.
In Italy the use of supporters was very infrequent in late mediaeval times, and is still very far from general.
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In Germany their use is somewhat more in accordance with our own, but the fashion of placing the arms of princes, and counts of the Empire, on the breast of an eagle-displayed is still not unfrequently seen. Instances are met with, chiefly in German and Slavonic Heraldry, in which the shield is encircled by a serpent, or dragon. Of this fashion I have a dozen or more instances, but one will suffice. The Barons von Warten BERG, who bear Per pale or and sable, have the shield encircled by a dragon which holds its tail in its teeth. In the Griinenberg Annortal the shield of the Count of COSSENTANIA has around it a serpent with a female head. Single sup- porters are occasionally met with in modern Continental use, but, like the preceding examples, belong rather to the curiosities of Heraldry. (See Plate XXII., figs. 5 and 10.) The Counts voN HOCHENEGG in Austria (who bore Chequy argent and sable, a quarter gules) have the shield supported by a man-at-arms in profile, turned to the dexter, holding in his right hand a halberd, and having on his head a helm bearing the crest, out of a coronet two wings as the arms. The arms and crest borne by the modern Counts are entirely different, but a man-at-arms is still used as the single supporter. The Barons Neu use a single knight; the Barons VAN DE MOER, in Holland, a single bear ; the Prussian Sterne- MANNS, a Roman warrior. The Counts VON BoiNEBURG, whose arms are Quarterly sable and argent, bear them on the breast of a double-headed eagle displayed Quarterly argent and sable, the heads crowned proper. The single supporter of the GlUSTI arms is on the sinister side a panther sejant proper its head helmed, the crest thereon (issuing either from a crest-coronet or, or from a wreath azure and argent), a demi -dragon vert. The arms of the Swiss CANTONS are frequently repre- sented with a single supporter ; thus the arms of the Canton of Berne (Gules, on a bend or, a bear passant
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sable), are as often supported by one bear as by two; and similarly those of ZURICH {Per bend-sinister argent and azure), by a single Hon rampant, brandishing a sword.
A still better known example is afforded by the arms of the United States of America: Paly of thirteen gules and argent, on a chief azure as many stars (of five points) argent as there are States in the Union. These are supported by an eagle-displayed, holding in the dexter claw a laurel wreath proper, and in the other three silver arrows. This is the ordinary manner in which the arms are now depicted, but in the Act of Congress authorising the arms to be borne on the Great Seal of the United States they are thus described : — Paleways of thirteen pieces argent and gules, a chief azure, t/ie escucJuon on t/ie breast of the American eagle displayed proper, holding in his dexter talon an olive branch, and in his sinister a bundle of thirteen arrows, all proper, and in his beak a scroll inscribed with the motto " E PluribUS Unum." For the crest (!) Over the head of the eagle a glory bursting through a cloud proper, and surrounding thirteen stars, forming a constellation argent, on an azure field. {Cf Plate XXVIII., fig. 2.) The stars, like the bundle of arrows, were then equal in number to that of the States forming the Union. The stars are now made equal to the number of States presently included, and are usually arranged on the chief This is, apparently, without the authority of Congress. On the coinage the chief is uncharged, but the paly field now commences with a stripe oi gules.
The Lombard Counts da Mula use two supporters, but place them both on the sinister side of the shield. They are ; a sea-griffin per fess or and vert, supporting on its head a naked woman with extended arms, her sinister hand holds the shield ; the dexter, a laurel wreath all proper.
On some early seals and monuments the arms are
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represented not on a shield but on a banner, usually held by a " beast," or single supporter. Thus on the seal of Henry Percy, eldest son of the Earl of Northumber- land in 1445, the arms (of PERCY quartering LuCY) differenced by a label, are displayed on a banner supported by a lion sejant-gardant. {Archceologia jEliana, vol. iv., p. 185.) In the hall of Naworth Castle the arms of Dacre, Multon, Grimthorp, and Greystock are thus depicted on banners held by "beasts." {^See also the BOURCHIER monument in Westminster Abbey.) The seal of Walter, Lord HUNGERFORD, K.G., has in 1432 the arms {Sable, two bars argent, in chief three plates, differenced by a label) placed between the Heytesbury sickles, while on either side of the crested helm rises a banner : the dexter of HEYTESBURY {Per pale indented gules and vert, a chevron or) ; the sinister of HUSSEY {Barry of six ennine and gules), each is differenced by a label.
The Lombard family of MILLESIMO, Marquises de Savon A, who bear Bendy or and gules, place the escucheon on the breast of the Imperial Eagle, which rests its claws on a triumphal car drawn by two lions passant argent crowned or. This very curious arrangement brings us naturally to the consideration of what are known as Compartments. This term is one peculiar to Scottish heraldry and denotes the architectural panel, a figure of no definite form, on which the shield and supporters are often made to rest. It is also applied to the ground or terrace, upon which these supporters stand in ancient seals, and in modern continental practice. {See Plate XXIX.) Our own custom by which supporters are represented balancing themselves with unstable footing upon a thing resembling the scroll of a gas burner ; or with even less comfort upon the edge of the motto ribbon, is one which is almost peculiar to ourselves, and is ludicrous in the highest degree.
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Abroad, the supporters are much more reasonably represented as standing usually on a piece of solid ground as on p. 271, fig. 23, though in the case of angels, clouds, and when the supporters are mermaids or fish, waves of the sea are occasionally employed. Many of the escucheons in Foster's Peerage have the supporters thus sensibly supported ; but those in which, in defiance of all precedent and of common sense, the supporters are perched, in various constrained attitudes, upon the coronets which indicate the rank of the bearer, are absurdly ludicrous.
Our own departure from the common sense practice of ancient times has led to the compartment, when retained in use, being supposed to be a peculiar mark of high dignity or royal favour. I have never been so fortunate as to see any authoritative grant which, according to modern ideas, would be absolutely necessary to justify its use. The seals of the Earls of DOUGLAS from 1434, have in the base a "pale of wood wreathed," supposed to represent the forest of Jedburgh. The same device appears on the seal of GuiLLAUME DE BAVlfeRE, Comte d'Ostrevant in 1412, on which the shield of arms (2'. p. ^y^ is held by a single lion sejant on a mound enclosed by wattled pales with a gate, said to represent the palisade with which he blockaded the citadel of Hagenstein and the chateau of Everstein (VRfiE, Gen, Coin, FL, i., 368). His daughter JACQUELINE DE BAVifeRE (wife successively of the Dauphin, the Dukes of Brabant, and Gloucester, and of Francis DE Borsele) used this same device of the hedge. The compartment used by the Drummonds, Earls of Perth, is a green mount, seme of caltraps. The appropriate motto is Gang- Warily, The Macfarlanes have a wavy com- partment with the words. Loch Sloy,
The arms of Ogilvy, baronets of Inverquharity, are supported by two savages who stand on as many
VOL. II. u
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serpents nowed and spouting fire, the whole being arranged upon a mount, or compartment. With these we may compare the curious supporters of the Lords Livingston, given in Workman's MS. ; two savages with clubs, and on each side of the shield as many serpents entwined and erect. (Stodart, Scottish Arms, ii., 99.) The arms of the Barons von LOBENSTEIN (Or, three bars guies) are supported by two golden lions regardant, who tread under foot a serpent bent into an oval, proper. The Mendozas, Marquises of Canete, had for supporters, two angels, holding palm-branches, and standing on the heads of couchant lions. (Spener, Op, Her., p. gen., p. 332.) (A curious example of the supporters of Anjou is on our Plate XXII., fig. 5 ; ante, p. 276).
The term "compartment" is often improperly applied to other bearings which would be more fitly described either as devices, or supporters. Such are the salamander of Douglas, and the chained savage of ROBERTSON of Struan, placed beneath the respective shields of arms. On the seals of John Landel {c, 1224), and the counter-seal of MALCOLM, Earl of Lennox in 1292, the shield is placed between the attires of a stag's head caboshed ; as it was also by the Denhams.
Inanimate Objects are sometimes used to fill the office of supporters. Of these the best known example is afforded by tlie " Pillars of Hercules," assumed as supporters with the motto, Ne plus ultra, by CHARLES V. After the discovery of America the ne was omitted. The Kings of Portugal placed their shield on an armillary sphere. Tne PlOSASCO family of Savoy, who bear : Argent, nine martlets sable, use as supporters "due torni o cilindri, col motto. Qui, Qui',' {See the Teatro Araldico of Tettoni e Saladini ; 8 vols. 4to, Milan, 1841. Riets- TAP oddly misreads the blazon, and gives the supporters as bulls !) Akin to these m^e the military trophies, the
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banners, weapons, etc., which are still not unfrequently found in use in Continental armory as adjuncts to the shield. The ACHARDS of Poitou have the shield thus accosted by four halberts. The shield of the family of DE Merle de la Gorge: (Per fess (a) Gules^ a sword in pale argent tilted or; (b) Chequy argent andsable\\s placed upon four swords in saltire, hilts downwards. The Dalzells of Bins had in 1685 the grant of a pair of tent-poles to be placed one on either side of the shield. On the seal of Sir Thomas Keryell, Lieutenant of Calais, 1441, the shield is placed between two distaffs. {Cat. of Seals in Brit. Mus.y vol. iii.. No. 11,064.) In several German examples the great shield of quarterings is accosted at the base on either side by a small shield charged with bearings not included in the main escucheon. In the case of the great family of DE Merode {Or, four pallets gules, a bordure engrailed azure^ escucheons of RuBEMPRfi {Argent, three jumelles gules) are placed on the curtains of the purple mantlings. The shield of the Marquises Alberti is accosted, or rather embraced, by two lighted flambeaux. The Breton family of Bastard have the shield accosted by two swords, points in base. The SCHEPERS of Holland, and the BiLLES of Denmark, place two anchors in saltire behind the shield. I have collected a considerable number of examples of the use of banners in this way : e.g. the TOLEDOS, Dukes of Alva, surround the shield with twelve Moorish Standards ; the Bazans have twenty-eight ; the Cordovas sixty-four. Several German families have a trophy of arms, similar to that used as a background for his achievement by the Earl of Bantry. The Brandolini of Italy had the right to crown their arms, and to place on either side of them a naked sword. The motto was Pour loyaut^ viaintenir, and the whole was a concession of a King of Cyprus.
With this class of External Ornaments we may group
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the collars, crosses, ribbons, and badges of Orders of Knighthood, the latter of which are suspended beneath the shield ; but in many cases the shield is also placed upon the cross or star, as by the Members of the Orders
OF S. John, Aviz, St. Louis, the Teutonic Order,
etc. In some orders this latter use is a privilege reserved for the superior ranks of their members. We may also refer, though we can do so but briefly, to some of the marks of office which accompany the shields of great Officers of State. The Lord Chancellor of England places two maces in saltire (or one in pale) behind the shield, and the purse which contains the Great Seal beneath. The Earl Marshal uses in like manner two golden rods tipped with black enamel. The Lord High Chamberlain might use two golden keys in saltire (Morgan, Sphere of Gentry^ iv., p. 82) ; and the Lord Chamberlain of the Household a golden key in pale, etc. Iti Scotland the Lord High Chamberlain used the two golden keys ; the Great Master of the Household, two hdXon^ gules y .y^;;// of thistles and surmounted by the Crest of Scotland; the Justice General, two naked swords ; the Earl Marshal, two \>dXon% gules, semt^ of thistles or. The Kings of Arms also now use their sceptres, or batons.
As early as 1292 the seal of Philip Marmyon of Scrivelsby bears his shield of arms ( Vair, afess gules diapered) between three swords, in reference to the office of Champion of England attached in grand Serjeantry to the Manor of Scrivelsby. On the seal of William Marshal of Hengham, in 1301, the shield is placed between two batons, denoting the hereditary office of Marshal of Ireland, granted in 1207.
In the Museum at Brussels is the portrait of Ferdi- nand DE BOISSCHOT, Comte d'Erps, Chancellor of Brabant (d. 1649). His arms {Or, three fers-de- vioulin azure) are placed upon the cross of the Order of Santiago; two golden maces are in saltire
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behind the shield, and the whole is surmounted by his coronet.
In France, the Admiral placed two anchors in saltire (and the Vice-Admiral one in pale) behind the shield ; their beams are Azure^fleury or. The Marshals used two similar batons ; the C/iancellor as many maces ; the Grand Esquire, two swords sheathed and belted {azure fleury or) in pale ; the Grand Master of Artillery, two mounted cannon ; the Grand Constable (like the Grand Master of the ORDER OF S. JOHN), two arms in armour, issuing from clouds at the base of the shield and holding a naked sword paleways on either side. Under Louis XIV., the number of officers who assumed the right to denote their office at Court by the addition of certain external ornaments to their escucheon was largely increased. Le Grand Panetier, Le Grand Echanson, Le Grand Aumonier, Le Grand Louvetier, Le Grand PrevSt, Le Grand Ecuyer Tranchant, all assumed external ornaments indicative of their offices ; so also did Lieut- Generals, Chefs d'Escadron, Admirals, Chamberlains, etc., etc. Under the Empire, as under the Monarchy, the Vice Conn^table used the swords, but sheathed, and sem^s of golden bees. The Grand Chamberlain had two golden keys in saltire (with the imperial eagle in the bows) ; and the batons of the MarMiaux de France were sem/s of bees instead oi fleurs-de-lis.
In Ital}' the Duca de Savelli, as Marshal of tlie Conclave, hangs on either side of his shield a key, the cords of which are knotted beneath his coronet.
In Holland Admirals used the naval crown {ante, fig. 1 8, p. 250), and added two anchors in saltire behind the shield, as appears on the monument of Van Tromp in the Oude Kerk at Delft.
In Spain the Admirals of Castile, and of the Indies, placed an anchor bendways behind the shield.
The CordelierCy or Lacs d* Amour, a knotted cord of
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twisted white and black silk, or of black silk alone, with tassels, was often placed around the lozenge, or shield of arms, by widows and abbesses in France ; while the use of garlands, or palm branches, about the escucheon was never thought to need the intervention of any heraldic authorities.
Occasionally arms are found improperly surrounded by a buckled motto band after the fashion of the ORDER OF THE Garter ; more usually the motto is placed in a riband below the shield, or in a listel above the crest. In Scottish grants the position of the motto-band is usually specified. In other countries it is left to the taste of the owner.
By the understood English use supporters are, or may be, borne by all temporal peers, including those who have life peerages, but not by bishops as such. (This is a modern restriction without ancient precedent or authority, or rather in defiance of it, but as to this I refer the reader to my recent work on Ecclesiastical Heraldry^ Supporters are also borne as personal distinctions by Knights Grand-Crosses of the several Orders, and it is considered that there is precedent for their use by certain great officers of the Royal Household. (As a matter of fact the precedents have to be sought in times when the use of supporters was not so strictly limited by custom as it is now.) The right to use sup- porters has been occasionally conceded by Royal Warrant, and a modern example is recorded in the Appendix. A few of the persons to whom these warrants have been granted are baronets, but baronets as such have no right to use them. The eldest sons of peers above the rank of viscount, and the younger sons of dukes and marquesses, generally use the supporters of the family, but this reasonable return to a less restricted use of them has not of course the approval of the English College of Arms. A peeress (unless she be a peeress in
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her own right) has no claim to continue the use of sup- porters if she re-marries with a commoner not entitled to use them. By some French armorists the use of supports and tenans is altogether denied to ladies of any rank, in order to prop up the theory that supporters originated in the old tournaments.
In Scotland the use of supporters is less restricted. By custom they are employed by the chiefs of the more im- portant clans, and the representatives of all minor barons who had full baronial rights prior to 1507. The baronial status implied, in theory at least, the right to sit in Parlia- ment until that year when parliamentary representation was finally established. Thus in WORKMAN'S MS., circa 1565, the arms of a considerable number of persons who are only designated knights have supporters to their arms. There is no foundation for the oft-repeated assertion that Scottish baronets are, as such, entitled to supporters. In some cases they bear them by virtue of the baronial quali- fication ; or as being chiefs of important families ; but in various cases when application has been made for them they have been refused. It has often been laid down that Lyon has the power of conferring supporters ex gratid on persons who, according to modern notions, would not be considered as having the right to claim them. Mr Seton expresses considerable doubt as to the existence of any such power ; and though I do not take quite the same strong view which is held by him upon the subject, I must admit that, except at one not very glorious period in the history of the Lyon office (1763- 1820), the power has been sparingly used. In Ireland, according to Sir BERNARD BuRKE, the heads of the different septs assert their right to use supporters ; but he informed me that there is no instance of their registra- tion in Ulster's office by an Irish chieftain in right of his chieftaincy alone, and without the possession of a peer- age dignity. In Wales, the Barons of Edeirnion in
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Merioneth, who enjoyed baronial rights in their domains, and who had these rights specially confirmed after the subjugation of the country, have always used them with- out question.
In the selection of the supporters for new peers a little better taste might well be exercised. Where the new peer is a descendant from a^ family which bore sup- porters, one or both of these may fairly be assumed, with or without difference as may appear desirable. Thus the supporters granted in 1680 to Robert Dundas, of Arniston, were the red lion of DUNDAS, and the Oliphant elephant. His grandfather was son of Katharine, daughter of Lord Oliphant. But a fashion has sprung up of clogging modem supporters with escucheons pendent from the neck, which would make free motion difficult, if not impossible, to the living bird or beast. This fashion is now in great favour ; and the supporters granted to nearly all peers of new creation afford instances of it. {See those of Lords Ardilaun, Helper, Brassey, Grantley, Hatherton, Laming- TON, Lathom, etc., etc. I am pleased to notice that this hint has been favourably taken in some recent grants, and these escucheons not used. The supporters are however still charged, as I think quite needlessly.) These escucheons are often charged with bearings indicative of descent ; but the Low Country use, to which reference has been made, of supporters holding banners, is a much more suitable and truly heraldic way of denoting this. In French armory the supports and tenans are generally used in pairs {v, ante, p. 278) ; in our own they as frequently differ ; but unless there be a good reason to the contrary it is most in accordance with ancient precedent that they be alike. Still, as indicated above, the assumption of supporters has been used not in- appropriately as an opportunity of indicating alliance or descent. On the creation of CHARLES DUNCOMBE, as
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Baron Feversham in 1826, his sinister supporter was made identical with the dexter one used by the Earls of Dartmouth, his wife being a daughter of the second Earl. So also the supporters granted to Lord DE Mauley were those borne respectively by his father, the Earl of Bessborough, and his wife's father, the Earl of Shaftesbury. This seems better than to assume a new set of supporters for the sake of variety, under a mistaken idea of there being a necessity for differ- ence. The practice of altering a supporter to denote a recent alliance is to be deprecated. Supporters are often, not improperly, charged with a mark of cadency ; but to affix to the shoulders of Lord ROMILLY'S greyhounds a "lily slipped proper" (?), or to charge the bodies of Lord Eversley's talbots with the mace of the Speaker of the House of Commons, are incongruities which in my judg- ment are as faulty artistically as they are heraldically. Lord Battersea*S supporters have details equally incon- gruous ; they are : — dexter, a mermaid proper, sem^ of fleurs-de-lis azure, and holding in her hand three arrows or. The sinister is a sea-horse argent, collared or, and senii of roses gules. The supporters recently granted to Lord Russell of Killowen (1894) are semh, the one of trefoils, the other of escallops. The supporters granted to Lord Monk-Bretton are already fully occupied. Each of the young women holds a buckler in one hand, and carries in the other the curious combination of the rod of ^sculapius, and a balance (for justice, or for medicine?). The noble lord's shield must really balance itself, the young ladies have not between them a hand to spare for the purpose ! A lack of heraldic taste could hardly be better shown than by the supporters of Baron GWYDYR, a friar and a savage, each of whom bears on the breast an eagle displayed !
The use of two representations of the same mytho- logical personage, as in the case of Lord WiMBORNE's
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supporters (though not without precedent) is not in good heraldic taste, and shows some lack of artistic invention. Moreover, the two TubaL-Cains (if we must have Jekyll and Hyde), would have been better with hammers only, and without the anvils which now appear to be provided as seats for their relief when fatigued. It has always been a puzzle to me what Lord WyNFORD's eagles could possibly do with their Roman fasces. They excite commiseration as having so precarious a support, though it is stable compared with the piece of ordnance on whose round surface Lord Torrington's sea-horse must find it difficult to maintain a balance ! {Cf. the modem supporters of the late Lord Alcester.) Other supporters, in which this lack of artistic taste and of true heraldic feeling is conspicuous, are what we may call "chintz supporters," in which the body of the beast is covered with a pattern (!) (^See the supporters of the Earls of Ilchester, Clancarty, Dartmouth, etc).
Fio, 24.— 8iAL OF LocB, Count qy Flahukbs.
Fin. 26.— Pmct Standabd.
CHAPTER IX.
FLAGS, BANNERS, STANDARDS, ETC.
The earliest banners with which we are concerned are those which appear on the Bayeux tapestry, example,s of which are figured here, and in Plate XXIV , fig. 2.
Fio. 27.
Fia. 29.
Of the thirty-seven pennons borne on their lances by the Norman soldiers, twenty-eight are represented as terminating in triple points, or streamers, and we may therefore conclude that this was the usual form at the period. In the British Museum Catalogue of Seals the lances borne by the effigies of William the Conqueror, and William Rufus, are said to have triple streamers
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(Nos. IS and 22). The number of points was, however, by no means constant, nor were the streamers always pointed. In both these respects there was considerable variation in later times, and the pennon which fluttered at the end of the lance was as often triangular, or swallow-tailed. A Saxon banner in the Bayeux tapestry is triangular, with four streamers issuing from the lower edge. (French, Banners of the Bayeux Tapestry^ xvi., 5.)
If we turn to the other contemporary source of informa- tion, we find that on early seals the owner was frequently represented bearing a lance, to the head of which was attached a flag, often of considerable size. The lance of Raoul, Comte de Vermandois, in 1 1 16, has a square banner, charged probably with the gold and azure chequers of Vermandois, and having attached to its edge three attenuated streamers. (Demay, Le Costume au Moyen age cVapres les Sceaux^ p. 158.) The seal of William, Count of Flanders, in 1122, shows a long banner split throughout nearly its whole length, and pointed at the ends (Wree, de Seghelen der Graven van Vlaendren, plate vii.). That of BALDWIN v., Count of Hainault (d. 1194), is of similar character; neither of these has any distinguishable device. The seal of Leopold, Duke of Austria, circa 1 199, is swallow-tailed. Three or four years later his seal has the flag simply divided towards the extremity into two unpointed but fringed tails. Other seals in 12 16 and 12 17 have three such tails ; in 12 17 the tailed banner is charged with the stieroi Styria. This arrangement alternates with the banner proper for a long time after the general adoption of the latter. (HUEBER, Austria Ex Archivis Mellicensibus Illustrata^ tab. iv.) The lance of Jean de Chalons, Comte de Bourgogne, in 1239, has at its head a small square banner armoy^e {Azure^ a bend or\ and having four
I-LATK XSIV.
Explanation or Fiousn.
I. Fran Stti of Philippe, Comte de Valou, 1327 (Dtma]/). 2. Banner rrom Bkveui TkMStn. 3. Pennonoelle oi Pom (Arthacloffia ^liajut). 4. Froin Sul of Earl of ftailUnd, Adnurtl ot Bnjjuid, 1390 IDemay).
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narrow tails, or bannerols (Demay, p. 159). The well- known brass of Sir JOHN Daubernoun (1277) at Stoke d'Abernon, in Surrey, represents him with his lance, to the head of which is attached a narrow pennon with a single point, bearing his arms, Azure, a chevron or.
On the seal of LOUIS I. of Bourbon, 1339, the pennon is triangular, and charged with his arms (France, a bend), {See also the pennon borne by Sir Hugh Hastings, d. 1340, on his monumental brass at Elsyng.)
The Banner which was used eventually by knights- bannerets, barons, and all persons of higher rank, was a rectangular flag, usually square, but often oblong in
Fio. SO— Banner of Maurice de Berkeley.
shape, and attached to the staff" by one of the longer sides. This was emblazoned over its whole surface with the arms of the wearer. {See above, the banner of Maurice de Berkeley, from the Roll of Caer- laverock.) Demay (p. 159) gives as an example the banner of Mathieu de Montmorency in 1230. In Vr£e, the earliest seals with the banner-proper are those of Henry I. and HI., Dukes of Brabant {c, 1230 and 1260). Ottakar, Duke of Austria, is represented on his seal in 1264, bearing a shield with the Austrian fess, and having a lance with a banner of Styria {see fig. 16,
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p. 219 ; and HUEBER, Austria Illustrata, tab. iv., No. 4). By a later fashion a long banneret, pointed or cleft, was attached to the upper portion of the external part of the " fly." But in earlier times, when a knight was to be raised to the rank of banneret on the field of battle, the cere- monial consisted in the cutting off of the points of the pennon, so that it was made to assume exactly or approximately the square shape of a banner.
Under the feudal system knights were of two classes — Bachelors and Bannerets. A bacJielerie was a noble fief inferior in importance to thatheld by a knight. DUCANGE tells us it consisted of several manors, but had less than a dozen vassals. Sometimes two or three badieleries sent only a single man at arms to the army between them. The chevaliers-bacheliers bore the lance with a pennon, and fought under the command of a knight-banneret. Bannerets are first mentioned in the reign of PHILIP Augustus. A knight-banneret was one who held a fief en banniirey investiture of which was given by the delivery of a banner by the prince, or superior ; he was obliged not only to give personal military service, but also to provide as many knights as his fief contained knightly fees, and these fought under his banner. Until he had received the rank of knighthood, he was styled tin Ecuyer-Bannerety and received only the pay of a chevalier, instead of the double pay to which a chevalier- banneret was entitled. Each banneret should hold a fief of twenty-five hearths, and have four bacheliers under his orders. Men^trier gives the following from an old MS. : " Quand un Bachelier a grandement servy et suivy la. guerre, et que il a terre assez, et qu*il puisse avoir Gentilshommes ses hommes, et pour compagner sa Banniere, il peut licitement lever Banniere et non autre- ment. Car nul homme ne peut, ne doit porter, ne lever Banniere en bataille, s*il n'a du moins cinquante hommes d'armes tous ses hommes, et les Archers, ou Arbalestriers
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qui luy appartiennent ; et s*il les a, il doit a la premiere bataille ou il se trouvera apporter un Pennon des ses armes, et doit venir au Connestable, ou aux Mareschaux, ou a celuy qui sera Lieutenant de I'Ost pour le Prince, requerir qu'il porte Banniere, et si luy octroyent, doit sommer les Heraux pour t^moignage, et doivent de- couper la queue du Pennon, et alors le doit porter, et lever avant les autres Bannieres au dessous des autres Barons. {RecJierches du Blason^ pp. 15, 16.)
In Flanders therequired number of men at arms appears to have been only twenty-five. At the siege of Caer- laverock in 1300 this also seems to have been about the proportion ; there was a banner to every twenty-five or thirty men. MENfexRlER gives, from OuviER DE LA Marche, an account of the way in which LOUIS, a cadet of the family of Vl^VlLLE, and himself holding the lands of Sains, a terre en banniire^ was raised to the rank of banneret. " Si bailla le Roy d'Armes un coiiteau au Due : et prit le Pennon en ses mains, et le bon Due sans oster le gantelet de sa main senestre fit un tour au tour de sa main de la queue du Pennon, et de I'autre main coupa le dit Pennon : et demeura quarrd : et la banniere faite le Roy d'Armes bailla la banniere audit Messire Louys, et luy dit : Noble Chevalier, recevez I'honneur que vous fait au jour d*huy vostre Seigneur et Prince, et soyez au jour d'huy bon Chevalier, et conduisez vostre banniere k I'honneur de vostre lignage." Froissart describes the ceremonial on the occasion of Sir John Chandos being made a knight-banneret by Edv^ard, the Black Prince at Navarette. It corresponds with the account here given. In Spain a banner and a cauldron were the insignia of the Ricosombres, who corresponded to the Bannerets (sec under Cauldron in Vol. I., p. 405).
The banner was the sign of a command, and not only the Great Officers of the Crown, and their Lieutenants but all persons who would now be called general officers.
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had the right to its use whatever their civil rank might be. " Tous Royaux et tous leurs Lieutenans, Connestables, Admiraux, Maistres des Arbalestriers, et tous les Mares- chaux sans estre Barons, ne Bannerets, de tant qu'ils sont Oflficiers par dignity de leurs Offices, peuvent porter Bannifere et non autremont" (MENfexRlER, Recherches du Blason, p. 19).
On the tomb of Sir LEWIS ROBSART, K.G., Lord BOURCHIER (d. 1431); in the Chapel of St. Paul in * Westminster Abbey, a banner armoyie is placed at each corner of the slab, those at the lower end are supported the one by a lion, the other by a falcon. Compare with this the use of a banner armoyiCy held by the lion sejant- gardant on the seal of Sir Henrv Percy, ante p. 288.
The use of banners held by the supporters used in Belgium has been already noticed, p. 285. Somewhat akin to the use of the banner was the custom of the Lords High Admirals displaying their arms upon the large square sail of the mediaeval ship. Instances of this are found not only in the pictorial illustrations which remain of battles, etc., but on the seals of these high personages. As an example we give on Plate XXIV., fig. 4, the sail of the Earl of RUTLAND as it appears on his seal.
Standards. — In and after the reign of Edward III., a large flag known as the Standard came into use, it varied in size according to the rank of the person using it, but does not appear to have been allowed to any who were not knights. The MS. from which Men^trier took the regulations for the creation of bannerets given above, also supplies the following : — " Comme se doit faire capitaine et lever Estandart. Quand un homme a grandement servy les guerres, ou qu'il a grandement dequoy il puisse tenir gens, ou par grande terre ou autrement par son sens, le Roy ou autre chef de guerre le peut faire, et peut lever estendard, mais qu'il ait les
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gens de trait qu'il appartient avec cinquante hommes d'armes." The Harleian MS., No. 2358, written about the time of Henry VIII., gives the length of these standards ; the king's eight or nine yards, a duke's seven, an earl's six, a baron's five, a banneret's four-and-a-half, and a knight's four yards long. The Lansdowne MS. 255, makes the standard of a marquess six-and-a-half yards in length, and that of a viscount five-and-a-half.
These standards, which were formally granted by the Kings of Arms, all contained in the nearly square com- partment close to the staff, the red Cross of St. George on a silver field ; the rest of the standard, which tapered gradually, was generally divided into two or four longi- tudinal stripes of the owner's livery colours. On this parti-coloured field, was placed the owner's " beste," and the various badges or devices, separated from each other by slanting slips containing the motto of the bearer. The standard was split a little way from the end, and the divided pieces were rounded into a semi-circular shape. The figure, at the head of this chapter, is the standard of Henry Percy, sixth Earl of Northumberland (1527-1537). It is divided into four
horizontal bands, the upper being russet, the two central ones yellow, and the lowest tawny. The whole is powdered with silver crescents and "lockets," or manacles, and it also contains the PERCY '' beste,' the blue lion passant ; a silver key crowned, the badge of POYNINGS ; a blue bugle-horn unstringed, garnished gold, that of Bryan ; and a falchion, hilted or and sheathed sabh\ for Fitzpayne. {Hem/dry of the Percies, p. 211.)
Several of the Royal standards of the same type have already been referred to in the Chapter on BADGES.
Besides th^se, petinonceileSy or " pencils," were al.so used in considerable numbers ; they were of smaller size than the standard but somewhat similar in shape, though shorter and unsplit, they also contained the Cross of St.
VOL. II. X
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George, and usually only a single badge without motto bands (eleven of these as used by the PERCYS are engraved in the article already referred to, and one is represented on Plate XXIV., fig. 3).
The ancient guidon is said to have been a smaller standard with a swallow tail. It was charged with a cognizance or badge, and a motto.
National Flags. — Besides the banners and standards referred to above, which were peculiar to individuals, a separate flag was used as the National Emblem. This was often of large size, so large as to require to be transported upon a carriage. This usage seems to have been derived from the Saracens "in the midst of whom was a waggon drawn by eight oxen upon which was raised their red banner" (see TURPIN*S Life of Charlemagne in DuCANGE, Glossarium ; sub voce *' Carrociufn''). Frequent allusion is made by the Italian historians and poets to the Carroccio, on which the standard of the republics of Florence, Milan, or Pisa, etc., was borne, e.g,^ Tassoni says,
" Ecco il carroccio uscir fuor della porta Tutto coperta d'oro."
— La Secchia Rapita,
Two of the poles of the Carroccio of Florence, taken at the Battle of Monte-aperto in 1260, are still fastened to the columns of the cupola of the Cathedral of Siena.
The battle fought between the English and Scotch in 1 138 at Northallerton, was called Ttu Battle of the Standard from a consecrated standard thus brought on the field in its carriage. The pole was surmounted by a pyx bearing the Sacred Host ; and from the shaft floated the banners of St. Cuthbert, St. Wilfred, St. John, and St. Peter. The banner of St. Cuthbert appears to have been of red velvet, with a white centre
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enclosing the corporal used by the saint at mass. In the Wardrobe Accounts of EDWARD I. is an entry of the wages paid to the monk who accompanied the King with this banner in the invasion of Scotland. {^See Grote, Military Antiquities?) At the Battle of Bouvines in 12 14, the Imperial Standard was thus borne: — "Aquilam deauratam super draconem pendentem in pertica longa erecta in quadriga."
At the solemn funerals of persons of high estate the various kinds of flags were all borne according to distinct provisions, as follows : —
In a MS. of the time of Henry VII., published in Archceologia^ i., 346, entitled " The manner of burienge great Persons in ancient tymes/' it is declared : " This is the ordinaunce and guyding that perteyneth unto the worshipful berying of ony astate to be done in manner and fourme ensewing.
" First to be offered a shwerde by the most worshipfull man of the kyn of the sayde astate, and ony be presente, ellis by the niooste worshipfull man that is presente there on his pte.
*'//^;;/, In like wyse his shelde, his cote of worship, his helme and creste.
"7/^;//, To be hadde a baner of the Trinite, a baner of our Lady, a baner of Seynte George, a baner of the Seynte that was his advowre (advocate, patron) and a baner of his armes.
" Item, A penon of his armes.
^' Itevi^ A standard, and his beste thereinne.
" Item^ A geton (guidon) of his devise with his word (motto) . . .
^^ Item, xii scochons of his armes to be sette uppon the barres wt oute, and withinne the herse, and iii dozen penselles to stand aboven upon the herse among the lytes." Etc., etc.
The National Banners borne in the English army at
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Caerlaverock in 13CX) were ; first, that of St. George. given above ; next, that known as the banner of St. Edmund : Azure^ three open crowns or ; and lastly, that which has been more than once noticed as containing the arms of Edward the Confessor (these three are men- tioned in the Wardrobe Accounts of 1299). To these later was added a red banner containing the well-known triangular device of the Blessed Trinity ; and the four, with another of the Royal Arms, were those borne at Agincourt. {^See paper " On the Banners used in the English Army." — Retrospective Review^ 2nd series, i., p. 90.)
The banner of St. George in combination with the banner of St. Andrew of Scotland formed the first flag known as the '* Union Jacky The latter was Azure^ a saltire (or cross of St. Andrew) argent ; and at the union of the crowns the red cross of St. George — fimbriated argent, both as a reminiscence of its original field, and in order to prevent a breach of the rule which forbade colour to be used on colour — was placed upon the Scottish flag. This Union Jack was declared to be the national ensign of Great Britain in 1606, and it continued so to be until the Union with Ireland in 1801. At that time the charge of the flag which was supposed to represent the last-named kingdom : Argent, a saltire gules, was added in such a way that the " Union Jack " now consists of a blue field on which are conjoined the silver saltire of St. Andrew, and the red saltire of St. Patrick (the latter fimbriated, or bordered, ^r^^;?/ where it touches the azure field), and, over the whole, the red cross of St. George with its white fimbriation. {Cf, Plate X., fig. 4.)
The banner of St. George, with the " Union " placed in the first canton, is known as the " White Ensigji," and is the flag of the Royal Navy, and is also allowed to a very few privileged yacht clubs. A blue flag with the " Union " in the upper corner is known as the " Blue
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Ensign," and is flown by the ships connected with the Naval Reserve, and by some yacht clubs. A like flag, but of red, is the " Red Ensign " — the flag of the British Mercantile Marine. These three flags were up to 1864 the distinguishing ensigns of the three squadrons into which the British Navy was divided,* but these divisions no longer exist.
The celebrated Oriflamme of France is said to have originated in the Chape de 5. Martin^ which became the banner of the Abbey of Marmoutiers. The vulgar tradition was that this was part of the actual blue cloak of the Saint which he divided with the beggar of Amiens, as in the well-known story. But the word "r^?/rt" or ^^ capsa sancti Martini^' rather denoted the reliquary in which certain remains of the saint were enclosed. This was the vexilluin, which the Counts of Anjou had the right of taking to battle with them in the belief of thus obtaining the assistance of the saint in the conflict. A MS. of the church of S. Martin, treating of the prerogatives of the Counts of Anjou in respect of the abbey, says: — "Ipse habet vexillum beati Martini quoties vadit in bello." Bishop REEVES in his note on the Brecbennoch has shown that "the Irish vexilia were boxes, — reliquaries, or portable shrines — and, following in his steps, Dr JOSEPH ANDERSON, in Scotland in Early Christian Times, has given us excellent reasons for believing that the celebrated vexillum of the Brecbennoch, of which the custody was confirmed by WiLLlAM THE Lion in 1211-1214 to the newly founded monastery of Arbroath (Aberbrothock), was a similar reliquary con- taining relics of S. Columba, and is in all probability the casket now known as the Monymusk reliquary. Its identifi(?ation was long delayed by the common, but entirely erroneous, idea that vexillum necessarily denoted a banner. There seems to have been a similar confusion of ideas in France ; and at any rate the unlearned transferred
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to the Chape de 5. Martin, which had become a banner bearing his image, the same reverence which had formerly been paid to the vexilluin in the form of a chasse, or reliquary, when it was the chief treasure of the church of S. Martin of Tours. The vexillum was borne by Clovis' against Alaric at the battle of Vouill^ in 507 ; and three centuries later was the palladium of CHARLEMAGNE at the battle of Narbonne. At the siege of Paris in 888, a contemporary writer says : —
" Signifer en geminus concumt ab urbe benigna Lancea bina gerens, speculam conscendit amictum Auribus immodica croceum formido Danorum."
It seems probable that the precious relic having thus come into the king's keeping was not restored to the abbey but preserved in the royal palace, while the abbey had to content itself with the embroidered coverings which had enclosed the shrine, and from which possibly the oriflamme as a standard was first manufactured. The Counts of Anjou, who were governors of Touraine, claimed for themselves the office of hereditary standard bearers of la Cliape de S. Martin ; but when the Kings of France fixed their residence at Paris their devotion to S. Martin was insensibly transferred to St. Denis, who thus became the patron saint of the realm ; and the Chape de S, Martin ceased to^be the oriflamme of France. (On the derivation of Chapelle, Chapelain, etc., from Chape, see Cheruel, Dictionnaire Historique, i., 1 58.) It is difficult to determine at what period the Church banner, or gonfanon, of the Abbey of St. Denis, became in its turn the chief of those under which the French kings fought. The Counts of the Vexin, as chief feuda- tories of the Abbey, bore by hereditary right the banner of St. Denis, but Philip I. appears to have transferred to the crown the rights of these turbulent vassals in 1088
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on the death of SiMON, last Count of the Vexin, with- out issue. It is not easy to say whether the celebrity of the Enseigne de Saint Denis was anterior to this reunion or not, but the banner was already known as the oriflamme, PHILIPPE MOUSKES, in his rhyming chronicle of France, says : —
" Si a fait bailler esraument Uoriflambe de Saint Denise."
As to its form and colour there is no doubt that it resembled the banners already described under the title gonfanon^ having three points : and that it was composed of crimson silkwith a green fringe and tassels. "Oriflamme . . . . d'un vermeil samit ^ guise de gonfanon a trois queues,et avoit entour houppesdesoye verte." {Cbronique de Flandre,) But in the thirteenth century glass in the cathedral at Chartres the oriflamme borne by Henry of Metz has five points. {See BOEHEiNf, Handhuch der Waffenkunde, fig. 59 1, p. 502.) It was not charged, and the common idea that it was sem^ o{ fleurs-de-lis is as entirely erroneous as the other one, for which Geliot appears to be responsible, that it derived its name from golden flames similarly used.
" Oriflamme est une banni^re Aucune soi plus fort que guimple De cendal rougeant et simple Sans portraiture d'autre affaire."
GUILLAUME GUIAR'r.
And so Raoul de Presles tells us that it was " un glaive tout dore, ou est attache une bani^re vermeille." It was preserved in the Treasury of St. Denis, apart from the lance and cross beam, and in time of war was taken from the altar by the King himself after a solemn service. Its presence in the army denoted that of the sovereign also ; the battle of Agincourt in 141 5 is said to be the only
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instance in which the oriflamme was raised in the absence of the King ; in that case its bearer was made prisoner and died of his wounds, and the after history of the ori- flamme is quite unknown. M. Rev, in his Histoire du Drapeau de la Monarchic Franqaise to which I am indebted for a part of the above notice, patriotically insists that as Pere Anselme declares that LOUIS XI. received the oriflamme at St. Denis in 1465, it must have been preserved and restored. We may, however, be quite sure that if the old oriflamme were not forthcoming a substitute would be provided.
It is curious to note that in later times le Marquis DE GUITRY, *' Grand Maistre de la Garderobe du Roi" obtained permission from the King to resume the ancient arms of his ancestors the Comtes DU Vexin of the house of Chaumont which they were asserted to bear as Porte- Oriflammes, viz. : France-ANCIENT, differenced by a label ermine. These arms were accordingly sculptured on his house at St. Germain, the crest and supporters being lions each holding an oriflamme. (Menestrier, r Usage des ArmoirieSy tome i., p. 77, Paris, 1673.) The intelligent reader will hardly need to be reminded that the Counts of the Vexin were extinct before the use of arms was general, and certainly before they had become hereditary.
The Royal flag of France was white, — " le drapeau bland' The origin of the Tricolor of France, with its vertical division into blue, white, and red, is found in the union of the drapeau blanc with the colours of the City of Paris. In 1789, July 14, it was determined that a garde civique of 40,000 men, should be raised, to be called the Parisian militia ; that its colours should be those of the city, blue and red, to which on the proposal of M. DE LA Favette the white from le drapeau blanc was added ; together an ensign which, in La Favette's own words, " devait faire le tour du monde '* {Memoires de Id
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Fayettey'n,, ^, 286). On the 17th Louis XVI. returning to Paris, was presented by the Maire with a tri- coloured cockade, and placed it in his hat, as having become, as Bailly said, "the distinguishing symbol of Frenchmen." Under the Empire the staff of the flag as used in the army was surmounted by the Imperial Eagle.
The Imperial Standard of France was the tricolor, semi o{ golden bees, and bearing in the central compartment, i.e. on the white portion of the flag, the Imperial Eagle crowned.
The Imperial Standard of Germany appears to be used in a double form. The one is of yellow silk fringed with gold. It bears the German single-headed eagle, displayed, on its breast an escucheon of the arms of Prussia {v. p. 330) with its inescucheon of Hohen- ZOLLERN {Quarterly argent and sable). The German Eagle is of sable^ beaked and incntbered gules ^ and is surmounted by the Imperial Crown as described at p. 255. The other, also of yellow silk, is semi of sable eagles-displayed and crowns ; upon this field is the Iron Cross throughout {v. ante, p. 165), and upon its centre the escucheon of the Empire as described above. The main escucheon is surrounded by the collar of the ORDER OF THE Black Eagle.
(It should be noticed that the term Royal (or Imperial) Standard is now applied to the rectangular flag known in mediaeval times as a Banner^ The Naval Flag of Germany may be thus blazoned : Argent, a cross coticed sable, on the centre a rourid shield bearing the Arms of Germany, The Jack, or first quarter, of the flag is tierced i?i fess of the national colours : — Sable, argent, and gules. On the centre band a representation of the Iron Cross. The mercantile flag is the Jack alone with- out the Iron Cross.
The Flag of the United States of America, the
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well-known ^' Stars and Stripes,'' has the following history : —
In June 1777 the American Congress resolved : "That the flag of the thirteen United States be thirteen stripes, alternately red and white; that the 'union* (/>., the upper quarter of the flag nearest to the staff) be thirteen stars white in a blue field." This resolution was officially promulgated on 3rd September 1777. In 1794, on 13th January, Congress enacted that the number alike of stars and of stripes should be raised to fifteen, in order to include the two new States of Kentucky and Vermont. The flag thus modified was the American Ensign up to the year 18 18. On 4th April of that year it was determined to revert to the original number of stripes (/>., thirteen) and it was agreed that these should remain constant, but that whenever a new State was admitted a silver star should be added to the group in the "union," on the 4th of July next after such admission. In the Mexican Campaign the stars numbered twenty-nine ; in the Civil War thirty-five; they are now (1896) forty-five in number.
In order that the flag may be drawn correctly it should be noted that the "union" extends horizontally from the staff* to a distance of one-third of the fly, and vertically to the bottom of the fourth red stripe from the top. Whatever be the width chosen for each of the thirteen stripes (seven red, six white) the flag should be twenty-one times that size in length by thirteen times in width. The "union" should be seven "stripes" square.
The Austrian Imperial Standard is of yellow charged with the Eagle of the Empire, as in Plate XXVII., fig. I. It is bordered with a narrow bordure composed of triangular pieces of red, yellow, black, and white. The National Flag may be described
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herald ically as Tierced in fess, gules ^ argent^ gules ; />., three horizontal stripes of red, white, and red. On the white stripe near the pole is a shield of the arms of Austria {Gules, a fess argent) crowned. The flag now generally used for the Austro-Hunp^arian Monarchy is divided per pale ; to the dexter the flag as just described, but the sinister is of the Hungarian colours, red, white, and green, and is charged with the crowned escucheon of the impaled coat of HUNGARY {v. p. 120).
The Russian Imperial Standard is of yellow bearing the Imperial Arms as in Plate XXVH., fig. 2. The Naval Flag is of white charged with the saltire, the Cross of the Patron Saint of Russia, S. Andrew. The Mercantile Flag is : Tierced in fess, argent, azure, and gules ; three horizontal stripes, white, blue, and red.
The Danish Royal Standard is the National Flag of the Dannebrog : Gules, a cross argent ; but the fly is forked, and on the centre of the flag is a representation of the full Royal Arms with crown and supporters.
The Spanish Royal Standard, like our own,
consists simply of the quartered coat of the Royal Arms, The Ensign is of yellow, with a red horizontal stripe at either edge. Near the staff is a crowned oval escucheon bearing the arms of CASTILE and Leon impaled.
The Standard of Portugal is of red bearing the crowned escucheon of the Royal Arms. The Ensign is : Per pale, azure and argent, similarly charged.
The Royal Standard of the Netherlands is the same as the Mercantile Flag {Tierced in fess, gules, argent, and azure), but the central band is charged near the staff* with the Royal Arms, royally crowned, and supported.
The Italian Royal Standard is like the National Flag {Tierced in pale, vert, argent, and gules, charged in the centre with the arms of Savoy, Gules, a cross argent) ; but the crowned escucheon is often bordured azure, which
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was the diflference of the House of Savoy-Carignan from which the Royal line descends.
In Sweden and Norway the Royal Standard varies in either country. In either case the Royal Arms are fully depicted in the centre of the cross which appears in the mercantile flag, but the flag is swallow-tailed with a pendant in the centre. In Sweden the National Flag is Asure, a cross or^ with, in the first canton, a Jack of the combined Sweden and Norwegian colours. In Norway the National Flag is GuleSy a cross aztirCy fivibriaied argent. In the first quarter is a Jack of the combined colours of the two countries. The Swedish flag in the main dates from the time of ERIK XIV., who adopted the yellow cross on the blue ground as the National colours, in order to comply with the provisions of the treaty which directed that every vessel passing the Castle of Cronberg, should hoist and then lower its National Flag. The flag is composed of the tinctures of the Royal Arms of SWEDEN.
In Belgium the Royal Standard is the National Flag {Tierced in pale, sable, or, and gules), but bearing on the central stripe the full escucheon of the Royal Arms with crown and supporters.
Fig. 31.— Draoons on Shields from Bateux Tapestry.
CHAPTER X.
NATIONAL ARMS.
The present chapter contains an account of the Royal Arms, Supporters, Badges, etc. borne by the Kings of England, and later by those of the United King- dom. It also includes a concise description of the National Arms of the chief European countries, which have not already found a place in the preceding chap- ters.
I. Royal Arms, and Supporters of England, etc
On Plates XXV. and XXVI. of this volume are arranged the Royal Arms of ENGLAND, followed by those of the United Kingdom of GREAT Britain and Ireland.
The Norman kings, from WiLLlAM the Conqueror up to Henry II., are said to have borne the coat afterwards known as that of the Duchy of Normandy : Gulesytivo lions passant'gardant in pale or. This is, however, ex- tremely doubtful. No armorial bearings appear upon any of their seals until the reign of the Plantagenet kings. The earliest who used them is RICHARD I., upon whose second great seal, of the date 1198, the mounted effigy of the monarch bears a shield charged with the three lions passant-gardant of England {Catalogue of Seals in the British Museum, p. 14, No. 87). The tra- ditional origin of these arms has already been referred to. They appear to be a composite coat formed from that of the Duchy of NORMANDY by the addition of the
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single lion of GUYENNE, which the first Plantagenet king, Henry II., assumed in right of his wife, Eleanore of Aquitaine. The assertion that Stephen bore a shield charged with centaurs seems to rest on no solid foundation.
John, Count de Mortaigne, afterwards King of England, used about the year ii88,*and in his father's lifetime, a seal, on the obverse of which his t^gy is represented bearing a shield charged with two lions passant in pale. {Cat. of Seals in Brit. Mus., vol. iii.. No. 6323.) From the time of RICHARD I. to the present the three golden lions passant-gardant in a field gules (though occasionally blazoned leopards in obedience to the phraseology of French armory, as to which see Vol. I., p. 224) have been the recognised arms of England. (Vol. II., Plate XXV., fig. 2.) As the Norman kings themselves apparently bore no arms, so neither is there any indication that their queens used any ; but in pedigrees of the Royal House the follow- ing coats are often assigned to them, and, in accordance with a custom of much later date, are represented as impaled with the Norman lions. MATILDA of Flanders, Queen of William the Conqueror, is said to have borne : Gyronny or and azure^ an inescucheon gules. (See VVree, de SegJielen der Graven van Vlaendren, p. 8.) To Matilda of Scotland, first wife of Henry I., the arms of SCOTLAND are attributed ; and to his second
wife, Adelaide of Lou vain, daughter of Godfrey,
Duke of Brabant, the coat, (9r, a lion rampant azure ^ which appears to be altogether lacking in probability. Matilda, wife of Stephen, being the daughter and heiress of Eustace, Count of Bologne, would be entitled to use his coat : (9r, three torteaux, and this appears on the seal of their daughter Marie, wife of Matthieu d' Alsace. (Vre£, Gc^n^alogie des Comtes de Flandre, p. 31.) The coat of ELEANOR of Aqui-
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TAINE, wife of Henry II., has already been noticed. To Berengaria, daughter of Sanciio IV., wife of Richard I., the very doubtful coat of Navarre-ANCIENT, Azure, a cross poinmetty argent, is attributed (z/. Favyn, Theatre d'Honneur et de Chevalerie, tome ii., p. 1144). King John's queen was ISABEL, daughter of Amauri, Count of ANGOULfeME, and would bear his coat : Lozengy or and gules.
The Queen of Henry III. was Eleanor, daughter of Raymond Berenger, Count of Provence, who bore: Or, four pallets gules. This coat, however, is not represented on her seal, which bears the arms of England only.
Eleanor, daughter of Ferdinand III. of Castile, first wife of Edward I., bore : Quarterly, Castile and Leon, and these arms appear on her seal {Brit, Mus, Cat,, No. 796). Edward's second wife, Margaret, daughter of PHILIP III. of France, used on her smaller seal {Ibid,, No. 799) the arms of England and France-ancient dimidiated. (Vol. II., Plate IV., fig. 3.) The Queen of Edward II. was Isabel, daughter of PHILIP IV. of FRANCE. She bore France-ancient, dimidiating her mother's coat of Navarre-modern. On her great seal are two escucheons : one of ENGLAND, the other of this dimidi- ated coat ; but on her courtter-seal the arms are combined thus: — Quarterly, i. ENGLAND; 2. France-ANCIENT ;
3. Navarre-modern ; 4. Champagne. This is a noteworthy example of early Marshalling. In 1339, to indicate his claim to the Crown of France, Edward III. quartered the arms (France-ANCIENT) in the first and fourth places, with those of England in the second and third. (Plate XXV., fig. 2.) But on his fourth great seal, in 1340, the fleurs-de-lis are already reduced, though not permanently, to three. His queen was Philippa of Hainault, third daughter of WiLLlAM of
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HAiNAULt, Count of Holland. Her arms were Flanders quartering Holland {vide supra. Vol. I., p. 259), and, as in the preceding instance, she as queen quartered on her seal her personal arms with those of England (the latter being, of course, in the first and fourth). {Cat. of Seals in Brit. Mus., No. 8ol) Her arms, however, also appear impaled with the quartered coat of France-ancient and England.
We have already seen (Vol. I., p. 148) that RICHARD II. impaled (but apparently not on his great seals) with his coat, of France-ancient quartering England, the mythical arms of Edward the Confessor (as in Plate XXV, fig. 3). With this impaled coat Richard's first queen, Anne of Bohemia, daughter of the Emperor Charles IV., combined, also by impalement, her paternal arms : Quarterly, i and 4. The EMPIRE, Or, a double-headed eagle displayed sable ; 2 and 3. BOHEMIA, Gules, a lion rampant queu^-fourch^e argent, crowned or. It may be noted that the coat thus tierced in pale does not appear on her seal, which also omits the coat of Edward the Confessor. {Cat. of Seals in Brit. Mus., No. 804.)
Richard 1 1, had as his second queen Isabel, daughter of Charles VI. of France, and since by this time the fleurs-de-lis in the arms of FRANCE had been formally reduced to three, she impaled this coat, known as France-modern, with the arms of her husband. Henry IV. married first Mary de Bohun, daughter of Humphrey, Earl of Hereford, but she deceased before he came to the crown, and his queen was JOAN, daughter of Charles 1 1 1, of Navarre. She bore : —
Quarterly, i and 4. EvREUX: — FRANCE-ANCIENT,(?z/^r
alia bend covipony argent and gules.
2 and 3. Navarre-modern : Gides, a trellis
of chains in cross and sal tire, con- nected by an annulet in the f ess point, and a double orle of chains or.
THE ROYAL ARMS OF BNGLAUD, Btc., L
oKiDgtdlM'lMO). 3. FUuiti«n>«t>(lSM-14<»|.
3. KKlunl IL (137713ai)|.
'^y
iirr IV.— BUnbeth (IWTi-lGOS). »■ Houm of Stout (1603-1688).
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After his accession to the crown it does not appear that Henry IV. continued the use of the coat of Edward the Confessor which (with a label for difference) he had combined with his arms as Duke of LANCASTER.
Henrv V. married KATnARiNE,daughter of Charles VI. of France, and her arms are those of France and England quarterly, impaled with France-modern.
Henry VI. had to wife Margaret of Anjou, daughter of R£n£, Duke of Anjou, and titular King of Naples, Sicily, and Jerusalem. Her arms, which she bore impaled with the quartered coat of France and England, were : —
Quarterly of six —
1. Hungary : Barry gules and argent,
2. Naples : France-ancient, a label gules,
3. Jerusalem: Argent^ a cross-potent between four
plain crosses or,
4. Anjou : France-ancient, ^ *^n///r^^///^j.
5. Bar (Duchy): Azure, crusily fitcJu'Cy tzvo barbels
hauriant addorsed or,
6. Lorraine : Or^ on a bend gules ^ three alletions or. The great seal of ELIZABETH WiDVlLLE, Queen of
Edward IV., bears the quartered coat of France and England, impaling her ancestral arms : — Quarterly of six —
I. LlMBURG: Argent, a lion rampant double queue
guleSy crowned or. II. BauX: Quarterly: —
1 and 4. GuleSy an estoile of sixteen
points argent,
2 and 3. France-ancient.
III. Luxemburg: Barry of ten argent and azure^ over
all a lion rampant gules,
IV. DEsUrsinS: Gules, three bendlets argent ; a chief
per f ess of tlie second and or, on the last a rose of the first,
VOL. II. Y
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V. Chatillon, Cte. DE St. PoL: Gules, three pallets vair, on a chief or, a label of three points azure, VI. WiDVlLLE : Argent, a f ess and canton conjoined gules.
This seal is given in the Cat, of Seals in tlie Brit. Mus,, vol. i., No. 807, but the quarterings are wrongly attributed ; No. 3, for instance, is assigned (according to a vulgar error which I endeavoured to kill in Notes and Queries, 5th series, vol. x., pp. 189, 329) to the LUSIGNAN Kings of CYPRUS, with which the house of Luxemburg had no connection at all. Quarters Nos. I., III., V. were the arms of Peter of Luxemburg, Elizabeth's maternal grandfather; Nos. II. and IV., were those of his wife, Margaret de Baux, Elizabeth's maternal grandmother. Elizabeth herself was the daughter of Sir RICHARD VVlDVILLE,
by Jacqueline of Luxemburg, widow of John, Duke of Bedford.
Richard III. married Anne Neville, daughter of Richard, Earl of Warwick ; and widow of Edward, Prince of Wales, son of Henry VI. She impaled with the quartered arms of the king her own coat : Gules, a saltire argent, differenced by a label compony of the second and azure. In the Warwick Roll her full coat is given : —
Quarterly of seven (four in chief, three in base) — I. Newburgh, Chequy or and azure, a chevron ermine. II. Beauchamp : Gules, a fess between six crosslets or.
III. Montagu: Argent, three lozenges conjoined in
fess gules.
IV. Momthermer: Or, an eagle displayed vert,
beaked and membered gules. V. (in base). NEVILLE, as above.
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VI. Clare : Or^ three chevrons gules. VII. Despenser: Quarterly, Argent, and Or fretty gules ; over all a bend sable,
Elizabeth of York, daughter of Edward IV., Queen of Henry VII., impaled with the arms of her husband her own coat (Vol. II., Plate IV., fig. 4.) : — Quarterly : —
I. France and England, quartered, II. and III. de Burgh of Ulster: Or, a cross
gules, IV. Mortimer {see Vol. I., p. 178; Plate XIX., fig. 6.). ' These coats appear thus arranged on her tomb in Westminster Abbey.
Katharine, daughter of Ferdinand V. of Arragon, and first wife of Henry VIII., bore the full coat of the United Spanish Monarchies.
Quarterly of four Grand Quarters : —
1 and 4. Castile quartering Leon.
2 and 3. Arragon, impaling Sicily. Ent^ en point of Granada.
The arms of Anne Boleyn and Jane Seymour, Henry's second and third queens, have been blazoned already at Vol. 11, p. 151.
His fourth wife Anne, daughter of John, Duke of Cleves, bore : —
Quarterly of five (three in chief, two in base) — I. JULICH : Or, a lion rampant sable, II. Cleves : Gules, an escucheon argent, over all an escarbuncle or,
III. Berg : Argent, a lion rampant gules, crowned
azure,
IV. Marck : Or, afess cftequy argent and gules, V. RavensberG: Argent, three chevrons gules,
(These arms are taken from the seals of her father and brother, Dukes JOHN and WiLLlAM of Cleves, which
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are engraved in Vr£e, G^n^alogie des Comies de FlandrCy pp. 119 and 120.)
The quarterings borne by KATHARINE Howard, and Katharine Parr, Henry*s fifth and sixth wives will be found at p. 152 of this volume.
Philip of Spain, husband of Queen Mary Tudor, bore the full arms of Spain.
Per f ess : —
A. Quarterly^ i and 4. CASTILE quartering LEON.
2 and 3. Arragon wipaling SiClLV. EnU en point of GRANADA.
B. (in base). Quarterly : —
1. Austria-modern.
2. Burgundy-modern.
3. Burgundy-ancient.
4. Brabant.
En surtout : FLANDERS iinpalifig TYROL. He placed them on the dexter side of his escucheon, the arms of Mary : France and England quartered, being to the sinister. (Supporters, an eagle sable, and the lion.)
It will be seen that from the year 1405 to the close of the reign of Elizabeth in 1603, the coat of the English sovereigns was : FRANCE-MODERN, quartering ENGLAND ; as in Vol. II., Plate XXV., fig. 4. (There are a few examples, as on the south porch of Gloucester Cathedral, in which ENGLAND has the precedence.)
The supporters used were as follows (the early ones are doubtful and do not appear upon the great seals) : —
Edward III. A golden lion of England, and a silver falcon {Harl. MS,, 1073, Brit. Mus.).
Richard II. A white hart (gorged with an open crown, and chained) or, and a white falcon. Two white harts (?) {Vincent's MS., Coll. Arm.). Two angels.
Henry IV. A golden lion of England, and the white antelope of BOHUN. Before his accession
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he used two swans holding ostrich feathers in beak. {See Chapter V., on Badges). The swan, gorged and chained ; and an antelope.
Henry V. The lion gardent crowned, and antelope as above.
Henry VI. Two antelopes (of Bohun) gorged and chained ; the lion and antelope ; the lion and a heraldic tiger, or a panther sewe of various roundels, and inflamed proper (of Beaufort).
Edward IV. The lion of England, and a black bull armed gold (of Clare); two white lions (of March). The arms of his Queen, Elizabeth Widville, have as supporters the white lion of March ; and a white greyhound, collared and chained gold, for NEVILLE.
Edward V. The white lion and white hart (a hind).
Richard III. Two white boars, armed ^r. The lion of England, and a white boar.
Henry VII. The red dragon of Wales. A white greyhound (of Neville, or Lancaster). The lion of England, and the dragon of Wales. Two white greyhounds (collared gules).
Henry VIII. The dragon and greyhound (as above). Two white greyhounds. The golden lion, and red dragon. The antelope and stag {Exchequer Seal),
Edward VI. The golden lion, and red dragon. The lion and greyhound.
Mary. The lion and greyhound. The lion and dragon {or),
Elizabeth used the same supporters as her sister ; and also the dragon and greyhound. On her Exchequer Seal the heraldic antelope and stag, gorged and chained, are employed. [The ante- lope appears like a goat on the Exchequer Seals of James II. and George I. {Brit, Mus. Cat,).']
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On the accession of James VI. of Scotland to the throne of England the arms became : Quarterly^ i and 4. France and England quarterly. 2. Scotland. 3. Ireland. This coat was borne by all the Stuart Sovereigns. (Plate XXV., fig. 5.) WiLLlAM of Orange, as an elected Sovereign, placed upon it en surtout his arms of Nassau : Azure, billetty and a lion rampant or (Plate XXVI., fig. 7), and during Mary's life impaled this with her coat (Plate XXVI., fig. 6). Queen Anne had an entirely different arrangement : — Quarterly, i and 4. ENGLAND impaling SCOTLAND; 2. France ; 3. Ireland. The supporters were the lion of England, and the unicorn of Scotland. Instances of other supporters are to be met with. On the Exchequer Sealoi Charles I. they are an antelope and a stag, both ducally gorged and chained ; on his seal used at the Session in South Wales, the supporters are a dragon, and a heraldic antelope. On the Privy Seal of James 1 1., and on that for the Duchy of LANCASTER, the arms of the Duchy are supported by two greyhounds sejant- addorsed, each holding an ostrich feather. On the Seal of Common Pleas of James I., Charles II., and George I., the supporters are a griflfin (probably intended for a dragon), and a greyhound. Anne used the lion and greyhound {see p. 327).
The arms of the Consorts of the Sovereign since the union of the Crown of England and Scotland may now be given.
James I., married Anne, daughter of Frederick H., King of Denmark, whose Garter-plate remains at Windsor, and is as follows : —
Quarterly, separated by the Cross of the Dannebrog (drawn here, as in many ancient instances, as a plain cross argent, fimbriated gules): — r. Denmark, Or, sem^ of hearts gules, three lions passant-gardant, crowned azure.
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2. Norway, Gules, a lion rampant crowned or,
holding the Scandinavian broad-axe argent,
3. Sweden, Azure^ three open crowns or,
4. Gothland, Or, in chief a Hon passant azure, in
base nine /learts in two rows gules. On a c/tampagne in base the arms of the VANDALS : Gules, a dragon (English wyvern) wings expanded or. On t/ie centre of t/ie cross a quartered escucheon ivith a surtout : — L SCHLESWIG : Or, two lions passant in pale azure,
2. HOLSTEIN : Gules, an escucheon per fess argent
and of the field, between three nails in pairle, alternating with as many demi-nettle leaves, all of the second.
3. Stormarn : Gules, a swan, wings expanded
argent, gorged with an open crown or,
4. DiTMARSCHEN: Gulcs, a knight armed at all points
or, and mounted on a steed salient argent. The surtout is, Per pale : —
(a) Oldenburg: Or, two bars gules,
(b) Delmenhorst : Azure, a long cross botonny
fixed in a mount or, (This is inaccurate ; properly the cross is not botonny, nor does it rise from a mount.)
These arms were impaled by Queen Anne of Denmark with those of her husband James I., and the escucheon is supported, according to the custom of the time, by the golden lion of ENGLAND, and on the sinister by one of the family supporters of the Queen, in this case a wild man wreathed, and holding a club proper.
Henrietta Maria, Queen of Charles I., was daughter of Henry IV. of France. On her great seal the quartered arms of Great Britain are impaled with her arms : FRANCE and Navarre impaled. {Cat, of Seals in the Brit. Mus., No. 809.) The supporters are dexter, the lion of ENGLAND crowned, and sinister an
( 328 ) angel proper, wearing a dalmatic of the arms of
France.
Charles II. married Katharine of Braganza, daughter of King JOHN IV. of PORTUGAL. The arms on her great seal {Cat. of Seals in Brit, Mus,, No. 843) are those of PORTUGAL (Vol. I., Plate XX.) impaled with the quartered coat of Great-Britain. The supporters are the crowned lion of ENGLAND, and to the sinister one of the dragons (English wyverns) which act as supporters to the Portuguese arms.
Marie d'Este, Queen of James II., was daughter of Alphonso d'Este, Duke of Modena. The arms on her great seal {Cat, of Seals in Brit, Mus.y No. 817) are those of Great-Britain, with which are impaled the arms of the Queen, viz. : — Quarterly, i and 4 Azure, an eagle displayed argent crowned proper. (ESTE of Modena.) 2 and 3. Azure, three fleurs-de-lis or, within a plain bordure of or and gules indented into each other, (Duchy of Ferrara.) The blazon in the Catalogue is incorrect.
William, Prince of Orange, King-Consort of Mary II., bore the Royal Arms of Great-Britain, with, on an escucheon en surtout, the arms of Nassau : Azure, billetty, a lion rampant or (Plate XXVI., fig. 7).
Prince GEORGE, son of FREDERICK III., King of Denmark, was the Consort of Queen Anne. His Garter-plate at Windsor bears the same arms as those already described for Anne of Denmark, Queen of James I., with some slight exceptions. The Dannebrog cross is broader, and the arms of Gothland have ten hearts in base, arranged 4, 3, 2, i.
After the union with Scotland in 1707, the Royal arms are: — Quarterly, i and 4. England, impaling Scotland; 2. France-modern; 3. Ireland (Plate XXVI., fig. 8).
On the accession of GEORGE I. in 17 14, his arms as
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Elector of HANOVER were introduced into the Royal shield. These were; — Tierced in pairle reversed: i. Brunswick : Gules, two lions passaut-gardant in pale or, 2. LuNEBURG : Or, sentt^ of luarts gules, a lion rampant azure. 3. (In point) WESTPHALIA: Gules, a horse courant argent ; and over all, for the Electoral dignity, Gules, tfte crown of Charlemagne or (v. Vol. II., p. 253). The Royal arms consequently became (Plate XXVI., fig. 9): — Quarterly, i. ENGLAND impaling SCOTLAND ; 2. France; 3. Ireland; 4. The Hanoverian group (as above).
After the union with Ireland, in 1801, the arms of France ceased to be employed, and the Royal arms up to the death of WiLLIAM IV., in 1837, were: Quarterly, I and 4. England ; 2. Scotland ; 3. Ireland. Over all the Hanoverian escucheon, (Plate XXVI., fig. 10.)
On the accession of Queen Victoria, in 1837, the Hanoverian escucheon was removed, and the Royal arms assumed their present form.
We have now to describe the arms borne by the Royal Consorts since the accession of the House of HANOVER in the person of GEORGE I. in 1714.
His wife, Sophia Dorothea of Brunswick- LUNEBURG, was daughter of George William, Duke of Zelle, and her arms were the same as those which her husband and cousin bore before his accession to the throne of Great-Britain. These, in their simple form, were BRUNSWICK, Gules, two lions passant or, impaling LuNEBURG ; Or, sem^ of hearts gules, a lion rampant azure {see Plate XXIX., fig. 2). (The fuller form is given later.)
George II. had for his Queen Caroline Wilhel- MiNA, daughter of John Frederick, Markgrave of Brandenburg-Anspach. There are several varia- tions in the arrangement of the quarterings, but I think the blazon given below is more exact in
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some particulars than that which I printed in 1864, in Boutell's Heraldry, Historical and Popular^ p. 312. Quarterly of fifteen : —
1. Brandenburg : Argerlt, an eagle displayed gules ^
the Klee-Stengeln or,
2. Madgeburg : Per f ess gules and argent,
3. Prussia : Argent , an eagle displayed sable, arttied
gales y crowned or, 4- Stettin: Azure^a griffin segreant gules ^crowned or,
5. Pommern : Argent, a griffin segreant gules,
6. Cassuben : Or, a griffin segreant sable,
7. Wen den : Argent, a griffin segreant, bendy gules
and vert,
8. CroSSEN : Argent y an eagle displayed sable,
9. SCHWIEBUS. (?) Argent, an eagle displayed sabUy
on its breast a crescent of t/ie field,
10. Halberstadt : Per pale, argent and gules,
1 1. MiNDEN : Gules, two keys in saltire argent.
1 2. NURNBERG : Or a lion rampant sable, croivnedof
the field, within a bordure compony argent and gules,
13. Camin : Gules, a cross ancr^e argent,
14. HOHENZOLLERN : Quarterly argent and sable.
15. Regalien : Gules plain,
George III. married Charlotte Sophia, daughter of Charles, Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, who bore : —
Quarterly of six (in three horizontal rows, each of two quarters) —
1. Mecklenburg : Or, a buffalo's head caboshed
sable, ducally crowned gules, armed and buckled argent (the horns pass through the crown).
2. Rostock : Azure, a griffin segreant or.
3. SCHWERIN (Principality) : Per fess azure and
vert ; in chief a griffin segreant or ; the base bordered argent.
THE KOYAI. AltMS <IK (iUKAT IIKITAIN, Rrr.. II.
W W
t iIMmti III. anil Mary II. (IHMD-llilH). T. William lU. (iriM-1702).
8. Aaae (1703-1714).
HouMDrHmnover(l7l4-lM)t). ID. Huuw u( Hanotar (lttOl-1837).
( 331 )
4- Ratzeburg : Gules y a cross couped slightly pat^e argent {crowned or),
5. Stargard (County) : Gules ^ an ann embowed in
armour issuant from clouds in the sinister flanky tfie hand holding a gem ring proper; a scarf azure y tied at the elbotv.
6. Wenden : Or^ a buffaloes head in profile sable^
homed argent ^ ducally crowned gules. Overall an escuc/ieon ^SCHWERIN (County) : Per f ess gules and or.
This is not the place for an explanation why I have fallen away from my former assignation of these bearings, but I may say I have done so after careful investigation.
Caroline, daughter of Charles William Ferdi- nand, Duke of Brunswick, Luneburg was wife of George IV. The full quarterings are : —
Quarterly of tivelve —
1. Luneburg {antCy p. 329).
2. Brunswick {ante^ p. 329).
3. Eberstein : Azure y a lion rampant argent ^
crowned or,
4. HOMBURG : Gules y within a bordure compon^
argent and azure, a lion rampant or.
5. (The escucheon surtout) LOWER Saxony : Gules,
a horse salient gules,
6. Lauterburg : Per f ess (a) Gules, a lion passant
or, (b) Or, three bars gules.
7. Quarterly, i and 4. Or, two bear's paws addorsed
sable (Hoja). 2 and 3. Per fess (a) Barry of four gules and argent. ( b ) Gyronny of eight argent and azure (Bruckhausen),
8. Or, a lion rampant gules, crowned of the field
(with II, Diepholz).
9. HOHENSTEIN : Chequy argent and gules.
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10. Klettenberg : Argenty a stag trippant argent.
11. Azure, an eagle displayed argent (with 8, DlEP-
HOLZ).
12. Regenstein and Blankenberg : Argent, a
horn in bend gules, and another in bend-sinister sable. This quarter is often separated into its two components, as below. I have to repeat here the remark made above. The blazon given differs somewhat from that which I wrote for Boutell's Heraldry, but the German blazons often vary in their arrangement, and sometimes in their tinc- tures. Another arrangement is as follows (omitting
Lower Saxony) : —
Quarterly of twelve (in four horizontal rows of three quarters each) —
i. luneburg.
2. Brunswick.
3. Eberstein.
4. HOMBURG.
5. DiEPHOLZ (upper half).
6. Lauterberg {lion),
7. HojA and Bruckhausen.
8. DiEPHOLZ (lower half).
9. HoHNSTEiN, and Lauterberg {bars),
10. Regenstein.
11. Klettenberg.
12. Blankenberg.
Adelaide (daughter of George Frederick of Saxe- Meiningen), was wife of William IV., and bore: — Quarterly of nineteen —
1. ThuringiA: Azure, a lion rampant, barry
argent and gules, crowned or,
2. Cleves (p. 323).
3. JULIERS (p. 323).
4. Meissen : Or, a lion rampant sable, gules
crowned.
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5. Saxony.
6. Berg (p. 323).
7. Westphalia : Gu/esy an eagle displayed or.
8. Landsberg : Or, two pallets azure.
9. Thuringia (Palatinate): Sable, an eagle dis-
played or,
10. Orlamunde (or Weimar) : Or, semi of hearts
gules J a lion rampant sable, crowned gules.
1 1. Eisenberg : Argent, three bars azure.
12. Pleissen : Azure, a lioji rampant or {or per f ess
or and azure).
13. AltenburG: Argent, a rose gules, barbed and
seeded or.
14. Regalien : Gules plain.
15. Brehna: Argent, three nenuphar leaves gules
(v. Vol. I., p. 339).
16. Marck (v. p. 323).
17. Anhalt (or ROMHILD) : Gules, a column
argent, the capital and base or.
18. Henneberg: Or, on a mount in base vert, a
lien sable, wattled gules.
19. Ravensberg : Argent, three chevrons gules. The late Prince ALBERT of Saxe-Coburg and
GOTHA, Consort of her Majesty Queen VICTORIA, bore
by special warrant the following coat :—
Quarterly, i and 4. The Royal Arms of QwE^KlY^YtXlKl^
and Ireland, differenced by a
label argent, the centre point
charged with a cross of St. George
{gules). 2 and 3. Saxony.
The full coat of the Prince consisted of twenty-three
quarters (in five rows of four, and three in base) arranged
thus : —
1. JULICH.
2. Cleve
( 334 )
3- Berg.
4. Engern.
5. Westphalia (the Saxon horse).
6. COBURG : Sable, a lion rampant ^ double queu^
argent.
7. Thuringia (the lion).
8. Meissen (the lion double-quetU and un-
crowned).
9. ROMHILD impaling Henneberg.
ID. Lighten BERG: Per f ess, argent and azure, a lion rampant counter-changed,
11. Saxony-Palatinate (the eagle).
12. Palatinate of Thuringia.
13. Landsberg.
14. Brehna,
15. Orlamunde (or Weimar).
16. Pleissen.
17. Altenburg.
18. Eisenberg.
19. Marck.
20. Ravensberg.
21. Regalien.
22. Tonna : Azure, a lion argent,
23. Ravenstein : Azure, on a bendlet argent a raven
proper. En surtout SAXONY. The Supporters of the Royal Arms since the time of James I. are thus blazoned : Dexter, a lion rampant- gardant or, crowned with the Imperial crown. Sinister, a unicorn argent, armed, unguled, and maned or; gorged zvith an open crown of crosses-pate^ and fleurs-de-lis, and chained of the last. These supporters are sometimes represented holding banners. On the Great Seal of jAMES I. the dexter banner is charged with a cross patonce, perhaps for Egbert ; the sinister bears the arms attributed to Edward the Confessor. On later Great Seals the
( 335 )
banners bear respectively the crosses of St. GeorgE and St. Andrew.
The Royal crest is, on the Imperial crown a lion statant gardant, also crowned with the Imperial crown.
The motto, '^ Dieu et mon droitl^ said to have been assumed by Edward III., appears to have been first used by Edward IV. On the Great Seal of Mary I. the motto is " Temporis filia Veritas''; on that of ELIZABETH the motto is ^' Pulchrum pro patria pati" ; but that which seems to have been most in favour with her was Semper eadenty afterwards used by James I., and by Queens ANNE and Mary II. James I. is said to have used '' Beatt pacificir Under the Commonwealth the motto was ^^Pax quceritur bello!' WILLIAM III. used the NASSAU motto — "y^ maintiendrair
It will be remembered that the Royal Arms have always been surrounded by the Garter, with its motto " Honi soit qui mal y pensel' since the foundation of that Order by Edward III.
II. National Arms. — The arms of the Austrian Empire are given in Vol. II., Plate XXVII., fig. i. The double-headed eagle displayed with golden beak and feet, holds in its right claw a golden sceptre and a drawn sword ; in the left, the Imperial Orb. Each head is royally crowned. On the breast is the escucheon : Tiercedinpale: I. Hapsburg ; 2. Austria; 3. Lorraine. Around it are the Collar of the Order OF the Golden Fleece ; and the Grand-Cordon of the Order of Maria Theresa. On the wings and tail of the Imperial Eagle are eleven crowned escucheons ; (dexter wing): — i. Hungary (ancient and modern impaled); 2. Esclavonia; 3. Austria above the EnnSy impaling Austria below the Enns ; 4. Salzburg; 5. Styria; 6. Tyrol ; 7. (at the top of the sinister wing) Bohemia ; 8. Illyria ; 9. Esclavonia ; 10. Moravia, impaling Silesia ; ii. Carinthia, impaling Carniola. (These
( 336 )
are all blazoned in Vol. II., pp. 1 19-125.) The Imperial Crown is placed above the crowned heads of the double eagle.
When supporters are used they are : — Two griffins Or^ the plumage of the breast and wings sable.
The arms of the German Empire are already de- scribed at page 313, and are shown on Plate XXVIII ,
fig. ^
The arms of the PRUSSIAN MONARCHY as now borne
(Plate XXIX., fig. i) are as follows : — Quarterly of twelve
(in four horizontal rows, each consisting of three
quarterings) : —
I. Silesia : Or, an eagle displayed sable, anned of the
field, on its breast a crescent, and within tlie
horns a crosslet argent,
II. Brandenburg : Argent, an eagle displayed gules,
beaked and numbered or, crowned with a
princely hat of the second, turned up ermine,
on the wings the Klee-Stengeln gold,in its dexter
claw a sceptre, and in its sinister a naked sword,
both proper.
III. Lower Rhine (Duchy): Argent, tlie Prussian
Eagle (see V.) on its breast an escucheon vert, charged with a bend wavy argent, and sur- mounted by a Royal Crown proper,
IV. POSEN (Grand Duchy): Argent, the Prussian
Eagle (as in V.), on its breast an escucheon gules, thereon an eagle displayed argent, crowned proper, V. (As an escucheon surtout v. ante p. 118) PRUSSIA: Argent, an eagle displayed sable, beaked, mem- bered, and having on its wings the Klee- Stcngeln or, above its head a Royal crown, in tJie dexter claw t/te Royal sceptre (of gold surmounted by an eagle as in the arms) in the sinister the orb of sovereignty.
NATIONAL \ta,lH. I. AllUH or AUHTKIAN BufrRK.
t. Akhh or KiiMHrAN Eun
L
( 337 )
On the eagle's breast is the Royal cypher F Ry surmounted by the Crown of gold, VI. Saxony (z/. Plate IX., fig. 2). VII. POMERANIA : Argent y a griffon segreant gules y anned and crowned or, VI IF. Westphalia: GuleSy a horse salient argent. IX. (LUNEBURG?): Or, sein^ of hearts guleSy a lion rampant azure. X. Tierced in mantel: (a) HOLSTEIN (v. p. 327); {b) SCHLESWIG (v. p. 327). These coats are ent^ en point of LauenBURG : Gules y a horse's head couped at the neck ory within a bordure-compony argent and sable {y.i., p. 340). Xr. Tierced in mantel : {a) NiJRNBERG : (9r, within a bordure-compony gules and argent^ a lion rampant sabhy crowned of the second ; (J?) HOHENZOLLERN: Quarterly argent and sable. Xn. Tierced in mantel : {a) ThurINGIA (z/. Plate IX., fig. 3); {b) Gu ELDERS : A sure y a lion rampant crowned or (} Nassau). These coats are ent^ en point of RUPPIN : Gules y an eagle displayed argent. The whole escucheon is ensigned with the badge of the Order of the Black Eagle, pendant from its grand cordon of orange silk (vide infra^ p. 271). A Royal Crown surmounts the whole. If the supporters are used they are : Two wild men, wreathed about the head and loins, each holding in the exterior hand a club proper.
The arms of RUSSLV (Plate XXVII., fig. 2) are borne on the breast of the crowned Imperial double-headed eagle (with red beaks and feet) the right claw holds the Imperial sceptre, the left the Orb. The central shield contains the shield known as the arms of Moscow : GuleSy the mounted effigy of St. George slaying the dragon all proper. Around it hangs the collar and
VOL. II. z
( 338 )
badge of the ORDER OF St. Andrew. On the dexter wing are four escucheons with appropriate crowns : — I. Kazan : Argent^ a dragon sable^ winged gules, crowned or 1 1. Poland: Gules, an eagle displayed argent, crowned or,
III. Taurida: Or, a double-headed eagle displayed sable,
on its breast a shield : Azure, thereon a cross triple-traversed, within a borduh or,
IV. Tierced in mantel: — i. KIEV : Azure, tlie Archangel
Michael, vested argent, diademed, and holding a flaming sword or, his shield of the second^ bordured gold ; 2. NOVGOROD: Per f ess, (a) Argent, a throne gules framed or, thereon a chandelier of three branches of the last ; the throne supported by tiuo bears rampant-gardant, holding above it a sword and sceptre, crossed in sal tire all proper ; (b) Azure, two fish, naiant affront^es argent; 3. VLADIMIR: Gules, a lion rampant-gardant, crowned or, holding a crosslet pommetty-fitcliee argent.
On the sinister wing are four crowned escucheons : — I. Astrakan : Azure, a Royal croivn, surmounting a
scimitar fessways proper 1 1. Siberia : Ermine, two martins {ox sables) counter- rampant, supporting a Royal crown; behind tliem two arrows in saltire, and a bow in f ess gules,
III. Quarterly, i. Kabarda : Azure, two arrows between four estoiles argent ; over all an escucheon. Gules, an increscent or ; 2. Iberia : Gules, a horse salient between two estoiles in bend-sinister argent; 3. Kartalinia : Or, a volcano vert, inflamed proper, behind it two arrows in saltire sable; 4. ARMENIA: Or, a lion rampant gules, crowned of the first ; ente
NATIIJNAI. ARMS. Lkhh iir (Jkiuiar Ehpikk.
Abiib or Umitbii Stath or Aiiiboa.
( 339 )
en point of CiRCASSiA : Or^ a Circassian
warrior proper, holding a lance, and mounted
on a horse sable ; over all GEORGIA : Or, S,
George proper, habited azure, mounted on a
horse sable, slaying a dragon of the third,
ivinged vert. (In the plate GEORGIA alone
appears, this is often the case when the arms
are depicted on a small scale).
IV. Finland: Gules, semi of roses argent, over all a
lion rampant crowned or, brandishing a sword
and holding in its sinister paw the scabbard
proper.
Besides these eight escucheons I noticed on the plate
of arms of the Grand Duke CONSTANTINE (d. 1892) as
Knight of the Order of the Seraphim, in the Riddarholms
Kyrka at Stockholm, a ninth in base (on the tail of the
eagle), crowned and containing two coats impaled : (A)
the arms of the House of ROMANOFF : Argent, a griffin
gules, holding in its right paw a sword, in the left an oval
buckler or, on it an eagle displayed sable ; the whole within
a bordure of the last charged with eight liofi's heads erased,
alternately of the first and third, (B) The quartered coat
of the House of Oldenburg ; i. Norway ; 2. Slesvig;
3. HolsteIN; 4. StormarN; enti^ en point DlTMAR- SCHEN. En surtout OLDENBURG impaling Delmen- HORST. {See above, pp. 326, 327 ; and under DENMARK.) The Imperial Crown is placed above the crowned heads of the eagles. It is worthy of notice that this mode of displaying shields of arms on the body and wings of an eagle, which is still used by the Emperors of Austria and Russia, was also formerly employed by the Electors of BRANDENBURG, Frederick-
WiLLiAM I., 1667; Frederick-William II., 1684; and Frederick HI., 1690. Their seals bear the single eagle displayed ; on its breast the Electoral escucheon
of Arch-Chamberlain of The Empire {Azure, a
( 340 )
sceptre in pale or) ; while the arms of the BRANDENBURG possessions are displayed in a series of twenty-five shields arranged upon the wings, and upper part of the tail of the supporting eagle.
Baden : Or^ a bend gules. Supporters, Two griffins regardant sable, crowned or.
Bavaria: Quarterly, i. Palatinate of the Rhine: Sable, a lion rampant queutl-fourcJUe crowned or. 2. Franconia (Duchy): Perfess indented argent and gules; 3. BURGAU (Markgravate) : Bendy-sinister of six argent and gules, over all a pale or ; 4. Veldenz (Principality) : Argent, a lion rampant azure. Over all l^AW XKW, Bendy fusilly azure and argent (v. Vol., II., Plate IX., fig. 6). Supporters, 7 wo lions rafupant'gardant queue-fourc/ufe proper, crowned or.
Belgium : Sable, a lion rampant or. Supporters, Two crowned lions rampant or, each holding a banner tierced in pale sable, or, and gules. Motto, ^^ L' Union fait la forced'
Bulgaria : Gules, a lion rampant or.
DENMARK: (Plate XIX., fig. i), Or, sem^ of liearts gules, three lions passant-gardant in pale azure. Sup- porters, Two savages with clubs, wreathed proper. Motto, *' Dominus mihi adjutor!' Generally the full shield is used : — Quarterly, separated by the Cross of the Danne- m<OCj, argent bordered gules : i. DENMARK; 2. ICELAND Gules, a stock fish in pale argent, crowned with an open crown or {v. Vol. I., p. 285 ; Plate XXIX., fig. 11); 3. Gules, a dragon crowned or, Vandalia ; 4. Or, two liotis passant- gardant in pale azure, Slesvig. Over all an escucheon. Quarterly, i. HOLSTEIN : Gules, an escucheon per fess argent and of the field, between three detni-nettle leaves and as many passion-nails in pairle of the second ; 2. Stormarn, Gules, a swan argent, royally gorged or ; 3. DiTMARSCHEN, Gules, a mounted knight proper ; 4. Lauenburg, Gules, a horse's head argent {cf above, under PRUSSIA). Sur le tout du tout Oldenburg {Or, two bars gules), impaling
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Delmenhorst (Azure, a cross couped, sometimes pat^e- aies^Cy or),
Greece : Azure^ a Greek-cross couped argent ; En surtout^ the Danish arms as above. Supporters, Two savages (of Denmark) holding clubs, proper.
Hesse : {y. Plate IX., fig. 3). Supporters, Two lions queu^'fourc/i/e or.
Italy : Gules, a cross argent Supporters, Two lions proper,
Luxemburg : Barry of ten azure and argent, over all a lion rampant gules , crowned or.
MONACO: Fusily argent and gules. Supporters, Two monks habited proper, each brandishing a sword in the exterior hand. Crest, Out of a coronet, a fleur-de-lis or, between a palm branch, and a sprig of laurel vert.
MONTENEGRO: Gules, a double-headed eagle displayed argent crowned and holding sceptre and orb or : on its breast an escucheon : Azure, in base a mount vert, thereon a lion passant or.
Netherlands : Azure, sem^ of billets, a lion rampant croivned or, holding in its dexter paw a naked sword, and in the sinister a bundle of arrows proper. Supporters, Two lions crowned or. Motto, ^' fe maintiendrai!'
PORTUGAL: Argent, five escucheons in cross azure, on each as many plates in saltire, all within a bordure gules thereon seven castles or. Supporters, Two dragons proper, holding banners of the Arms. Crest, Out of an open crown a demi dragon with wings displayed or.
ROU MANIA: Quarterly, i. Azure, an eagle displayed holding a sceptre, sword, and cross, in dexter chief a sun or (Wallachl^). 2. Gules, a bull's head caboshed, between its horns a star, and in sinister chief a crescent or (Moldavla). 3. Gules, on an open croivn a lion rampant, croivned and holding a star, or, 4. Azure, two dolphins affrontt^es, heads in base, tails in chief or. Over all, H O H E N - ZOLLERN : Quarterly, argent, and sable.
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Saxony {v. Plate XI., fig. 2): Supporters, Two lions regardant^ crowned proper.
Servia : Gules ^ a cross argent between four fusils proper.
Spain: Quarterly, Zh.':i^T\\J^ and \^^0^,ent^ en point of Granada. Over all an escucheon of France- modern. The supporters are seldom used, but are Tivo golden lions holding banners of the Arms. {See also p. 290). The crest, if used, is: Out of a crest-coronet a castle of Castile, issuing therefrom a demi-lion of LEON, crowned or, holding in its dexter paw a sword, in the sinister an orb, proper. {See M AU RICE, Les A rmoiries des Chevaliers de VOrdre de la Toison d'Or, Nos. cccxxii. and cccl.)
Sweden and Norway {v. Plate XIX., fig. 2): The shield is divided into three parts by a go\A(tn pairle patt^e-throughout ; I. (in chief) SWEDEN: Azure, three open crowns or. 2. NORWAY : Gules, a lion rampant croiuned or, holdifig a long-handled Danish axe argent. 3. Gothland : Azure, three bends-sinister wavy or, over all a lion rampant gules. Over all the personal arms of the King : — (Vasa, impaling PONTECORVO). I . Vasa : Tierced in bend azure, argent, and gules, over all a vase, or sheaf, or. 2. PONTECORVO : Azure, in chief the ea^le of the French Empire or ; in base a bridge of three arclies towered, and passing over a river, all argent.
Switzerland : Gules, a cross couped argent.
Turkey : Gules, a crescent -decrescent, and tuithin its liorns, an estoile argent.
WURTTEMBERG: Or, three stag's attires fessways in pale sable, impaling Or, three lions passant in pale sable, Jheir right paivs ccorclt^s gules (SWABIA). Supporters, A lion of the arms, crowned or ; and a stag proper.
L Amb or BacHswic* LDHUDRa.
CHAPTER XI.
ORDERS OF KNIGHTHOOD.
The limits of the present work only admit of our giving a detailed description of the Orders of Knighthood, and other decorations of honour, conferred by the authority of our own Sovereign : but a brief account will be added of the chief of the Orders conferred by the Sove- reign of each of the principal European States.
The Most Noble Order of the Garter, the first, the most esteemed, and most ancient of all the existing Orders of secular Knighthood, was instituted by King EDWARD III. The exact date is uncertain. Froissart, who was almost contemporary, says the institution took place in 1344; but it is probable that the Garter and its motto were originally designed merely as a livery collar, or personal ornament to be worn, according to the custom of the time, at jousts and other festivals. No notice of the issue of this device appears in the Accounts of the Royal Wardrobe before 1346. But vestments embroidered with the Garter and motto had been delivered for the use of the King, and of persons who were not after^vards included among the members of the Order, at Christmas festivities held at Guildford in 1347, and at tournaments held at Bury, Windsor, Lichfield, and Eltham in that year. Twelve blue Garters with the motto were provided for the Eltham jousts.
The actual institution of the Order of the Garter as a permanent knightly association probably took place be-
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tween24th June,and the foundation of St George's Chapel, 6th August, 1348. The story given by POLYDORE Vergil, which associates its foundation, and the adoption of its distinctive badge with the founder's asserted passion for the wife of William Montacute, Earl of Sahsbury, is little worthy of serious attention. Mr Beltz thinks "the Garter may have been adopted as an emblem of the tie, or union, of warlike qualities to be employed in the assertion of the founder's claim to the French crown ; and the motto as a retort of shame and defiance upon him who should think ill of the enterprise." {Memorials of the Order of the Garter),
The Order, which from the first consisted of the Sovereign, the Prince of Wales, and twenty-four Knights, was in 1786 enlarged to admit in addition to these such lineal descendants of King GEORGE III. as -might from time to time be elected. In 1805 this privilege was extended to the lineal descendants of King GEORGE II.; and in 1831 it was decreed that thenceforth the Order should consist of the Sovereign, and twenty-five Knights- Companions, together with such lineal descendants of King George I. as had been, or might thereafter be, elected. Special statutes also provide for the admission of foreign princes ; and occasionally extra-Knights have been appointed by special statutes, and absorbed into the number of regular Knights as vacancies occurred in the Order.
The Insignia consist of the Garter; the Collar and St. George ; the Star ; and the Ribbon and Badge, or lesser George.
The Garter, which was originally of embroidered cloth or silk, is now of dark blue velvet, edged and buckled with gold, and bears in letters of gold the motto — " Honi soit qui mat y penser (Dishonoured be he that thinks ill of it.) Occasionally diamonds are used instead of gold. The Garter is buckled below the left
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knee. Female Sovereigns wear it upon the left arm above the elbow.
The Collar consists of twenty-six pieces, composed alternately of golden love-knots, and of buckled garters enamelled with the motto, and enclosing roses ; these were originally all red, but later were made to consist of red roses charged with white ones, alternating with white roses charged with red. From the central link depends the Badge, or George ; a golden figure enamelled, or set with jewels, representing St. George, the patron Saint of the realm, transfixing with his lance an over- thrown dragon.
The STAR,added to the Insignia by Charles I. in 1629, consists of eight silver or diamond rays, in the centre of which is placed the circular buckled garter and motto, enclosing on a field of white enamel the red cross of St. George. The Star is worn on the left breast.
When the Collar and George are not used, the Badge, or lesser George : — a figure of the saint vanquishing the dragon, chased in gold on an oval of blue enamel, and surrounded by a golden garter — is now worn from the broad blue ribbon of the Order en dcharpe at the right side, the ribbon passing over the left shoulder. Originally, as in the case of all Ancient Orders of Knighthood, the Badge was suspended from a ribbon round the neck. The change in the mode of wearing the ribbon was probably made in the reign of CHARLES I., whose portraits by VANDYKE show that he wore the ribbon and lesser George in both ways. The oft-repeated story which connects the present mode with a natural son of Charles II., is therefore inexact. In 1521 the lesser George was directed to be worn attached to a gold chain or ribbon round the neck. The colour of the ribbon was optional, but was usually black. In 1623 it was ordered that the Knights should use only the ribbon, and that of blue. Its shade was
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originally light, or cerulean, and the exact time of the change to the present deeper shade of mazarin, or garter blue is not known. Probably this took place about 1745, and was adopted to distinguish the Knights created by the Sovereigns of the House of Hanover from those on whom the Order was conferred by the Stuart Princes.
The officers of the Order are the Prelate: — the Bishop of Winchester ; the Chancellor : — the Bishop of Oxford (formerly the Bishop of Salisbury, the office being attached to the see in which the Chapel of St. George is situated); the Registrar (usually the Dean of Windsor); Garter, Principal King of Arms ; and the Usher of the Black Rod. Each officer has a special Badge worn from the ribbon ; or, less usually, from a gold chain on the breast.
The habit of the Order consists of a crimson velvet surcoat ; a mantle of deep blue velvet, lined with white taffeta, fastened by cordons of blue and gold, and bearing on the left shoulder the shield of St. George within the garter. This mantle was originally powdered with garters, and in times of mourning was of black. The colour of the surtout varied from year to year; blue, scarlet, sanguine in grain, white, and black, having all been used. The hood is of crimson velvet. The hat of black velvet, is plumed with white ostrich feathers and an aigrette of herons' feathers, and is ornamented with a diamond black buckle.
The arms of the Knights are affixed to their stalls in St. George's Chapel at Windsor (the shield is always surrounded by the buckled garter and motto). Above each stall is placed the Knight's crested-helm and sword, and a square banner emblazoned with his arms.
The Most Ancient, and Most Noble Order OF THE Thistle. The origin of this Order is assigned by tradition to a King ACHAIUS, who is said to have been
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contemporary with CHARLEMAGNE. The whole story is an absurdity.
James V., is represented with a collar of thistles on his gold Bonnet pieces of 1 539 ; and, in Sir David Lindsay's Register of 1542, the Royal Arms are surrounded by a collar of thistles with an oval badge. But these were only " livery collars " at most ; and if, as is said, James meditated the formation of a regular National Order with these symbols he certainly never instituted it. The Order was nominally "restored" but really founded in May 1687 by J AMES II. (VII. of Scotland), though his patent for the "restoration" never passed the Great Seal. It was founded for the Sovereign and twelve knights. It then fell into desuetude until 1703 when Queen Anne formally revived it. The Order was extended in 1 827, and as now constituted consists of the Sovereign, Princes of the Blood Royal, and sixteen Knights, usually members of the Peerage, there has only been one exception to this rule.
The Badge of the Order is the figure of St. Andrew, the patron saint of Scotland, habited in a purple surcoat and a green mantle; standing behind, and supporting, the cross saltire, the reputed instrument of his martyrdom, the whole irradiated with golden rays. This is worn pendant from a golden collar of sixteen enamelled thistles which alternate with saltires, each formed of four interlaced sprigs of rue. The Badge, enclosed by an oval motto - band of gold charged with the motto " Nemo me impune lacessitl' is also worn pendant from a broad dark green ribbon en Miarpe over the left shoulder to the right side. This ribbon was originally blue, but Queen Anne changed it to dark green. The Star, worn on the left breast is of a lozenge shape, and is formed by a silver St. Andrew's Cross, with rays between its arms. The circular centre is of gold, charged with a thistle ena- melled proper, and surrounded by a motto-band of green
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enamel, bearing the motto. The Knights of the Order place this motto-band, as well as the Collar of the Order, around their shields of arms. The Officers of the Order are the Dean (of the Royal Chapels in Scotland), the Secretary, the Lyon King of Arms, and the Gentle- man-Usher of the Green Rod ; who have special Badges worn on the breast.
The Most Illustrious Order of St. Patrick.
The National Order of Ireland was instituted in 1783 by King George III., for the Sovereign and fifteen knights. The Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland is the Grand-Master, and wears its insignia even after the termination of his Vice-Royalty, by the appointment of William IV., who also in 1833 raised the number of Knights to twenty-two. The Badge consists of the " Cross of S. Patrick," a saltirc gules, surmounted by a green shamrock, on each of the leaves a golden Imperial Crown. This Badge is sur- rounded b)' an oval motto-band of light blue enamel which bears the motto " Quis separabitl' and the date 1783, in golden characters. Around the whole is an oval ring of gold charged with shamrocks in green enamel. The Badge is suspended from the collar on days of high ceremonial, but on less important occasions is worn attached to the broad ribbon of light blue silk en Mtarpe^ over the right shoulder to the left side.
The Collar is composed of golden harps connected by love-knots to circular plates of gold, which are ena- melled with wreaths of shamrock surrounding the " Union Rose," of alternate colours, as in the Collar of the Garter. The central link, which supports the pendant Badge, is a large golden harp, surmounted by the Imperial Crown.
The Star, worn on the left side, is of eight silver rays. Its circular centre of white enamel is charged with the red cross-saltire of St. Patrick, and on it the trefoil, and is surrounded by the motto-band of blue enamel.
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The Knights of the Order place the motto-band around the shield, with or without the Collar. The mantle of the Order is of sky-blue poplin lined with white taffeta, and bears on the left side the star of the Order. The officers were formerly the Prelate (the Lord- Archbishop of Armagh, Primate of all Ireland); the Chancellor (the Lord-Archbishop of Dublin, Primate of Ireland) ; the Registrar (the Dean of S. Patrick's Cathedral in which are the stalls and insignia of the Knights) ; Ulster King of Arms ; the Secretary, and the Genealogist. All the above have distinctive badges which are worn on the breast with the ribbon of the Order. Since the disestablishment of the Irish Church the Ecclesiastical Offices of Prelate and Registrar have been discontinued ; and the Office of Chancellor is now Attached to the post of Chief-Secretary for Ireland.
The Most Honourable Order of the Bath was instituted by King GEORGE I. in 1725. In ancient times it was customary to create a number of knights on the occasion of a coronation, or other important ceremony of state ; these were called Knights of the Bath from the symbolical act of bathing which was one of the ancient ceremonies attending admission to the knightly dignity. The earliest recorded instance of this creation is that at the coronation of HENRY IV. At the coronatioji of Charles II. no less than sixty-eight knights were thus created. These last are said to have worn suspended from a red ribbon at the neck, the badge of three crowns, with the motto " Tria juncta in uno^' referring to the Union of the Crowns of England, Scotland, and Ireland. But after this coronation the custom fell into abeyance.
In 1725 George I. created a new Order of the Bath, to consist of the Sovereign, a Grand-Master, thirty-six Knights, and sundry officers. Though there was no real connection between this Order and the old Knighthood of the Bath, there was a provision in the statutes that the
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old ceremonies should be observed. As a matter of fact they were always dispensed with. In 1 8 1 5 at the close of the great European War, the Order was greatly extended ; and its present division into Grand-Crosses, Knights- Commanders, and Companions was adopted. In 1847 a further extension was made, and the members divided into the two classes, Military and Civil, which still exist. Further enlargements were made in 1859, and the Order assumed its present state. It consists of fifty Grand- Crosses, nominated for military services by land or sea ; and twenty-five for diplomatic or civil services. The Knights-Commanders number a hundred and twenty- three for military, and sixty for civil services. The Companions are in number six hundred and ninety for military, and two hundred for civil services. These numbers are exclusive of the Princes of the Blood Royal ; of foreign Princes, and of such foreigners as are admitted as honorary members of the Order.
The Insignia are the Badge, the Ribbon, the Collar and the Star.
The Badge of members of the military division is a gold Maltese-cross enamelled white, each of its eight points ending in a little golden ball. Its circular centre bears the badges of the United-Kingdoms, the Rose, Thistle, and Shamrock, issuing from a golden sceptre in pale, between three Imperial Crowns ; one in chief, the others in the flanks. This circular centre is surrounded by a motto-band of red enamel, with its motto in gold : " Tria juncta in unol' and next by a wreath of two laurel branches connected in base by a small blue escroll with the golden words " Ich dienr Between the arms of the cross are four golden lions of England. Except on "collar days," this badge is worn from a red ribbon en Miarpe from right to left by the Grand- Crosses ; at all times from a narrower ribbon at the neck by the Knights-Commanders ; and from a
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smaller ribbon, fastened by a gold buckle to the left breast, by Companions.
The Badge of Members 6f the Civil Division is the old badge of the Order: an oval gold medal, bearing the sceptre, floral badges, and crowns as above, enclosed by a motto- band with the words " Triajuncta in uno;'' and is worn, with the variations already described, by the members of the three classes.
The Star, worn on the left breast by Military Knights- Commanders, is a cross-paUe of silver rays; on its centre are three Imperial crowns of gold (i and 2) surrounded by the motto on its band of red enamel, and by the laurel leaves with their escroll. On the Star of Knights-Commanders of the Civil Division the laurel leaves and escroll are omitted.
The Star of Military Grand-Crosses is of eight points, composed of silver wavy rays, thereon a gold Maltese- cross ; on the white circular centre are the three golden crowns within the red motto- band, laurel wreath,etc. Civil Grand-Crosses omit the cross-patee and the laurel wreath. Both divisions, on 'grand occasions, append their badges to a Collar composed of nine gold crowns, and eight links composed of golden sceptres between the enamelled floral badges of the United Kingdom, all connected by ' seventeen love-knots of gold and white enamel.
The Most Exalted Order of the Star of India was instituted by Her Majesty Queen Victoria, 23rd February 186 1, to reward loyalty and merit among the princes and chiefs of Her Indian Empire, and among those British subjects who occupied its highest military and civil offices under the Crown.
As originally founded it consisted of the Sovereign ; a Grand-Master (the Governor-General of India for the time being), and a single class of twenty-five Knights ; besides such Honorary Knights, Princes of the Royal House, and others, as it might seem good to the Sove-
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reign to appoint. Its Insignia were those which will hereafter be described as used by the Grand-Commanders. In 1866 the Order was enlarged by the institution of two additional classes so that it consisted of the Sovereign ; the Grand-Master; the twenty-five Knights styled Grand- Commanders (G.C.S.I.) ; fifty Knights-Commanders (K.C.S.I.) ; and one hundred Companions (C.S.I.), besides extra members. Other alterations were made in 1875 and the following year, and as now constituted the Order consists of the Sovereign ; the Grand Master (the Governor-General) ; thirty Grand-Commanders (of whom eighteen are native princes, and twelve Europeans) ; seventy-two Knights-Commanders ; and one hundred and forty-four Companions. These numbers are exclusive of Extra and Honorary Knights-Grand-Commanders, as above ; and it is understood that the Governor-General of India at the cessation of his Vice-Royalty becomes an extra member until absorbed into the regular number on the occasion of a vacancy.
The Original Badge, now worn by the Knights- Grand-Commanders, consists of an oval medallion of onyx cameo cut with a crowned bust of the Sovereign in profile. This is encircled by a motto-band of light y blue enamel set with the motto " Heavetis light our guide" • in gold and diamonds. The medallion is surmounted ' by a mullet, or five-pointed star of brilliants, to which is fastened the loop or ring by which the Badge is suspended from the collar, or ribbon.
The Collar of gold is composed of five united red and white roses, and six flowers of the Indian lotus, separated by ten links, each of two palm branches in saltire tied together by the stems. The central link from which the badge depends is the Imperial Crown ; all the devices are linked together by gold chains, and are severally enamelled of their proper colours.
The Ribbon, worn en Miarpe from the right shoulder
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to the left side, is of sky blue, with a white stripe near either edge.
The Star consists of fifty-two wavy rays of gold, alternately longer and shorter, arranged in a circle. The centre consists of a circular motto-band of light blue enamel (the ends tied) bearing the motto, and upon this is placed the five-pointed star, all in brilliants.
The Mantle of the Order is of light blue satin, lined with white silk, bearing on the left side a representation of the Star of the Order, and fastened at the neck with cordons and tassels of light blue silk and silver bullion.
TheKNiGHTS-COMMANDERSweartheBadgesuspended from its ribbon round the neck ; and have on their left side a silver star composed of wavy rays. In the centre of gold is the five-pointed star of silver, within the blue motto-band.
Companions of the Order wear the Badge on the left breast suspended by a narrower ribbon.
The Officers of the Order are the Registrar, and the Secretary, who is the Foreign Secretary for the time being to the Government of India.
The Most Distinguished Order of S. Michael
and S. George was founded in the year 1818, for natives of the Ionian Islands, Malta, and its dependencies, and others holding high positions in the Mediterranean. It originally consisted of the Sovereign, the Grand Master, twenty Knights Grand-Crosses, twenty Knights-Com- manders, and twenty-five Cavalierly or Companions, who were to rank immediately after members of the corres- ponding ranks in the Order of the Star of India. On 4th December 1868, it was extended with the design of making it an Order of Merit for the British Colonies in general, and was to consist of twenty-five Grand-Crosses, sixty Knights-Commanders, and a hundred Companions; besides the Sovereign, the Grand-Master, the Secretary, the King of Arms, the Registrar, and an Officer of
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Arms. On 30th May 1877, the numbers of the Grand Crosses was raised to thirty-five, and the others were doubled. The numbers were to be exclusive of Princes of the Blood- Royal, Foreign Princes, and other Honorary Members. . The Order was further extended on 6th May 1879, when the number of the Grand-Crosses was raised to fifty, that of the Knight-Commanders to one hundred and fifty, and the Companions to two hundred and sixty. The last augmentation of which I am aware took place 19th May 1887, and the numbers of the three classes now stand at sixty-five, two hundred, and three hundred and forty-two. (The last revision of the Statutes was in December 1891.) The members rank immediately after those of the corresponding classes of the Order of the Star of India. A colonial Bishop is appointed to the office of Prelate of the Order, the other Officers being the Grand-Master, the Chancellor, the Secretary, the King of Arms, the Registrar, and the Officer of Arms.
The Badge of the Order, worn of different sizes by the members of the different classes, is a gold cross of four- teen points (in seven rays), having a circular centre of blue enamel, within a motto-band of the same colour bearing the motto '' Auspicium melioris yEvi!' On the obverse the circular centre bears a representation of the Arch- angel Michael trampling under foot the Enemy of Mankind ; on the reverse is represented the mounted figure of S. George transfixing the Dragon. The Im- perial Crown surmounts the Cross, and attaches it to the Collar, or to the Grand-Cordon of the Order.
The Collar consists of six golden crowned lions of England ; of eight Maltese-crosses enamelled white ; and of eight golden cyphers, four of the letters SM., and as many of the letters SG. ; the central link, both at the front and at the back, consists of two of the winged lions of S. Mark, facing each other, each holding the book of the gospel, and a sheaf of seven arrows.
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The Ribbon is of three equal stripes, two of Saxon blue, the centre one of scarlet : it is worn en Miarpe (with the attached Badge) from the right shoulder to the left hip.
The Star of the Grand-Crosses is of the general shape of the badge, and consists of seven rays, each composed . of as many smaller ones of silver, the intervals are filled with small rays of gold. On this ground is placed the Cross of S. George in red enamel ; and this again is sur- mounted by the centre of the obverse of the badge, with the representation of S. Michael, enclosed in the blue motto-band.
By the Knights-Commanders the Badge is worn of smaller size, and from a narrower ribbon round the neck. They have also a Star of four silver rays in the general shape of a cvoss-patee. The intervals contain a Maltese Cross in saltire, also of silver ; upon this is placed the red cross of S. George, and the centre of the Badge as in the higher class. By Companions, the Badge of still smaller size is worn on the left breast by a narrower ribbon.
The Mantle of the Grand-Crosses is of Saxon blue satin, lined with crimson silk, having on the left side the star, and fastened by cordons of blue and scarlet silk with gold bullion.
The withdrawal of the British Protectorate from the Ionian Isles, and the extension and application of the Order as a Colonial distinction, have rendered the Insignia no longer appropriate to this latter purpose, and a change which would make them more fitting to the present circumstances of the Order is certainly desirable. The seven rays of the Cross : the use of the Sept-insular lion (indicative of long past Venetian rule), and especially the motto: '' Auspicium melioris ^vi'' have lost whatever appropriateness they might have had when the seven Ionian Isles were made subject to the British Crown.
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The Most Eminent Order of the Indian Empire was instituted ist January 1878, to commemorate the assumption of the title of Empress of India, by Her Majesty the Queen ; and in reward of services rendered by natives or Europeans to her Empire. Originally it consisted of but one class, with the Empress as Sovereign, and the Viceroy as Grand-Master. Its Badge, worn with the usual differences of size and position by members of the various classes, is a golden heraldic rose enamelled red, with green barbs between the five petals. The centre of gold bears the likeness of the Sovereign in profile, surrounded by a circular band of purple enamel bearing the golden words, Victoria Iviperatrix, One of the five letters composing the word India appears in gold upon each petal. An Imperial Crown surmounts the whole. The Ribbon is of purple.
The Collar is composed of elephants, lotus-flowers, peacocks displayed, and Indian roses, all enamelled on gold in their proper colours. The central link, from which the badge depends, is an Imperial Crown. The star is of ten points, consisting of five groups, each of nine silver scaled rays ; the groups being separated by smaller groups each of three golden rays. In the circular centre, which is surrounded by motto-band of purple with the words, ^^ Imperatricis Auspiciisl' and surrounded by an Imperial Crown, is the crowned bust of the Queen-Empress.
The Star of the Knight-Commanders is similar, but is entirely of silver. The members of the Order rank next after the corresponding ranks of the Order of SS. Michael and George.
The Royal Order of Victoria and Albert was
instituted loth February 1862, the anniversary of Her Majesty's marriage, as a private or family Order. It was extended in 1864, 1865, and 1880, and now consists of four classes. The first includes the Sovereign's nearest
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female relatives — her daughters, daughters-in-law, the daughters of the Prince of Wales — and Foreign Sovereigns. The second class includes Her Majesty's junior grand-daughters.
The third is for Peeresses who have held high office at Court, or are personal friends of the Sovereign.
The fourth is for ladies who have served Her Majesty as Maids of Honour, Bed-chamber Women, etc.
The decoration is an oval medallion, on which are sculptured, in profile, the heads of Her Majesty and the late Prince Consort. This oval is enclosed by a double border of brilliants, the external outline in the case of the first being slightly broken seven times by a square projection containing a larger gem. The Badge is sur- mounted by an Imperial Crown ; this, and the loop by which it is attached to a bow of moir^ watered white ribbon, are of brilliants. The Badge is worn at or near the left shoulder by all classes. The Badge of the Second Class is similar, but somewhat smaller ; and the central medallion is enclosed by an oval border com- posed of a single row of diamonds.
The Badge of the Third Class is also oval and crowned. The centre contains the heads of Queen VICTORIA and Prince Albert as above. The oval bordure of twenty pearls set in gold is interrupted in four places by a small square projection, set with a diamond.
The Badge of the Fourth Class is the jewelled cypher V. and A. beneath an Imperial Crown.
The possession of the Order confers no special pre- cedence.
The only Officer is the Registrar.
The Imperial Order of the Crown of India was instituted by Her Majesty Queen Victoria, ist January 1878, to commemorate her assumption of the title of Empress of India. It consists of a single class, which includes such Princesses of the Royal House as it
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pleases her Majesty to honour therewith ; the wives of some Indian Princes, and the wives (or near female relatives presiding over the households) of the Viceroy of India, of the Governors of the Presidencies, and the wife of the Secretary of State for India.
The Badge consists of an oval medallion, on which appears the cypher V.R.I., respectively in diamonds, pearls, and turquoises. A border set with pearls encloses themedallion,and the whole is surmounted bythe Imperial Crown, enamelled with its proper colours. The bow of ribbon, by which the badge is worn on the left shoulder, is of light blue watered silk with a narrow white edging.
The Distinguished Service Order was instituted
9th November 1886, to reward persons holding Her Majesty's commission, who have been mentioned by name in the despatches of the Admirals, or Commanders- in-Chief, as having rendered meritorious or distinguished services in the field, or in the operations against the enemy. The Order ranks after the Order of the Indian Empire.
The Badge of the Order is a gold cross, enamelled white, and its shape may be roughly defined as a cross- patei with circular bounding lines. In the centre of the obverse is the Imperial Crown proper, on a red ground, within a wreath of green laurel ; on the reverse the cypher V.R.I. is substituted for the crown. The ribbon is of red, edged with blue, the central stripe being twice the width of either of the exterior ones. The Badge is suspended from a bar of gold.
The Military Order of Merit for British
India was instituted in 1837, for the reward of bravery and faithful service rendered by the Commissioned Officers of the Native Army. It consists of an eight- pointed star of golden rays. In the circular centre, on a ground of blue enamel, is a golden lion passant gardant, surrounded by a similar motto-band inscribed " Order of
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British India,'' and by a wreath of laurel. A higher class has an Imperial Crown on the highest ray of the star.
The Badge is worn appended to a crimson ribbon. Eight-pointed star medals in gold and silver, having the enamelled centre charged with crossed swords, surrounded by a motto-band bearing the words " Reward of Valour,' within a golden laurel wreath, are also conferred on non-commissioned officers and privates for distinguished service in time of war.
Besides these regular Orders, a variety of decorations are conferred in reward for special services, and which, like some already mentioned, confer no special rank or precedence. These are : — The ROYAL Red Cross ; the Victoria Cross for valour ; the Albert Medal for
special acts of gallantry in saving life by sea or land ;
and the Volunteer Officers' Decoration for long
service.
The Royal Red Cross, is a decoration instituted 23rd April 1883, for the purpose of rewarding ladies of any nationality who have shown special devotion in nursing sick and wounded soldiers or sailors in Her Majesty's Ser\'ice. The decoration is worn by Her Majesty herself, and is also conferred by her on such of the Royal Princesses as she chooses to appoint. The badge is a gold cross enamelled red. The four arms bear respectively the words " Faith," " Hope," "Charity," and the date of institution. In the centre of the obverse is the representation of Her Majesty the Queen in profile. On the reverse the Royal Cypher, V.R.I, beneath an Imperial Crown, is substituted for it.
The badge is worn on or near the left shoulder^ attached to a bow of dark blue ribbon having red edges.
The Victoria Cross was instituted in 1856, by Her Majesty Queen Victoria to reward eminent personal
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valour in the field. The warrant of institution describes it as a "Maltese" cross of bronze, charged with the Royal Crest of the crowned lion statant-gardant on the Imperial Crown ; and with an escroll on which are the words '^for valour," The badge, however, is not a Maltese-cross but a plain cross-patei with straight bounding lines. The badge is attached by the letter V to a bronze bar chased with laurel leaves which terminates the ribbon (of red for the Army, and garter blue for the Navy), by which it is attached to the left breast of the wearer. Repeated acts of valour may be rewarded by the addition of bronze bars, if such acts would have won the decoration had it not been previously conferred.
The Albert Medal, for saving life at sea, was instituted by Royal Warrant, 7th March 1866, and consists of two classes. The badge of the first class is a golden oval, enamelled dark blue, and bearing the cypher V.A. entwined with an anchor. This centre is surrounded by a bronze motto- band bearing the words in gold, '* For Gallantry in Saving Life at Sea'' The badge is surmounted by the crown of the late Prince Consort.
The badge of the second class is of bronze, instead of gold, enamelled blue as above. The ribbon is of blue, with four white stripes for the first class ; of smaller size and with only two white stripes for the second.
In 1877, the decoration was extended so as to reward acts of bravery on land. In this case the anchor is omitted, and the inscription on the motto-band reads ''For Gallantry in Saving Life on Land'' This decoration has two classes which are distinguished as in the former case. The ribbon, is of crimson, with a similar arrangement of white stripes to that recorded in the previous example.
The Volunteer Officers' Decoration, in- stituted in 1892, is conferred after twenty }ears service and consists of an oval medal of pierced silver, containing
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the golden letters V.R., in cypher beneath the Imperial crown of gold, surrounded by an oval wreath of oak leaves and acorns. The ribbon is of peacock green. The bar is of silver chased with oak leaves.
The Order of St. John of Jerusalem in England. On the petition of H.R.H. the Prince of Wales, and the other members of the English Grand Priory of the Order of S. John of Jerusalem, Her MajestyQueen VICTORIA was graciously pleased to revive it by Royal Charter under her own Sovereignty, 14th May 1888, and to determine the Statutes regulating the grades of Members of the Order, the qualifications for admission to it, as well as the objects and purposes of the Order.
Section 4 of the Charter is as follows : — " We declare and ordain that the said Statutes shall be the Statutes of the Order subject as hereinafter mentioned. And We declare and ordain that the said Statutes numbered i, 2, 3 and 4, declaring the style of the Order and that We are the Head and Patron thereof, and the grades of members, and the objects and purposes of the Order, and the general qualification of members thereof, shall not be altered otherwise than by Our further Charter in that behalf; but that others of the said Statutes may be altered and amended by a Chapter-General of the Order with the 'personal consent of the Grand-Prior (if he be present, or otherwise with his consent in writing), and the approval in writing of Our Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain."
By the second of the Statutes referred to, besides the declaration of the Queen's Office as Sovereign Head, it is determined that the Grand-Priory " shall include the following grades of members, namely : a Grand-Prior (H.R.H., the Prince of Wales) ; a Sub-Prior (H.R.H., the Duke of York) ; a titular 'Bailiff of Egle' (H.R.H., the Duke of Conn aught); Honorary Bailiffs, Com-
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manders, Honorary Commanders, Knights of Justice, Ladies of Justice, Prelates, Chaplains, Knights of Grace, Ladies of Grace, Esquires, Serving-Brothers and Sisters." It also provides for the addition of other j)ersons (but not as members) as Honorary-Associates. Other Statutes determine the genealogical and other qualifications for admission to the Order (every name requiring the personal approval and sanction of the Sovereign) ; and also regulate the Insignia of the Order.
The Badge of Members is the time-honoured eight- pointed, or Maltese, Cross enamelled white, and embel- lished alternately at each of its principal angles with a lion gardant, or an unicorn, both passant, of gold or silver according to the grade. The Crosses of members of the Superior Classes are of gold and enamel ; those of Knights and Ladies of Grace (that is, of those who have not complied with the stipulated genealogical or other qualifications for admission to the higher class) are of silver and enamel. The crosses of the Esquires are also of enamelled silver. The ribbon is the ancient one of black watered silk ; and by it the Cross is suspended at the neck by the male members ; by the Ladies it is worn from a bow on the right shoulder ; by Esquires upon the left breast. The Badges of the Sovereign, of the Grand-Prior, and of H.R.H. the Princess of WALES, are surmounted by an Imperial Crown. The Knights may also wear on the left breast a star resembling their special badge. Honorary-Associates wear pendant on the left breast a badge resembling the Cross of the Esquires but of silver only, without enamel. By Her Majesty's command the permission given to the members and associates to wear the Insignia of the Order on all occasions was duly notified by the Lord-Chamberlain in the London Gazette of March I2th, 1889.
The Grand-Priory of the Order in England has thus
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been placed by Royal Authority in a similar position to that held by the Order of St. John in the German Empire, the statutes of the latter being taken in the main as the model for those sanctioned by Her Majesty the Queen. The Order of S. John was the most ancient and venerable of the semi-military, semi-religious Orders which came into existence during the Crusades ; and which were really the originals of all subsequent Orders of Knighthood. The Order of S. JOHN was founded about the year 1023 by some merchants of Amalfi, for the protection and support of the weak and sick among the pilgrim's to the Holy Land. Seventy years later this humble foundation was enlarged by its rector Pierre Gerard ; and, on the conquest of Jerusalem by Godfrey, its admirable work for the sick and wounded was recog- nised by the King who gave it its first endowment. Gerard formed hisassistants into a regular religious body with monastic obligations, and Pope PASCHAL H. gave the Order his sanction by Papal Bull in 11 13. Under Gerard's successor Raymond du Puy, the military side of the Order was developed, and to the usual monastic obligations was added the further one of bearing arms in defence of the Faith. The Order rapidly increased in wealth and importance, having ever-increasing endow- ments in all parts of Europe, while members of the noblest families sought (and alone found) admission to its ranks. Eventually its members were divided under the Grand-Master into seven nations, or " Langues : " Provence, Auvergne, France, Italy, Arragon, England, and Germany (Castile was a later addition). Each of the Langues was composed of one or more Grand Priories. After the loss of the Holy Land, the Order was settled at Rhodes ; and on its expulsion from that island, received from the Emperorthe island of Malta, from which theOrder took its later and better known designation. In England, the Grand-Priory of the Order of S. John shared the fate
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of other wealthy ecclesiastical establishments, being sup- pressed and despoiled by Henry VIII. Queen Mary revived it, but did not restore its possessions. Queen Elizabeth despoiled it of its small remaining lands, but did not again decree its suppression. In Malta itself the English Langue was formally continued, but the loss of its possessions, and the changes in religion naturally reduced the number and importance of its members. On the capture of Malta by the French in 1798, the Order was broken up into fragments. A considerable number of the Knights, hoping that by Russian influence they might obtain the restoration of Malta, or some other island, as a clief'lieu^ placed themselves under the protection of the Emperor PAUL of Russia; and on the abdication of VON HOMPESCH, the last regular Grand-Master, they elected the Emperor (though a married man, and a "schismatic" in the eyes of the Roman Church) to that position !
In 1 80 1 on the death of Paul, who had created a Russian Grand-Priory for his subjects of the Greek Church, a number of the refugee knights (who could no longer entertain a hope of restoration to Malta by Russian influence), determined (in defiance of the provisions of the original Papal Bull) to put the nomination to the Grand- Mastership into the hands of the Pope, and by him a Grand-Master was appointed in 1802. After many vicissitudes this portion of the Order (which has the allegiance of the Italian, and Austrian Roman-Catholic Knights) has its settled head-quarters in the Priorato on the Aventine at Rome, and exclusively enjoys the Papal favour. In 1827 a majority (five out of eight) of the other Langues of the Order who had retained their independence, consented to a revival of the Order in England, subject lo the needful modifications with regard to religion, but retaining the original objects of the Order in the care of the sick in times of peace, and the relief of the sick and wounded in war. This restoration was
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eventually disavowed by the Italian minority which had submitted to Papal domination. Both the authority of the revivers, and the regularity of their action, were denied with ever-increasing vehemence, as the revived English Langue increased in material prosperity and in the exercise of those good works for which the old Order was founded, but which the Italian Langue had hardly attempted to imitate. All questions of the right of the See of Rome to control the Order ; and of the regularity or irregularity of the "succession" of the English branch have, however, now been happily set at rest by the Royal action. Without reference to the past, the Sovereign, the sole fountain of honour within these realms, has accepted the Order as existing, and has given to it that Royal sanction and due authority which is beyond all cavil or question ; consequently (as already stated) the English Grand-Priory now occupies a position of honour and of ever-increasing usefulness almost exactly similar to that enjoyed by the Order of.S. John in the German Empire. There, the Bailiwick of Brandenburg was formed in the fourteenth century. After the dissolution of the Order of the Knights-Templars, its possessions (as in other countries j, mainly fell to the Order of S. JOHN. In 1319 the Grand- Prior of Germany asserted the independence of his Grand-Priory, which included sixty-seven commanderies, and this continued to exist until 1803, when its possessions (except in Austria, Bohemia, etc.,) were incorporated in the surrounding principalities. The Bailiwick of Brandenburg was independent alike of the German Grand-Prior, and of the Grand-Master of the Order at Rhodes, or Malta (though the appointment of the Bailli of Brandenburg usually received the con- firmation of the Grand-Prior of Germany) ; but in process of time the Markgrave of Brandenburg became the territorial chief of the Bailiwick. The Bailiwick, though
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strongly Protestant, still kept up some relations with the main Order, and even paid certain sums of money from time to time as " responsions " to the Treasury of the Order. In 1810 the Commandery was abolished by Royal decree, and all its possessions incorporated with the crown domains. The last shred of connection with, or dependence on the Maltese Order was thus destroyed ; and in 1812 King Frederick William of Prussia founded a new Royal Order of S. John ; and declared the total dissolution and extinction of the old Bailiwick. In 1852 King FREDERICK IV. restored the Bailiwick of Brandenburg, notwithstanding the sequestration of its property in 18 10, and with the Emperor as Sovereign, and a Prince of the Royal House as " Herren Meister," it occupies a like position of honour and usefulness in the German States to that held in England by the Grand-Priory of the Order of S. JOHN.
The Badge of the KNIGHTS OF Justice {Rechts- Ritterti) is a gold Maltese Cross enamelled white, having in each of the principal angles a golden eagle displayed (crowned).
The Badge of the Knights of Grace {Ehren-Rittern) has the eagles in black enamel.
Prussia. — Order of the Black Eagle. This, the first of the Prussian Orders, was instituted by Frederick I., 17th January 1701, to commemorate his coronation. It consists of a single class. The original number of Knights was fixed at thirty, exclusive of the Princes of the Royal House, but the number is now unlimited.
The Badge is a gold Maltese Cross, enamelled blue, and having a crowned black eagle displayed in each of the principal angles. The circular centre of gold bears the cypher F.R. within a white motto-band charged with the words " Suum cuiquel' and two sprigs of laurel.
The ribbon, worn en Miarpe, is of orange watered silk, but in uniform the cross is often worn at the neck.
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The Star is of eight points of silver. Its circular centre of gold bears a black eagle — within the motto- band as above.
Russia. — The Order of S. Andrew, the first of the
Imperial Orders, was instituted by the Tsar Peter THE Great, in 1698, on S. Andrew's Day, 30th November, Old Style (12th December, New Style). It consists of a single class ; the members of which also become entitled to wear the insignia of the first class of the other Russian Orders. Its Badge is an enamelled figure of S. Andrew, extended upon an azure saltire, on the extremities of which are the four letters S. A. P. R. {Sanctus Andreas Protector Regni), The saltire is placed upon the double-headed Russian eagle displayed, crowned, and enamelled in its proper colours. A larger Imperial Crown surmounts the whole Badge, which is suspended from the grand-cordon of light blue ribbon worn en Miarpe.
The Star is of eight silver rays, and bears on its circular centre of gold the Russian Eagle, within a light blue motto-band charged with the Russian words equivalent to " For Faith and Fidelity'*
Denmark. — The Order of the Elephant. This Order, which, on account of the infrequency of its bestowal, is accounted to rank among the first group of European Orders, was really founded by CHRISTIAN V. in 1693. Christian I. two centuries before had founded a Confra- ternity in honour of the Blessed Virgin Mary. This was the nucleus of the new Order, whose Badge was adopted at the time when Denmark was hoping to be a great power in the far East. The number of Knights is thirty, exclusive of Foreign Sovereigns and Princes of the Blood.
This Badge consists of an elephant of white enamel passant to the sinister. It has golden tusks, and supports a red castle. The housings are of azure, and are set with five diamonds in the form of a cross. A negro sits
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upon its neck. The Badge is attached to a grand-cordon of light blue watered silk. It is now worn en Miarpe^ but, like all other ancient Orders, was originally sus- pended from a ribbon worn round the neck.
The Star of the Order is of eight silver points. Around the circular centre is a wreath of laurel in silver, enclosing a red field bearing a Latin cross of brilliants.
Sweden. — The Order of the Seraphim. In its
present form this Order owes its origin to FREDERICK IV., who, in 1748, founded it to replace a more ancient Order, whose origin is uncertain, but which certainly existed in the fourteenth century. It has but one class consisting of thirty-two members, of whom one-fourth may be foreigners. But this number is exclusive of Foreign Sovereigns. The Badge of the Order is an eight-pointed gold cross enamelled white, and having a little ball at each point. On each limb of the cross is a cross-patriarchal of gold,and a golden seraph with expanded wings fills each of the principal angles. The circular centre contains the enamelled arms of Sweden, but between the crowns is placed the sacred monogram, I.H.S., — the central letter ensigned with a Latin cross — beneath it are the Passion nails. The Crown of Sweden surmounts the Badge which is worn from an azure blue ribbon en Mtarpe.
The Star of silver resembles the Badge, but is uncrowned.
After the decease of a Member of the Order, a large plate emblazoned with his full armorial achievement is fixed to the walls of the Riddarholms Kyrka in Stock- holm. A magnificent Libro d'Oro of European nobility is thus in course of construction.
Italy. — The Order of the Annunciation
{Annunziatd) is considered to rank as the third of the first group of Orders ; the Garter and the Golden Fleece being alone held in higher estimation. In its present form it dates from 15 18, when Duke CHARLES III. of
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Savoy reconstructed an Order which was probably founded by Count Amadeus VI. in the middle of the fourteenth century as " The Collar of Savoy,'* or of ** The Love-knots,'' Its Badge is a pierced medallion of gold representing the Annunciation, within a cordon of three lacs (T amour. It is worn at the neck by the Knights (who form a single class, and have the title of Cousin of the King), and is ordinarily suspended from either a sky-blue ribbon, or a simple gold chain around the neck. The Star is of gold, consisting of a rectangular lozenge containing the representation of the Annuncia- tion. The lozenge has on each of its sides one of the letters of the enigmatical motto PERT, and eight groups of golden flames surround the whole.
France. — The Legion of Honour was founded by the Emperor NAPOLEON I., 19th May 1802, and with modifications has survived the various changes in the form of government. As now constituted it consists of five Classes, Grand-Cordons, Grand-Officers, Com- manders, Officers and Knights. The Badge varies in size for the different classes and is of gold for the four higher classes, of silver for the Knights. In all cases it consists of cross, or star, of five double rays (/>., instead of being a Maltese cross of four arms, it has five arms and so forms a ten -pointed cross). The arms are enamelled white, and their points end in little golden balls. This cross is placed on a wreath of two branches, one of laurel, the other of oak, enamelled in proper colours. The circular centre of gold bears the head of Liberty (as on the coinage of the Republic) within a red motto-band bearing the words ** Rt^publique Franqaise^ Above the whole badge is a wreath of oak leaves and laurel enamelled in proper colours, connecting it with the ring by which it is suspended from a red watered ribbon. Under the Empire an Imperial Crown occupied the place of the wreath of oak and laurel, and the head of the Emperor,
VOL. II. 2 B
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was used, with the words ^'NapoUon, Evtpereur,'' on the motto-band. Under the Monarchy the head of Henri IV., and the motto, '' Honneur et Patrie' were substituted, and the surmounting Crown was the Royal one. By Grand- Cordons the Badge is worn from the ribbon en Miarpe, and a silver star resembling in the main the badge, is worn on the left breast. Grand-Officers and Com- manders wear the Badge en sautoir^ />., from a ribbon at the neck, and the former class have also a star on the right breast. Officers and Knights alike wear the Badge by a ribbon on the left breast, or at the button-hole, but the Officers' Cross is of gold, and its ribbon is ornamented with a rosette. The Cross of the Order has of late years been conferred under special circumstances upon about a score of women. The number of the members of the various classes exceeds fifty thousand, but for all that every Frenchman aspires to win the decoration which is supposed to indicate that, in one way or another, he has deserved well of his country.
Belgium. — The Order of Leopold was instituted in 1832, and as modified consists of five classes, Grand- Crosses, Grand-Officers, Commanders, Officers, and Knights. Its Badge is a Maltese cross of gold for the first four classes, of silver for the fifth, enamelled white and having golden balls at the points, placed upon a wreath of branches of oak and laurel. The circular centre contains the Belgian Arms within a red motto- band charged with the words ''L Union fait la forced The Badge is surmounted by a Royal Crown ; military members have two swords in saltire between the cross and the crown. The ribbon is of crimson watered silk, and is worn en ^charpe by the Grand-Crosses, who* also have a silver star enamelled with the centre of the Badge. Grand-Officers wear the badge at the neck, and a plainer star on the breast ; Commanders at the neck without a star. Officers wear the gold cross with a rosette, at the
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buttonhole, or left breast ;• knights, the silver and enamel cross without a rosette.
Netherlands. — Order of William. This Order was founded in 1815 by King WiLLlAM I., and consists of four classes. Its Badge is a gold eight-pointed cross enamelled white, each poirrt ending in a little gold ball. On each arm is one of the words " Voor Moed, Beleid^ Frow'' {i.e, for Courage, Zeal, and Loyalty), in the angles are two green laurel branches arranged in saltire, and at their crossing point in the centre is a golden fusil, derived from the Order of the Golden- Fleece. The Badge is sur- mounted by a Royal Crown, and the ribbon is of orange watered silk with a stripe of Nassau-blue near each edge. The Grand-Crosses have an eight-pointed star of silver scales on the centre of which is the badge in enamel as above described. The Commanders have a smaller star; Officers or Knights of the first class have the rosette. The cross of the Knights of the second class is of silver enamelled.
Portugal.— The Order of the Tower and
Sword. Passing over the semi-military, semi-religious Orders of Christ, Santiago, and St. Bento d'Aviz, the Order of the Tower and Sword is that most generally esteemed. It was founded in 1808 by King John II., but has since undergone various modifi- cations. Its Badge is a five-pointed gold star, enamelled white, with little balls at the points. On its circular centre is a green laurel wreath enfiling a sword, within a blue motto-band charged with the words, " Valor ^ Lealdade e Meritor The Star rests upon a wreath of oak leaves and acorns, enamelled in proper colours, and between the two upper points of the star is a golden tower surmounted by the ring for attachment to the ribbon of dark blue silk. The star of the first of the five classes of the Order is pentagonal in shape, composed of golden rays, on which is laid the badge as already described.
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The Order of the Golden Fleece, which in its
undivided condition used to rank with our own Garter, even now is in the highest estimation. It was instituted by PHILIP II. {le Bon) Duke of BURGUNDY and Count of Flanders, loth January 1429, on the occasion of his marriage with ISABELLA of PORTUGAL, and was to consist of the Duke as Sovereign, and thirty knights. It took its name from the Fleece which is its principal badge, and which was probably assumed in honour of the staple trade of the country in wool. It has also been connected with the mythological story of Jason, and with the biblical narrative of Gideon. Other writers have given explanations of its origin connecting it with a golden-haired mistress of the Prince. Originally the badge was appended to the collar of gold and enamel, consisting of fire-steels and blue flint-stones emitting sparks of fire. But Charles V. allowed the substitution of a red ribbon for the collar, and the ordinary badge worn at the neck now consists of a golden flint-steel, a stone emitting flames,and the pendant fleece. The handles of the fire-steels are in the form of the letter B. After the death of Duke Charles t/ie Bold, at Nancy, his daughter and heiress Marie, espoused Maximilian of Austria. Their son Philippe {le Bel), married Juana, daughter of Ferdinand and Isabella, and thus the Burgundian States, and the Order, became united to the Spanish Monarchy. On the death of King CHARLES II., in 1700, the Emperor Charles VI. claimed the throne of Spain and the Grand Mastership of the Order, and, though unsuccessful, he carried the Archives to Vienna and re- established the Order there. The King of Spain pro- tested, but practically the Order was split into two portions, and is now conferred alike by the Emperor of Austria and the King of Spain with slight variations in the badge. No star is worn, but the full costume of the Order is very magnificent.
CHAPTER XII.
MINOR MATTERS.
In the Middle Ages it was customary for the kings and great nobles to distribute robes on days of great ceremony to the nobles of their court, and to their special attendants {cf, ante, pp. 214-225). The robes thus delivered naturally acquired the name of iivn^es, and were often of the special colours affected by the donors ; these were not always identical with the tinctures of their armorial bearings. Thus the livery-colours of the Plan- tagencts, before the division, are said to have been scarlet and white; those of the House of York were blue and murrey. The Lancastrian Princes favoured white and blue. The Tudors green and white. In later times the Stuart livery, like the present Royal livery, was scarlet and gold, and in both cases the colours were derived from their arms. Louis-Philippk, King of the French, used the same; under the Empire the Imperial liveries were of green and gold. Anciently liveries were often signs of factions, and, when they were discontinued in their original form, a scarf was substituted, thus during the Fronde, the party of the Duke of ORLEANS wore blue scarves, those of the Prince of CONDE, scarves of " Isa- belle," a yellowish white. Later the use of liveries was confined to servitors and dependants ; but even as late as the seventeenth century it was a common practice for gentlemen of good birth and estate to accept and wear, and even to assume without solicitation upon state occasions, the livery of an influential kinsman or
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neighbour in testimony of respect. (See A\ & Q., ist series, viii., p. 473).
At the present day the use of liveries is regulated by custom, and by custom alone ; but the general use both at home and abroad is to make them have some relation to the armorial bearings of the wearer.
In France and Italy, where this matter has had fully as much attention as it deserves, the attempt has been made not merely to indicate the tinctures of the arms, but by the composition of the lace, etc., to denote the ordinaries and other charges ! {See Crollalanza, E?icyclop(Edia Araldica ; CAX^lAJERY.SChyTriboiatt, Gram- matica Araldica ; V Art de composer les livn'es^ par de St. Epain, etc., etc.).
In England the use has been stated over and over again in heraldic works, and especially in our useful periodical Notes and Queries ^ and is briefly as follows. The colours used should depend on the tinctures of the arms. Of these the two principal usually appear in the wreath which supports the crest. The tincture of the field determines the colour of the coat, subject to needful modifications; while that of the principal charge similarly decides the colour of the facings and linings. Thus a person bearing the arms Azure, a cross argent^ would also probably use a livery of blue, with silver lace, buttons, and facings. If the tinctures of arms were reversed the coat would be of white, modified to light drab ; its facings, if used, would be white, and as before, the lace and buttons would be of silver. When either gold or scarlet appear as the field, the former is modified into a darkish drab, and the latter into marone or claret. This is not, as sometimes stated, because only the Royal Family are entitled to use scarlet and gold ! but because these tinctures are too brilliant for ordinary wear. The Hamilton liveries were certainly of scarlet in former times ; and, though good taste may limit its use, there is
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no other obligation. The breeches and waistcoat are usually of the second tincture, but, as already said, there is no obligation that this should be so ; and though self- constituted authorities lay down absurdly minute rules for the colours of " dress and undress waistcoats," and would I suppose even regulate the colour of a footman's pocket handkerchief, such newly invented sumptuary regulations will not prevail over the undoubted right of any man who can keep a livery servant to dress him as he pleases. Another matter of about equal importance, but which has often occasioned serious disputations and heart-burnings is the "right" to put a cockade in a servant's hat. Here again, as in the case of liveries, there is, and can be, no question of legal right. The cockade originated simply in the knot of ribbons, or strings, by which the broad flaps of the seventeenth-century round hat were "cocked," or drawn up to the brim in fine weather, and thus originated the three-cornered hat, as well as the cocked hat of later times. There was nothing specially military about the usage, as the ignorant assert. The same strings survive in the loops of the hats of bishops, and other ecclesiastical dignitaries, in Great Britain ; in the strings of the hats worn by French curh^ and Spanish and \X2X\2s\ padres ; and in the cords which are still seen on the hats of some livery servants ! However, it naturally became the custom for military men to "cock" their hats with the livery colour of the prince they served, and, as the Hanoverian colour was the convenient one of black, the "black cockade" became associated in the minds of the people with military uniform. In an old Scotch song on Shirramuir we read of "the red-coat lads with black cockades," and a knot of white ribbons was naturally chosen as the badge of their opponents. When the old use of the strings was forgotten, the knot in the form of a rosette of ribbon survived, just as did the buttons on the backs of our coats, which were intended to fasten back
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the flaps in riding or marching. (Our right to use these, whatever our station, has not yet been called in question !) The use of the cockade by their livery servants has been supposed to be limited to Officers in the army and navy, militia and volunteers; to members of the Royal House- hold ; and to those {e.g.. Deputy- Lieutenants), who hold the Sovereign's Commission. But this is by custom, and by custom only. To be consistent those who insist on the use of cockades as a matter of right and privilege should wear them themselves.
On the continent the livery-colours of the Sovereign are worn in the form of a small cockade on the front of the cap by the military, and by all in State employ who wear a uniform (from generals down to postmen) as well as by their personal servants.
These cockades are as follows : —
Austria : Black and yellow.
France : Red, white, and blue.
Spain : Yellow and red ; or red only.
Belgium : Black, yellow, red.
Norway : Red, white, blue.
Denmark : Red, white, red.
Italv : Green, white, red.
Portugal : Blue and white.
Sweden : Blue and yellow.
The cockades in use by those in State employment in Germany are composed of a circular centre with one or more external rings, the principal are as follows, begin- ning with the central disc : —
Germany : Red, white, black.
Prussia : Black, white, black.
Bavaria : White, blue, white.
Saxony : White, green, white.
Saxe-Weimar : Yellow, green, black.
Saxon-Duchies : White, green.
Wurtemberg : Black, red, black.
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Baden : Yellow, red, yellow.
Hesse : White, red, white.
Mecklenburg : Red, yellow, blue.
Anhalt: Green.
Hanover : Black, yellow, white.
The Russian cockade is oval, black (in the centre), yellow, white. That of NASSAU was black, though that of Holland is orange; that of Tuscany red and white ; of the two Sicilies, white, blue, white.
The cockades used by the servants of Ambassadors in this country are usually after the British pattern, but are of the national colours.
The cockade without the stiff projecting comb at the top is often used by the servants of naval officers ; the dis- tinction is a modern invention of the tailors, etc. The stiff leather cockades probably originated in the water- proof coverings of the silken ones. These are mere matters of modern custom, and only the " ignorant and foolish " exalt them into matters of right ! No amount of assertion can make them so in reality !
CHAPTER XIII.
MOTTOES.
The motto is a short sentence, usually epigrammatic in character, which is supposed to indicate the special moral sentiment particularly affected by the bearer of the armorial achievement of which it forms a part. It has therefore no inherent hereditary character, and may be changed at pleasure. Often, however, the sentence has some allusion, direct or punning, to the arms or crest, and in such cases it remains without change from generation to generation, and becomes practically as hereditary as the arms themselves. The motto is usually placed on a scroll, or compartment, beneath the arms ; but when it has any special reference to the crest, it is frequently placed above it. In Scottrsh heraldry a motto is held to be hereditary, and its position is defined in the patent, or grant of arms. The popular use of a garter to enclose a crest, and act as a motto-band, is a very bad heraldic blunder.
It should be noticed that the motto differs from the " Cri :'' the rallying shout by which, in mediaeval times, the scattered vassals were gathered around the Standard, or invoked to come to the assistance, of their lord. These cris de guerre often consisted of the name or title of the seigneur ; or had reference to his possessions, or sometimes to his armorial bearings. At other times they consisted of an invocation to the Deity or to a patron saint. ^' Dex ayeT (" God /lelp'*) was the cri of the Dukes of Normandy ; ''Notre Dame! Bourbon r that of the Dukes of Bourbon ; " Flandres ! au lion r that of the Counts of Flanders. ''PalleT was the well- known cri o{ the Medici of Florence : '' Dieu le veutT '' Deus id vultT the shout of the Crusaders. ''Percy ! Percy r\ or " Esp^rance, Percy r\ was the Northumber-
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land cry; '' Passavant! Notre Dame! SancerreT that of the Counts de Sancerre. '' Montjoie! St. Denis T was the cri of the Kings of FRANCE.
Of mottoes which relate to the arms the number is legion ; and, as these are best known I shall only quote a few here. The Malestroit, who bear : Gules, nine bezants, use, " Quae numerat numinos non est malestricta domus" Le Maistre bears : Azure, three marigolds (soucis) or, and the legend is : " Aux maitres les soucis'' Le Gendre, bears : Azure, a fess between three girl's busts argent, crined or, and the devise, " Qui a des filles, aura des gendres!' FOREST bears : Argent, on a bend azure, three estoiles of the field, with the motto, '' Favite stellaer The Princes de LiGNE bear: Or, a bend gules, their devise is, " Quocunque res cadunt semper stat linea recta!' The Cholmondeleys, who carry, Gules, in chief tivo esquire's helmets argent, and in base a garb or, have the motto, " Cassis tutissima virtus!' French bears : Ermine, a chevron sable: with the motto, '^ Malo mori quam foedari!' RODN EY bears : Or, tln-ee eagles displayed purpure, and the motto " Non generant aqnilce columbas." The Earls of KiNTORE use the motto "puce amissa salva" in memory of the preservation of the Scottish regalia in the Keiths' Castle of Dunottar. Their augmentation is. Gules, within an orle of eight thistles or, the sceptre and sword of Scotland in saltire beneath an Imperial - Crown proper. The Berties who have battering rams in their arms (Vol. I., p. 369) have as motto " Virtus ariete fortior." The Maill£s bear : Or, three bars wavy gules, and the Dues DE MaillS use the motto, " Stetit unda fluens" : while the Marquises de Car AM AN employ, " Tant que le monde sera monde, a MaillIl sera les ondes," The motto is often allusive to the crest, as in the case of the GORDONS, whose motto " Fortuna sequatur!" refers to their crest, two naked arms letting fly an arrow from a bent bow.
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Mottoes Allusive to the Name. A very large
number of devises, or mottoes, are allusive to the name of the bearer, and the following are interesting examples, which for the most part I have taken from the little known armory of the Continent The chief British mottoes, such as " Ver non semper virety' of Vernon ; " Vero nil verius,'' of Vere ; " Fare fac',' of FAIRFAX, etc., have been quoted so frequently in heraldic manuals, that it will be a kindness to future compilers to give them a somewhat wider choice. TOTLEBEN (of Sevastopol renown), " Treii auf tod und lebenr BOMBELLES, " Bombelles in bello non ivibeiles." Taffin, " Pense d ta fin'' Temple, " Templa quam dilecta^ NORMAN, ^' Sans Hre suis Norman^ The Bohemian POPELS use : '* Popel sem, popel ptidn " (i.e.. Dust I am, dust I shall be.) VILAIN XIV.. " P"i/ain sans reproc/ie." The Counts VerIta, '^ A veritate nomenr The Counts dc Beaujeu, ''A tout venant beaujeu" DE BoUT, '' De bout en bout'' Seton, " Set on." Gay, " En tout temps gay." Vaudrev, ''J'ai valu, vaux, et vaudray'.' Saisv, " Qui est saisy est fort" HENRY, " Toujours en ris." Onslow, '' Festina lente." Baudard, *M beau dard noble but'' Of such the most laboured is the Spanish one of Valle," El que mas vale no vale tanto como Valle vale!" The family of PlAN use the well-known Italian proverb : " Chi va piano va sano." Lenfernat informs us — " Qui fait bien I'enfer n'a ; " a motto could hardly be farther fetched than this from the bottomless pit ! The English Machells, who bear greyhounds, have the uncompli- mentary motto of " Mauvais chiens" for the sake of the jingle.
Historical Mottoes.— Of the mottoes which have a historical or legendary origin perhaps that best known is the one borne by the Chateaubriands. Their arms are said to have been originally de Gueules, semi de pommes de pin d'or, but for his courage at Mansourah in
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the year 1250, Louis IX. permitted Geoffrey, fifth Count, to change the fir-cones xxAo fleurs-de-lis, with the motto ^'Alon sang teint les bannieres de France I' the arms being identical with those borne by the King, except in the blood-coloured tincture of the field. This is an old story, but is probably as little authentic as that which accounts for the motto used by the DE Beaumanoirs of Brittany. During the reign of Jean II. a combat took place between thirty knights of the English garrison of Ploermel, and as many Breton nobles, under Beau- MANOIR, who, being wounded in the height of the combat, called out for drink. ^^Bois ton sang, BeaumanoirT cried out one of his companions,"/^ soif se passera ! '' The family of Sassenage used the motto '' fai la garde du pont" which was supposed to refer to some deed of valour. In later times it appears to have been called in question, for the family have added as a supplementary motto, " Si fabula, nobilis ilia est'' Another of the same kind is that adopted by the EXEA family of Aragon, who bore originally Cliequy argent and gules. Their motto now is, " Exea Britannos clauso certamine vicit" I do not know what deed of tourney valour this family considers worthy of perpetual record, but the modern arms appear to have been adopted to correspond with the motto (an inversion of the usual practice) and are now : Sable, a tourney-list of horse-shoe shape within a bordure chequy argent and gules. Better authenticated is the legend accounting for the devise used by the GUZMANS, Dukes of Medina- SlDONlA, etc, '^ Mas pesa el Key que la sangreJ' Don Alonzo Perez de Guzman in 1292 commanded the fortress of Tarifa, besieged by the Moors under the traitor Infante JUAN, to whose charge Alonzo had con- fided his eldest son, PEDRO Alonzo. Being unable to subdue the fortress, JUAN brought the boy beneath the walls, and having demanded a parley with the father, threatened to slay the youth then and there if the father
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did not consent to yield up the fortress. The father cried the words of the present motto " Mas pesa el Rey que la sangreT and threw down his own dagger, saying "Slay him with this! I prefer honour without a child, to a child and honour besmirched ! "
. . . " Matadlo con esta ! Sulo habeis determinado Que mas quiero honra sin hijo Que hijo con mi honor manchado."
Lope dk Vega records the action thus: —
" Y soy aquel Dom Alonzo Que al Moro de Africa dio El cuchillo que mat6 Mi hijo Dom Pedro Alonzo, Llamanme de gloria lleno, Por el hazana que alabo Italia Torcato el bravo Y Espana Guzman el bueno^^
The crest of these GuzMANS was : Out of a crest- coronet a castle enclosing a demi-man in full armour throwing down a dagger by the point. The motto of DU Vergier, Marquis de la ROCHEJAQUELEIN, is historical : " Si javance, suivez vioi ! si je recule, tuez inoi ! si je meurs^ vengez-moi ! But this is too long for a motto. The LA Valette use : ''Plus quam valor Valetta valet'' in punning allusion to the city of Valetta, so named after the heroic Grand-Master of Malta. The '' Fuimus'' of the BRUGES is historical as alluding to the greatness of a once Royal race. But the plaintive ** Ubi lapsus? quid feci?'' of the COURTENAVS is founded on an unproven descent from the Kings of FRANCE, and the Emperors of the East. Few devises are more interesting historically than that borne by the descendants of COLUMBUS: —
" A Castilla y k Leon. Mundo nuevo dio Colon."
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(There are variants, but this is the form in which it appears on the monument of Ferdinand Columbus in the nave of Seville Cathedral.) The " / mak' sicker^' of the KiRKPATRlCKS is well known ; that of the TURN- BULLS — '^ I saved the King** — is probably unhistorical.
Not properly to be regarded as mottoes, but used in the same manner heraldically, are the names of localities, battles, and sieges, which are granted as a record of the services of the original bearer. Such is the word " Trafalgar** borne in the shield of arms by Carnegie,
Earl of NORTHESK, CODRINGTON, TVLER, etc.
Cameron, baronet of Fassifern, bore over one of his crests the word '' Arriverette** and ^' Maya** \n a scroll beneath the arms. Pellew, Viscount EXMOUTH, uses his proper mottoes above his crests, but records his bombardment of ALGIERS by that word beneath the shield.
Viscount GOUGH uses the words, *' China** and " Barossa** owQT his crests of augmentation ; and " Gooj'erat** beneath the shield. These will be sufficient examples of a use which began with the present century, but is not in very good heraldic taste, and is happily no longer in favour with the authorities. But in Germany there are several examples in which not only the name of the engagement but also its date are used upon a motto-band. Thus, Storp, and MiTTELSTAEDT, have the record " DUPPEL, 18 April, 1864 J " similar to a previous grant to ThielE; ** DuPPEL, 17 Marz, 1864." BOECKING, and Krieg, use *'Rackebull, 22 Febr., MDCCCLXIV.;" another Thiele, "Flensburg, 7 Februar., 1864" (v. ^ ante, BuLOW, p. 164).
With the above compare the " motto ** granted to the Comtes DE StzE, and already noticed at p. 162.
I suspect the word ^' Ramiilies** borne by the Low Country family of Ere to be a modern assumption, like the word '' Agincourt** borne by the English
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WOODHOUSES; or the '' TenchebraV of the Tenchs! In these cases we fear a suggestio falsi !
Many mottoes afford a fair index to the character of their assumer, and of those who retain them in use. What could be more haughty than the ROHAN devise, ^'Roi ne puis^ prince ne daigne^ ROHAN suisT, or its parallel, **y^ ne suis roiy 7ii duCy prince y ni comte aussi ; je suis le Sire de Coucy!"— or the brief ''Jesuis Grol£k!", which is almost sublime in its bumptiousness? The PiNS of Toulouse let us know where they modestly place themselves : '' Despues Dios la casa DE PiNOs!" The PiNTOS boast, '^ Nos a sanguine Regutn veniviuSy et nostra veniunt a sanguine Reges'' MORHIER is not hindered by undue modesty from the declaration, " MORHIER de Vextrait des preuxT The Counts Lau veil in the partial obscurity of the Breton tongue their boast :
** Lous Lau sont ci las gens So que Por es d V argent P^
O'ROURKE (of France) declares ''Prou de pisypeu de pairs, point de plusT
It is curious to observe what different views are taken of the same subject. '^ Fleet i non frangi'' commends itself to the Temples, Houldsworths, and Carrolls; " Flectas non frangeSy' similarly to* the HOOLES ; while " Flectar non frangary' is the motto of Garneys. On the other hand the Stanleys, Lloyds, Cowers, and a dozen more, prefer the sentiment '' Frangas non flectesy" or '' Frangi non flecti ^ or, as Dykes, '' Prius frangitur quam flectitur' Another, whose name has escaped me, but it might be PORKER, declares his determination to remain in his obstinacy. He is "neither to be bent nor broken," to be led nor driven ! The " Tibi soli'' of Kyle, the "AW/ sibiy" of Cullen, and Sage (and, with variations, of many others), is not quite in accord with the straightforward selfishness of Cranstoun, " Thou
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shalt want ere I want T Allusions to knowledge {Scientia) are of extreme in frequency, but Stalius glories in ignorance, '' Avia nescire T COTTEKELL thinks it needful to declare of his possessions '' Non rapui sed recepil' which provokes the remembrance of the old English maxim — " the receiver is as bad as the thief." " Vix ea nostra vocol' is the conscientious confession affixed to the achievement of more than one great family !
Religious Mottoes form a very large class. Naturally many are texts taken from the Vulgate. ** Dei gratia sum id quod sninl^ is the pious declaration of the Dues dc Gram MONT, which replaced the haughty ^" Lo soy que soyT GiLLES uses **/// eternum non commovebiturr The Norman Mathans have " Nil deest timentibus Deuml' with the equivalent in old French : '' Ah fe^al rien ne fall!' Le Saint hardly escapes the imputation of profanity when appropriating, from the Magnificat^ " Sanctum nonun ejusT An equally curious and profane misappropriation is the motto of the Tkelles of C AT A LON I A : "5/ ergo me queritis sinite hos abire .' " On the other hand Ste^NMETZ of HOLLAND uses : ''Alles met God, niets zonder Kristusl' and ScilWEINITZ, ''Er ist unsere Hiilfe ufid Schildr WINTER is as pious as brief: "'Deo:'' but Berbisy becomes enigmatical with his "£"/ factum est ita^' from Gen. i.
''TeDeum laudamus'' is the motto of the Harpers; ''Hallelujah'' of Aylmer; ''Alleluia' of TuiTE ; and ''Ave Maria gratia plena" of CUSACK. In Spanish Heraldry the motto is often placed, very awkwardly, in a bordure around the shield, and sometimes in the shield itself. (The best known example is the "Ave Marial' etc. of Guzman, already given in Vol. I., p. 41 1.)
Classical Quotations (mostly well known), some- times occur. Such are: "Non eget arcu" of Ellis; "Non civium ardor" of MoORE ; "Nee sinit esse feros" of Grazebrook ; "Aere perennius" of Sartorius ; " Impavi dum ferient ruince" of BEAUMONT; " Tenui
VOU II. 2 c
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viodulatur avenae'' of AVESNES ; '' Odt profanum" of Hare; ''Per tot discriviina remm'' of Gevaerts ; *' Ccelum non animuin " of RHODES and Ramsden ; and " Anna virumque Cano " of Cano. '' Indocilis pauperievi patiy is the appropriate motto of the Merchant Adven- turers of Bristol. " Vestigia nulla retrorsum'' is not only the devise of a famous British regiment (used in a sense entirely different from that in wh-ich it is employed by the poet) but has been adopted by Hampden, Sibthorp, Trevor, and several otheVs in like misunderstanding ! There are a few Greek ones ; our old essay text
\\\iov iifilffv jrayrds, is USed by HiLLIARD ; 'AaKijctj dixauxPLftfrfy ,
by the Rallis ; and naOifi/Mra Ma^i^fuxra by Watson.
Some of the most curious of mottoes are the Enigma- tical ones ; dark sayings to us, but which in many cases may be the record or at least the relic, of amorous or other interesting adventure. Such may be the motto of Valentin, "Est encore temps?'" \ or the kindred "// est temps, Werckhoven !" borne by the Low Countr>' family of that name. BOUTON declares " Le souvenir tue Ronton !" (We should like to -know what is the memory which is so fateful !) SalvainG enquires : "Que ne ferois-je pour elle?'' Brittany is peculiarly rich in these enigmas. The Marquis DE Nevet addresses us with the Breton enquiry " Pi^rag?" {Pour- quoi?) to which we can only respond " Why? indeed ! " The devise of Kergu?;RN is "Utinaml' which is also used by S. Martin d'Aglie. Kergoz advises enigma- tically " M.qui 1\M!' {"Aime quifaime'') a sentence which possibly also enshrines the cypher of a byegone love. The Marquis DE COETQUEN exclaims " Que mon supplice est douxT Kerautret was content with the doubtful 'Marte^zt^r {Perhaps I). KerangoUEZ thinks " Quitte ou double V* a good motto! The Marquis DE COETMEN puzzles us with his "Item! Item/", and the devise of the family of RlOU, "Mud oud eP" {Are you dumb?) is scarcely more intelligible, but is similar to that of
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Mesanven: '' Eine-t'liu?'' {Dites vousf). Keraeret cautiously advises an eye to opportunity in his '* Pa ellV {When you may) which is akin to the canny motto of the Scottish LIVINGSTONS, " Si Je puis!" The Shakespearean motto, waggishly suggested to the Bond Street tailor to accompany his newly registered arms, ''List, oh listr\ finds itself repeated in the ''List, list;' of the Breton KEROUZf.Rfi, where, however, the word is equivalent for one (we know not which, but let us hope the most chivalrous) of the meanings of "Laissez /" The motto of Gerbais, "Sitiestoit;'' and the despairing note of BOUVANS, "Plus n' est possible!" also excite our curiosity. The MONTEFIORE family uses a Hebrew motto, and JOCHMUS DE COTIGNOLA a Turkish one ; these I may be excused from quoting !
Among the curiosities we must surely place, as at all events oddly sounding, the ''Jam, jam!"'o{ the RUXTONS (which had no connection with the " ATack al sicker' of the Almacks) ; and the "Sae bauld !" of SiBBALD. " Strike Dakyns / the devil's in the hemp!" is justified by an improbable story. " He that looks at Martin's ape, Martin's ape shall look at him !'* has often been quoted ; and so has the PiLKlNG- TON's, "Now thus! Now thus!" — "PiLKlNGTON Poiledown, the master mows the meadows!" In both these cases the motto has reference to the crest or arms of the family. GiFFARl) and DORRIEN have, with slight variation of spelling, the words " Prenez haleine ! tirez fort !" The curious jingle of the Kayes, " Kynd Kynn, Knawne, Kepe" may be compared with the " Per- rumfero,ferroferor".oi the Comtes de MONTALEMBERT.
Of mottoes remarkable for brevity we may note the "Spe," of HORROCKS; the "Firm," "Fight," "Free" " True," respectively used by Stewart, Dalrymple, Reid, etc. ; by Sinclair ; by Scott ; and by Bruce. " Try" is employed by Parker and Gethin ; " Sure" by LE Sueur ; and ** Thus" (a nautical direction to the
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man at the wheel) by JERVIS ; ''Fast" (also nautical) by Gray ; " Love;' by M'Cleish, and " Through;' by Hamilton. Among the curious mottoes is that of Hagen " Amore, more, ore, re;' Maas of Holland, with unexpected candour, places " Vanitas'' beneath his escucheon ; and Drenckwaert, also of Holland, gives us an equal surprise by attaching to his shield the words *' Argent fait tout!'' — the force of candour can no farther go! The ''Light thieves a"',^-oi the Annandale Johnstons was, we are assured by one of the clan, no confession of a difficulty in distinguishing between ineuvi and /////;//, but a command to Border rievers to surrender and give up their prey !
It maybe interesting to note that" Virtus',' in some com- bination or other, is found in about four hundred British mottoes ; " Spes',' inover one hundred and fifty. Hope is the single sentiment which finds most favour ; the motto " Dum spiro spero;' is used by about sixty distinct families, and the cognate " Nil desperanduvi;' by at least half that number. " Spero;' alone, is used by about a score. "Nee temere nee tiinide;' is favoured by nearly fifty; "Esse quavi videri;' by over thirty. Next in order probably come " Pro patrid" ; " Malo mori quatu ftedari" ; " Perseverando;' and its cognates ; then "Semper fidelis;' and ** Vincit Veritas!'
I have now to bring to a conclusion a work which I trust may be found of some interest and value to the increasing number of students of Heraldry. It has been a matter of regret to me that I have had of necessity to leave out much valuable and interesting matter, and, even in this enlarged edition, to deal somewhat superficially with subjects which I have ample materials for treating much more fully. But, as it stands, the work embodies the collections of many years ; and I trust that, apart from the absence of literary graces, to which it makes no pretension, its faults — of which no critic can be better
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aware than the writer — may be found rather those of omission than of commission. I have not, as my abundant references will show, been slow to acknowledge the sources of my information, and it would have been a valuable addition to the book if it had been possible to include in it a full catalogue of the multitude of works which have been put under contribution in the course of its compilation.
One of the most important matters, in regard to which I may humbly hope that the publication of this present work may be found to render some assistance, is that of inciting students to a wider knowledge of Foreign Heraldry. It is an amusing, if also somewhat irritating, instance of British insularity to find people who are well posted up in what has been referred to as the pedantic jargon of British Heraldry, speaking of Foreign Heraldry as if it could have no bearing on, or at all events could be of no essential importance in, the study of the armory of their own country, of which it was really the fans ef origo! Works on foreign armory, and cognate subjects, exist literally by thousands ; and, though written in strange tongues, ought not in these days of liberal education to be sealed books to those who write on the subject, and still less to those who review what others have written. They are, of course, of very vary- ing degrees of importance, but many are of the highest value ; and the majority would compare very advantage- ously with the miserably jejune set of British publications from which even professional Heralds have generally been content to derive their inspiration.
The scarce little treatise entitled Remarks on tlu Origin and Usage of Arms; the Ensigns Armorial of Foreign Nations, etc., by STEPHEN MARTIN Leake, Garter, privately printed after his death in 1834, though a valuable addition to the knowledge of the day, shows in an interesting way what a comparatively small acquaintance even the then highest heraldic authority had with the
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extensive foreign literature of the subject on which he ventured to write. His notes show that (like NiSBET) he had some acquaintance with four of Menetrier's most useful little books : with one of Vr£e's works {Genealogia Comitum Flandria)^ with the translation of Favyn's Ttudtre (VHonneur; with Brianville*S /^« d'Annoiries {Giuoco (TArme) ; Chifflet, and the Souverains du Monde. These I think are all !
The publication not very long ago in several anti- quarian magazines of the same description of a small and, with one or two exceptions, not at all important collection of Foreign Heraldic books bequeathed to the Lyon Office by the late Mr Gray, but from which most of the great Heraldic works were conspicuously absent, was, apart from its errors, most amusing as revealing how little general knowledge there is of the treasures of Heraldic lore which are available to the student in our own country. (I may say that every book named, with the exception of one or two small ones of very little value, was among those which had been utilised and quoted by me in the first edition of this work.) Much has been done, though much still remains to be done, especially in the reference department, to make the Her- aldic portion of the British Museum Library worthy of the rest of that vast collection. But no one who had the least acquaintance with even the smaller but still consider- able collection of such books which is now available for public use in the Art Library of the South Kensington Museum, could have thought the bequest referred to (worthy of all thanks and praise as it was in itself) deserving of such a continued blast of heraldic trumpets, as if it had given us unexpectedly the means of largely extending our knowledge of a recondite subject !
Year by year the publication of English and Foreign Rolls of Arms (as in the useful Genealogist) ; of collec- tions of mediaeval seals ; and of the contemporary monuments which still exist in our Cathedrals and
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Parish Churches, adds largely to the materials available for the student who desires to go beyond the stereotyped and often erroneous teachings of our Heraldic Manuals.
I shall count myself no mean benefactor to my brethren if I increase their interest in a very im- portant branch of archaeology. To myself for many years it has afforded a great deal of that rest which is produced by a change of labour ; it has given increased' enjoyment to foreign travel, has acted as an incentive to the study of history, and has led me to some knowledge of many out of the way but most interesting collateral subjects.
The value of heraldry is'becoming recognised not only in respect of its poetic associations, and of its decorative capacities, but as a link between the present and the past. In the past it has been a faithful chronicler of the history, alike of Royal dynasties and of private families. It has been well said by a French writer (Gerard de Nerval), "La connaissance du blason est le clef de I'histoire de France," and this is not less true as concerns other European nations. It, in fact, constituted a thor- ough system for distinguishing not only family from family, but one branch of a family from another. Every change in the hereditary succession of a kingdom ; every fresh accession of territory ; every union of houses by marriage, occasioned a corresponding change in the coat of arms, so that it became a record whose nice dis- tinctions asserted, briefly but clearly to those who under- stood its language, a number of facts regarding its owner.
And now, though the helmet and shield have no longer all the significance which they once possessed when they were in actual use, they have still strong hereditary claims upon our recognition. Although it be the boast of our gentry, or lesser nobility (as well as of our greater nobility, or Peers), that they receive into their ranks with open arms the eminent and the
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meritorious, whatever be their origin arid lineage, the possession of insignia gentilitia is still the legal test of gentility, and one of the duties still delegated in our country by the Sovereign to the Earl Marshal, and by him to the Kings of Arms, is that of assigning to those who have acquired a social importance that entitles them to take a place among the gentlemen of their country, appropriate bearings which may serve as a bond of union to their family, and hand down their name and memory to their descendants.
Fio. 32.— Tababd, or Coat of Arms.
i
APPENDICES
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APPExNDIX A. ORDONNANCE of CHARLES III., Duke de LORRAINE
RKSPECriNG THE ASSUMPTION OF THE ^^ ParticuU^^ 1 585.
" De par le Due de Calabre, Lorraine, Bar, Gueldre, etc. . . . Nous avons ^t^ dement averti que plusieurs de nos sujets, tant natifs de nos pays que venus d'ailleurs, se sont de tant avanc^s par subtilit^, connivence, tolerance de nos Officiers et autres moyens illicites, qu'ils ont tdch^ d'usurper et s'attribuer les titres et qualit^s de Noblesse ; . . . et, qui plus est, les dits anoblis, pour se d^guiser, ou faire ^garer la connaissance de leur race et basse condition dont ils sont nouvellement descendus, changent et alt^rent les surnoms de leurs aieux et famille, des quels ils ont pris la source et origine de leur Noblesse, par adjonction k leurs surnoms de cette vocale : /a, de^ le^ du^ ou de quelque Seigneurie forg^e k leur fantaisie ; en sorte qu'aujourd'hui il est forte difficile, voire presque impossible, de reconnoitre ceux qui sont extraits d'ancienne famille de Noblesse, ou par Nous et nos prdd^cesseurs d^cor^s d'icelle entre tels ; . . . k quoi pour rem«fdier et obvier k de tels abus, avons inhib^ et defendu, inhibons et d^fendons k toutes personnes, quelles elles soient, qu'ils n'aient k se qualifier ni de titres, ni de qualit^s de Noblesse, ni d'autres plus grands titres et qualities, si done ils ne sont extraits de Noblesse et quality ou prerogative qu'ils s'attribuent, et si d^fendons aux anoblis et issus de Nobles qu'ils n'aient k soi par adjonction vocale /^, /a, du^ ou de^ et semblables mots qui ne servent que pour obscurcir la famille dont ils sont sortis, k changer ou k altdrer en fa^on que ce soit leurs surnoms, ains se contenir ou arr^ter k celui de leurs aieux, grand- p^re ou p^re, qui aura obtenu de Nous ou de nos Pred^cesseurs titre de Noblesse, et aux quels par cette concession leur Noblesse et quality aura pris source et origine, et sans qu'il leur soit loisible ajouter et prendre plus grande quality qu'il le neur appartient, si done ils n'en ont concession et privilege particulier de Nous et de nos prdd^cesseurs, et ce k peine d'amende arbitraire. . . . Mandons k notre procureur g^n^ral, et k ses substituts qu'ils y
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tiennent telletnent le main et fassent rayer, tant des registres des causes judiciaires comme ailleurs, ceux qui se sont ing^res et voudront ing^rer de prendre et usurper les dits qualit^s de Noble adjonction de ces vocales : /f, la^ de^ ou du^ et attribution d'autres plus grandes qualites qui ne leur appartiennent, dont ils ne seront seigneurs."
APPENDIX B.
PORTUGUESE REGULATIONS as to the Bearing of
Differences of Arms.
" O CHEFE de linhagem he obrigado a trazer as Armas direitas, sem, differen^a, ou mistura de outras algumas Armas. E sendo Chefe de mais que huma linhagem, ser^ obrigado a trazer as Armas direitas de todas aquellas linhagens de que sor Chefe, e sem mistura, em seus quarteis. Os outros Irmaos, e todos os outros da linhagem, as had de trazer com differenqa. £ assim poderao trazer ate quatro Armas, se quizerem, daquelles, de quem descenderem, esquartelados, e mais nao. £ se quizerem trazer s6mente as Armas da parte de suas mays, podelo had fazer. £ os bastardos had de trazer as Armas com sua quebra de bastarda. A differenga que had de trazer os filhos segundos, Ihe ha de ordenar o Rey de Armas, a quem pertence ; costuma assentarse no canto do escudo, e ha de ser huma flor, huma estrella, ou hum passaro, ou outra cousa semel- hante. £ aquelle espago, em que se poem a differenga, se chama BricaP — {Nobiliarchia Portugueza^ p. 223).
APPENDIX C.
TOURNEY REGULATIONS FOR the Exposure of Arms AND Crest, drawn up by r6n6. Due d'Anjou, Roi DE Sicil6 et Jerusalem.
" Vous tous Princes, Seigneurs, Barons, Cheualiers, et Escuyers, qui auez intention de toumoyer, vous estes tenus vous rendre ^s heberges le quatri^me jour deuan le jour du Tournoy, pour faire de vos Blasons fenestres, sur payne de non estre receus audit Tournoy. Les amies seront celles-cy. Le tymbre doit estre sur vne piece de cuir bouilly, la quelle doit estre bien faultr^e dVn doigt d'espez, ou
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plus, par le dedans : et doit contenir la dite piece de cuir tout le sommet du heaulme, et sera couuerte la dite piece du lambrequin armoyd des armes de celuy qui le portera, et sur le dit lambrequin au plus haut du sommet, sera assis le dit Tymbre, et autour d'iceluy aura vn tortil des couleurs que voudra le Tournoyeur.
" Item, et quand tous les heaulmes seront ainsi mis et ordonnez pour les departir, viendront toutes Dames et Damoiselles, et tous Seigneurs, Cheualiers, et Escuyers, en les visitant d'vn bout h autre, la present les Juges, qui menoront trois ou quatre tours les Dames pour bien voir et visiter les Tymbres, et y aura vu Heraut ou poursuivant, qui dira aux Dames selon I'endroit ou elles seront, le nom de ceux k qui sont les Tymbres, afin que s'il y en a qui ait des Dames medit, et elles touchent son Tymbre, qu'il soit le lende- main pour recommandd"— (Men£:trier, L'On^/ne des Armoiries^ pp. 79-8 r.)
APPENDIX D.
GRANT OF AUGMENTATION OF ARMS and SUP- PORTERS TO THE FATHER OF Captain SPEKE, THE Discoverer of the Sources of the Nile.
"Victoria R. — Whereas we, taking into our Royal considera- tion the services of the late John Hanning Speke, Esquire, Captain in our Indian Military Forces, in connection with the discovery of the sources of the Nile, and who was, by a deplorable accident, suddenly deprived of his life before he had received any mark of our Royal favour ; and being desirous of preserving in his family the remembrance of these services by the grant of certain honourable armorial distinctions to hi3 family arms : — Know ye that we, of our princely grace and special favour have given and granted, and by these presents do give and grant unto William Speke, of Jordans, in the parish of Ashill, in the county of Somer- set, Esquire, the father of the said John Hannen Speke, our Royal Licence and Authority that he and his descendants may bear to his and their armorial ensigns the honourable augmentation following : that is to say, — On a chief a representation of flowing water superinscribed with the word Nile ; and for a crest of honourable augmentation a crocodile ; also the Supporters follow- ing : that is to say— on the dexter side a Crocodile, and on the
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sinister side a Hippopotamus, provided that the same be first duly exemplified according to the Law of Arms, and recorded in our College of Arms, etc.
" Given at our Court of St. James's, the 26th day of July 1867, m the thirty-first year of our reign.
" By Her Majesty's Command,
"Gathorne Hardy."
The arms to be augmented are now described as : Argent^ two bars azure^ aifer all an eagle displayed ivith two heads gules. The crest, a porcupine proper. It is worthy of remark that, per incuriaviy the grant is to all the descendants <y William Speke ; but I notice in a recent work that the grant is said to be to the "said William Speke, Esquire, for and during his life" only. From which it appears that the authorities of the College of Arms have assumed a power to do more than " exemplify " and " record " viz,: — to limit a clear and distinct Royal grant under the sign manual of the Sovereign !
APPENDIX E.
DOCUMENT RECORDING THE CONCESSION of a crest BY JOHN, CoMTE DE SAAREBRUCK, to his Nephew, HAMAN (OR HANNEMANN), Comte de DEUX- PONTS (ZwEi-BRiJCKEN) BITSCHE.
" Nous, Haman, Comte de Deux-Ponts et Sire de Bitche, k tous ceux qui ces presentes lira ou entendront lire savoir faisons : que le vol coup^ d\irgent et de sable que nous portons en cimier nous a et^ octroy^ et conc^d^ en fief pour notre vie durante par notre cher oncle le Comte Jean de Sarrebruck. En t^moignage de quoi, nous, sus dit Haman, Comte de Deux-Ponts, Sire de Bitche, avons appendu notre seel aux presentes qui ont ^te donndes le premier mardi qui suit le jour de Quasimodo de Pan, depuis la naissance de Dicu, mil trois cent soixante et cinq" (/>., April 22, 1365) — Le Hdraut d'Armes, p. 208.
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LES ARMES FAUSSES.
It is only possible to give here, in a few of the multitudinous instances in which the law forbidding the use of metal on metal, or colour on colour is disregarded. The following are from Siebmacher's Wappenbuch .— Grunberg : Gules, a fess vert (i., 57). — VON Breitenbuch : Azure^ two che^'rons gules (i., 94). — Von Waldau : Azure^ three crescents^ those in chief addorsed, the third reversed gules (i., 54). — VON GORLITZ : Per pale argent and or^ two hatchets addorsed in pale counter-changed (i., 1 56). — Or ASSE : Azure, ten stars gules, I, 2, 3, 4 (iv., 69). — Grefen : Argent, a saltire couped or (i., 153). — Von Fridung : Argent, a pallet between two wings affronti^s Paleways or (iii., 105). — Berger : Azure, two bars sable, ot'cr all a chevron counter-cotnpone argent and gules (iii., 149). — HiLTPRANDT : Bendy {sinister) sable and azure, o%'er all a lion rampant or (ii., 50). — Barons Ste'ITENBE^RG : Argent, an eagle displayed or, BOPFINGEN : Per fess gules and azure (v., 114). Others are given in Spener, Op, Her., p. gen., pp. 121-3, where also is a quotation from Varennes, *' ceci n'est pas si rare en AUemagne qu' ailleurs."
The others are from various sources : — Bubenhauser : Per fess gules and azure, afleur-de-lis counter-changed, — The Counts Leon- BERG : Gules, a bend azure — Ulf : Azure, a fess gules, — DORO : Argent, a lion or — Dottenstein : Azure, an eagle displayed gules. The very earliest coat of the Montmorencys was : Or, a cross argent, — Adelsbach bore : Per fess gules and azure, a lion counter- changed. — H ENEMA : Or, a boar rampant argent. — Krogedantz : Purpure, two reindeer horns gules. — Merkman : Argent, three fleurs-de-lis or. — Caboga : Azure, a bend gules. — Camplionch : Gules, apale azure, — Egilsberg : Sable, on a cross gules a sun or. — BORDOLO : Gules, a cross vert. — ClMANi : Azure, three bends gules. — Albachsen : Gules, on a bend azure three crescents or. — Sand- berg : Or, a chei'ron argent between three trefoils vert.
Here are a couple of dozen instances, taken at random from the Armory of Germany, Denmark, Italy, and Spain, and out of hundreds which I have recorded. It is quite possible that one or other might be suspected of being erroneously blazoned, but this will not get rid of the multitude that remain. I therefore humbly think I have proved my case, and that future compilers of
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books on Heraldry should "gang warily" if they are to avoid the imputation of ignorance when they talk of the arms of Jerusalem, etc., as "the only instance" of the violation of rule.
APPENDIX G.
BADGES.
Acorn (slipped)— Arundel.
Anchor (^r)— LORD High Admiral.
Annulet— Clifford ; Neville.
Antelope — BOHUN.
Barnacles, or Breys — St. Lf:ger.
Bear, and Ragged- Staff— Earl of Leicester ; the bear sable^ the
staff ar^enf, Earl of Warwick ; the Earl of Kent the reverse. Bear's Head (muzzled) — Lord Morley. Boar («/^/V<?)— Lord Windsor ; Courtney, Earl of Devon ;
d/uey Vere, Earl of Oxford. Bouget (j/77/^r)— BOURCHIER ; ROOS ; Trusbutt. Buck— Lord Montacute. Bucket— Lord Welles. Buckle— Pelham ; Willoughby. Bull (d/ac^y homed or) — Clarence ; //w/i, Neville. Bull's. Head (ar^^///)— Wharton ; £-u/es, Ogle ; sad/e, gorged
with golden crown, Hastings. Cinquefoil— ASTLEY. Crab {or) — SCROPE. " Crampet— Delawarr. The crampet was or, the interior space
per pale asure and gules^ thereon a text letter X of gold. Crescent — Percy, the space between the horns is often per pale
sable and gules^ and charged with a manacle or. Cresset — inflamed — Holland of Exeter, Admiral of England. Dragon (r^//)— Cumberland ; blacky Clifford, Burch ; grcen^
Pembroke. Eagle— Cambridge (with child in nest) ; Stanley. Eagle's Claw— Stanley. Elephant— Beaumont ; Sandys. Escallop— Scales ; Dacre. Faggot— Courteney. Falchion— FiTZ- Payne. Falcon— St. John ; La Zouche ; Fitz-P.\yne {v. p. 212
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Fetterlock— Suffolk {cf, p. 218).
Fire-Beacon— CoMPiON.
Fish-hook— Neville.
Galley (jo^/^)— Neville.
Garb— Burleigh ; Exeter ; Peverell.
Greyhound— Mauleverer ; Clinton ; Rich.
Griffin— Lord Wentworth ; the head only, Fiennes, Lord Dacre.
Hedge-hog — Sydney.
Helmet — Cholmondeley.
Horn (^«(^//r)— Bryan (^v. p. 212).
Horns {silver) — Ch eney. Bugle-horn— Bryan.
Horse (white) — Fitzalan.
Horse-collar —St. John.
Horse-shoe — Ferrers.
Key, erect argent^ crowned with open crown or^ Poynings
(?'. p. 212). Lion {gold) — Suffolk ; white, Howard ; crowned and gardant.
Grey. Lion's Head (erased)— Brandon. Maiden's Head— Buckingham. Manacle — silver or gold. PERCY {v, ante^ crescent). Maunch— Hastings. Mermaid— Berkeley. Mill-sail— Willoughby. Mulberry (leaf and fruit)— Mowbray. Mullet— Vere. Ostrich— DiGBY. Pelican— Cromwell. Pepper-sheaf— Peverell (?'. p. 213). Phoenix— Seymour.
Portcullis— Somerset ; Beaufort ; Herbert. Raven — Cumberland. Rudder— Willoughby de Broke. Saracen's Head — Cobham. Ship— Neville. Ship's Buoy— Neville.
Sickle— Hungerford {see Peverell, v, p. 213). Spear-head— Pem broke. Staples— Neville ; Stapleton. Star— Sussex ; Fitzwalter ; Vere. Stump of Tree— Woodstock ; Bedford. Swan— BoHUN ; GLOUCESTER ; Bucks ; Stafford ; Hunsdon.
vol. 11. 2D
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Talbot— Shrewsbury ; Montacute. Unicom— Windsor ; Poynings. Wheai-sheaf— Burleigh ; Cecil ; Exeter. Wings (of bat)— Daubeny. Wolf (ar^r«/)— Mortimer.
APPENDIX H.
TRANSFERENCE OF RIGHT IN ARMS.
" To all them wch shall see or heare this present lettre, Thomas Grendall of Fenton, cousin and heyre to John Beaumeys, sometime of Sawtre, greeting. As the armes of the ancestors of the said John, since the day of his death, by lawe and right of inheritance, are escheted unto me as to the next heyre of his linage, know yee that I, the aforesaid Thomas, have given and granted by these presents the whole armes aforesaid, with theyr appurtenances, unto Sir William Moigne, Knight, which armes are Argent, a cross azure, five garbes or, to have and to hould the said annes, with theyr appurtenances, to the said Sir William and his heyres and assignes for ever. In witnesse whereof, I have to these present letters set my seale. Given at Sawtre the 22 day of Novembr. in the 15 yeare of King Richard the Second." — ( Visitation 0/ Hunting- don, p. 16.)
On Nov. 27, 1700, Archibald Scott of Boonraw, representative of the Scotts of Sinton, executed a renunciation and conveyance of his right to the bearings of that family, viz : Or, two mullets in chief and a crescent in base azure, in favour of Sir William Scott of Harden, who then matriculated the coat and was allowed supporters as having right and title to represent the family of Sinton. Stodart, Scottish Arms, ii., 383.
In 1 701 Sir Andrew Myretoun of Gogar, baronet, a cadet of Cambo, induced Sir Robert Myretoun of Cambo, to relinquish in his favour the main coat of the house ; Argent, a chevron sable between three torteaux. Ibid., ii., 1 1 5.
Another curious armorial transaction, as late as 1777, is recorded in Stodart, Scottish Anns, ii., 306 ; in which Neil Grant (who claimed to be representative " of the family of Grant of Auchemack, chieftain or head of the Clan Allan ") professed to divest himself of his '* coat of arms and ensign armorilV and transfer them to his "near and beloved cousine, Doctor Gregory Grant, physician in Edinburgh."
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APPENDIX 1.
THE "PARTICULE NOBILIAIRE."
A HISTORICAL investigation into the origin of the Particule Nobiiiaire will show conclusively that it is not, and never has been, a titre de noblesse^ an infallible mark of gentle descent ; but we must recognise the fact that in later times it has so generally been found in connection with the names of families of noble descent as to have become in many countries of the Continent one of its distinguishing marks. On the introduction of Christianity into Europe its preachers strenuously endeavoured to substitute, at baptism, the Christian name of a saint or martyr for the pagan name, often full of undesirable associations, of the neophyte. This was not done without a severe struggle. SS. Chrysostom (Homily xiii., Epistle to the Corinthians) and GREGORY THf: Great allude to this repugnance, and enforce the substitution. An examination of the " Personen Register" in the Urkundenbuch der Abtei Sanct Gallen (vol. i., A.D. 700-840, Zurich, 1863) will show how little success had attended the attempt. The number of Scriptural or saintly names is absolutely insignificant as compared with the host that are neither the one nor the other. But even where the effort was successful the list of holy names was a limited one, and it was necessary to adopt surnames as an additional means of distinguishing individuals when, as at Bayeux in 1171, there were a hundred and ten knights, besides those of lower grade, who all bore the name of Guillaume. The commonest and readiest way of distinguishing persons who bore the same appella- tion was that of adding to the son's name that which his father had borne, as had been done long before by the Jews, and by both Greeks and Romans. This was, of course, the origin of the many British and Scandinavian surnames which end in the syllable "son"; Robertson, Johnson, etc.; and of the Sclavonic surnames terminating in "ski," "off," "vitch," etc. "Ez" in Basque means son ; thus Enriquez is equivalent to Fitz-Henry, Perez to Peterson, Martinez to Martenson, etc. In the Latin Cartularies, the formula is usually "Odo filius Isambardi" ; " Petrus filius Alberti," etc. The Cartulary of St. Pire^ de ChartreSy in 1119, has the briefer form "Ansoldus Rogerii," "Alcherius Adalonis," etc. In the Grand Capitulaire of
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Champagne a deed of 1262 mentions Gulielmus Raimundi ; others allude to Bernardus Anfredi, Gulielmus Giraudi, etc. When these names were translated into the vernacular they naturally became Pierre d'Albert, Ansolde de Rqgier, Guillaume de Raimond, Guillaume de Girauld, etc. {La Particule Nobilicure^ par Louis Vian, Paris, n.d.).
In this way the ^^ particule^* originated, and some of the most ancient families in France, such as the de Guillaume, Seigneurs de Montpellier ; the DE Pierre, Seigneurs de Ganges ; the d'Andr6, Seigneurs de Montfort ; the DE Jean, the de Barth^LEMY, and others who bear apparently Christian names employed as surnames, trace the origin of the fact back to those early times. Of these names the number is considerable also in Spain and Italy, and in the latter country the number is augmented by a multitude of names derived by abbreviation or syncopation from others, e,g, Tolomeo and Meo from Bartolomeo ; Lippo from FiLLiPO, etc. "Dans le onzi^me, et dans le douzi^me si^le, et quelque fois dans le troizi^me si^cle, chaque personnage ne portait que son pt^nom ou nom de bapt^me, remplac^ quelque fois par une designation personelle, un sur nom ou un sobriquet." — Blancmesnil, Z^s Salles des Croisades^ jcxiii. The Conquest of England, the Crusades, and other military expeditions, which made it needful to adopt surnames to distinguish persons of the same Christian name from one another, also served to increase the use of the de. But the earliest known use of the particule to indicate the possession of a fief dates from the reign of Philip I. (about 1062). Sismondi tells us that it was during the war between William ie Bastardy and Gui DE Ma^on for the possession of Normandy, that the Nobles almost universally adopted the desigpnations of their hereditary fiefs.
Hugh the Great, Duke of France and Count of Paris, had the surname of Capet, but used no territorial de. Later the possession of a fief afforded an easy and natural means of forming a distinctive surname ; thus the Lords of Montmorency, who had generally borne the ordinary name of Bouchard, became Bouchard de Montmorency.
The family of Montmorency bore the seemingly proud title of Premier Baron Chretien; which, however, like many other things, was not really so great as it appeared to be. Its origin appears to have faded out of remembrance, but a little research shows that it simply meant that the Baron de Montmorency was the first of the four Vassal Barons, or Chevaliers-Bannerets, of the ChritienU^ or
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possessions of the bishop, in the He de France. The other three were : le Vicomte de Meaux, le Vicomtc de Melxjn, and le Sire de riLE Adam. It seems clear that the family of L^vis did not understand the origin of the Montmorency motto, when in imitation they assumed ^^Aide Dieu au Second Chretien L^viS!" an assumption as irrelevant as it was pretentious on the part of " ies Cousins de NStre Dame^^
Men£:trier in his Origine des Artnories^ p. 56, acutely founds an argument for the date which he assigns to the rise of Armorial bearings on the fact that surnames were not in use until the tenth and eleventh centuries ; and that the arms assumed were commonly, perhaps we might say almost invariably, parlantes^ or the symbol of a surname.
But persons of much lower grade, having no pretensions to nobility, assumed as a distinctive surname the name of the town or district whence they came. In "Z^ Vie de St, Louis "by the confessor of Queen Margaret, we find the name of "Jean de Croy, mason, townsman of Compi^gne." Even serfs leaving their own village, where a Christian name had sufficed, added its name with the de to their own. As late as the elections in 1789, the serfs in the Jura Mountains had no surnames. This was also the case in Poland at the same time.
On the other hand many of the noblest families of France never used the ^*par/icu/e" Foucauld, Seigneur de la Roche, became indeed much later, "le Due de la Rochefoucauld." Potier was the name of the Due de G^vres, the Marquis de Grignon, and the Seigneur de NoviON ; Nompar, the original appellation of the Dues de la Force. The families of Pot, Miron, Milon, Philippeaux, Amelot, Rus6, Brulart, Fouquet, and many other marquises and counts, never used the de. M. LAiNlfe gives the following list of eminent families who never used the particule, or only assumed it in modern times : — Damas, — Chabot, — Bermond,— Seigneur d'ANDUSE,— Malvoisin ou Mauvoisin,— Prunel6,—Foucaut,— Osmond,— MoretoNj—Quatrebarbes, — Goyon,—Beaupoil,—Visdelou,~S^guier,— David, — Las-
TEYRIE,— FaYDIT,-— GASCQ,— GUISCARD,— YSARN,-— COUSTIN, —
AuthieRj—Maingot,— Bracket (v. Les Salles des CroisadeSy par le Comte de Delley de Blancmesnil, p. 265, Paris, 1866). Jacques Tezart, Seigneur des Ess arts, Baron de Tournebu, was highly offended at the unauthorised addition of the ^ to his ancient and illustrious name. Still, the fact that the de was generally associated with the
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possession of nobility caused it to be coveted and assumed by many who had no right at all to use it. In 1474, LouiS XI. authorised a notary named Decaumont to separate the first syllable from the rest, and to become de Caumont. An Ordonnance, given at Amboise, March 26, 1555, and registered at Rouen, interdicted the use of any name but the legal patronymic, and enjoined even gentlemen to sign legal documents by their family names, to the exclusion of the appellations of their seigneuries. This was con- finned in 1560, by article no of the Ordonnance d'OrMans. The Parliament of Toulouse, in 1566, gave a decision, "ordonnant d'enlever la particule mise dans le tableau, comme signe de noblesse^ devant le nom de plusieurs procureurs" (VlAN, La Particule Nobilinire). The procureur du Roi in the bailliage de Dijon, about the same time, declared, " Time et la raison de la loi trouve que tous nos roturiers en gdndral qui changent leur nom en un autre gentilhommesque, ou lesquels y adioastent un article, sont sujets \ la peine de faux, car ils usurpent une qualiU de noble qui tient esp^ce de rang signale en France."
On the other hand, a decision was given by the Parliament of Toulouse in 1566, at the instance of a certain procureur, "de r^tablir sur le tableau le nom de cet officier et, comme signe de noblesse^ la particule que Ton y avait k tort omise."
Jean Loir, Commissary-general of Artiller>', etc., obtained from Henri IV. in 1596, letters patent giving him permission to prefix the de to his name ; and similar licences, which were understood to convey nobility, were granted in later reigns. Thus Louis XIII., by letters patent in 1613 permitted Ambroise Vie, Sieur de Mesnil-Caujon, to add the du to his surname. These grants required Registration in Parliament, in la Chambre des Comptes, etc. Before the Ordonnance of 1579 (which provided the contrary) the possession of a noble fief acquired by purchase, even by a "roturier," conferred nobility on its possessor, who, of course, assumed its designation; and LOUIS XIV. in 1696 "permettait aux possesseurs de biens en roture dans les dircctes du Roi d'en prendre le nom."
In 158s, Charles III., Duke of Lorraine, perceiving that many of his subjects assumed the particule and so attributed to themselves nobility in order to avoid certain imposts, published an Ordonnance^ which strictly prohibited "aux Anoblis et issus de Nobles qu'ils n'aient k soi par adjonction vocale le^ la^ du ou dey et semblables mots, qui ne servent que pour obscurcir la famille dont ils sont sortis ; " but the edicts had little effect. (The edict is printed
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(nearly in full in Appendix A.), and it is probable that on some of its expressions was founded the claim advanced in Lorraine in 1750, that "k la quatri^me gdndration, un anobli, devenu gentil- homme selon les regies hdraldiques acqudrait le droit de transmettre la particule de sa fief k son nom.")
In 1699 Louis XIV. published a declaration for Franche-Comt^ that " les anoblis et tous autres (que les nobles de race) ne peuvent prendre le de devant leurs noms." This article, which made the particule "forbidden fruit" to all but ^"^ nobles de race^^ naturally increased the number of those who desired to make use of it ; and moreover in consequence of the edict, the de appeared in the dictionaries as a sign of nobility. " Cet article de marque le gdnitif, et se met devant les noms de famille qui viennent de seigneuries, M. DE Chateauneuf ; M. de Grammont" (RiCHELET, Diciionnaire, 1707). The Due de St. Simon, in his M^moires^ speaks of its wholesale usurpation : " Le de s'usurpait aussi par qui voulait depuis quelque temps." However, the de continued to be the subject of legal grants ; and, after the Restoration, Hozier was authorised to insert the particule in the official certificates before the name of the person ennobled.
In 1822, Louis XVII. asked a person to whom he was giving audience how he could reward the devotion he had evinced, and was met by a request for permission to use the de. " * Prenez-en deux !' dit le Roi, en fredonnant le vers d'Horace : — . . . . * Gaudent praenomine molles Auriculae . . . .'"
Almost in our own time there was the poet PlERRE Jean de STRANGER, who may have fairly inherited the particule from remoter progenitors than his tailor grandfather, but who scouted the idea that it indicated noble descent : —
" He quoi, j'apprends que Ton critique Le de qui pr^cMe mon nom. * Etes vous de noblesse antique ? ' Moi, noble ! oh vraiment,
Messieurs, non !
" Non, d'aucune chevalerie Je n'ai le brevet sur vdlin. Je ne sais qu'aimer ma patrie, Je suis vilain, et tr^s vilain,
Je suis vilain,
Vilain, vilain."
Under the First Empire many titles were granted without the
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de^ especially in the cases where there was no creation of a maJ0r€U^ and where consequently, the title created was not hereditary. " Le Due D£ FiTZ-jAM£S,"is a title which is anomalous, but is now in common use. Ca>ibac6res was "le Due Cambac^res;" Pasquier, "le Puc Pasquier." Under the Second Empire, in 1858, the Code P^nal was revised and the assumption of names and titles stringently forbidden. Applications for change of name, and for the addition of the particule, or for its separation from a name with which it had become incorporated, required to be made to the Garde des Sceaux, and were often granted.
The oldest families of Mecklenberg, and other North German States, did not generally assume the von until the close of the Thirty-years War ; some had not done it at a much later date ; but at the present day when a German is ennobled, or, as we should say, made a gentleman of coat-armour, he acquires the right to use the territorial prefix von^ in some shape. Sometimes the preposi- tion is affixed to his previously plebeian name, and Schneider becomes vON Schneider. But in cases like to this, in which the surname is obviously unterritorial, it is often retained unaltered and the von is inserted before the name of some territorial possession, real or imaginary, the newly ennobled becoming Muller von MuLLERSHAUSEN, and the like. The Viennese gentry could hardly be persuaded that Ludwig van Beethoven was only of bourgeois descent, since he used a prefix which seemed equivalent to their familiar von. In Holland the prefix van or vander is no sign of nobility.
In Flanders, De at the commencement of the name is only the equivalent of the French Z^r, and, like it, is no mark of noble descent. Detim merman is only the equivalent of Le Char- PENTiER ; Dehantchoumaker of Le Gantier ; Demeulenaer of Le Meunier, and so forth. In Austria since the middle of the eighteenth century the diplomas of persons ennobled run after this fashion ". . . . Item uti particula de, vel a, si voluerit." So is it generally in Belgium.
The particule nobiliaire is but little in use in Italy and Spain. The princes Colonna, Borghese, Gabrieli, etc. ; and such families as Altieri, Boncompagni, Caetani, Chigi, Corsini, DORIA, &c., would not think of using it. Nevertheless, when a member of such a family settles in France the common usage begins to prevail, and the Commendatore Strozzi, becomes gradually DE Strozzi. Sometimes the name of the family is translated, FiESCHi becomes de Fiesque, and Casanova, de
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Maisonneuve ; or to take more illustrious German titles, Rap- POLSTEiN is converted into D£ Ribeaupierre, and Mumpelgard into de Montbeillard.
APPENDIX K. EXTINCTION OF THE SMALLER GENTRY.
In the first chapter of this volume I have remarked upon the influence which the Wars of the Roses exercised in the extinction of many noble and gentle houses in England. But Mr Baring- Gould has carried his investigation of thesubject much further than I had the opportunity of doing, and he has recently shown that the same process went on among the smaller gentry, as a result alike of the Civil War of the Commonwealth, and of the more peaceful agrarian changes which took place at the close of the seventeenth, and in the early part of the eighteenth century. His facts are not only interesting to the general reader, but have so direct a bearing on several matters referred to by myself that I make no apology for bringing some of them under notice here, and I only regret that I was unable to utilise them more prominently.
Without a direct investigation we can scarcely realise how whole- sale has been the disappearance of the smaller gentry ; but both Parish Registers, and the Heralds^ Visitations, as well as other heraldic records, give us most valuable materials for appreciating it.
In his interesting work on Old Country Life ^ Mr Baring-Gould takes as an example the Parish of Ugborough in his own county (South Devon). He tells us that he finds in its Parish Registers of the sixteenth century the names of eleven families, all of gentle blood, all armigeri^ and occupying good houses on small estates. In the seventeenth century he finds twenty-two, of whom, however, there are only six whose names appear in the former list. But in the eighteenth century only two remained whose names are to be found in either list, and by the middle of the nineteenth century all were gone ; not a single family of resident gentle folk remained in the parish ; their lands had been swallowed up by larger estates, and their mansions are now at best farm houses.
This is only one out of thousands of examples of a change which was universal in England. The crumbling away of small estates
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seems to have taken place mostly at the close of the seventeenth century, and at the commencement of the following one. The Civil War was directly responsible for the extinction of many families of the smaller gentry ; and, indirectly, for the impoverish- ment and agrarian difficulties which brought about the degradation, if not the extinction, of many more. At the close of the war the Land Tax was twenty per cent, of its gross value ; and mortgage interest stood at seven and eight per cent. The smaller gentry had, indeed, nothing of the modern pseudo-gentility which professes an aversion to trade, and the younger sons of armigerous families continually found in it, to a very much greater extent than is commonly believed, the means of a more comfortable and useful existence than if the supposed requirements of their gentility had kept them adscripti gleba. As years went on and the low price of com (especially in 1 666-1 671) brought harder times still to the small proprietors, one after another went under. The wealthier squires extended their estates and influence by the purchase of the heavily burdened lands of the small proprietors, who, compelled by lack of means to a stay-at-home existence little above vegetation, found themselves year by year further out of touch with their wealthier and more influential neighbours, who were better educated, or at least had the means of seeing more of the world, and taking some part in public affairs.
Some, indeed, by thrift, judicious marriages, or by purchases of land from embarrassed neighbours, gradually added field to field, and so rose into the rank of the squirearchy ; but many dropped into the condition of yeomen, and others lower still. As the colonies increased, and fortunes were made in commerce, or in the slave-tilled plantations of sugar or tobacco ; and as the mineral wealth, and manufactures of the mother country were exploited, the wealth that thus accrued was naturally expended in the purchase of land. The small proprietors often had to give place to those who had thus acquired wealth which they wished to invest, and who were sometimes novi homines desiring to found a family ; but who quite as frequently descended from families which had suffered a temporar)' eclipse under the conditions above stated, and which a very few generations back had been as "gentle and armigerous" as those whom they now displaced. And this process still goes on, and must in the nature of things go on increasingly. Some writers of the present day who think they enhance the value of a coat of arms by writing pages of incredibly snobbish rubbish about the physical superiorities which invariably attach, in
( 4H )
a generation or two, to the duly-certified armigeri^ will perhaps tell us whether these people had become so contaminated by their connection with trade and commerce that their gentility had become obliterated ; and whether they had ceased to become " gentlemen " because they had not complied with a fancied requirement utterly unknown to English law, by rematriculating their ancestral arms, or registering their pedigrees in the (in those times at least, not very highly esteemed) College of Arms !
With regard to the extinction as land-owners of armigerous families, we find that the Heralds* Visitations give most valuable confirmatory evidence. Of 1 24 Devonshire families whose arms, etc. are recorded in the Visitation of 1620, no less than 113 are to all appearance extinct in the male line, a few are represented as land-owners by females. But it is in the last degree improbable that the extinction was complete; multitudes of descendants of their cadets are doubtless included in the d toWoI who are not consciously entitled to arms (though their right is only dormant), and who consequently do not share in the " aristocracy of physique, or the aristocracy of beauty" (see Mr Fox Davies' preface), but who will eventually "put themselves and their successors right" by getting a grant of a brand new coat, and in time acquire these physical advantages !
Out of the 195 families whose pedigrees, etc. are recorded in the Berkshire Visitation of 1694, few survive in their original position. In i6or, there were ninety gentle families in the County of Bucking- ham ; by 1824 no less than eighty-seven were extinct as land-owners, though it is to be hoped that some remnants of gentility, as well as the right to armorial insignia^ still adhered to the dispossessed and to their offspring !
APPENDIX L. ARMES PARLANTES.
Nothing is more certain than that by far the largest number of the arms assumed in early times were phonetic in character — artnes parlantes — allusive to the name, title, or office of the bearer.
The notion at one time current in this country that such arms belonged to the degenerate days of heraldry, and were a sign of debasement, is thoroughly refuted by an examination of our own Rolls o/ArmSy and a reference to the Wappenrolle von Ziirich^ and
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other early foreign authorities. In them the canting element is proponderant, and proves to be so more and more as we investigate the changes which have taken place in the French and other languages within the last six centuries, and the varying names of animals and other charges in provincial dialects. Many armorial allusions which in early times were obvious are now entirely lost, or require much research for their discovery. Probably very nearly all early coats were in some way allusive or parlantes. MENtXRlER derives an argument for the date he assigns to the rise of hereditary arms, not only from this fact that the arms were for the most part the symbol of a surname ; but from the very language of blazon which contains terms no longer in general use, but which were so in the eleventh and twelfth centuries. The examples selected from the Rolls of Arms in illustration of the earlier portion of this book will show how very largely the bearings selected played upon the names of the wearers. Mr Ellis's view is that in the case of many families it is impossible to say whether they took their names from their arms, or vice versa; an opinion in which he stands almost alone among critical investigators of the subject. It is in Scandin- avia alone, — where the adoption of surnames under Gustavus Adolphus was long posterior to the use of armorial bearings (old King Gustavus was never called Vasa in his lifetime), that we find any warrant for the idea that the name was derived from the bearings of the shield. In Scandinavia a large number of family names were thus derived ; not only where the name is that of an animal, but there are very many instances of such appellations as Lejonhufvud (lion's head), HjORTSHORN (stag's horn), Sparre (chevron), Stierna, Cronhjelm, Gyllenskjold, Gyllen- SPARRE, Gyllenstjerna, Oxenstjerna, Silfwerhjelm, etc., all derived from the bearings of the shield.
But in the southern kingdoms the reverse was the case, and the examples I have selected from the armory of all the Continental nations abundantly prove this position. Some of the allusions may seem to us very far-fetched, but a pun was dear to the mediaeval mind. " Tout ce qui, dans la nature ou dans les arts, pouvait donner naissance k une Equivoque dtait mis k contribution.** I have engraved from Eysenbach, on Plate II., fig. 3, of this Volume, a seal which, though not armorial, is an excellent instance of the taste of the time. It is that of Gui de Munois, monk of St. Germain PAuxerrois. The cowled ape in the sky, scratching its back with its hand, was a hieroglyphic in which all might read : Sini^e-atr-main-doS'Serre^ — Saint Germain d'Auxerre !
INDEX
INDEX.
A Ay cumiif II., 35.
„ VAN-DBR, amu, I., 103, 154. AACHEN, armM, I., 296. Abaiui, I., 450. ABARGA, antu, I., 408. ABARIA, anns, I., 99. Abaudy 1., 415. Abaaaide Khalifa, llanner of the,
I., 37. Abaitmentit I., 415. ABBATI, armt, I., 131. ABBENBK0EK8, a^^nt, I., 408. ABBEVILLE DAL^NONCOURT, armt,
I., 180. ABEL, anN«, L, 208. ABERBURY, arms, L, 135 ; PI. XII., fig.
4, p. 131. ABERCORN, HAMILTON, Earl of,
OiTlllty XL, 15.
ABERCROHBY, of Birkenbog, II., 42.
„ „ Fettemear, anut, XL,
42. ABERDEEN, anna, I., PI. XXXV., flg- 5, p. 876. arm* and 9tal, X. , 189. City, artHif I., 377. „ GORDON, Earl of, aniu,
I., 191. ABERDEENSHIRE, Names, II., 5. ABERGAVENNY, Marqueaa of, arm,
IL, 55. ABERNBTHY, ann», I. 115, 144 : PI. X.,
fig. 6, p. Uti; IL, 139, 189. ABERNOUN, Sir JOHN D', Inau, I.,
146. ABICI, ann», I., 410. A BILLON, ann«, I., 197. Abitnt, I., 450.
ABINGDON, Earlaof, aruu, I., 869. ABLEIGES, MAUPEOU, Cointes d',
amu, X., 251. Altotiti, I., 450.
ABOYNE, CHARLES, Earl of, amu, X., 191. „ ]£arl of, ann*, I., PI. XX., flg.
12, p. 180. „ The Recorda of, II., 58.
ABRY. ESTOGES, Dnoad', arm», I., 122. ABSBBRG, antu, I., PI., VI., fig. 10, p.
94. ABSPBRG, VON, ann; I., 98. Accolade in Knighthood, I., 11. Aceoii, I., 451. Aecompagnij th, I., 451.
ACCORAMBONI, oiimj, I., 302. Accomi, 1., 451. Accosti, I., 451. AecoiUd, 1., 451. Acet'&upi, I., 451. AccuU, I., 451.
ACHAIA, JAMES, Titalar Prince of, II., 205.
„ LOUIS, Prince of, ami*, II., 205.
„ PHILIP, Prince of, II., 204, 205.
,, Princes of, amu, II., 41. AOHAIB, LOUIS, Bdtard, D', arwu, II.,
205. ACHAIUS, Mythical King of Soots,
I., 187, 353 ; II.. 346. ACHARD, ivpporteia, II., 291. ACHEY DE THORAISB, Maiquises,
arm», I., 365. ACON, JOAN of, arnu, II., 71. Acornt (u ehargtt, I., 358. ACQUAVIVA, Dukea of ASTI, ai-nu, I.,
227. ACRE. Roll, II., 103. ACTON, anm, II., 44.
EDWARD \)Z, arma, II., 44. ADAL, 1., 4.
ADALBERT, arma, I., 182. ADAM, arnia, I., 208.
„ supposed to be the first herald, I..
18. ADAMOLI, ai-nM, I., 208. Adder nowed, I., PI. XXX., fig. 1, p.
304. ADDERBURY, aitna, L, 135. Addera aa ekargta, I., 287. ADDINGTON, Lord, creal, IL, 248. Addmaed, I., 234, 415. Addoaaia, I., 234. Adding, I., 7.
ADELSBAGH, ai-ma, 11., 899. Adextri, I., 452. ADILS, King, helm, IL, 227. ADLER8TJERNA, artiu, L, 327. ADMIRAL, LORD HIGH, badge, II., 400. ADOLF, Emperor, IL, 157.
„ King of the Romans, eoina, I.
258. Ailoaa^, L, 452. Adoaaia, I., 283. ADRIA, arma, II. , 133. ADRXANI, arma, I., 248. Adaeripti Oleba, I., 4, 8.
( 4«6 )
JX)LUB, head at a charge, I.. SIS. JESCHACH, arnu, II., PI. XIV., fig. 4,
p. 162. .£SCHTLUS, Emblems described bj, I., 17. „ quoted, I., 19.
AJTauMi, I., 452. APPAITATI, arnu, I., 302. APPENSTKIN, arwt, I., 2&2; PI.
XXVII., fig. 12, p. 250. APPLEGK, arms, I., 18S. APPONSO 11!., King of PORTUGAL,
II.. 203. Affrwuti, I., 415, 452. AffuU, I., 452.
AGAMEMNON, a^-^m, I., 10. AG LIE, $tt S. MARTIN. AGINCOURT, BatUe of, 11., 220, 311. Agitf, L, 452. Affneau-Ptucalt I., 452. AGNELLI, MarqnU, aniu, I., 248. AGOULT, Marqaiaesd', arm; L, 241. AG RAIN, EU»TAGI1E d'. Prinoe of
SIDON and CJilSAREA, amu, I.,
128. Am-itultunU ImpUmenU (U eharges, I.,
408. AGUIAR, OSORIO, Ihike of, aniw, II.,
lao.
AGUIX)N, JOANNE, d', arms, II., 72. „ ROBERT, arm*, I., 849.
„ d', arw, II., 72.
AHLEFELD, arm*, I., 244. Aiffit, I., 452.
f, Maind', I., 458. Atptotu, AigUtteM, I., 453. Aiguitrf, I., 453. Aiffuisi, L, 188, 458. AiffuUie CroMt, I., 171 ; fig. 66, p. 178. Ailf, L, 458.
,, or A i»U, I., 415. AiletUt, IL,415. AILLY, an^M, H., 48. AIL8A, KENNEDY, Earl of, artM, I.,
172. Air<, I., 458. AIRE, anM, I., 329.
AIRLY, OGILVY, Earl of, arm*, I., 280. Ajoure, I., 453. Ajouri*, I., 167. AjuMi, I., 458. ^jiu<^, I., 458. ALAMANI, amut, I., 104. Alant, 1., 415. ALARIG, II., 810. ALARGON, ISABELLA, D', arnu, II.,
129. ALBAGHSEN, arms, II., 899. ALBANIA, amis, II., 125, 134. ALBANY, ALEXANDER, Duke of , armir, 56. CHARLES STUART, Duke of,
a^tiis, II., 19. HENRY. Dttke of, IL, 95. ISABELLA, Dacbees of, II., PL H., fig. 7, p. IS; suppoTt- crt 272. JOHN. Dnke of, L, 191. LEOPOLD, Dnke of, label, tig. 7. IL, 21, 22. „ ROBERT, Duke of, I., 188; II., 55, 57. „ STEWART, Dttke
of, icrtath, 1 1., 248.
fi
•I
ft •»
ti If II
»i
ALBASTER, arms, L, 866. ALBEMARLE, KEPPEL, Earl of,
L, 287. RICHARD B B A U- CHAMP, Earl of, arms, II., 109. ALBERGHI, arnu, L, 82. ALBERICI, anus, I., 82. ALBERT, Emperor of tbe Romana, arms, L, 258. MEDAL, II., 860.
Ribbon of, IL, SOO. PIERRE D', IL, 404. ALBERTA8, Marqois d', orau, I.,
241. ALBERTS, arms, I., 229. ALBERTI, arm*, I., 871 ; PI. XXXIV., fig. 11, p. 864. „ supporters, II., 891.
ALBINI, WILLIAM D', Earl of SUSSEX,
^gy, I., 51. ALBTzZI, arms, I., 205. ALBM, VON DER, arms, L, 181. ALBORNOY, arms, IL, 130. ALBRET, arms, L, 78 ; IL, 86.
ARNAUD D', MHppmttn, IL, 2S0.
CHARLES D", arm*, It,, 161. Comtes d', arms, II., 28. D*, supporters, II., 2^. ALBUQUERQUE, ai-ms, IL, 20t, SOS;
PL XVI I L, fig. 4,
E. 184. LTRAN, Duke of, IL, 29. CUEVA, Dvkee of. arms, 1 1., 29. Alqpon. I., 454. ALDAM, arms, L, 141, 156. ALDENBURG, VON, I., 96. ALEGRE, Marqals de TOURZEL, arms,
L, 122. ALSMANNI, The, I., 6. ALENCON, arms, 1 1., 59.
and CHAMAILLART, di- midiated, antis, IL, PI. v., fig. 2, p. 76. „ CHARLES, Comta d', sup-
porters, 1 1., 277. Dukes of, arm*, 1 1., 28. JEAN IV., Comte d\ av^ porttr, 1 1., 276. ,, PHILIPPE DB BBLB8ME,
Comte d*. ami', I., 150. AL^RION, I., 270, 454. Alisi,Alezf,l.,4!>$.
ALESSANDRI, Counts, arms, I., 248. ALESSO, Marquis d'ERAQUV, anus, I.,
298. ALEXANDER IL, Emperor of RUSSIA,
IL, 163. IL, King of SCOTLAND,
L, 102 ; «ea/, 187. IIL, Kingof SCOTI.ANP, I., 122 : seal, 187 ; e»*•^ 1 1., 228; PL
XXL.fig. 8,p. 230, IIL, Pope, L, 41. IIL, Pope, arms, I., 178. IV., Pope, arms. I., 268. VI I., Pope, ariUM, I., 836. ant*s, I., PI. X., fig. II,
p. 116. Earl of STIRLING, arm*, L, 118, 119.
II
II
If i» If •I
( 417 )
ALEXANDER, JOHN, of KingUasie, aruM, I., 149. „ the Great, I., 20; sup*
posed an»4t, 20. ALEXANDROWICZ, Counts, arm*, I.,
Stf8 ALEXIUS L, Greek Emperor, L, 30. ALF, aruu, L, 867. ALFIBRr, aruiM, I., 267. ALFONSO VIIL, King of CASTILE, L,
347. XL, King of SPAIN, XL, 201,
202. of CASTILE, King of the Romans, teal, I., 256. ALFONZO of Spain, teed*, I., 63. ALGARVES, anu», L, 878. ALHAMBRA, Decorations of the, I.,
89. AUCB, Princess, label, fig. 4, II., 20,
28. ALIGHIERI, DANTE, anN«, L, 1S6. ALINGTON, Lord, arm*, L, 197. ALKEVEDERS, ariM, L, 252. ALKMAAR, ar»ui, I., 150. ALLEHAN, AYMAR, ana*, L, 54.
„ EUDES, Seignear dee
CHAMPS, anti*, I., 54. GUI, anM«, I., 54. ODO, ai-m*, I., 54. of Vaubonnois, arm*, I., 55. SIBOUD, Bishop of GRE- NOBLE, ana*, I., 55. ALLEN, arm*, L, 185.
„ J. ROMILLY, Christian 8ym- bolinu, I., SOS, 316. AlUi-wn, L, 270, 415. ALLEYN, arm*, I., 165. Alligator a* a charge, I., 291. ALLIXGHAM, ann*, I., 393; PI.
XXXVIL, fig. 3, p. 394. ALLOIS, ana*, 1., 192. AUumf, I., 454.
ALM VON DER, ann*, I., 131. ALMACK, matto, IL, 887. ALMOND, ai»M, I., 156. ALOST, BAUDOIN DE OAND, Seigneur
d', ana*, I., 128. Alphabet, Letter* of, a* charge*, L, 409. ALPHONSO VL, King of SPAIN, I.,
177. ALQUERIA DB BOIGUES, ana*, 1.,
297. ALSACE, arww, IL, 167.
„ MARIE, wife of MATTHIEU, D',Mal, IL,818. PH I LI PPE D', Comte de FLAN- DRE, teat, I., 84; helm, IL, 228. ALSTON, ana*, IL, 198. ALTAMIRA, OSORIO, Count of, arm*,
II. , 130. ALTDORP, ConnU von, ana*, I., 225. ALTENBERG, arm*, II. , 884. ALTENBURG, ana*, IL, 883.
„ Burg-gravate of, arm*, I.,
343. ALTENBCK, HEFNER, quoted, L, 77. ALTHANN, Barons, ana*, I., 410. ALTHUSEN, oi-»w, L, PI. IX., fig. 3,
p. 106. ALTIBRI. IL, 408. ALTORFP, arm*, I., PL VI L, fig. 10,
p. 98. ALTROCK, arm*, IL, 165.
VOL. II.
ALSTETEN, annt, I., 102. ALVA, ALVAREZ DE TOLEDO, Duke of, ann», I., 109. „ Duke of, I., 108, 836. „ TOLEDO, Dukes of, tupportert, IL, 291. ALZON, arm*, I., 106. AMADEO, King of SPAIN, armt, U.,
111. AM ANT, armt, L, 215. Amaranth, I., 08. AMBBSACB, arm*, L, 403. AMBLISE, ESTOGES, Princes d', arm*,
L, 122. AMB0I8B, urmt, L, 100; PL VIIL, fig. 1. p. 100. „ ' D', *ee BUS8Y, L, 162. AMELIA, Princess of GREAT BRITAIN,
laUt, 1 1., 22. AMELIN, D', tee VRANX. AMELOT, IL, 405. American Eagle, I., 271. AMERONGBN, D', gee TAETS. AMES, ana*, I., 80. Ataethytt, I., 72, 415. AMHERST, Earl, I., 364. AMICI, ana*, L, 96. AMIK, Emir, rente, I., 39. AMMIANUS MARCELLINUS, L, 804. AMORI, D', arm*, L, 108.
ELIZABETH, D', teal, IL,' 71.
„ ROGER, D', antu, IL, 71.
Ataphiptht a* a charge, I., 308, 454. Amphitbine, I., 454. Amphitbonia, I., 415. AMPTHILL, Baroness, ana*, IL, 126.
„ JjAy, arm*, IL, PI. XVIIL,
fig. 6, p. 184. AMPURIAS, ana*, I., 103. AMSTERDAM, ana*, I., 156, 296. AMUNDEVILLE, ana*, L, 183. Amu*eraent, Inttruraenttof, at charge*, I.,
403. ANCASTER, Dukes of, arm*, I., 869. ANCEZUNE, Dues de CADEROUSSE,
ana*, L, 807. Anche, I., 454. Anchor <u a charge, I., 386. Ancolie, I., 454. ANCRAM, ana*, L, 387. Aiicr^, I., 454.
Aticreil, or Anchored., L, 415. Ancre^, Cro**, I., 167. ANDELOT, COLIGNY, Marquesses d',
ana*, I., 268. ANDERSBN, arm*, L, 131. ANDERSON, ai-m*, L, 245.
„ Dr JOSEPH, Scotland in
Eartv Chrt*tian Timet, IL, 309. ANDBRTON, anat, I., 371. ANDLAU, Barons, ana*, L, 152. ANDRE, D', Seigneurs de Montfort, II. ,
404. ANDRES, BAUX. Due d', ai-m*, I., 325. ANDRONICUS PALiEOLOGUS, eoint,
I., 261. ANDUSB, Seigneur d', IL, 405. ANFREVILLE, we GUYOT. Angemme, on Angenne, I., 454. Angenne, I., 415. AngU, I.. 454. Angled, I., 415. ANGLER! A, Lordship, arm*, I., 288.
2 E
( 4'8 )
II
n II II
ANGLETERRE, LE ROY D', amit, 11.,
PL, XL, fig. 1, i». 144. ANGLURE, Connte de BOURLEMONT,
ami', I., 122. Jngon, I., 454. ANGOULfiME, anat, II., 151.
CHARLES DE VALOIS, Due d', <«•»*<«, II., 1P4. „ Dukes of, labtlt II.,
24. HENRI, Cbevalier d', arniJi, II., 194. „ ISABEL, daughter of
AMAURI, Count of, aniu, II., 319. ANGRIA, Ducliy, anns, I., 330. A XG U ILL A R A, an)M, I., 130; IL, 278;
mnna, 73. ANGUISSOLA, antis, I., 90. ANGUIVARIA, I^nlBhip, avuiB, I., 288. ANGUS, arwit, IL, 270.
„ DOUGLAS, Earl of, crest, I., SOS; IL, 68; arnm, 190. Earls of, arm*, L, 189 ; IL. 140. GILBERT DE UMFRAVILLE, Earl of, artuM, L, 340. „ MARGARET STUART, CountesB of, amis, IL, 19; iwnl, r>8, 73, 270. STEWART, Earl of, ami*, IL, 69. ANHALT, amis, L, 74, 207; IL, 338. Dukes of, aimui, IL, 85. Princes of, amu, L, 339. cochuh, II., 377. Anillt, I., 4.'>4. AniUie, L, 455. Animalt Charges, L, 206, 221, ?54, 281,
299. Aniuif, I., •455. ANJORRANT, Marquises of, ana*, L,
352. ANJOU, amis, II. , 105, 290, 321,
,, Bastards of the House of, anas, IL, 190. CHARLES of, seal, IL, 90; sHpportO'M, 273. „ „ Comte d', seal,
L, 847. Counts of, IL, 214, 309, 810. Dukes of, a)-ni« L, 114; IL, 27,
124, 159 ; label, 24. FALCOZ DE LA BLACHE, Corates d', amis, L, 273. „ OEOFFROI PLANTAGENET, Count d', tomb and arms, I., 45. „ JOHN, Count of, amts, IL, 27. „ LOUIS, Duo d", supporter, II.,
270. „ MARGARET of, arms, II. , 321. „ PHILIP, Due d*, amis, IL, 111. PHILIPPE, Ducd*. IL, 112. RENE, Duke of, IL, 321. ,, of, seal, IL, 120. Tourney Regtilations of RENE Ducd', IL,390. ANNAN D, armit, I., l.W. ANN AND ALE, amis, 1 1., 56, 140.
„ liord of, I., amis, 164, 155.
ANNE, DAUPHINE, L, 283.
,, of AUSTRIA, Queen. nn»M, I L, 81. „ Queen of GREAT BRITAIN, IL, 20, 328.
II II
II 11 II i»
ANNE, Queen of GREAT BRITAIN, anus and supporUrs, IL, 326; iHotto, 835. ,, Queen of ENGLAND, anns, 1 1.,
PI. XXV I., fig. 8, T>. 380. „ Queen of GREAT BRITAIN, IL, 347. AnneUt, L, 455. ANNESLEV, arnu, I., 100. Annulet, L, 205, 410; PI. XXIL, fig. 8, p. 196. „ mark of fifth son, 1 1., 54. „ Stoned, L, PL XXIL, fig. 9, p. 190. ANNUNCIADA, Knights of the Onier of
the, p<irt7 ion, II., 252. „ Order of the, IL, 272.
ANNUNCIATION, ORDER OF THE,
IL, 272, 308. ANREP, «n>i«, I., 407. ANSELME, P^re, quoted, IJ., 195, 312. ANSI DEI, onN4, L, 140. ANSPACH, see BRANDENBURG. ANSTIS, Asiuloifia, IL, 272. AN8TRUTHER, amis, I., 157 ; PI. X VIL,
fig. 2, p. 150. ANTELLl, DONATO DE, arms, IL, 147. ANTELMI, amts, L. 3(^. AHUlo2)e, h, 410; PI. XXVIL, fig. 5. p. 250. ,, as a charge, I., 249. ANTIOCH, JOHN, Prince of, artM, II., 102. „ Principality of, anus, I., 152.
AntitiuaHes, Roll o/ Society oj, IL, 37.
,, qf Scotland, Procetdings of.
IL, 257. Antique (\ V, I., 455.
„ Crow^is, I., PI. XXXVIL, fig. 5, p. 894. ANTO!NG,oniu, L, 226. ANTONELLI, ami*, L, 209. Ants as chari'es, L, 297. ANTWERP, amis, I ., ftkO.
•• City, anns, I., 377.
ANVIN, amis, L, 197. AOSTA, Duchy of, anns, I., 227. APCHIER, Marquis d', amis, I., 377. Ape an a charge, I., 252. APELFREFEND, HENRY, anus, II., 43. „ WILLIAM, OJTM*, 1 1.,
43. APELVOISIN, amis, L, 382. APFALTRER, l^irons, amis, I., 834. APOLLO, winged horse of, L, 313. Ajiparel, ictanng, as charges, 1., 407. Apjmnm^, L, 41(3, 455. APPELBOOM, a^iHS, L, 334. Apiiendioes, A, IL,395; B, 390; C, 396; D, 897; E, 898; F, 899; G, 400; H. 402; 1,403; K, 409; L, 411. APPLAU, amis, I., 396. Apple Tree, a* a charge, L, 334. APPLEGH, ami*, L, 252. Ajyples as charges, L, 358. APPLETON, arm*, L, 35S. Appointe, L, 455. APREECE, amis, I., 804. Atfuilan, I., 455. AQUIN, amis, I., 158. AQUINO, Dues de CASOLI, aniu, J
105. AQUITAINE, ELF^ANORE of, IL, 318. Arab, FUur-dt'lis, fig. 11, L, 89.
( 419 )
ARBALE8TES, Vicomtes de, MELUN,
amis, I., 36tf. AKBALESTIER, anu^, I., 366. ARBOUVILLE, CHAMBON, Marquis d',
arms, I., 103. ARBUTHXOT of Findowrie, araw, II.,
15.
ARC, Brothentof JEANXB D', «»•»«, I,, 349. „ JEANNE D', I., PI. XXXIV., fig.
1, p. 364. „ L', «« DOUET. ARCH-MARSHALSHIP, amut, I., 863. ARCHAMBAULTS, «n>w, I., 62. Arch* de Nor, I., 455. Arched^ I., 416. ARCHBL, L', fen)M, I., 377. ARCHER, avin*, I., 367, 379; H., 08 ; PI.
XXXIV., fig. 6, p. 364. ARCHIAC, MarquUd', a/«M, I., 272. Architren, I., 455.
Archinologia, I., 69, 79, 263; II., 72,
220, 232, 307. „ JFliana, II., 87, 93,
104, 212, 288. „ Cantiarui, I., 83; II.,
275. ARCO, Count* d', ar»i», I., 360 ; II., 186. ARC08, PONCE DE LEON, Duke of,
aruis, 11., 180. Arete, I., 455. ARCY, D", arniM, I., 184, 841.
„ NOR.MAN, Baron D', seal, II., 66. Ardent, I., 455.
ARDILAUN, Lord, BupporterM, II., 296. ARENBERO, Duchy, «n>M, II,, 116.
„ MARGARET, sLster of
Count of, II., 116. „ Princes of, aruu, II., 116.
ARENSBERO, County, amu, 1., 267. ARE8EN, arum, L, 242. ARFETTI, a»j>w, I., 210. ARGENgON, D', «« BOFFIN. ARGENSOLA, amu, I., 358. Argent, L, 66, 72, 416, 455. „ field alone, I., 73. „ or Silver, I., PL III., fig. 2, p. 66. ARGENTEUIL, Comt43 D', an/w, I., 195. ARGENTINE, D*, amiM, I., 397. ARGUS, Heful a» a charge, I., 213. Argus, Tfted", I., 456. ARGYLB, ARCHIBALD, Duke of, II.,
192. ARGYLL, Duke of, arms, I., 04, 884 ; IL,
56. ARGYLLSHIRE, names, II., 5. ARIANO, Counts D', wrww, I., 226.
JKAN DE GUEVARA, Comte d', ^rrtath, II., 248. ARIOONIO, anns, I., 831, 380; PI.
XXXV., fig. 8, p. 876. ARIOSTO, Orlando Ftirioso, I., 19, 289,
316, 336. ARISTOTLE, I., 20. Arilhuutical figures <w charges, I., 409. ARKEL, arms, L, 108, 135, 138 ; PI. XIL,
fig. 9, p. 134. ARLOTT. ar,ns, I., 238. ARM, HUMAN, as a charge, I., 217. Ariiia hujuinnda, I., 113. ARMAGH, Archbishop of, II., 349.
ARMAGH, See of, arms, I., 391. ARMAGNAC, Counts of, amis, I., 225. „ JEAN, Comte d', smI, I.,
64. ARM AILL^, DE LA FOREST, Marquises
D', a»-Mi4i, II., 42. ARMANBS, tirms, I., 102. Anne, I., 456. Armed, I., 224, 416. ARM ELLIN I, arms, L, 150. ARMENIA, arm*, II., 103, 133, 838. Armes/ausses, I., 75.
„ „ Us, II., 399.
,, Parlantes, II., 411. ,, -pleines, I., 456. ,, ;)Ottr «u/u^i"ir, II., 113. Anni de Municipj Toscani, I., 323. Armigeri natalitii, I., 14. Armorial beai'ings. Origin of, I., 20.
„ d€ Berry, I., 82, 83, 409 ; II., 24,
40. 48. ,, ,, Geldre, Oelre, or Oueldre, I., 114, 165, 175, 350, 374, 378, 389, 408 ; arrtis, 179 ; IL, 34, 35, 40, 47, 48, 219, 239, 245, 248, 249. „ Insignia, Origin of, I., 2, 16. Armory, Art of, 1., 2. „ Oriental, I., 88. ,, Origin of present system, I.,
32. „ System of, in JAPAN, I., 22. Armour, temp Norman Conquest, I.,
58. Armoyi, I., 416. Annoy^e, II., 245.
Arms, I., PL, XXIIL, fig. 10, p. 206. ,, Kings of, annit, II., 202. ,, ,, coronets, II., 269.
„ National, II., 317, 835. ,, of Expectation, 11., 07. „ Ojfflcial, II., 144. ,, on 'coins, I., 46. „ ,, fM>aIs, I,, 46. ,, „ sepulchral monuments, I., 44. „ RolU of, I., 33. ,, Transference of right in, II., 402. AR.MSTRONG, arms, L, 210. ,, creKt, II., 244.
ARNIM, Count*, anns, L, 137. ARNOLET DE LOCH E FONTAINE,
arms, L, 161. ARNSTADT, arms, IL, 113. ARNSTEIN, Lords of, arms, L, 267. AROUET DE VOLTAIRE, an>u, I.,
832. ARPAJON, Ducd', anus, L, 400. ARQUIEN, amis, IL, 35. ARQUIN VILLI ER8, arms, L, 82. Anachi, I., 416, 456.
ARRAGON, arms, I., 165 ; PL XL, fig. 9, p. 128 ; II., 00, 105, 123, 124, 128, ISO, 184, 169, 202, 278, 823, 324. CATHARINE of, IL, 151. CHARLOTTE of, 1 1., 128. DE CORDOVA, Don LOUIS RAYMOND, rr^-f, L, 310. Don FERDINAND D', an,u,
IL, 124. KATHARINE, of, ar»u, II.,
823 ; badge, 223. Kings of, arms, I., 132. SICILY, an>«, IL, 202.
»»
M U
( 420 )
>l
if
ARRAX, arms, I., S85; II., 1P2. „ Carl of, II., 192, 198. „ GORE, Earl of, amu, I.. 172. „ JAMES, Earl uf, aruut, II., 191. ARUAS, an)M. I., 388.
„ See of, anujt, I., 252. ARREAU, arau, I., 367. Anrte {Poaf), I., 456. AntU-de-Lance, I., 456. Ji'Tiere-Main, I., 450. ARRIPB, D', ami*, I., 356. ArrondU, I., 416, 456. An-Qtc, I., PI. XXXIV., ilg. 6, p. 864. Ai"iV»» as chargtiy I., 867. AltSCHOT, ARNOLD, Count of, wtM, II., 12. GROY, Marquiaw d', a}*m«,
I., 188. GEOFFREY D', atst, II.,
228.
GUILLAUME, Marqnis d*. ariM, II., 50. ARTBN8AC, I)', $ee CAMELS. ARTBVELDE, PHILIP VAX, L, 202.
,, VAN, ai-oity I., 866.
Artichoke* a* ehiu'ife*, I., 861. ARTIN PASHA, Le Blazon ehttz U* Prince*
Miitutiitanf* et de la %in«, I., 89. ARTOIS, arm*, IL, 72, 78, 277.
„ BLANCHE, daughter q^
ROBERT, Comte d', II., 17. „ JEAXXE, Counteas of, II., 72. „ laUl, II., 24.
ROBERT, Comte d', II., 78; ana*, 16. ,, ,, D', *hieUi, from seal
of, I., PI. II., flg. 6, p. 50. ARUNDEL, ann*, I., 278; baJtfe, II., 400. „ BEATRICE, Counteu of,
*€al, II., 96. „ EDMUXD DB, tujiporUr*,
11., 280. FITZ-ALAN, Earl of, ann*,
IL, ISO. JOHN, Earl of, ann*, II.,
104. RADULPHUS DB, anjw, IL, 179, 180. „ RICHARD, Earl of, IL, 180.
„ Sir WILLIAM, lanibitquiH,
IL,245. „ THOMAS FITZALAN, Earl
of, IL, 202. ASCHAU, arm*, L, 67. A8CHB, Sir DB, or»M, IL, 13. AS6ILL, ere*t, I., SOP. A»h colour, I., 67. ASH LB Y, ert*t, L, 810. ASLOWSKI, arnu, L, 102. ASPBXBLL, ami*, L, 290. ASPERO, arm*, I., 889. ASPERMONT, County, anti*, IL, 117.
„ Lordship of, arm*, 1 1., 58.
A*per*etl, I., 416.
ASPREMONT, GUILLAUME D', arm*, L, 200; IL, 14. ,, lordship of, arm*, I.,
152 ; IL, 68. A** a* a charge, h, 249. ASSCHB, Marquises d', ami*, L, 287. A»*i*, L, 416, 466. Astec Prinoe», I., 23. Aster* a* charge*, L, 354.
>i
ti
ASTI, ACQUAVIVA, Dukee of, arai*, L,
227. ASTLB'y, iHulge, IL, 400.
Earl of SHAFTESBURY, cwm, I., 246. „ Lord, amn*, I., 340. ASTOX, arau, L, 91 ; PI. V.. fig. 8, p. 88. ASTRACHAN, erotrn, IL, 2G2. A8TRAKAN, arm*, IL, 838. Astronomical charge*, I., 821.
,, planctaiy »tgt\9 as charge*,
I., 327. At gaze, L, 245. AT AIDES, arm*, L, 103. AthenaruM, L, 358. ATHLONE, REEDEOIXKEL, EarlB of,
arm*. I., 1.S7. ATHOLE, ai-M*, IL, 189.
Dukes of, arm*, I., 220. Earldom of, ann*, I., 100. Earls of, arm*, L, 384. REGINALD, Earl of. gnp- p<n-ta-*, 1 1., 274. „ STEWART, Earl of, amu, II.,
56. WALTER STEWART, Earl of, arm*, IL, 139 ; Inulge, 226. ATT I, ISOTTA. medal, I., 243. ATTICHY, MOXTMORENCYL.AVAL
D', arm*, IL, 6.S. Attired, L, 244, 416. Attire*, L, 244, 416. AUUBR, arm*, h, 182. AUBERTS, ann*, I., 74. AUBIGNE, GUILLAUMB D*. ann*, IL, 61. „ RAOUL D', ann*, IL, 50.
AUBIGNY, arm*, IL, 141, 182. D', arm*, I., 134. JAMES, STUART, Sire d*.
IL, 141. LOUISE, DE PENAXCOfiT DB KEROUALLE, Duchess of, 1 1., 182. AUBRAIS, DES, arm*, L, 388. AUBUSSON, o»**M, I., PL XVI., fig. 2, p. 154. „ Comte de la FEUILLADE,
ann*, I., 168. „ Dues de la ROXNAIS, cinn*,
L, 168. AUCE, GARCIA ARXAUD, Comte d*,
*eal, I., 48. AUCHENLECK, arm*, L, 138, 162. AUDELE, HUGH, Baron de, amu, II., 64. „ Sir JAMBS, IL, 18.
AUDELEY, ami*, I., 106. AUDLEY, THOMAS DE, arm*, IL, 76. „ TOUCHET, Lord», amu, L^ 147. AUERBACH. Barons VON, anu*, L, 8S. AUERSPBRG, Princes of, am*, L, 347 ;
IL, 35. Augmentation, Diff'atnce by, IL, 68. AUGMENTATION, PAPAL, to Dukes of
URBINO, IL, 134. Augmentation*, IL, 148.
„ Jmperinl, 1 1., 166.
AUGUSTA, Princess, label, fig. 4, 1 1., 20.
22. AUGUSTIN, amu, L, 148. AUXOY, GUILLAUME D', amu, L, 128.
if
( 421 )
AURBERG, amu, I., 97 ; PL XVIIl., fig.
6, p. 158. AURBLLE DE LA FREDIERE, antt«,
I., 190. AUSCHWITZ, Dachy, oimm, II., 126. AUSSONNE, MiiniiiisM d\ nntu, I., 334. AUSTIN, anu*, I., 161. A natriaexardtit'it MtllicauiOvt illuttrataf II., 91. ,, Jllifshtita, II., 275. AUSTRIA, ori,«, I., 258, 270; II., 68, 70, 89, 90, 97, 121, 123, 131, 134, 159. 202, 814, 835. ALBERT, Archduke of, «ea/, II., 98. ,, Duke of, s€al, 11. ,
70, 249. „ of, I., 258.
-AXCIENT, anuM, II., 121. A.VNE of, aniM, II., 258. Arch-dacaJ, eroirn of, II., 263. „ Arclidnke ALBERT of, II.,
283. coronet of Biirons in, II.. 267. Ci'ttt, II., 238.
€s-Otr,i of, II., 121.
DON JOHN of, anut, IL, 202 ;
PL XVII., fig. 3, p. 178. Diikes of, cf<st-coronet, II.,
249 : »eaU, 70. Emiierora of, ariM, I., 225;
II. 339. FREDERICK, Duke of, ieal
and cre»t-foronet, II., 249. Iiii)i<rial stmuiaitlt II., 314. LEONORA of, tual, II., 95. LEOPOLD, Duke of, banrui;
1 1., 300; urn/, 249. MARGARET of, Mai, 1 1., 97. MARIE THERESA of, an,u, IL, 258. MAXIMILIAN of, IL, 107.
872. -MODERN, nnat, I., 264, 2iU> ;
IL. 78,81,326. RODOLPII, Duke of, cre*t-
coronft, IL, 249. RUDOLF IV., An-hduke of,
*trp)yot'Ur»^ IL, 279. OTTAKAR, Duke of, banntr,
IL, 801. UPPER, rtniw, IL, 120. AUSTRIAN, corkivJe, IL, 876.
EMPIRE, nnjiJt, IL. 335; PL XXVIL, fig. 1, p. 336. „ ,, >)c« CompM of,
fig. 12, IL, 118. AUTENRIED, Barons von, amu, I., 104. AUTHIER, IL,405. AUVERGNE, arnu, L, 2.SL
„ BERAUD III., Danphind',
L, 283. Conit«s d', armttf I., 376. DAUPHIN d', L, 232. GUILLAUME le Jeune, Comte d', I., 282. „ ROBERT v.. Count of,
avM», L, 389. m TOUR, L, 876. AUX, MarqiiL8d\ amui, I., 403. Arant-bron, L, 456. Arant-mur {or Pan de Mur)y I., 456.
»» »»
ft
i>
ft II )i
II
i»
II
II
II
II
AVARNA, Dukee of OUALTIERI, anM,
I., 134. AVAZZI, arm«, L, 294. AVAUGOUR, D', rt.«w, L, 128. AVELAND, HBATHCOTB, Lord, amu,
L, 204. AvtUaiu, L, 416.
„ Ct'oi»y L, 171. AVESNES, ALICE, wife of JEAN D', »ftU, L, 257. „ JEAN D', Count of HAIN-
AULT, IL, 83. „ „ n'e*e, II. , 229.
,, motto, IL, 886.
AVILLIERS, D", wim, L, 180. AVINEL, JOHN, «a/, L, 64. AVIZ, ORDER OF, IL, 292. AVOGLI, Counte, anjui, I., 244. AVOIR, PIERRE, 9up)MrUr$, II. , 279. Atou^, raroHft of an, II., 267. AVREMESNIL, MONTMORENCY D',
emu, 1 1., 02. Axf a* a chara*, L, 865. AXEL, JEAN D*, htlia, IL, 230. AYDIE, Marqnives de RIBERAC, artiu,
L, 250. AYLESFORD, FINCH, Earl of, arnu, I.,
802. Afflet», L. 416. AYLMBR, Ix>rds, avtM, I., 276.
„ nt4»o, IL, 385.
AYLOFFE, Sir JOSEPH, I., 28. AY8COUGH. oniw, I., 250. AZENPRUK, FRIEDRICH VON, arnu
IL, 100. Azur, L, 456. ,, d\ I., 66. ,, pUin, L, 78. Asurty L, 66, 72, 416. „ field alone, I., 73. „ or Bine, L, PI. III., fig. 4, p. 66. ,, Origin of word, L, 87. ,, represented by horizontal lines, L, 71. BABINGTON of Rothley, ormji, IL, 15. BACON, arm», L, 240.
,, The )Ki»itoM of the Ancients, L, 809. BACQUEVILLE, DB, arnu, L, 409. Badeiaire, I., 45<).
BADEN, Granit-dnchy of, nruttt, I., 140. „ nrtn$, IL, 840; rocLadf, 377. ,, Grand- Dukes of, antis, L, 225,
285; IL, 115. ,, Markgraves of, amu, IL, 114, 115; PL VL, fig. 5, p. 84. BADENWBILER, Lordship, amis, IL,
115. Batiffer as a eharpe, L, 251. BADGER, arms, L, 25L Badges, II. , 210, 400.
,, of Ottlers Oenrath shutlds, IL, 291. „ Oriental, L, 37. BADLESMERB, atm», L. 139. BAGDAD, Gates at, L, 39. BAGGB, arM», L, 197. BAGLIONI, Counts, anas, I., 134. BAGOT, arias, I., 150. dfSff'iit IL 4. BaArATION, Princes, anns, I., 400. BAIBBL, arias, \„ 318. BAIGNAUX, arms, I., 186. BAILLET8, DES, aitns, L, 143. BAILLEUL, anas, I., 88.
( 422 )
BAILLEUL, ENGUERRAND DE, armn,
II., 44. BAILLIE of remington, ai-nui, I., 820. Baillonn^, I., 416, 45(5. BAILLY quoted, II., 313. BAKER, arniA, I., 274. BALA 8ICILIANA, MarqniMS de la,
oiMur, II., 129. BALBA»ES, SPINOLA, Harqnis de \ob,
arnut, II., PL XVII I., fig. 2, p. 184. BALBI, ni-nui, I., 243. BALCKENSTAUT, aii,ii>, I., 104. BALDYN, o.rms, II., 185. BALFOUR, «»»«, I., 251.
„ 8ir JAME8, quoted, L, 228;
IL, 30. BALINCOURT, TE8TU, Marquis de,
arm», I., 234. BALIOL, a>'WM, I., PI. XX., fig. 8, p. 180.
„ HUGH DE, aniif, II., 35. BulUta, I., 416.
,, fi» a chatyt, I., 381. BALISTE, anm, I., 306. BALLEN8TEDT, Count« von, amis, I.,
10-J. BALLIOL, arinn, II., 75.
ALEXANDER DB, »i^|>-
porto'», II., 272. DEVORGILLA DE, koI, II., 86. ,, wife of
JOHN, mil, IL, 75. EUSTACE DE, aruu, II., 43,
175. HUGH DE, ai-nut, IL, 3r, ; PI.
III., fig. 9, p. 32. JOHN, arms, I., 184 ; IL, 43, 175. „ WILLIAM DE, ai^u, IL, 43.
BalfA, L, 416.
BALM ANNO, on.w, I., 152. BALY DE, annK, IL, 35. BALZAC, Marquiad'ENTRAGUES.amu,
I., 156. BANASTRE, annA, L, 162. BANBURY, KNOJ.LYS, Earl of, ohm,
I., 160. BANCROFT, quoted, L, 24. BAND, Sir WALTER, annt, L, 271. Bantle, L, 104, 189, 456. ,, -Contre baii'le, L, 456. ,, Sn, I., 456. BamUd, L, 367, 416. BANDEIRA, ann«, L, 369. Bu/ulerolf, I., 456.
BANDINELLI, aruis, L, 73; IL, 47. BANDINI, «nMJ», L, 202. BAN DON, BERNARD, Earls of, annf,
I., 286. BANESTER, anns, I., 151, 166. BANESTRE, arni$, L, 166. BANGOR, WARD, Viscount, I., 166. Bannatyne Club, II., 96. Banner, L, 37 ; IL, 801, 313.
,, Church, OM a ehargr, L, 888. Banneret (vol), I., 456. BANNERMAN, annn, I., 369. Banntrt, IL, 299.
,, a* chargfM, I., 368, 388. „ M»ed in iht Fnf/lith Army, Paper on, 1 1., 308. BANNE8, Marquis de PUYGIRON, arm»,
I., 32.S. BannUrc, I., 466.
»»
II •I
>>
It
Banniert, En, L, 456. BANTRY, Earl of, aniw, IL, 291. Bar, I., 186, 327, 416, 467 ; PL XI I., fig. 3, p. 134. „ <u a charge, I.. 283. „ -tininitr, I., 136; IL, 172. ,, -tcift, L, 417. BAR, amut, L, PI. XXIX., fig, 9, p. S7S ; 11. 59 321. „ HENRY IV.', Count of, IL, 78. „ (LE DUC), Dukes of, a.'»M, L, 2S4. „ THIERRY IL, Count of, ttal, L,
48. „ YOLANTE, Counteaa of, *eaZ, IL, 274 ; nupporUrtt, 281. BARBANgOIS, Marquises de, ortM^ L,
238. BARBAN9ON, anm, IL, IIG.
„ Dukes de, m-wu, I., 236.
„ JEAN, Baron of, IL, 116.
BARBANI, ana*, I., 216. BARBARANI, Connte, arnut, I., 226. BARBAZAN, we FAUDOAS. BarOf, I., 457. Barbtd, I., 343, 867, 416. Bai-bel, L, PI. XXIX., fig. 9, p. 278.
,, a* a charfft, L, 283. BARBENgON, ar»M, II. , 48.
FRANCOISE DE, aniu,
IL,61. YOLANTE DE, or.i«, 1 1. , 48. BARBERINI, an^, XL, 163. BARRIER, LE, Marquises de KERJAN,
aitM, I., 137. BARBONIANI, armx, L, 216. BARBOTTB, arm*, I., 74. BARBOUR, Tht Tki*tU and the Rose, II..
224. BARRU, LB, arm*, I., 191. BARRY, Counts of, arm*, L, 284. BARCELONA, Count* of, anna, I.. 182 ;
II., 51. BARCLAY', ai»»M, L, 163; IL, 44, 45. „ of Balvairti, an***, U., 45.
,, Touch, ami*, L, 1S2; PL XX., fig. 6, p. 180. Bardf, I., 457.
BARDI, oriii*, L, 195; IL, 51. BARDOLF, arm*, L, 340.
ELIZABETH DB CLARE, Lad^, «raf, L, 62. „ JOHN, Lonl, nnn«, IL, 71.
BARBNSTEIN, arm*, L, 242. BARE8T1JNS, ann*, I., 199. BAREY, *ee BARR^. BARFUSS, Counts von, ann*, L, 220. BARGE DE VILLE, DE LA, m-nw. L.
"3
BARGENY, HAMILTON, Ix)td, ann*,
IL, 192. BARILLON DE M0RANGI8, ANNE
FRAN(;OISE, DE, IL, 36. BARIN, arm*, L, 293. BARINGS, Earls of NORTH BROOK,
arm*, I., 242. BARISONI, «r»w, L, 82. BARKELE, MORIS DE, arm*, IL, 44. BARKER, Sir CHRISTOPHER, Heraidic
CoUeetion*, L, 402. Bar lev. Ear* of, a* charge*, I., 359. BARLOT, ami*, L, 62, 1(54. BARNACK, orniM, IL, 88.
MATILDA DE, mU, IL, 88.
( 423 )
Bamarfe, I., PI. XXXV., fig., 1., p. 876. Barnacles^ I., 417.
,, a4ckarg€Ji, I., 873.
BARXAKE, arniM, I., 374. BARNARD, rtrnw, I., 242. BARN E WALL, arnut, I., 181.
Lord TRIMLESTOWN, anuM, I., 180. BARNTON, RAMSAY of, armt, IL, PI.
XVllL, flg. />, p. 184. Baron, em-onrt of a, II., 267. BARONCELLl, anm, I., 102. BAROZZI, aruui, L, 134. BARR, anuM, I., 3.07.
„ WILLIAM DE, quoted, L, 223. PARRAL, antut, II., 73. Bane, I., 144,457. BARRB, arm*, I., 144. BARR^ DE BAREY, Barons, annt, 1.,
lOO. BARRINGTON, Viscount, Bupporter*, I.,
301. Barro^ftte, En, L, 457. BARRUBL DE ST. VINCENT, ami*, I.,
105. Bari-uUl, I., 136, 139, 417. Barrulu, I., 417.
Bany, I., 417 ; PL VIIL, fig. 2, p. 100. „ 'Umiy, I., 110, 417. „ -nebuttf, I., PI. VIIL, fig. 8, p.
100. ,, j>€r ptile countti'-changtd, I., PL
IX., fiflf. 4, p. lOti. „ '7>Uy, I., 110, 417 ; PI. IX., fig. 2, p. lOtJ. BARRY, L, 100.
,, DE, anM, I., 244.
Earl of BARRYMORR, arm», I., 102. BARRYMORE, BARRY, Earl of, amis,
L, 102, Bars, L, PL XIL, fig. 8, p. 134. ,, eounttr-einbaltUd, L, PL XIL, fig.
0, p. 134. „ gfiiuiUs, L, PL XIL, fig. 11, p. 134. ,, ff<»W«. L, 139, 417. „ trarv, L, PI. XIL, fig. 10, p. 134. BART DE, ariM, L, 103. BARTELLE-LA AiOIGNON, LA, arms,
L, 1*\. BARTH^LEMY, DE, IL, 404. BARTOLMEO, II., 404. BARTON, an,i*, L, 240. BAS, arnu, L, 808. BASCLE, LE, anus, L, 195. Bast, L, 417.
BA8FORD, anus, L, 316. BASIL L, Emperor, crown, IL, 259. Ba^ilir, L, 457. BasUisk-, L, 417.
., as a charge^ I., 307. BASING. ai«a, I., 169, 179. BASKERVILLE, arvAS, I., 203. BASSET, ana*, I., 103, 138 ; IL, 66.
PHILIP, anas, IL. 07. BASSEIT, aj'rtw, I., 102, 103; PL VIIL, fig. 3, p. 100; IL, 49. JOHN DE, arms, IL, PL II L, fig. 3, p. 82. „ R. DE. arms, IL, PL IIL.fig.
1, p. 32. ,, RALPH, arwur, 1 1., 83. ,, ,, Lord, arms, IL, S3.
„ RAUFF, oi-Mw, 1 1., 83.
BASSETT, SIMON, arms, IL, 33.
SYMON DE, ai-ms, IL, PL IIL, fig. 2, p. 32. BASSE WITZ, Counts von, arms, I., 240. Bojtsinet, L, 457. BA8SINGB0URNE, arms, L, 95; PL
VI., tig. 2, p. 94. BASSINGFORD, arms, I., 202. BASSO.MPIERRE, Maitjuis de, arnu, L,
150.
BASTARD, svpporUrs, TL, 291. Bastards, Royal, arms, IL, 177. BastilU I., 457. BatailU, L, 390, 457. BATAILLE, arms, I., 158, 332 ; PL XVII.,
fig. 4. p. 156. BATENBURO, VAN, arms, L, 409. BATH, Ba/lge o/ the Order of the, IL, 360. ,, CbaiM)! of the Order of the, IL,
232. „ Collar of the Order of tfte, IL,
8.51 ,, GRANVILLE, Earls of, arms, L,
402. „ Order of the, IL, 249, 340. „ Star of the Order of the, I [., 851 . ,, THYNNE, MarquoM of, arms, L, 104. Baton, i., 417. Bdton, 1 1., 457.
„ d'esculape, L, 457. ,, fleur-de-lis^, I., 457. „ sinister, I., PL XIIL, fig. 12, p. 140. BATTENBERG, Princes of, arms, IL,
148. „ Princess HENRY of,
fig. 10, Uibel, IL, 21. 2.3. Battering rams, L, PI. XXXIV., fig. 8. p. 864. ,t ,, as charges, I., 369.
BATTERSEA, Lord, supporters, IL, 297. Battle Axe, I., PL XXXIV., fig. 3, p. 864.
,, as a charge, L, 364.
Battled-embattled, L, 417. Batthiiieuts, I., 417. BATTUTI, anns, I., 890. BATURLE DU CASTE L, arms, I., 141. BAUDARD, motto, II. , 380. BAULANDE, arms, L, 191. BAUME, LA, arvut, IL, 42.
„ Counts de ST. AMOUR, anns, I., 140. BAUMEISTER, arms, IL, 167. BAUSSAY?, arms, II. , 63. BAUTERSEM, anus, 1 1., 201. BAUX, arms, L, 108 ; IL, 91, 82L „ BEATRICE DE, seal, IL, 7.5. „ Due d'ANDR^E, arms, I., 325. MARGARET DE, arms, IL, 322. BAVARIA, arms, L, 74, 110, 263 ; PL VIL, fig. 11, p. 100; IL, 70,77, 91, 96, 201, 205, 340. cockade, IL, 376; erest, 287. conquered, L, 6. Duke WILLIAM of, seal, I..
263. FERDINAND of, arms, IL,
144. JACQUELINE of, seal, II. ,
LOUIS IV., Duke of, arms, I., 258. ,, Duke of, seal, IL, 70.
( 424 )
BAVARIA, MARGARET of, aeal, II., 76. „ Marks of Illegitimacy in, II.,
>i
II
205. WILLIAM, Duke of, iup- porter y II., 275. BAVI&RB, Dnc de, capeline, II., 245.
OUILLAUME DB, Comte D' 08TREVANT, wo/, II., 289. „ JACQUELINE DB, $eal, XL,
289. LE DUC DE, arm», II., PI. XL, fig. 6, p. 144. „ MARGUBRITB DB, DucheM
of BURGUNDY, arm*, I., 65. BAYARD, itujyporterM, I., 312. BAYEUX, ODO, Bishop of, L, 26. Bayenx Tapestry, I., 26, 58.
„ ,, banner from, II., PI.
XXIV., fig. 2, p. 800. ,, ,, ttandartls, figs. 26-29,
II. 299. BAYNARD, ornw, I., 147. BAYON, JACQUES, Sire de, arm, IL,
11. BAY8SE, armM, L, 76. BAZAN, Mupporters, II., 201. BAZIN, artwt, L, 179. Beacon, I., 417. Beaeowt a» eJiarpr*, I., 869. BEACONSFIELD, Visoonnten, amu, I.,
857 Btnied, I,, 2m, 417. Bean Coth tui chargen, L, 361. Bean» (u charge*. I. , 861. Bear, I., PI. XXVL, fig. 4, p. 240. ,, a* a charge, I., 241. ,, Polar, a$ a charf/f, I., 242. Beards, Human, <u a charge, I., 215. B^ARN, CENTULU8 GASTON II. , Vis- count of, I., 48. „ Count of. Meed, I., 61. „ Counts of, arnu, I., 247. „ County of, anmi, I., 138. Bea/ifooi a» a charge, I., 242. ,, Keaxl as a charge, I., 242. , //««/«, I., PI. XXVL, fig. 5, p. 240. Bea*U a* charges, I., 221. BEATON, anM, 1., 196.
,, Cardinal, L, 196.
BEATRICE, Princess, laJttel, fig. 10, IL,
21 23 BEAUCUAMP, ajMi«, L, PI. XVI., fig. 4,
p. 154 ; IL, 45, 47, 52, 322. Earl * of WARWICK, arms, I., 172; badge, IL,212. of Bletsho, 1 1., 27. of Puwick, arms, IL,
45. RICHARD, Earl of ALDEMARLE, arms, IL, 109. RICHARD, Earl of WARWICK, ainus, IL. 109. BEAUCLERC, CHARLES, Duke of ST.
ALBANS, arms, IL, 182. BEAUFFREMONT, DE, ainns, L, 80.
,, Dues de, arms, I.,
78. „ PIBRRE DE, arms,
IL, 108.
It II
II
>• II II
»t
II
II
II
II
It
II
11
II
•I
BEAUFORT, arms, I., 181 ; PI. XX., fig. 4, p. 180; IL. 26. badge, IL, 215, 222, 40L tto)-dwe, II., SO. Cardinal, IL, 180; amu,
178. Duke of, suppen-ters, I.,
239. Dukes of, a}-»i4i, I., 143. HENRY, Dake of 80XER-
8BT, IL, 170. JOHN DE, arms, II., 178. Duke of 8(3MER- 8ET, bailge, IL, 22L Queen JOAN, arms, IL,
9ii ; seal, 94, 95. SOMERSET, Duke of. arm*, Jl., 179. BEAUGENCY, RAOUL DE, antu, I.,
48. BEAUHARNAIS, Marquises de, amu, L,
278. BEAUJEU, ConnU de, motto, IL, 380. BEAUMANOIRS, DE, motto, II., SSL
,, Marquises de IxAVAR-
DIN, anus, L, 62, 197. BEAUMEYS, JOHN, m-m*, IL, 402. BEAUMONT, ALAIN DB, tupporten,
1 1., 278.
arms, L, 1S8., 149, 228;
PLXIV.,fig. ll,p. 146;
II. , 44, 63.
badge, IL, 400 ; tnotto, 385.
JOHN, Lord, mantling,
IL,247. ROBERT DE, Karl of LEICESTER, seal, I., 840. „ SUR OISE, MATHIEU
IL, Count of, seal, L, 50. „ SUR 0I8B, MATHIKU
III., Count of, seat, I., 50. BEAUPOIL, IL, 405. BEAUPR^, see CHOISEUL. BEAUSAINT, see ROCHE. BEAUSANT, MONTMORENCY, arm$,
IL, 62. BEAUS8AULT, MONTMORENCY, arms,
IL, 62. BEAUVAU, arms, L, OS.
„ DE, arms, I., 233.
BEAUVBAU-CRAON, ANNE DB, amu,
I., 63. BEAUYOIR, GUILLAUME DE, arms, I.,
54.
II II Seigneur de,
arms, I., 54. see DAGUBT. Bearer as a charge, I., 251. BEC, arms, L, 168, KH). „ -CRfiPIN, DU, arms, L, 109. „ DU, Marquises de VARDES, armt, I., 319.
BKCKBT, THOMAS k, Arabbishop of CANTERBURY, arms, I., 276. I Beequ^, I., 457. i Bec>jiu4e, I., 269.
j BEDFORD, JOHN, Duke of, IL, 322. 1 . „ . badffe, IL, 401.
BEDOYERE. DE LA, arms, I., 198. I BEE, arms, I., 295. BEEBEE, arms, L, 295.
( 425 )
>> I*
it
BEERVELT, VAN, tuiiw, I., 138. Beat aa chnrgea^ I., 294. BEE^TON, anu», I., 295. BEETHOVEN, LUDWIG VAN, II., 408. Btetroot a* a chargt, 1., SOI. Brfroi, I., 78, 457. BEHR, anna, I., 242. BElBARS*EL.B()Nl>OUKDARY, Sul- tan, bfulgty 1., 3S. BEIER, arrnm, II., 97. BEIJEREN-8CHAGEN, arm*, 11., 201. BBJARANO, ann», I., 290. BEKE, arui*, I., 168, 1(59. BELASYSE, I., PI. XI., fig. 11, p. 128.
Earla of FAUCONBERG, flnM«, I., 138. BELCHER, arm*, I., 78. BBLESME, an/u, I., 150.
PHILIPPE DE, Comte d* ALENgON, flr»»«, I., 150. BELFILE, an)U, I., 200. BELFORTE, MORRA, Dukes de, anna,
IL, 102. BELGIUM, ariM, II., 840.
cockadt^ II., 376. bannert in, II., 304. coronet of Baron« in, II., 267. „ Marquises in, eoi'onei, II.,
265. „ OnUra o/, II., 370.
Ro^al Statutatti, II., 316. aupportera iUt II., 285. BELGRANO, antu, II., 133. Beliei'-mililaire, I., 457. BE LIN, arau, I., 248. BELL, an/ui, I., 390. BetUd, I., 273, 417. BELLEGARDE, cu-nia, I., 890. BELLEVILLES DE, arrna, L, 94. BELLEVOIR8, at-iua, I., 214. BELI.EW, arm*, I., 106. BELLINCIONI, arma, I., 183. BELLI VI ER, anna, I., 163. BELLOMONTE, ROBERT DB, Earl of,
LEICESTER, aeal, I., 56, S40. Bella aa chargta, I., 890. BELLUNO, arma, II. , 1.33. BELLUOMI, r»i#«, L, 226. BELLY, or^M, I., 202. BELPER, Lord, aupporUra, II., 296. BELS, arma, I., 390. BEL8CHES, arma, I., 78. BELSUNCE, Marquis de, anna, L, 811. BBLTZ, MemorinU of the 0,tler of the GarUr, L, 284, 341, 842; IL, 289, 344. Btud, I., 139, 417 ; PI. XIIL, fig. 1, p. 140. ,, aaa diifJI'Ki'tnre, 1 1., 37. „ cotiaed, 1., PI. XIIL, fig. 10, p. 140. ,, etiibatiltd a plotub, Pn-, I., PI. V.,
fig. 5, p. 88. „ „ Per, I., PI. v., fig. 4, p.
88. ,, enffoidh, I., PI. XIIL, fig. 5, p.
140. „ trniine, I., PI. XIIL, fig. 2, p. 140. „ nebulU, Per, I., PL V., fig. 7, p.
88. ,, parted, per, I., 90. „ per, fig. 87, L, 87. ,, -ahiiater, I., 144. „ „ parte<lper,l.,Q\.
Bentl-ainiato', per, fig. 38, L, 87 ; PI. V., fig. 6, p. 88. „ „ Tlie, fig. 46, L, 185, 126.
„ The, fig. 45, L, 125, 126. BENDERS, anna, L, .SIS. Bendlet, I., 142, 417. BendUta, L, PI. XIIL, fig. 11, p. 140.
,, tnkaneed, I., PI. XIIL, fig. 8, p.
140. „ vavff, I., PI. XIIL, fig. 7, p. 140. Bendvaya, I., US; PL XIIL, fig. 9, p.
140. BendKiat, I., 417. BENDY, L, 104, 417 ; PL VIIL, fig. 4, p.
100. BENE, DEL, armn, I., 851. BENEVBNTO, FREDERICK, Duke of,
arma, IL, 202. RENEW ITZ, arma, I., 186. BENIGNI, arma, L, 144. BENJAMIN, represented by a wolf, I.,
18. BENNERAYE, DE LA, artM, I., 253. BENNET, Earls of TANKERVILLE,
arma, L, 235. BENOIT, arma, L, 217, 388. BENSON, treat, IL, 242. BEN8TEDT, ana*, I., 93. BENTINCK, Dukes of PORTLAND,
arma, I., 168. BBNTOUX, aruiH, L, 193. BENVOGLIO, arma, IL, 162. BENZONI, am#, L,61. Bt'iHilU de St, Anthoine, L, 457. BERANGER, arm*, L, 95.
„ PIERRE JEAN DE, TL,
407. BERBERICH, nnna, L, 318. BERBIHY, motto, IL, 385. BERCHTOLSHOFEN, VON, anna, I.,
100. BERENGER, RAYMOND, Count of
PROVENCE, arma, IL, 819. BERENGUER, cm»w, L, 199. BERESFORD, arma, L, 242. BERG, anna, IL, 323, 333, 334.
„ Counts von SCHELKLINGEN,
arma, L, 104. „ McRUMLINGEN. BERGEN OP ZOOM, Sires de, anua, I.,
350. BERGENSTRAHLB, Barons von, antu,
IL, 136. BBRGER, arma, IL, 399. BBRGHES, JEAN DB, Seigneur de WAl-AIN, anua, IL, 201. CORNILLE DE, arma, IL, PL XVIIL, fig. 1, p. 184. BERINGTON, arma, L, 73. BERKELEY, arma, L, 147; IL. 44, 52, 275.
Ooiige, 1 1., 401. aupjwrtera, I., 318. Earls of, arm*, I., 163. MAURICE DE, «r»M*, IL, 44. „ „ banner,
fig. 30, IL, 801. Sir MAURICE DB, Itanner,
1L,15. Sir THOMAS DE, anua, IL, 44. ROBERT DE iinna, IL,
I) II It
II
i>
»»
44.
>•
( 426 )
it
f>
BERKELEY, THOMAS DE, amu, H.,
44. BERLAER, GILLES, S«igneur de, arm*,
11., 12. BERLAYMONT, ADRIENXE DE, arms,
IF., 60. BERLO, Connte of, amm, L, 137. BERM INGHAM, an*M, I., 141. BERMOXD, II., 40 >. BERMUDEZ, anux, I., 870. BERNADOTTE, arm^, 11., 58.
„ Ilunaeof, II., 110.
BERXALBZ. anM, L, 3SiJ. BERNARD, /in*w, I., 241.
DE FAUCONVAL. anjw, I., 165. BERNARDS, Barla of BANDON, or»i«,
I., 286. BERNBACH, aniw, I., 285. BERND'S AUfftuuine Schnfienkuiule der ganuuitiUn. ]yapi>(Hici$$etvicJut/t, L, 44. BERNE, Canton, arum, I., 242 ; arttu and
supporter*, II., 286 BERNECK, aniiM, I., 242. BERNER, uniiM, I., 242. BERNERS, anm, I., 92.
? BoLt of St. Atban't, I.,
18. JVLlMi A, Bokto/St. Jlban's,
H., 43.
Sir JOHN BOURCHIER, Lord, ariHM, If., 18 ; uiantling. 247. BERNSTEIN, arms, L, 301. BERRI, Dukes of, urnix, XL, 23.
„ JEAN, Due de, sml, IL, PI. L, flf. 2, p. 16; supporters, 276, 280 281
BERRY, Armorial thi He rant, I., 178. „ Enctfcloihtdia Heraldica, I,,
160. „ JEAN, Due de, shield, I.,
02. ,, Roi d' Amies, Armorials of, 11., 8. BER8TETT, Bai-ona, arnis, I., 226. BERTAUT, GAULTIER, Seigneur de
MECHLIN, anii4, II., 12. BERTIE, arms, I., :J60 ; PI. XXXIV., fig. 8, p. 354. ,, arms and motto, II., .879. BERTRAM, ROGER, arms, U., 175. BERTRAND, nrms, I., 100. BERWICK, HENRY FITZJAMES, Duke
of, arms, II., J82. Besans, I., 201. Besant, L, 457.
,, -tourtfnu, I., 204, 458. Besant^, I., 457.
Besants, I., PI. XXIL, flg. 2, p. 196. Besom <ts n charue, I., 406. BESSBOROUGH, Earl of, supporttrs, IL,
297. PONSONBY, Earl of, arnu, I., 407. BE8S0N, arms, I., 210. BESYNOBURGH, arms, L, 176. BETUI8Y, Maiquisde MEZIERBS, arms,
L, 106. BBTHUNE, arms, I., 196; supporters, IL, 282. „ DE PLANQUES, arms, IL,
85.
BETHUKE, Due de SULLY, lambrt*miv, IL, 247. „ Dues de CHAROST, arms,
IL, IG. ,, „ SULLY, amu, L,
184. JACQUELINE DE, wp-
poriers. If., 281. ROBERT DE, Count of FLANDERS, IL, 78, 88 ; anns, 28. BEUCHLINOEN, Counts ron, arm*, L,
102. BEUNS, arms, L, 250. BEURL, anus, I., 178. BEUST, Count, arms, IL, 160. BEUTHEN, see CAROLATH. BEUVILLE, wms, L, 76. BEVERLEY, arms, I., 87. BEVERWIJCK, arois, I., 156. BEVILACQUA, Princes of, annt, I..
272. Bevilft,l., 87, 417. BEYER, DE, arms, I., 390. Bezant, I., 200, 417. Beznntv or Beianter, L, 417. BIANCHETTI, artns, L, 104. BIBER, arms, L, 251. BIBERSTEIN, see MARCHALCK. BIBRA, Barons, arms, L, 251. BICCHIERI, ar»is, L, 397. BICHI, arms, I., 289. Bi'Corporatf, I., 417. BIDAURE, aniui, IL, 130.
THERESIA l)K, amu, IL, 202. BIEDMA, arms, L, 181. BIEL, Baron, arms, L, 365. BIELSKI, Count, arms, L, 364. Biffarri, L, 458. BIGEART, see HURINAIS. BIGOT, arms, I., 152.
Count de ST. QUINTIX, armtt^
L, 297. DE LA CHAUMI^RB, nnju, I.. 297.
BILLES, SiKpporters, IL, 291. Billtt, L, 174, 197, 417 ; PL XXIL, H«. \, p. 196. „ The, I., 126. B'ilhte, L, 458. BilletU, L, 458.
BUletty, L, 417 ; PI. IX., flg. 11, p. 106. BILLICHS, ar,iis, L. 258. BILLY, aruis, L, 197. BILQUES DE ORCION, arms, I., 822. BIORN, arms, L. 242. BIORNSEN, arms, L, 152. Bii-d-bolt, I., 417.
,, bolls as charges, L, 367. „ of Paradise as a charge, L, 270. BirtVs nest as a charge, I. , 278. BIRON, arms, L, 139, 143.
GONTAUT, Due de, amu, J.,
If
II
M
92. BISCAY, Kingdom, arms, L, 241.
,, TELLIUS, Count of, m-Ms, II .
201. BISCHOFP, arms, L, 388. BISCIA, arms, L, 380. BISE, arms, I., 78.
Bishopric, crest of advocate of a, IL, 240. BISMARK, arira, I., PL XXXIL, flg. 9. p. 336. „ Pnnoe, amu, L, 887.
( 427 )
BISMARK, Princes Ton, aitn», II., 166.
BitM, I., 458.
BISSE, NoUk to Upton, I, 19.
BI8SBT, <%nn$, I., 144, 202.
BISSI, arum, I., *2S9.
BI8SY, THIARD, Marquia de, ann$, I.,
287. BIT8CH, lordship of, «r»w, I., 179. BLACAS, Dukede, ana*, I., 320. BLACIIB, /•^'eFALCOZ. Black; I., 66.
Block coaU, plain, I., 74. BLACK8TOCK, anm, I., 33rt. BLACK8T0NE on Esquires, [., 18, 14. BLACKWOOD, crent, 11., 242. BLACONS, Miirquis«s of, arin$, I., 102. Bladed, I., 418. BLAKET, anm, I., 147. BLANCARS, whw, I., 233. BLANCHAERT, arm*, I., 147. BLANCHE, of CASTILLE, wo/ of Queen,
I., 347 ; IL, PI. II., fig. 4, p. 18. BLANCKENHEIM, County of, oniw, II.,
24. BLANDIN, aruit, I., 198. BLAXCKENBERG, nrm», L, 246; IF.,
332. BLANCMESXIL, Lt» SnlU$ d($ CroUmlt*,
I., 80, 89, 102, 104, 105, 127, 128, 172,
180, 202, 225, 226, 235, 355, 389, 408 ;
II., 40.'). BLAXKFRONT, ariM, L, 179. BLARU, TILLV, Marquis de, an)ur, I.,
349. BLASERE, DE, amx, L, 402. Blaxtm, J. GOUGll NICHOLS, RuU» of,
I., 120. Blazon, Rules of, !., HI, 115. BLEKINQ, province, a-tnn*, I., 335. BLEXCOWB, «ni«, I., 174; PI. XIX.,
fig. 1, p. 176. BLESSED VIRGIN, Symbol of the, I.,
344. Bleu-ceU»te, I., 67. ,, Wtt citl, I., «57. BLIX, ar,n», L, 329.
BLOIS, CHATILLON, Counts de, arvM, II., 48. „ CHARLES of, IL, 77. „ GUI DE, iupporUr*, IL, 278. „ MARIE, Countess of, artns, IL,
48. BLOM, annM, L, 356. BLOME, Counts, ar,M, I., 253. Bloml colour, L, m.
BLOSSET, aj»4Ji, IL, 42. BLOSSEVILLE, PORET, Marciuis de,
arm», I., 358. BLOUD, ODM, L, 215. BLOUNT, (iJ-MW, L, 103, 376.
„ Earl of DEVON, arnit, L,
103. MOUNTJOY, Earl of NEW-
PORT, nnuM, 1 1., 184. BLUCHER, Prince, artas, IL, 165. Bluf, L, 66.
Blue coats, plain, L, 73. BLUMENECK, arm», IL, 29. BLUMENTHAL, ConnU of, arnu, IL,
164. BLIINDEVILLE, RANULF, Earl of
CHESTER, arMM, I., 359. BLUNT, ar»«, L, 376.
Blttt'Fahne, L, 74.
Boar, L, PL XXVL, fig. 1, p. 240.
,, as a charge, I., 239. Boar' a hetul a* a charge, L, 240.
„ Heads, I., PL XXVL, fig. 2, p. 240. Boat4 OA charf/e*, L, 886. BOBADILLA, IL, 129. BOCK, Die Kteinodien den Iffil., RomiM- ehen RtUh*, L, 256, 257, 259; IL, 261. Boeouet, L, 45S. BOCQUBT, uruin, I., 7.3. BODENHAM, arm*, L, 403. BO EC KING, motto, IL, :J83. BOEHEIM, Hawlburh der Wafeixkunde,
IL, 311. Botvf, I., 4.08. BOEUVRES, arwM, L, 76. BOFFIN DAROENCON, arm*, L, 170. BOGABRT, VAN DEN, arm$, L, 334. BOQUSLAWSKI, «/•««, I., 387. BOHE.MIA, armn, IL, 70, 122, 231, 820, 335. ANNE of, arm*, IL, 320. croini of, ![., 123. JOHN, King of, cre»t, IL, PL XXL, fig. 4, p. 230. ,, Kings of, croirn*, IL, 259.
„ lionot, I., 2.'>9, 264.
BOHN, lambre'iuin, IL, 246. BOHUN, ar,H», L, 144 ; IL, 93, 94.
ALIANORE DE, Duchess of, GLOUCESTER, bro»M, IL, 94. antelope ot, IL, 324, 325. biidi/e, 1 1., 216, 222, 400, 401. device, L, 274.
HUMPHREY DE, Earl of HEREFORD, arnu, IL, 100; tupporler, 276. ,, MARY DE, anwt, 1 1., 820. BOIGUES. tee ALQUERIA. BOINEBURG, Counts von, supporter*,
IL, 2S6. BOIS, ar,ii*, L, 76. „ -DAUPHIN, MONTMORENCY-
LAVAL, arm*, IL, 62. „ GEFFROY, Marquis of, arm*, L,
293. „ -YVON, «»•)«*, L,150. B01S8CH0T, FERDINAND DE, ami*,
1 1. 292. BOJANOWSKI, Barons, arm*, I., 248. BOKINGHAM, JOHN, Bishop of LIN- COLN, arm*, I., 169. BOLDAGION, orm*, L, 277. BOLEBEC, Barons, arm*, I., 227. BOLESLAS IIL, King of POLAND, *eal, IL, 274. King of POLAND, seal, L, 266. BOLEYN, ANNE, arm*, IL, 161, 823.
„ Sir THOMAS, II. , 151.
BOLINGBROKE, HENRY, arm*, IL, 93. BOLLORD, arm*, L, 21»3. BOLOGNE, County, armn, IL, 81.
„ EUSTACE, Count of, arm*, II.,318. BOLTON, arm*, L, 367. BOMBELLES, mntto, IL, 380. BOMBELLI, CAV. ROCCO, Storiadella
Corona Ftn'ea, IL, 254. BON, arm*, L, 387.
BONAPARTE, arm*, L, 142; PL XIIL, fig. 11, p. 140.
If
>*
}> »i
( 4*8 )
BOXCOMPAGNI, IL, 408. BONELLI, Haranis, aruui, I., 104. B0NB8 COMBETs, arm*, I., 220. Bona, Ilaman Rib, <u a charfte^ I., 210. BON I, «r«M, I., 88.
BONIFACE Vni., Pope, oniw, I., 142. BONKIL, Heirew of, fl., 38. BOXKYL, Sir JOHN, an,u, II., 73. BONNEFOUX, HArons, anM4, I., 403. Bonnet' AH,anaiM. I., 458. BONNBUIL, VERNOX, Marquis de,
ariJM, I,, 323. B0NNli:RB8, Dues de QUIXES, anM,
I., 80. BOXO, aniw, I., 887. BOXOMI, HiMvth afl iU PtUwet, I., 1». BOXOMO, anil*, I., 381. B0N8TETEX, anus, II., 29. BOXVICIXI, anuM, I., 120. BOXVILLE, aniM, I.. S9. BOXVINO, anus, I., 74. Bi)ot» a» chargtn, I., 408. BOOTH, nnMJi, I., 240. BOrFINGEN, anng, II., .399. BOQUET, rti-iMJ, I., 73. BORDEAUX, arnu, I., 73. Bo-^l^, I., 458. Boiylrreft, I., 418. BORDOLO, at MM, II., 399. Boitlurt, I., 126, 174, 180, 418, 458; PI. XX., fig. 1. p. 180: PI. XX., fig. 2, p. 180 ; PI. XX., fig. 3, p. 180. ,, chenjuy, I., PI. XX., flg. 6, p. 180. ,, triinilar, I., 183. ,, comjtonUf 1., PI. XX., fig. 4, p.
180. ,, countef'Compony, I., PI. XX.,
flg. 5, p., 180. ,, DijTa'eiu^ bjf a, II., 25. ,, fjobon^, II., 188.
of CASTILE, I., PI. XX., fig. 7, p. 180. „ -irar.v, II., 188. BOREAS ht^oil M a ehargt, I., 213, 239. Bori'-Brifi'tf, I., 15. Boi-it, I., 458. BORGHESE, avMu, I., .306.
„ Prince, II., 408.
BOROHVLOBT, »ff DILl-T. BOROO, »tt POZZO. BORAI8, arnu, I., 829. BORLUUT DE HOOGSTRABTE,Ck>nnt«,
avHift I ''4 5 B0RMAN8,'de, niMW, I., 890. BOROLLA, ar>M, I., 102. BOROUGHBRIDGE Roll, II., 176. BORSAX, a/»«J, I., 105. B0R8ELE, FRAXCOIS DE, «<««, II., 47, 289. Kt WOLFART. B0RS8ELE, NICOLAS DE, am«, II.,
H. XII., fig. 4, p. 148. BORSTOX, artM, I., 406. BORTHWICK, Ix)itl, «n>M, L, 341. BO;iCAWEN, Admiral, »upi>on€i% I., 815. Earl of FALMOUTH, nnrt*, I., 342. B08E, Countoof, avMt, I., 07. BOSELYXOTHORPE, Sir RICHARD
DE, foiii^ and arm*, I., 46. Bonnia, Book of the Arua oi', I., 2(^2. BOSNIA, aratM, IL, 123.
B0SSEN8TBIX, arm*, I., 73. BOSSEWELL, quoted, II., 285.
, , IVorlu of A t-uiorU, 1 1. , 54.
B08SU, oitM, I., 244.
„ HBNXIN, Comte de» arvu, 1., 140. B08SUT, aruu, I., 191 ; II., 34. BOSTAQUET, $€f DUMOXT. BOSWELL, Sir JOHN, artiu, IL, 1S9. BOSWORTH, Battle of, IL, 223. BOTELER, nriHM, L, 135, 172 ; II., M. „ Lord SUDELEY, arm*, L,
164. BOTELBRB, JIAWISIA LA, teal, IL,
Boierol, I., 418. BOTH, arm*, L, SS6. BOTH SLIER, anu*, I., 355. BOTHELL, arm*, L, 355. BOTH MAR, Count, arnu, L, 8S«. BOTHMER. artu*, L, 386. BOTHWELL, AGXES. Conntcea of, «raZ, L, 385. FRANCIS STUART, Eaxl
of, ariH*, IL, 191. PATRICK HEPBURN, Earl of, ar*ti*, IL, 52. BOTILHER, anti*, L, 897. BOTOX, cfrtM*. I., 131. Botonnie, Cro**, I., 169. Bt^onny, L, 418. BOTOX NY, Cro**, L, 169. BOTREAUX, arm*, L, 292. BOTVILLE, arww, I., 104. BOUCHAGB, vriii*, L, SO.
„ Count de, arm*, I., 302.
BOUCHARD, IL, 404. noUCHOUT, VAN, oriiw, L, 152. liOUC^QUAUT, Marshal de, arms, I.,
305. Boucle, I., 458. Bouptt, L. 418.
BOUILLON, DE ROHAN, Dncade, aruu, L, 196. ,, Dues de, anM4i, I., 134, 376;
IL, 81. GODFREY DE, I., 48, 255; IL, 65. DU, L, 389. HEXRI DE LA TOUR D'AUVERGNE, Due d«, arMi«, IL, 80. ISA BELLE, Dachene de,
ariM*, IL, 81. ROBERT, Count of, L. 389. BOULA DE MAREUIL, arrti*, L, 202. B0ULAINVILL1ER8, amu, L, 102.
„ Counts, arm*, I.,
138. BOULBON, tte RAOUSSET. BOULEXGER, arm*, L, 202. BouU*, L, 4.58.
BOULOGNE, Counts of, arm*, L, 202. MATHILDE DB, L, 3S9. „ ROBERT, Count of, I.,
3S9. Boui/uet a* a tharge, I., 857. BOURASS^, La Touraine, L, 200; IL,
14, 86. BOURBON-COXDti, ar-.n*, IL, 127. ,, Dues de, arni*, 1 1., 40.
Duke CHARLES L, of. IL, 195, 196.
II
If If
( 429 )
B0URB0N-C0ND6 JEAX I. of, If.,
105. PIERRE I., II., 195. „ Dukes of, ann», II., IPS ; «■/,
II., 878. - LA - MARCHE . PREAUX , aruuif II., 62. „ JEAN, Bdtard lU, an)M, II.,
175. ,, LOUI8I.of,m'»uiandp«nnoii,
II., 801. ,, „ and 11., Dues de,
thields, I., 62. ,, „ II., Dncde, 1., 2SS.
„ MARGUERITE, Bdtardt de,
arni», II., 195. M ATTH \E\J,U ffi-and Bntard de, an»w, II., PI. XVII., fig. 1, p. 178. -MODERN, annn, XL, 195. M0NTPEN8IER, orww, 11.,
81. CHAR- LOTTE DE, II., 80. „ PIERRE, Dncde, supporters,
I., 317. „ REYNAUD, Bdtaiyl df, ariM,
II., 196. „ -VENDOME, arum, II., 195.
BOURGHIBR, HENRY, Earl of ESSEX, ana*, II., 18. „ badffe, II., 400.
„ hiot, II., 212.
„ uionuiiunt, II., 288.
Sir LEWIS ROBSART, Lord, tondi, II., 304. BOURGHIER, Sir JOHN, liOrd BERNERS, arniJt, II., IS ; ManUing, 247. Bowflon, I., 391, 418, 458. BOURDON DU PLES8IS, oiua, L, 391. Bourtlonn^, I., 458. BOURG, LE, arr/ijf, I., 286. BOURGEOIS-MOLERON, anwji, I., 205. BOURGOGNB, ADOLPH DE, II., 200.
, , ANTOI N E, Gmful BtUanl
de, II., 200. „ DAVID, BTitw-d de, aritu,
II., 200. Duke PHILIP of, II., 60. „ EUDES DE, Comte de
NEVERS, »hieUl, I., PI. :i., fig. 3, p. 50. HERMAN>rDE, Seigneur de FONTAINES, II., 200. „ JEAN, Mtanl de, anns,
II., 198,179; PL XVI., fig. 1, p. 172. JEAN DE CHALONS, Comte de, arttu and Imnner, II., 300. LE DUG DE, anim, II., PI. XII., fig. 6, p. 148. MARGUERITE DE, II., 60. „ BCARIB DE, II., 109.
„ MARINE DE. arm*, II.,
200. BOURLEMONT, ANOLURE, Connta de,
arm*, I., 122. Baurlet, I., 458.
>>
••
BOURNAZEL, Maixinlies de, oruu, I.,
834. BOURS, MONTMORENCY, arm*, II.,
62. Bouse, I., 371, 458. BOUT, DE, motto, IL, 380. BOUTEILLER DE SENLIS, LE, anas,
I. 92. BOUTELL, Christian Monwnents, I., 46, 62. Sntjlinh HoaUIry, II., 75,
189. Herald r If, Historieol and Popular, 1., 86, 166, 198; II., 7, 18, 20, 80, 94, 203,
276, 280, 830, 382.
„ quoted, II., 46, 60, 80, 221.
„ referred to, II., 256.
BouteroUe, I., 458. BOUTEVILLE, MONTMORENCY, orw*,
II., 61. Boutoir, I., 45S. BOUTON, iiiotto, II., 386.
„ quoted, I., 246.
Bontonn^, I., 458. BOUTTEVILLE, MONTMORENCY,
Comlesde, aruiM, II., 62. BOUVANS, motto, II., 387. BOUVIER, GILES, Annorialsof, II., 8. B0UVINE8, Battle of, I., 257; II.,
307. BOWEN, Inot, II., 212. BOWES, anus, I., PI. XXXIV., fig. 5, n. 364.
,, Lord, arms, I., 8<t5.
,, of Streatlani, arms, I., 3^5.
„ Sir FRANCIS, arms, L, 865. Bows as eharifes, L, 365. BOYD, arms, II., 11.
BOYLE, arms, L, 91 ; PI. V., fig. 4, p. 88 ; PI. XXVI., fig. 12, p. 240.
,, of Kelburne, arms, I., 246. BOY^E, Viscounts, svpjyorlers, I., 317. BOYNEBURG, «n/w, IL, 13.
,, Barons VON, arms, XL,
BOYSLEV^, Marquis d' HAROU^, arms,
I., 155. BOZON, RALPH DE, arms, I. 367. BRABANT, Duchy of, anm, L, 227; II., 16, 87.»98, 107, 198, 199, 201,
277, 324.
,, Chancellor of, arms, II.,
292. DukeHENRY, of, II.,16.
„ of, II., 289. GBOFFROI DE, teal, II., 87.
GEOFFREY, DE, teaU, II., 16. „ GODFREY, Duke of, II.,
318
HENRY, Duke of, II., 87. ,, „ I., Duke of, I.,
389. ,, I., Duke of, ban*
ner, II., 301. „ III., Duke of, ban- ner, II., 301. ,, Duke of, and his brother GODFREY'S anu*, XI., 12. ,, JEAN, natural son of JEAN,
Due de, IL, 201.
ft
»t
it
( 430 )
II
II
BRABANT, Lion oJ\ II., 16.
„ MARIE, (laughter of
HENRY, III., Duke of, arrM, II., 68.
PniLIPPE DE, Seigneur de CRUBBQUE, annt, II., 201. Bitw€(t, I., 161, 418. BRACKET, II., 405. BRACKENBURG, arm», I., 106, 151. BRACKLEY, THOMAS, Viscount, amu,
11., 184. BRADBFELD, JOHN DE, sJiicld, I., 62. BRADSHAW, arum, I., 142. BRAOANZA, Dukes of, ami*, II., 202, 203.
KATHARINE of, amu and supjyortcrs, II., 95, 328.
„ J0"hN of, label, II., 25.
BRAHB, avnu, I., 131. BRAITEAU, PAPILLON, Vioomtos de,
nrnut, I., 293. Branch e, I., 458. Branched, I., 418. BRANCH ELEY, amm, I., 165. Branches of tree* cu charges, I., 836. BRAND, Sir THOMAS, amu, 11., 146. BRANDENBURG, amu, I., 74; II., 118,
330, 386. ANSPACH. CARO- LINE WILHBL- M I NA, daughter of JOHN FREDER. ICK, Margrave of, amu, II., 329. ANSPACH, Mark- grave of, crettt, II., 283 BAILIWICK of, II.,
365. BEATRICE, daufrhter of ALBERT, Mark- grave of, II., 116. Death of JOtiN, Markgraveof, I., 41. Baffle of, L, 338; II.,
166. ELECTORS of, arvu, L, 890; IL, 147, 339. ,, Markgravate of, amu,
I., 266. „ Markgrave of, II.,
365. BRANDIS, arms, I., 382. BRANDOLINI, supportns, II., 291. BRANDON, hailgt, II., 401. BRANDT, amu, 1., 332.
„ Count* de MARCONNE, amu,
I., 332. BRANT I., aitns, L, 332. BRAOSE, amis, 1., 226, 228.
BEATRICE DE, seal, II., 76. „ Sir THOMAS DE,1L, 76.
BRASCHI, Duke« of NEMI, amu, I.,
829. BRASSEY, Ix)rd, supporters, II., 296. BRAUN VON WARTENBERG, Counto,
anas, I. , 194. Braunsehiceiffei' Chronicle, I., 41. BRAUNSDORF, see STEIN. BRAY, Sir REGINALD, II., 228; seal, 63.
II
II
BREAD ALB AN E, Marqaea of, arvu, L,
384; II., 56. Bream cu cfiarges, I., 281.
„ Naiant, I., PI. XXIX., fig. 5, p.
BREAM E, on»w, L, 281; PI. XXIX.,
fig. 5, p. 278. Bribis, I., 458. BRECHIN, amis, I., PL XVII., fig. 5, p.
156 ; II., 139. BRECHIN, Lonlfl of, aniu, I., 157.
„ Lordship of, anus, I., 157.
,, See of, a»*i»«, I., 157.
BRECKNOCK, ROBERT DE BRUIS,
Baron of, amu, I., 79. BREDA, Lonlahipof, aiiM, I., 156. BREDOW, Counts, ann*, 1., 381. Breeche* as a charge, I., 40S. BRBGENZ, ar^M, I., 88; IL, PL, XV., fig., 4, p. 168. „ County, amis, II., 121.
BREHNA, County, anu*, I., 339; II.,
333, 334. BREISGAU, Landgravate of, arms. IL,
115. BREITENBACH, amis, I.. 150. BREITENBUCH, amu, IL, 399. BREMEN, amu, I., 296. BRENT, amu, I., 302. BRESCIA, arms, IL, 133. BRESLAU, amu, IL, PI. IV., fig. 2. p 74. ,, i>alatinate, anas, II., 84.
BRET, LE, amu, L, 75. BRETAGNE, ALICE, Duchen of, L, 60. amu, 1., 101.
ANNE DE, anns, IL, 258. DB, amis, I. , 360. JEAN DE, Earl of RICH- MOND, 6anM«-, IL, 83, JEANNE DE, IL, 78. see also BRITTANY. YOLANDB DE, stnl, L, 7a BRBTBSCHE, JOtJSSEAUME, Mar^ois
de la, amu, L, 164. Brelessi, I., 80, 136, 418, 458. BRETBUIL, LE TONNELIER, Comtes de, amu, L, 273. MONTMORENCY', arms, 11.. 62. BRETON, amu, IL, 13. BREUBERG, anas, L, 825. BRBUBURG, Ix)rd8hip of, ai-ms, I., 137. BREUS, amu, L, 228. BREWES, anus, L, 228. BREWS E, arms, I., 227. BREWYS, amu, I., 226.
„ GILBSDE, am#, IL, PLIIL,
fig. 8, p. 32. Breys, I., 418.
,, (u charges, L, 873. BREZJ^, Comtes de MAULEVRIBR, amu, I., 172.
,, Due de, I., 178; ctrms, IL,
>'2. BRIAN, BOROIHME, Harp of, L.
899. BRIANVILLE, Jen d'Annoiriu, IL, S9a BRICQUEBBC, BERTRAND DE, «i^-
porter, II. , 277. Bridge cu a charge, I., 378. Bridge, L, PI. XXXVL, fig. 7, p. 3S0. BRIDGE, amu, I., 878. BRIDGES, arms, I., 76.
II II
II i«
II II II
( 431 )
n
If
>>
»» If i«
BAIDQEWATER, Earl and Dnkes of,
arm*, II., 184. BRIERLEY, arrM, I., 171. BRIESEN, antt$, I., PI. VI., fig. 6, p. 94.
,, VON, rtrm«, I., 07.
BRIEY, GouDtode, anH$, 1., 183. Bripnntine, I., 418. BRIMEU, JACQUES DE, an/i*, II.
48. BRIQUEVILLE, ar»i4, I., 100. Bru d'kui*, I., 459. BRIS DE HOUAR^E, LE, aniM, I.,
2:6. BRISBANE, oetft, I., 297. ifnW, I., 149, 459. BRISTOL, «>•»«, I., 830.
BUTLER, Bishop of, ai-rnt, L,
897. DIGBY, Earl of, amis, I., 349. HERVEY, MarqnoM of, antu, I., 338. Brinire, I., 418 ; II., 1. BRITAIN, AufTuifntatioM in, II., 153. „ GREAT, crttt and motto, II.,
886. rjYJit in GREAT, II., 240. GREAT, tuntorter, I., 311;
aii,ifi, II., 3*27, 829, 333. Heliuete in, IL, 231. La}ubr€fjuin in, 1 1., 246. Princ«f8 and Prinoeaaet of, ann$, II., 112 ;ro)'Ofte<«,'256. ,, Ci««rt«riH/7 in, II., 102.
„ Royal An,i$ of GREAT, II.,
100. BritUh MuMvui Catalogxu of Sf aU, I., 45, 5C, 55, 56, 62, 63, 64, 78, 106, 109, 228, 224, 237, 248, 810, 818, 826, 348 ; II., 19, 33, 64, &ii, 67, 88, 90, 98, 176, 177, 211, 214, 216. 217, 221, 272, 276, 288, 284, 291, 299, 817, 818, 320, 322, 827 8*^8 400 BRITTAnV, ALICE, Dnche« of, II., 82. ui-mn, II., 25, 33, 128. Death of GEOFFREY PLANTAGENET, Duke of, I., 41. Duke of, II., 128,140. Dukee of, anii», I., 75, 84;
mppovters, II.. 282. JEAN DE DREUX, Dnke of, II., 88. ,, JEANNE, DucheM of, seal,
IL, 77. „ Me also BRET AGNE.
BRIXEN, anjw, I., 249.
„ Principality, aniu, II. , 121.
Broad Airoir, I., 418.
,, at a charge, I., 807.
Brochant, I., 459. BROCK, aniM, I. 251. BROCKE, arm», L, 198. BRODHURST, itniw, I., 106. Bi-og, L, 380; PL XXXVI., fig. 8, p.
880. BROGLIE, a?^HJ^, L, PL XVI., fig. 11, p. 164. ,, Dues de, arna, L, 155.
Bi-Ofn*e, or Shambrogvf, I., 418. BROMLEY, Barons MONTFORD, amu,
I., 92. BRONCKHORST, Count JOHN IL of, IL, 92.
If
fi
If
BRONCKHORST, Counts of, aitn*, L,
202. BROOK A REID, Cn tht Begalia of Scot- land, IL, 257. BROOKE, quoted, IL, 177. BROS8E, Vioomtes de, arms, L, 860. BROTHBRTON, amis, IL, 102, 151,
152. BROTIN, arms, L, 80. BROUCHIER, arms, L, 376. BROUILLART, arms, I., 146. BROUILLI, DE, Marquises de PIENNE,
supporttrs, I., •ill 3. Brotcn colour, I., 67. BROWNE, Sir THOMAS, Vulgar Errors,
L, 19. BROWNING, arws, L, 102. Broyes, I., 469.
BROYES, SIMON DE, sml, I., 49. BRUCE, anns, I., 154, 165, 226, 245. , , of Annandale, amis, I. , PL XVI. ,
fig. 8, p. 164. „ „ Balcaskie and Kinross, anm,
I. 164.
Sir WILLIAM, amis, IL, 42. motto, IL, 3S2, 887. King ROBERT, L, 145. „ „ Skelton, MARGARET, seal,
1 1., OS. „ ROBERT, IL, 55.
„ „ Earl of CARRICK,
badge, IL, 210. BBUCKHAUSEN, amis, IL, 381, 832. BRUCKNER, amis, I., 379. BRUDENELL, Earls of CARDIGAN,
amis, L, 408. BRUERE, Sir WILLIAM, seal, L, S16. BROHL, arms, L, 146. BRUININGK, Barons de, supporleis, I.,
312. BRUIsi ROBERT DE, Baron of Breck- nock, amis, L, 79. Of. BRUCE. BRULART, 1 1., 405. Brundtre, L, 67. BRUMMER, amis, L, 390. BRUNNER, AnualesBoici, I., 41. BRUNSWICK, amis, L, 227; IL, 90, M,
829, 881, 882; crests, 238. Dukes of, artHS, I., 280,
246. HENRY, Duke of, sup- porter, IL, 276. LltNEBURG, amis, IL, 111 ; PI. XXIX., fig. 2, p. 842. LUNEBURG, SOPHIA DOROTHEA of, anns, IL, 829. CAROLINE, daughter of CHARLES WILLIAM FREDERICK, Dnke of, amis, IL, 831. MAGNUS L, Duke of, supporter, IL, 276. BRUS, RICHARD DE, amis, IL, 10. „ YNGRAM DE, amis, IL, 10. BRUSSELS, City, arms, L, 209, 296. BRU UN, aruis, I., 212. BRUWERE, Sir WILLIAM, seal, L,
816. BRYAN, arms, L, 157; badge, IL, 212, 805, 401.
If
II
II
( 432 )
BRYDGB8, Sir SOERTON, quoted, II.,
186. BRYD80N, SumMary Vuw 0/ Henadr*/,
II., 249. BRYBRLBGH, antu, L, 109. BRZOaTOWSKI, Count*, anM, I., 874. BUBELWITZ, oruM, II., 74. BUBBNUAU8BR, anu», II., 899. BUBNA, aniM, I., 399. BUGU, JOHN DB GRAILLY, Captal de, ere$t, IF., 239. „ LB CAPTAL DE, on>w, II., PI. XIIL. flg. 4, p. 15<i. BUGHAN, arnu, L, 384.
„ Earldom of, !(., 67.
„ Earls of, ar>»«, II., 189.
„ COMYN, Earl of, amut, I.,
360. , , STEWART, Earl of, ami$, 1 1. , 56. BUCHANAN, anM, I., 189. Bl^CKHEIM, County, anns, I., 360. BUCKNER, Dr ROBMER, Die Siegel tier JkuUehen Kauer, I., 255, 256, 259, 263 264 265. BUCK,' antU, I.', 110; PI. VIII., fig. 12,
p. 100. Buett, a* chargtM^ I., 244. BUCKINGHAM, badge, II., 401.
„ JOHN, Duke of, II.,
186. SUEFFIRLD, Dake
of, artiu, I., 860. STAFFORD, Duke of, aruu, I., 146. BUCKINGHAMSHIRE, IIOBART, Earl
of, arvM, I., 196, 276. BMklt», I., PI. XXXVII., fig. 2, p. 894. „ <u chargtMf I., 398. „ Lounge-tJuipcJ , I., 1*1. XXXVII., fig. 8, p. 894. BUCKS, bmlfft, II., 401. BUCQUOY, LONGUEVAL, Coants de,
arm*, I., 105. Btuldinff, I., 418.
BUGGE, artM, I., 159. Bugle horn* 04 dtargea, I., 401. Buildingt a* charge*, I., 378. BUI880NS, DB, ar^m, I., 834. BULGARIA, ariM, II., 123, 840. Bidl, I., PI. XXVII., fig. 1, p. 250. Bulletin de Vlmtitut EgyptUn, I., 39. BvLlU a* charge*, I., 246. Bull'i Head, I., PL XXVIL, fig. 2, p. 250. M head* a* charge*, I., 247. BULOW, CH-M4*. I., 131.
„ VON DENNEWITZ, Count,
arMM, II., 164. BUNBURY, ariM, I., 140; PI. XIIL, fig.
8, p. 140. BUN8CUOTEN, an»w, II., 84. BUOCAFOCO, artM, I., 214. BUONACORSI, anM, I., 200. BUONAROTTl, MICHAEL ANGELO,
ariM, IL, 159; PI. XIX., fig. 6, p.
192 ; ttoiporter, 277. BUONCOMPAGNI DI PIOMBINO,
Princes, anM, I., 307. BURDON, rtritt*, I., 391. Burele, I., 459.
BttREN, VAN, amu, L, 331. BURGAU, ariM, IL, 840.
ff
II
11
BUR0ERMBI8TER, Bibliotktca Bqmf^-
IrU, IL, 171, 231, 2SS. BURGU, DE, arm*, II. , 71, S2S.
DE, Earl of ULSTER, arm*, L,
1.^2 badge, IL, 400. ELIZABETH DE, II., 17. „ JOHN DE, Earl of ULSTER, a>iM4, II. , 71. Burgonel, I., 418. BURGUNDY, ALICE of, IL. 87.
•ANCIENT, ariMji, I., 48, 264; II., 28, 77, 81. 87,
88, 98. 107, lOS, 132, 198, 199, 202, 824.
ANNBof, IL, 108. CHARLES, le Hardi, Duke of. arm*, IL, 106. „ Dnke of, seal,
I., S65. „ the B O L D.
Duke of, tupporter, IL, 277. County PALATINE of,
arm*, IL, 72. Dnke of, IL, 872. Dnke JEAN of, IL, 98. „ JOHN of, seaZ, L,
848. „ of, IL, 140. „ PHILIPPE of, IL,
199. II II ann*f IL,
200. II II the bold,
of, IL, 201. Dnices of, arms, L, 112; IL, 174; arm*, 28, 61,
89. 199, 200. 277. HUGH, IL, Duke of, arm*,
L, 48. JEANNE, Countess of, IL, 72. „ Dncheas of, teal,
IL, 7L JOHN, Dnke of, IL, 77. MARGARET, Duchess of. arm*, L, 63; *eal, IL, 97. MARY, Dnchess of, tvp-
porter, II. , 278. Mark* qf JUegitimaejf tf»,
IL, 197. MARGUERITE DE BA- VIERB, Ducheasof, arm*, I., 65. MARY of, IL, 107. •MODERN, arm*, IL, 77, 98, 107, 198, 199, 201, 824. OTHO, Count of, c»y»<, IL,
228. PHILIP LE BON, Dnke of, IL, 95. „ (Ae Bold, Dnke of, arm*, II. , 107. PHILIPPE, U 6<m, Dnke of, 1 1., 109 ; arms, 107, 108. „ YOLANTE, daughter of
EUDES of, IL, 8S. BURKE, Sir BERNARD, Oemral Ar- nu>iy IL, 7, 194, 295.
( 433 )
BUR KB, Sir BERNARD, Tht Jtiu of
Great FamilUt, II., 4. BURLEIGH, batlffg, H., 401. 402. BURLEY, artfu, I., 178, 202. BUllNABY, tupporters, I., 283. BURNARD, ODO, badge, 11., 210. BURNETT, GEORGE, Dr, The Sxchfjuer
Holtgof Scotland, XL, 69, 189. „ „ quoted I., 81; II.,
6, 11, 15, 16,90,52, 191,193. Burning Mount, I., PI. XXXI., fig. 10, p.
822 BUSC, an>M, I., 278. BUSCH, «m*, I., 381, 834. 407; Tl.
XXXII.,flg. 5, p. 836. Bu*h rt« a charge, I., 834. BUSH, aiiM, I., 834. BU8QUE, ANTOINE DE. amu, II.,
205. BUSSI.orww, I.,214. BUSSNANG, Barons von, arrm, I., 106. BU88Y, amis, I., 140.
D'AMBOISB, MarqnuM de,
ann*, I., 162. •RABUTIN, onM, I., 109. Sir JOHN, vmnllinff, II., 247. BUTEN, VAN, arwM, I., 248. BUTERA, SANTAPAU, Princes de, arnu,
I. 99. BUTKENB, Trophies de B\'ahant, I., 54,
71. Butler, The, arm*, I., 38. BUTLER, ttn»w, I., 128, 172; PI. XXXVIL, fig. 7, p. 894; IL, 161. Bishop, AiuOogy, I., 807. „ of BRISTOL, and DURHAM, oj-nw, L, 397. „ Earl of LANESBOROUGH,
an*t«, I., 897. „ Marquees of ORMONDE,
ami», I., 897. of ORMOND, MARGARET, II., 151.
„ WILLIAM, armtt, II., 194.
Butterjlieg a* charges, I., 293. BYDANT, arms, L,2S6. BYE, ami*, I., 295.
BYRON, ar»w, I., PI. XIII., fig. 8, p. 140. ,, Lord, arms, I., 148 ; II.. 185. „ Sir JOHN, ann*, II., 185. BY8TRZ0N0WSKI, amu, I., 249.
ft
11
CAARTEN, nnH», I., 403. Cabbage* a* charge*, I., 860. CABELLIAU, MARGARET, DE, II.,
208. CABELLIC, arm*, L, 165. Caberfae, I., 246. CabU, I., 459. Cabochr. I., 459. CABOGA, arm*, II., 899. CttbosJied, I., 246, 418. Cafjo**ttl, I., 246.
CABOT, Marquises de, arm*, I., 2S4. Cdbr^, I.. 418, 459. CABRERA, arm*, L, 248. Cadencu, Diffnence by addition o/ mark* of, II., 54.
„ II., 1,2, 418. CADEROUSSE, ANCEZUNE, Dues de,
ann*, I., 307.
ti II
If
11
CADEROUSSE, GRAMONT, Dnc de,
arm*, I., 227. GADRODHARD, anu*, I., 242. Cattuch, I., 459. CADWALLADER, L, 805. CAERLAVEROCK Roll, IL, 46, 50, 104.
801. C.S8ARBA, Prince of, ai-m*, I., 128. CAETANI, artu*, I., 142; IL, 406. CAIN, DeMsendantsof, L, 18. CAITHNESS, ttniw, I., 385; PL XXXV., fig. 12, p. 876; IL, 189. Earl of, ai-^M, L, 152, 385 ; supporter*, 301 ; IL, 186, 137. JOHN, Earl of, seal, I.,
385.
WALTER STEWART, Earl of, arm*, IL, 139. CAIXAL, arm*, L, 216. CALABRIA, arm*, IL, 169.
DON FERDINAND, D* ARRAGON, Diike of, arm*, II. , 124. „ dnchy, arm*, L, 165; IL,
124. Ctt/ai» Boll, I., 176; IL, 17, 33, 47. Calatrara, Cro** of, I., 167, 459. CALDECOTE, ALICE, daughter of
WALTER, *eal, IL, 87. CALDER, cre*t, 1 1., 242. CALDORA, ann*, L, 92. CALERGI, Princes of, arms, L, 104. CALI8TANI, arui*, I., 380. CALL, arm*, L, 402. C ALLEN DAR, arui*, L, 197. CALLENDER, ann*, IL, 139. Calotte, IL, 245.
Caltrap, L, 418; PL XXXIV., fig. 9, p. 364. ,, ou a charge, I., 369. Caivaire, Croix de, I., 459. Calvary Ci'0*», I., 161, 418; fig. 55, p.
173. Calve* a* charge*, I., 246. CAMARA arms, L, 377. CAMBACERES, le Due, IL, 408. CAMBI, ar»i«, L,82. CAMBRAY, Dukes of, arm*, II. , 158.
„ JEAN, Bishop of, arm*, IL,
198. CAMBRIDGE, ADOLPHUS FRED- ERICK, Duke of, label, 1 1., fig. 9, p. 21. boulge, IL, 400. GEORGE, Duke of, label, II. , fig. 9, pp. 21, 23. ,, Lord Mayor of London,
arm*, I., 176. „ RICHARD, of CON-
INGSBURGH, Eari of, I., 342; IL, 215. GAMBYSES, personal insignia, L, 20. CAMDEN on Esquires, L, IS, 14. on "Nobiles,"L, 10. „ PRATT, Marquis, arm*, I.,
244. „ Remaitu, IL, 218. „ WILLIAM, arm*, L, 172. ,, Vi*ilation oj Huntingdon*hiref L, 219, 379; II. , 184. Camel a* a charge, I., 244. CAMEL, arm*, I., 244.
II II
VOL. IL
2 F
( 434 )
II II
Cameleom as charge$t I., 291. CauuH'ft fucuig a* chargM, I., 214. CAMBLB D'ARTENSAG, anm, I., 244. CAMERINO, VARANO, Dukes de, on/u,
I., 80. CAMERON, ar»ur, I., 138.
,, of FaMifern, moUo^ II., 8S8.
CAM IN, Principality of, ai-nu, I., 168;
II., 830. CAMMERSTBIN, Counts of, amu, II.,
84. CAMOENS, artiui, I., 808. Campaned, I., 418.
CAMPBELL, anus, L, 94, 188; PL VI., fig. 1, p. 94 ; II., 6, 10, 5rt, 80 154. „ ARCHIBALD, ar»w, II.,
192. „ Col. WILLIAM, anui, II.,
192. „ Earl of LOUDOUN, arms,
L,94; II., 10. MARGARET, seal, II., 80. „ of Ardkinlas, nipportert, I.,
817. ,, Inveraw, aruu, IT., 193. ,, Lundie, arnu, II., 146. Sir ILAY, armgy II., 192. CAMPBELLS in Argyllahiro, IL, 5. CAMPBRDOWN, Lord, anM, IL, 153;
crest, 242. CAMPLIONCH, anus, IL, 399. CAMP0RELL8, anm, I., 103. CAMPOS, see VALENCIA. CAMPREDONUE, anus, I., 365. CANABRI, arms, I., 131. CANALI, Gonnti), anus, L, 146. CANDAV^NE, an,u, I., 52. CANDIA, arnut, IL, 134. CANDALLE, amis, I., 133. CantlUslicks as charges I., 888. CANDOLLE, Marquities de, anns, I.,
92. CantiU, I., 278, 459. CAlQ^ETE, MENDOZA, Marquises of,
arms, II. , 129: supporierst 290. CANOE, ALIX DE, aruis, XL, 78.
,, DU, Dissertation sur I'kistoire de 8. Louis, pea' de JoinvilU, I., 40. „ „ quoted, I., 41.
CANI8Y, CARBONNEL, Maxquis de,
arms, I.. 204. CANIVET, NICHOLAS, arms, L, 191. CANIZARE8, arms, I., 184. CANNEGIETER, arms, L, 397. Cunnetf, I., 86, 459. CANNING, on»M, L, 212. Cannon as charges, I., 882. CANNON, arww, I., 382. CANO, Barons de MEGHBM, arms, L, 877. „ %mtto, II. , 886. CANTACUZENE, arms, L, 835. CANTALUPO, PODENAS, Princes de,
arms, I., 138. CAN TE LOW, JOHN, on»u, 1 1., 10. „ J0RI8, arms, IL, 10.
CANTELOWB, WILLIAM DE, arms, L,
349. CANTBLU, MICHAEL DB, Hal, I.,
83. CANTBLU PE, arras, I., 238.
JORIS, arms, II., 10.
II
CANTELUPE, THOMAS DE, Biahop of
HBREFORD, ansM, L, 238. WILLIAM DE, amu, 1., 349. CANTERBURY, ai-nu, 1., 159, 391 ; PL
XVIL, fig. 11, u. 15e. „ JOHN D'UFFORD,
Archbishop of, arms, I., 153. „ RALPH, Archbishop of,
arms, I., 161. THOMAS A BECKET, Arcli bishop of, orsu, I., 270. „ WILLIAM COUR-
TBNAY, Archbishop of, aartiu, 1 1.. 58. Canting-OA'ms, I., 418.
Canton, L, 126, 174, 175, 419, 459; PL XIX., figs. 2 and 8, p. 176. „ and/eM, 1., PL XIX., fig. 4, p.
176. „ Diff&rence by addition ^, II., 82. CatUontd, I., 419. Cantonni, I., 459.
Cantons-gironed, I., PI. XVIIL, fig. p p. 158. „ Tteo, I., PL XVIIL, fig. 1, p. 158. CANY, ROBERT, Seigneur de, IL, 196. Ckip, L, PL XXXVIL, fig. 8, p. 394. ,, o/ Maintenance as a charge, I., 40S. „ Steel, as a charge, I., 408. Caparisoned, I., 419. CAPECI, anns, I., 227. CAPELLO, anus, L, 407; PL XXXVIL,
fl^. 8, p. 894. Capeltne, II., 245. CAPET, Line of, I., 296. CAPLENDORF, Counts Ton, arms, I..
100. CAPOUA, antis, L, 97. CAPPELLI, aiiHS, L, 390. CAPPERS, arms, I., 408. CAPPONI, anns, L, 90. CAPRIN I, anM, L, 291. Capuehon, I., 459 ; IL, 245. CARACCIOLI, arms, L, 238. CAR AM AN, Marquises de, >mtto, 1 1., 379. CARBONNEL, Marquis de CANISY, anns, I., 204; PL XX IL, fig. 7, p. 196. CarbuneU, I., 419. GARDEN, anHS, L, 881. CARDIGAN, BRUDENBLL, Baria of, arms, L, 408. „ GRIFFITHS, Princes of,
. arms, I., 225.
Cardinal's Hai as a charge, I., 890. CARDON, arms, L, 854. CARDONA, arms, I., 354 ; IL, 105 ; PL
VII., fig. 3, p. 96. CARDOZO, anus, I., 866. CARDROSS, Lordship, anns, IL, 189. Cards (U charges, I., 408. CARENCY, Princes de, arms, I., 181, 837. CARILLO, anns, IL, 129, 130. CARINTHIA, duohjr, arms, IL, 68, 70, 89. 1251 279, 385. „ ALBERT, Duke of, $eaL
IL, 70. MARGARBT of, «coi, IL, 68.
{ 435 )
CARLAVEROCK, Siege of, I., 2S7 ; II.
104. CARLINGFORD, Lord, iupporUTt I.,
245. CARLISLE, Earl of, amu, II., 55. CARLOS, Col., a>-»w, II., 153. CARLOWITZ, arjjM, II., 164. CARLSSON, arm», I., 110. GARHIGHAEL, ann*, L, 136, 187, 144;
PI. XIL, fig. 6, p. 134. Caifiation^ I., 68, 459. Cut'TuUion* (u eharge», I. , 355. CARNEGIE, Earl of N0RTUE8K, motto, IL, 383. „ Earl of SOUTHESK, at-ms,
I., 269 ; cre»t, 329. CARNIOLA, Duchy, ann*, I., 258, 267;
II. , 125, 335. CARO, arww, II., 131. CAROLATH-BENTHEN, Princee, anw,
I. 855. CAROUGES, JEANNE, Dame de, sealf
I., 95. CARR, ROBERT, Viscount ROCHES- TER, mt}u, IL, 152. Cnrreaux, I., 459. CARRICK, ROBERT BRUCE, Earl of,
batlfje, 1 1., 210. CARRILLO, ornii, II., 92.
THERESIA DE, IL, 129. CARRO, arntf, I., 894. CARROLL, arm*, L, 171.
„ motto, II. , 384.
Carrola as eharget, I., 861. CARR'S M8., L, 382. CARS, DnoB dee, arm^, I., 131. CARTIER DTVES, Barons, arnu, L,
194. Cartouche, I., 419. CARTWRIGHT, arm*, I., 828. CARVAJAL, arm*, h, PI. XL, fig. 4, p. 128. „ Chevalier de, aniu, I., 128.
CASANOVA, anM, L, 879; IL, 408. CASOLI, AQUINO, Dues de, arim, L,
105. CAS8AGNET, Marquis de FIMARCON,
aruu, I., 139. C ASS AG N AC, we GRAINER. CAS8ANT, arniM, I., 297. CASSILIS, KENNEDY, Earl of, aniit,
L, 172. CAS8UBEN, ar>M, IL, 330.
„ Duchy, arm*, L, 301.
CA8TANEDA, ann*, I., 102. CASTEL, Me RATURLE. CASTELFRANCO, Dukes of, ann*. L,
818. CASTELLANS, DE, arm*, L, 375. CASTEL A IN, ann*, L, 802. CA8TELN, arm*, I.. 236. CASTELNUOVO, 8TANGA, Counts of,
antu, L, 101. CASTILE, ALFONSO of, ann», IL, PI. XVIL, fig. 6, p. 178.
„ ariM, I., 176, S65, 822, 405;
IL, 29, 71, 78, 81,99, HI, 123, 180, 131, 168, 169, 201. 202, 204, 278, 315, 823, 324, 842.
„ bordure of, 1 1., 29, 95, 182, 347. ELEANOR of, IL, 71 ; m-nu,
819.
CASTILE, ISABELLA of, badge, IL, 223. ,, Kingdom, arm*, I., 375.
„ UU^l of, 1 1., 17.
„ SANCUO, Infant of, I.,
48. CcutUla y Leon, Origtn de la* dignidadet
Mglare* de, L, 405. CASTILLE, DE, Marquis de CHENOISE,
ann*, I., 875 ; supporter* and crut^
319. CASTILLO, see FERNANDE8. CASTILLON, Marqueses of, I., 875. Cfutle, I., PI. XXXV., fig. 8, p. 876.
„ douUe toirered, L, PI. XXX VL, fig.
6, p. 880. CASTLE, EGERTOJH, English Book'Platt»t
1 1., 247. CASTLB-STUART, STEWART, Earl of,
ann*, II. , 193. Castles €u charges, L, 374. CASTRIES, LA CROIX, Duo de, ann*,
L, 162. CASTRIKLAND, anns, L, 245. CASTRO, Casa de Lara, IL, 105.
„ DE, annSf L, 203. Cat, DomtstU, a* a charge, I., 239.
„ Wild, as a charge, I., 239. CATALONIA, anns, L, 151. Cal-a-mount, I., 419. Catamount as a charge, I., 289. CATANEI, arms, L,81. Catapult, L, 419.
„ as a charge, L, 881. Catht)-ine'%eheel, I., 419. CATHCART, arms, L, 324. CATTARO, anns, IL, 125. Cai'Al^, L, 459.
CAUDRELIER, LE, anns, L, 277. Caultli-on as a charge, I., 405. CAUMONT,DE, IL, 406.
,, „ Abicidaired'Archiologie,
L, 206, 265, 300, 308, 314, 817. CAUX, PETER CORBETT, Baron de,
arms, L, 276. CAVALLERSCA, TRIBOLATI, Gram^
matica Araldica, 1 1., 374. CAVALLI, an,u, I., 249; PI. XXVIL,
fig. 6, p. 250. CAVAN, LAMBART, Earl of, ann*, I.,
341 ; crt*t, 814. CAVE, ann*, L, 106; PI. IX., fig. 5, p.
106. CAVENDISH, Dukes of DEVONSHIRE,
ann*, L, 246. CAVILL, anns, L, 135. CERA, anns, L, 80. CECIL, badge, II. , 402, CEFALONIA, anas, IL, 133. Ceintre, I., 459, 460. Cdery a* a charge, I., 861. CELLE8, ann*, L, 144. Celtic Tribes, shield*, I., 25. Ctndree, I., 67. CENNINO, ann*, I., 308. Cen*€r* a* charge*, I., 388. Centaur, I., 419.
,, ti*a charge, I., 318.
,, 'Sagittaire, I., 814. CENTELLE8, ann*, L, 109. Centre, Le, L, 65. CVp de Vigne, L, 4G0. Ceps, L, 460. CBRAMI, Princes of, arm*, I., 328.
( 436 )
it
CERBERUS (u a charge, T., 820. Ceirelee, I., 41P. (kixU, I., 460.
GERMISONA, m^u, I., 290. CESARINI, Dukes d« CITTANOVA, tvp-
iiorters, II., 280. CETRACINI, rtjww, I., 100. CETl'NBR, Cotinto, anus, I., S69. CEVA, Barons, arms, I., 103. ClIABAN, MOUCHARD, Comtede, ar»ui,
I., 294. CIIABOT, timta, TI., 128, 405.
„ PHILLIPPE, Comte de NBU-
BLANCHE, I., 284. Chalotit, I., 400. CHADWICK, ornw, I., 185.
„ Ontarian FamilU», II., 247.
CHAIL0U8, anns, I., 215. CHAILLU, DU, ViiingAge,!., 388; 11.,
227. ChaiM,'l.j PI. XXXIV., figs. 10 and 11, p. 364. ,, a* charges, I., 309. Chaliet* as chargtf, T., 38$. CHALMERS, arms, I., PI. XXV., fig. 4, p. 234. „ of Balnacraig, anns, I.,
284 CHALON, ar,M, I., 140 ; IL, 81. CHALONS, ainns, II., 108.
CLAUDE, ANTOINE, Bishop
Count of, amis, II., 86. Counts of, anus, II., 42,
47. HUGUES, DE, arms, IL,
47. LOUIS DE, firwii, H., 47. JEAN DE, Comte de BOUR- GOGNE, aniiM and banTier, II., 800. CHALOUYAU, MONTMORENCY,
LAVAL DE, aruis, 1 1., 03. Chamber, I., 419. Cliamberlain, The, arms, I., 33. CHAMBERS, WILLIAM, The Story of St. OiUs' Cathedral Church, Edinburgh, IL, 96. CHAM BON, Marquis d'ARBOUVILLE,
tirms, I., 103. CHAMUORD,Cumtede, I L, 24, 111. Cham/ront, I., 419. Champ, I., 460.
Champagne, L, 87, 126, 181, 829, 419; fig. 42, p. 87 ; II. , 105. ,, or Plaine, I., 460.
CHAMPAGNE, anM, IL, 101, 819.
„ Counts of, aiita, I., 144.
„ HENRI IL, Count of,
seat, I., 50. CHAMPERNON, arms, L, 147. CHAMPNEY, arms, L, 194. CHAMPS, EUDES ALLEMAN, Seigneur
des, arms, L, 54. CHAM PSDI VERS, arm«, L, 147. CHAN AC, arms, L, 69. Chandeliers de IBglise, L, 400. CHANDOS, arms, L, 156; Pi. XVII., fig. 1, p. 156 ; IL, 9. „ Sir JOHN, IL, 303; an)ur,
9. Chantant, I., 460.
Chapi, L, 92, 97, 98, 460; PI. VII., fig. 8, p. 94. „ 'Ployt, L, 460 ; PI. VI., fig. 9, p. 94.
II 11
Cftapeau, I., 419.
CAopef as a charge, L, 379.
CkapeUt, L, 460.
CHAPELLB, LA, arms, L, 879.
„ Seigneur de la, amu, IL,
199. ULRIC DE, cicMi, IL, 22$. Chaperon, L, 460. Chaperonw, L, 98, 460. Cftaperons, I., 408. Chaplet, L, 419; PL XXXIII., fig. 9, p.
852. diaplets as charges, L, 354. CHAPPELL, arms, L, 380. CHARDOIGNE, anns, I., ItfS. CHARDON DU HAVET, ann*, L, 364. Charge, L, 419, 460. Chargeii, L, 419.
Chaages, AnimaU, I., 206, 221, 254, S81, 299. ,, Astronomical, I., 321. „ Common, I., 111. ,, Difference by change of the minor,
IL, 5L „ „ „ dhninishing the
nu)nber o/, IL, 51. „ Difi'erent kinds of, L, 111. „ Inanimate, L, 321, SSS, 362. Military, I., 362.
OH a bcTul, I., PI. XIIL, fig. 3, p. 140.
„ „ chenon, L, PL XIV., fig. 8, p. 146. CHARLEMAGNE, L, 6, 7, 19, 20, 21, 32,
187; IL, 847. „ croKn of, L, 266; II.,
147, 254, 255, 329. CiOKH of, a* a charge, I., 396. IL, fig. 20, 253. ensign of, L, 254. palladium of, IL, 310.
„ sword of, I., 255.
CHARLES L, Kingof GREAT BRITAIN, I., 237; IL, 19, 20, 15t5, 231, 278, 327, 345 ; crown, 256 ; tvjrporteTs, 326. IL,Kingof GREAT BRITAIN, IL, 39, 95, 152, 153,156, 181, 182, 190, 269, 328, 3:}3, 346, 359; crowcn, 256 ; supporters, 326. I L, King of NAPLES, L, 349. IL, King of SPAIN, IL, 872. „ III., King of NAVARRE, IL,
320. „ IV., Emperor, seal, L, 259; II., 820 ; croten, 259. IV., King of BOHEMIA, ual, L, 259. „ IV., King of FRANCE, seal, L, 870 ; II. , 69 ; supporUrs,. 2S2. , , V. , Emperor, seal, I. , 266 ; 1 1 , , 59, 169, 197, 202, 264; crovcn, 257. v., King of FRANCE, anns, L, 347; IL, 231, 372; supporter, 278, 282. v., MARGARET, nataral
daughter of, IL, 132. v., supporter's, IL, 290.
•I
If
It If
II
I
( 437 ;
CHARLES VI., Emiwror, Aurea Bulla of,
I., 264. ,, VI., Biuiwror, II., 872.
„ VI., King of FRANOB, II.,
101, 820, 831 ; mppoH- erSf 282. „ VI., Mai, II., 123.
„ VII., Bniperor, »eal, I., 264. VII., King of FRANCB, I., 261, 849 ; II., 140, 161, 196 ; tiipjxntert, 282. „ VII., King of 8WBDBN, I.,
339. „ Vlir., King'of FRANCB, II., «7, 199; erotrn, 258; »upporter», 282. IX., King of FRANCE, II.,
194, 281. IX., King of SWEUBN, II.,
207. EMANUEL, King of SAR- DINIA, I., 256. „ King of HUNGARY, ania,
1L, 90. „ „ JERUSALEM, tetil,
IL, 90. „ „ NAPLES, »eat, IL,
90. „ „ SICILY, wa/, L,
847. „ THE BALD, L, 40.
„ the hold, Duke of, 1 1., 372.
CHARLES'S Roll, I., 867, 874, 839,
894. CHARLETON, anti», L, 225.
„ of POWVS, an*«, II., 18.
CHARLOTTE, PrinooM, II., 28. CHARNY, GUILLEMBTTB DE, amu, IL, 109. PIERRE DE BEAUPPRE- MONT, Count de, ariM, IL, 103. CHAROLOIS, CHARLES, Count of,
artiu, II., 107. CHAROST, BETHUNE, Dnos de, a)M:«,
II., 16. CHARPENTIER, LB, II. , 408. CHARRA, «> WW, 1 1., 78. CHARTERIS of Kinfauns, amu, L,
189. CHARTERS, arm*, I., 184. CHASSANEUSon "Nobiles," L, 10. CHASTE LLUX, Marquises de, ana*, I.,
197. CHASTILLON, JEAN DE, cm«, IL,
235. „ ,, LAVAL, Seig-
neur de, ariM, IL, 100. Chateau, L, 460.
CHATEAUBRIAND, arm*, L, 122, 349 ;
ahu* and wotio, IL, 880. GEOFFREY, Connta of, arm* and »iof(o, II. , 881. „ GEOFFROI DE,
arni», L, 349; 1 1., 161. CHATEAU-GONTIER, a^tM, I., 160. CHATEAU-MELIAND, arm*, I., 138. CHATEAUNEUF, M. de, II., 407. CHATELAIN, (o-nu, I., 376. ChCiUle, I., 460.
CHATELET, I)U, a^-iiu, IL, 51. CHATELHERAULT, duchy, 1 1., 140.
I*
ti
t>
CHATILLON, arm*, IL, 48.
COLIGNY, Duca de, arm*,
I. 268. Comte DE ST. POL, armit
II. 322. EUSTAOIA de, Hcrttum,
L, 60.
JEAN DE, air« de DAM- PIERRE, ariM, II., 48. MONTMORENCY- LAVAL, arm*, 1 1., 63. CHATON DB'MORANUAIS, Matquiaea,
ar)#M, L, 834. CHATTBRTON, arm*, L, 165. CHAUCER, ttrww, L, 141 ; PL, XIIL, flg.
4, p. 140. Cha\vdikre, I., 460.
CHAULNES, Dues de, armJi, I., 229. CHAUMBLLS, arni*, I., 882. CHAUMI£:RE, *ee BIGOT. CHAUMONT, ariM, I., 128, 332.
Comtea DU VEX IN, arm*, IL, 812. Chau**^, I.. 97, 460.
„ -iiloyi, I., 460; PI. VI., flg. 9, p. 94. Chau**etrape», I., .%9, 460. Ckauve-touri*, 1., 460. CHAUVIGNY, anM, IL, 14. CHAWORTH, aruu, L, 150; IL, 46.
Sir PATRICK DE, *eal, I., 64 ; ami*, 1 1., 46. ,, THOMAS, *eal, I., 68.
CHAYLAU, anM, I., 215. theetjuy, I., PL VIIL, figa. 6 and 7, p. 100. Chef, I., 127, 460. ,, -chexi-on, I., 461. ,, cov.ttu, L, 114. „ i(€ Fi-ance, I., 460. „ „ I'Etapin, I., 461. „ -tlextre, I., 461. ,, Le cantmt dextre du, I., 65. „ ,, teneitredii, I., 65.
,, ,, ^wint du, I., 65. ,, -pal, I., 461. „ -tettertre, I., 461. „ -triangrvAairr, I., 461. „ -ronti, I., 461. CHEMILL^, arm*, L, 62. CHENEY, bmht, IL, 401. CHENOISE, CASTILLE, Marqnia de, arm*, L, 875 ; tupporttrg and atit, 319. CHEPSTOW, an,t*, L, 881. CHEPY, Marqniaeaof, arm*, I., 138. Chffjuif, I., 108, 419. CHJ^RINS, ai-m*, I., 214. Cheiriee a* charge*, I., 359. Chtny Tree a* a charge, I., 335. Ch'.ruftiv*, I., 461. CHERSO, arm*, IL, 133. Cherub a* a charge, I. , 213. CHERUEL, IHetionnaire Hutorujv.e de* fn*tUutioH» de la France, L, 282 ; IL, 310. CHESNB, DU. arm*, I., 858. CHESNEAU, DU, arm*, I., 147. Che** pieces a* charge*, I., 403.
,, rool; I., 419. CHESTEB, arm*, 1 1., 75.
„ County Palatine of, arm*.
IL, 90. „ Earl of, arms, II. , 222.
„ HUGH, Earl of, hoI, I., 56.
( 438 )
CHESTER, RAXULF BLUNDEVILLE,
Earl of, aitni, I., S69. „ „ Earl uf, iealt I.,
56. OHBiiTBRFIELD, STANHOPE, Earl of,
anns, I., 92. CHETTLB8, anuM, I., 294. CHETWODE, ai-iiui, I., 119; PI. X., fig.,
12, p. 116. ChfialTi-ap, I., 369, 419. CUEVALERIB, arnut, 1., 240. Checaliers-bachdiergt H., 802. CheveU, I., 461. ChevilU, I., 461.
GHBVREUSE, Dncsde, ar„i*, I., 229. Cht\-ron^ I., 145, 419, 461 ; PI. XIY., fig. 1, p. 146. „ OM a diff'trovce, II., BO. „ ehtcquy, I., PL XIV., fig. 2, p.
146. „ cotisfd, I., PI. XIV., fig. 8, p. 146. ,, DivUe €n, I., 461.
eeini^, I., PI. XIV., fig. 9, p. 146. ,, Bn, I., 461.
„ fracted, I., PL XIV., fig. 10, p. 146. Parted ptr, I., 91, 419; fig. 40, p. 87 ; PL v., fig. 8, p. 88. ,, Parti )i6r, I., 98. „ ploy^, I., PL XIV., fig. 4, p. 140. ,, The, fig. 47, I., 125, 12«3. Chevronel, I., 419. Chevi-onn^, I., 107, 461. Ch^tronny, L, 107, 419 ; PL VIIL, fig. 5,
p. 100. Chevrona interlaced^ I., PL XIV., fig. 7, p. 146 ; PL XIV., fig. 12, p. 146. „ revei'ii(d, I., PL XTV., fig. 6, p.
146. „ rompiii, I., PL XIV., fig. 11, p. 146. CHICHESTER, See of, armn, I.. 206.
„ PELIIAH, Earl of, ainnf>,
I 393 SEFFRBD, Bishop of, at'tM, I., 161. CHICnORRO, MARTIN AFFONSO, II.,
203. ChxcLerut an a charge^ I., 277. Chicot, I., 461.
CHIDIOK, Sir JOHN, avtM, L, 186. Chi^f, I., 126, 127, 419 ; PL XL, fig. 1, p. 128. „ ai-cfud, L, PL XL, fig. 5, p. 128. ,, 08 an aHf/»ientatioH, I., 128. „ indented, L, PL XL, fig. 2, p.
128. „ Napoleonic Duc€U, I., PL XL, fig. S, p. 128. CHlfeVRBS, QUILLAUME, Seigneur de,
arnt*, II., 59. CHIFFLET, JEAN JACQUES, L, »95 ; IL, 390. ,, In»igni(t Oentilitia 3iuitnui
VdterU Awxi, 1 1., 29, 59, 124, 197, 199. CMIGI, arnm, I., 336. CHILDERIC, King of FRANCE, tomb,
I., 295. CHILLY, arum, L, 76. ChihUfra, L, 420.
, . as a choi'ge, I. , 809. CHIMAY, ANTOINE DE, artn», IL, 60.
CHIUAY, CHARLES, Prince of. ortng, IL,60. ,, CROY, Princes de, ami9, I.,
138, 865. „ JEAN, Count of, antut, II. ,
60. „ „ DE, ana*, II., 60.
PHILIPPE DE, 11., 00. Chiuikre, I., 461.
CHINA. IW/ow Ih-agon of, I., 306. CHIPPENDALE, artM, I., 235. CHISEAU, DE, arui*, I., 177. CHITIGNANO, a,ui>t, I., 307 ; PI. XXX..
fig. 6, p. 804. CHIVALBrr, arvM, I., 249. CHIVERS, ar,M, I., 177. CHIVRON, a»»w, IL, 78. CHLODWIG, King of the Franks, I., C. CHOISBUL, rti-rttf, IL, 36.
ANTOINE, Coiute de, IL,
36. -BEAUPRli. CLAUDE
ANTOINE DE, arw«, IL, 36. Dues de, arm*, II., 51.
„ PRASLIN, evmui, IL, 51.
BTIENNE FRAXgOIS, Due de, arm*, IL, 36. CHOLMELEY, ariM, 1 1., 1S8.
Sir RICHARD, IL, 181. „ Sir ROGER, amu, II.,
181. miM, I., PL XXXIV., fig. 4, p. 364. ,, Marquis, annx, I., 359.
CHOLMONDELEY, arm* and motto, II. ,
379 ; badge, 401. CHORINSKI, mantling, IL, 251. Chouca*, L, 461. Chouette, L, 461. C/iough, L, 420.
,, Co}'ni*h, an a charge, I., 276. CHRIST, ORDER OF, IL, 871. CHRISTIAN, Sote» to Blael'ttone, I.,
14. CHRISTIBRN L, King of DENMARK. IL, 367. IV., King of SWEDEN,
eroK-n, 1 1., 257. v.. King of DENMARK,
IL, 207, 867. v., King of SWEDEN, Ci-own^ II. , 257. „ v.. King of NORWAY
and DENMARK. IL, 207. CHRI8TYN, Juri»prudcntiu Hitioricn,
IL, 173, 198, 199. Chronicum, Belgieum Magnv.w, L, 42. Chronicon S. Martini Turonentte, L, 40. ChrvMAnthemum as a ba'ffjt, L, 23. CHUR, arm*, L, 889; IL, PL XIV., fig.
8, p. 162. Chuirk bell* a* charge*, L, 390.
,, »pire a* a charge, L, 379. CHUTE, arm*, L, 364. CIBO. ALBERIC arm*, IL, 158. CIURARIO, Sigilli di' Principidi Savoia,
IL,67, 75, 82, 272,278. CIMANI, arm*, IL, 399. Ciiiihr, I., 461.
CINDERELLA'S Slipi^i, L, 70. CINI, arm*, L, 67, 68. Cinque-foil, I., 420.
( 439 )
CINQUB PORTS, antu, IL, PI. IV., fig.
6, p. 74 ; Kof, 83. Cinque/oUi, I., PI. XXXIII., fig. 1, p. 352.
„ as chai-gfs, I., S40.
CINTI, arm*, L, 67, 68. Cintri, I., 461. GIOLBK, an/M, I., 247. CIOLI, arnig, I., 146. CIPRIANI, ttn»M, I., 289. CIRGASSIA, a>MM, II., .tSO. Circufar-bordure, I., 420. CISNER08, »fe GOXSALEZ. CISTERNA, Princes DELL A, anus, I.,
307. CITTANOVA, CESARIXI, Dnkei de,
supporUrs, II., 2S0. City at a chargf, I., 879. Civie-ovifn^ I., 420. GLAIRAMBAULT, Marquis d« VENDE
NIL, atuM, I., 23a. CLAIRAUNAY, arni*, I., 812. Clairevoiet, I., 106, 461. CLAIRON, DE, Gomte* de HAUSSON-
VILLR, anuM, I., 169. CLANCARTY, Lord, guppwter, II., 29S. CLAPS, aruM, I., 329. CLARE, aniM, II., 37, 82, 83, 328. „ Butt of, IL, S2.'t. ,, DB, arms, II. , 71.
„ Earl of GLOUCESTER, arwM, I., I.'jO ; badgt, 142. „ ELIZABETH DE, ar^M, IL, 86. „ „ Lady BAR-
DOLP, «m/, I., 62; 1 1., 71. „ GILBERT DE, Earl of GLOU- CESTER, IL, 64,71. „ „ seal, I., 60.
„ HOLLIS, Earl of, anm, I., 157. Lord of GLAMORGAN, I., 402. „ MARGARET DE, anus, IL, 64,
SO. „ Sir THOMAS DE, IL, 82. CLARENCE, amis, IL, 188; badiif, 400.
Dnke of, label, IL, 23. GEORGE, Duke of, mani-
Una, 1 1., 247. LIONEL, Dnke of, ariM,
IL, 17. Sir JOHN DE, arms, IL,
179. THOMAS, Duke of, IL. 179. WILLIAM HENRY, Duke of, labei, IL, 21 ; flg. 3, p. 20. CLARENCEUX, King of Arms, arm*,
IL, 145. CLARENDON, Earl of, IL, 127; ami*,
IW „ HYDE, Earl of, anwt,
I., 193. „ Sir ROGER DB, at-ni*,
IL, 178. Clariehortl, or Clarion, L, 420, 461. darichm-ds, I., 402. Ctariixe, I., 462.
aaHon, L, PI. XXXVIL, flg. 11, p. 804. Clarions a» charges, I., 402. CLARKE, aruis, I., 133. Classical Quotations a« mottoes, II. , 385. CLAVBR, artiu, L, 122. CLAVBRING, EVA, daughter of JOHN, Baron, mo/, IL, 76.
II II
•I
11 II
It
»»
II II
II
II
i» II
II II
II II
II
CLAVIOERO, quoted, L. S5. CLAYHILLS, of Invergotrrie, arms, L,
07. CUchee, L, 462. CLELAND, arms, L, 250; PL XXVIL,
fig. 7, p. 250. CLl^MENT, arms, L, 140.
IV., tomb and arms of Pope,
I., 45. IX., Pope, artns, L, 194. CL^RAMBAULT, anus, L, 104. CLERK, Sir JOHN, arms, IL, 149. CLERMONT, B^RAUD III., Comte de, 1., 283. lionl, supporter, I., 245. LOUIS IL, Comte de, L,
283. -NESLB, arms, I., 284. TONNERRE, Counts de, nniMand supporter's, IL, 285. CLEVE, or CLEVE8, arms, IL, 333.
ADOLPH of, orwji, IL, lOS. ANNE of, IL, 151 ; aruis, 323,
33'.'. Counto of, o-esl, II., 228, 240. Dukes of, arnu, L, 371 ; IL,
91 333. JOHN, Duke of, IL, 323. LE COMTB DB, arms, IL, PI.
XL, flg. 2, p. 144. WILLIAM. Duke of, IL, 323. CLIFFORD, arms, IL, 37 ; bailgf, 400.
,, Fair Rosamonfl, L, 342; 1 1.,
215. ,, MAUD, daughter of Lord,
L, 342; II. , 215. „ ROSAMOND, IL, 215.
CLINTON, badgf, II. , 401.
Duke of NEWCASTLE, arms, I., 172; supporters, 1 1., 236. HUGH DE, arms, 1 1., 37. JOAN DE, arms, IL, 87. Lord, sitpporters, II. , 236. of ikuideslej, II. , 236; arms,
L, 851. PETRONILLA, IL, 286. CLISSON, OLIVIER DE, seat, I., 61 ;
supportfr, IL, 277. CLITE, JEAN DE LA, Seigneur DB
COMMINES, arms, IL, 28. CLOCHE, DE LA, arms, L, 390. CLOCK, arms, L, 390. CLOEPS DE HEERNE3SE, Barons,
arms, I., 358. CLOOS, NICHOLAS, ennobled, L, 11. CLOOT, arms, L, 202. Close, L, 273, 420. Closet, L, 136, 420. Clouds as charges, I. , 828.
„ irradiated, L, PI., XXX I., fig. 12, p. 822. Cloui, I., 462. Clones, I., 107. Clous-de-la- Passion, L, 462. CLOVIS, King of the Franks, I., 6, 295,
344 ; IL, 310. CLUN, arms, L, 128. CLUSSEAU, DE, arms, I., PL XIX., flg.
5, i». 176. CLUTINCK, arms, IL, 35. CLYFtORDE, JOHIS DE, amis, II. ,
176. Coats, Parted, L, 84.
II
II II II II
11
( 440 )
COBHAM, arm*, I., 147 ; II., 40, b% S75 ; batlpet 401. „ JOAN, Lftdjr, Mujtporttr, II.,
276. „ LITTLETON, VUooanU, on**, I 287. COBt/RG,*«n»*, II.. 334.
,, 9tt oAXB.
Cbrlrtule, II., S75. Coek-Flah oi a charge, I., 9\h. Cockatrict, I., 420; PI. XXX., fig. 0, p. 804. ,, a»a charge, T., 807.
COCKBURN, anM4, I., 277.
,, JOHN, aon of Sir ALEX-
ANDER, aniM, II., 74. Cock*, I., PI. XXIX., fig. 3, p. 278. „ (u charge*, L, 277. ,, comb* a* rharffe*, I., 277. COCKS, Earl SOMCRS, arnu, L, 24d. COgg, LB, Counts de UUMBEKB, arm*,
L, 277. Cod a* a charge, L, 285. CODEVE, Rarong, arm*, II., 1A4. CODRINGTON, motto, II., 883. COELEiV, aiiM, I., .S60. COELHO, NICOLAO, anas, I., 260. COfiTIVY, PriDOM de MORTAONE,
arm*, I., ICS. COfiTMBN, ANNETTE DE LAVAL, Dame de, arttu, II., 75, 78 ; *eal, 76, 78. „ Marquis de, motto, II.,
380. COfiTQUEN, anu*, I., 104.
„ Mantoises de, amu, I., 104 ;
motto, II., 386. Co(ur, Kn, I., 402. CCEUR, JACQUES, ar»w, L, 215. CCEUKET, Mnrquu de NB8LB, ai-nu, I.,
21.'i.
CCEURVERT, amu, I., 215.
COrONE, arm*, L, 75.
COIMURA, JOHN of, anu*, II., 102.
COING, arm*, I., 236.
Coins, Arm* on, I., 46.
COISLIN, DE UOMBAUT, Dues de,
ana*, I., 138. COKAYNE, una*, I., 277; PL XXIX., fig. 3, !>. 278. ,, CotnpUte Peerage, II., 18.5.
COKE, Ix>rd Jiintioe, quoted, 11., 141. „ Sir EDWARD on " Nobilee," L, 10. COKER, arm*, L, 40S. COLBERT-CHABBANAIS, Marquis de, arm*, I., 2S9. „ JEAN BAPTISTE, arm*, I.,
28P. „ MHp]iort<r*, I., 812.
COLE, arm*, I., 201. COLIGNO, ANSELMO, Count de, anni,
IL, 204. COLIGNY, arm*, 1., 268. COLLALTO, Princes of, orwM, I., 92. Collar of 88., IL, 226. Collared, L, 420. Collar* ai-ound «hitld*, II. , 201.
„ Livertf, IL, 225. COLLEONI, Counts, aryiu, L, 215. COLLET, arm*, I., 159. Collet^, L, 462. COLLINS, Pterage, IL, 186. COLLONGUE, aruu, L, 76.
COLLOREDO-M ANSFELD, P r i n e e a,
a-rm*. L, 268. COTX)GNE, arm*, L, S96.
„ Priooe-Arshbiahopa, Blecton
of, arm*, I., 152. COLOMBIER, «M PASCAL. COLOMBI^RE, S'ience HSrou/ue, I./S7
VUL80NDBLA, L, 7L Coloni, I., 4.
COLONNA, arm*, L, 880; PL XXXV., fig. 7, IK S76. „ at*t, I., 818.
„ ISABELLA, arttu, IL, 61.
„ Prince, IL, 406.
Ctotonnes, I., 462. Colour*, I., 66.
„ ranking of, L, 60. ,, represented by lines, I., 70. COLQUHOUN, aniu, I., 154. COLT, ai-m*, I., 249. Columbine, L, 68.
COLUMBUS, omM, L, 830; IL, 168; PI.
VL, fig. 1, p. 84.
„ FERDINAND, tMtto, IL,
383.
COLUMBUS' desoemUnta, motto, IL, 88S.
COLUMSt, L, PI. XXXV., fig. 7, p. 376;
IL, 289. Golamns, L, PI. XXXV., fig. 8, p. 376.
,, a* charge*, I., 880.
COLVILE of Duflleld, arnu, IL, 15. COLVILLB, arm*, L, 167 ; PI. XV., fig. 4, p. 152. ,, of Ochiltree, arm*, I., 167.
Combatant, L, 234, 420. COMBAUT, DE, Ducsde COISLIN, ai-BM,
L, 138. COMBES, »ee BONES. Cbmble, L, 462. COMBOURG, COETQUEN, Count*, orwu,
L, 104. Comb* a* charge*, I., 407. Come*, I., 0.
Comet a* a charge, I., 327. Comite, L, 462. Cotnet^, L, 462. COM IN, ana*, I., 859. Oomitattu, L, 6, 6. ComittJf, L, 6, 8.
COMMENCES or COM MING BS, arvu, 162. 163. „ Count BERNARD DE,
»eal, L, 162. COMMINES, JEAN DE LA CLITE. Seig- neur de, arm*, IL, 28. „ PHILIPPE DE, aruu, IL,
28 COMNENA, ANNA, I., 20. COMNENl, arm*, L, 390. COMPAGNI, aruu, L, 140. ComjMrtHunt, I., 420. Com]xtrtmenl*, IL, 2S8. CouiiMSs, Fleur-deli* on the, L, 849. Complement, In her, 1.', 420. Compon, I., 462. ComfWixi, Componjf, L, 420. COMPTON, arm*, L, 239 ; bailge, IL, 401. COMYN, arnu, L, 359 ; IL, 276.
Sarin of BUCHAN, annt, I. 860. Cotieentric orle*, L, PI. XVIIL, fig. 2, i*,
158. CONCORDIA, duchy of, arm*, IL, 132. C0ND6, Prince of, IL, 378.
( 441 )
CONDlft, Priaoei de, orMw, II., 40, 105. CONG ALTON, arm.% 11., 16. CONNINOSBURGH, RICHARD of, Earl
of CAMBRIDGE, II., 215. Conjoined, I., 420.
„ in lure, I., 272, 420.
CONNAUGHT, ARTHUR, Duke of, labd, fl«. 6, II., 20, 22. „ Dake of, II., 361.
„ provinoe, arttu, II., S3.
C0NNISBUR6H, GILBERT and
WILLIAM, 9eal, I., 53. Conque-nuuHnt, I., 462. CONRAD L, Emperor, ctokh, II., 259. „ II., Emperor, mcU, I., 845. ,, Emperor, II., 255; eroKn, 250. CONROY, Count* of, «r»w, II., 206. CONSIDINE, ann», I., 185. CONSTABLE, ann$, I., lOS.
„ The, ar/rt*, I., 38.
CONSTANTINE, Emperor, IL, 261.
„ XIV., Emmror of BY-
ZANTIUM, L, 262. „ the Great, II., 253.
CotuUllationii at ekarget, I., 826. CONTARINI, antu, I., 142. CONTI. Prinoea de, ama, II., 40. Contourne*, I., 2Sii, 420, 462. CONTOY, LE, JBUNE or LE J08NE,
Marquis de, anus, I., 885. Conbt appauuif, I., 462. „ batide, Contrt-barri, Contre-ehev- ronnf, OnUi-e-fMci, Contrt-ptUi, L, 462. „ eoiuponni, I., 463. ,, fearUU, II., 463. „ fambant, I., 463. „ kermine, I., 69, 4t»3. „ pasmnt, I., 463. „ rair, 1., 463. J, vah^i, I., 4<>3. C0NTRIZAKI8, an/w, I., 73. CONYERS, artM, I., 802, 8J»3 ; II., 183. COOLE, aruis, I., 360.
„ DE, ann*, I., 860. COP, aruu, I., 205.
COPE, onw, I., PI. XXXIIL, fig. 4, p. 352. „ WILLIAM, an)u, I., 343. Coptd, I., 97, CoquertlU», I., 463. Cotiuillage, I., 463. CoquilU, I., 468. Cor-de-cheum, I., 463.
CORBET, ROBERT, PATRICK, and WALTER, moIm, I., 53. „ THOMAS, ami*, 1., 276,
CORBETT, PETER, Baron de CAUX,
arm*, I., 276. CORBOLI, arnu, I.» 276. ConU, I 468. Corded, I., 420. CbrtlelUre, L, 463; II., 293. CORDOVA, anu*, I., 188.
„ Connta of FIGUEROA, arnu,
IL, 130; PI. VIL, fig. 6, p.
96.
Don ALONZA PERNAN-
DEZ DE, arms, II.,
98.
PEDRO FERNAN- DEZ DE, rin)M, II., 98, „ Dukes of 8ESA, anus, IL,
92.
II
II
II
»i
CORDOVA, Marquises of PRIEGO, anas, II. , 92. „ supportersy II. , 291.
CORFU, at-ms, IL, 188. Corinthians, Epistle to the, IL, 403. CORKS, amis, L, 235; PL XXV., fig. 9,
284. Coiinoranf L, 464. CORNAIS, DES, arms, L, 192. CORNEILLAN, Counts de, arms, I.,
276. CORNEILLE, ainns, L, 116. CORNELIUS AGRIPPA, I., 176. Comes, I., 464.
Cornet, I., PL XXXL, fig. 6, p. 822. CORNET, aruis, L, 401. CornHoKers as charges, I., 855. Cornih-e, L, 464. Cknmish Chough, I., 420; PL XXIX., fig.
1, p. 278. CORNUT DE ST. LEONARD, LE, arm*,
L, 198. CORNWALL, Duchy of, arnu, II. , 221. Earl of, anus, 1., PI. XX.,
fig. 1, 1). 180. EDMOND PLANTA- GBNET, Earl of, seal, IL, 80. EDMUND, Duke of, sup- porters, 1 1., 275. JOHN of Eltham, Earl
of, amis, II. , 26. PIERS GAVESTON, Earl of, anns, I., 269. „ RICHARD, Earl of, anus,
I., 182, 257. „ „ of, supporters,
II. , 276. C0RNWALLI8, anns, L, PL IX., fig. 12,
p. 106. , , M an^nesses, amis, I. , 1 23.
Coronet, crest, IL, 227, 249.
„ o/ AdmirtUs of Hollantl, 1 1. , 267. „ o/Baivn, IL, PL XXIII., fig. 12, p. 254. q/" Austria, II. , 267. ,, Btlgivtu, II., PL XXIIL, fig. SO, p. 254. If II II France, 1 1., PL
XXIIL, fig. 21, p. 254. ,, Gennany, IL, PL XXIIL, fig. 27, p. 254. ,, Ketherlanils, II. ,
266. „ PortugcU, II. , 267. „ „ Sweden, II. , 267. of Count of France, 266 ; IL, PL XXIIL, tg. 19, p. 254. „ ,, ,, Germany, II. , PL
XXIIL, fig. 26, p. 254. II II II Italy, IL, 267.
„ „ Doge of Venice, IL, PL XXIIL,
fig. 23. p. 254. „ „ Ihike, IL, PL XXIIL, fig. 8,
p. 254. „ „ Earl, IL, PL XXIIL, fig. 10,
p. 254. „ „ FiU de France, IL, PL XXIIL, fig. 15, p. 254.
If II
»i fi
II
II
II •I II
I*
II
( 442 )
Oi^nmetf o/Qrandea of Spain, IT., S65. ,, ,, Gh'atuUon* of Soveitignu, IT.,
PI. XXIII., fig. 7, p. 254. „ „ Heirflitarif KHiffhto/Itaiy,lJ., PI. XXIII., fig. 85, i>. 254. ,, ,, Jonl'heer of the yetherlatuU,
II., 268. „ ,, Kint; qf ArrM, II., PL XXIII.,
fig. 86, p. 254. ,, „ MarqwM, II., PI. XXIII., fig.
9 I) 254 „ „ MarqnU, II., PI. XXIII., fig.
82, I). 254. „ „ ,, of France, II., PI.
XXIII., figs. 17 and IS, p. 254. ,, „ Koble of Oenntiuy, II., PJ.
XXIII., fig. 28, p. 254. „ „ „ „ Itatif, II., PI.
XXIII., fig. 84, p. 254. ,, ,, ,, ,, Netktt'lands, II., PI. XXIII.. fig. 31, p. 254. „ ,, Prendent an Mortier of Franct, II., PI. XXIII., fig. 22, p. 254. ,, ,, Prince of France, II., PI.
XXIII., fig. 16, p. 254. „ ,, Pi-inces of Oermany, I J.,
263. „ „ „ Jtalf/, II., 264.
,, ,, ,, Sweifen, II., 264.
„ Vidaine, IT., PI. XXIII., fig. 24 D. 254. „ „ Viscount, li., PI. XXIII., fig.
11., p. 254. ,, of Frwnce, II., PI. XXIII., fig. 20, p. 254.
„ „ Hftlff^ II., PI.
XXIII., fig. 83, p. 254. ,, ,, yttherlaiul*, II.,
PI. XXIII., fig. 29, p. 254. „ ,, „ „ Spain, II., 267.
„ Bnli*fi PrinceMtn, II., PI. XXIII.,
fig. 6, p. 254. „ SoM of Briiiah Sovereign*, \\.,V\. XXIII., fig. 5, p. 254. CoroneU, II., 258, 264.
., 041 rhartffx, I., 804.
CORPUS CURISTI COLLEGE, OX- FORD, ttTMM, I., 276. CORRARO, arms, I., 99, 193 ; PI. VI., fig.
11, p. 94. GORRETr, oj-nw, I., 193; PI. VL, fig. 11,
p. 94. Cort, I., 244, 464. CORSANT, anus, I., 172. CORSINI, IL, 408. CORTKZ, HERMAN, arms, L, 23, 330,
870 ; IL, 168. CORTI, an/ui, I., 215. CORU^A, MENDOZA, Count of, arms,
II. 92 129. COSSeVtANIA, Count of, supporters,
II., 286. COSSO, wreath, 1 1., 248. COSTA, DA, anns, L, 219. COSTA NZO, anns, L, 219.
>> >,
II »i
>> ••
OOSTE, DE LA, anM, T., 892.
COSTE DU VIVIBR, DB LA, armt, L.
219. COTGRAVB'S Roll, IL, 10. Cotiee, I., 142, 143, 151. 420, 464.
,, -en-barre, I., 464. Ooticeii, I., 189, 420. COTONBR, ar»»M, I., 356.
„ NICHOLAS and RAFAEL.
L, 856. Coto^*, I., 464.
COTTEBLANCHB, arms, L, 40S. COTl'ER, aruis, L, 290. COTTERBLL, wotto, 1 1., 385. Cottes as charges, L, 408. Cotton-plant as a charge, I., 356. Oottonian, MS., IL, 179. Couanl, I., 464. Oouchant, L, 281, 246, 420. Couehe, I., 148, 464 ; IL, 420. COUCI, anns, I., PL VIIL, ftg. 2. p.
100. COUCY, DB, anns, I., 79, 101. „ „ motto, L, 102.
ENGUERRAN DB, «ml, I., 61. 79. „ . INGELRAM DB, 1., 102. „ Queen MARIE. DB, L, 102. ,, seaJ, I., 50. ,, Sire de, inotto, IL, 8S4. ,, swjyporters, II. , 278. COUDBNBERG, aniw, I., 378. COCE, an*»j», L, 143. Coulenvre, L, 464. Coulissi, L, 464. Count, Coronet of a, 1 1., 266. Counter-changed, I., 118, 421. ,, company, L, 421. „ embattled, I., 42L „ embonted, I., 421. „ flm-if, L, 421. „ passant, L, 284. 421 ; PL XXV.,
fig. 2, p. 284. „ potent, L, 70. „ quartereil, 1 1., 102. ranipont, I., 284. saliant, I., 421.
trippant, or Counter-tripping, I 421.
,, vair, L, 80, 421. 09H»<e?T«t»*, L, PJ. IV., fig. 7. p 70. * "
Coupe, I., 90, 138, 464.
„ Alternativement, IL, 46(. Coupeau, I., 464. Coupeil, L, 421. COUPER, JAMES BLPHINSTOXE,
Lord, supportei', L, 318. Couple-close, I., 421. Coupleclovs, L, 151. CoupU-de-cKienn, I., 464. Couples, I. , 464. a>urant, L, 421, 464. Oaurlte, L, 464. C0URCBLLB8, anus, L, 92.
„ MARGUERITE DE
ami*, IL, 274. *
COURCY, DE, RaroDB of KINGS ALE arms, L, 270. *
COURLAND, Dukes of, arms, L, 22S.
„ KETTLE R, Duke of, arms
L, 406. Cow-onni, I., 464. COURRAN, arms, L, 195.
II i> •I
( 443 )
I* II
COURRIERES. MONTMORENCY DB,
amm, II., 61. COURTENAY, anM*, I., 202 ; PI. XXII.,
fig. 8, p. 196; II., 6«. HUGH DB, nr„u, II., G5. Motto^ II., 382. ROBERT DE, annA, II.,
18. Sir HUGH, leu}ibreqHin, II., 245. ., WILLIAM, Archbishop
of CANTERUUKY, arm*, II., 53. COURTBNEY, at-uu, IL, 15. „ ttful]/e, 1 1., 400.
Earl of DEVON, badfff, IL, 400. Court ine, I., 465. COUSTIN, IL, 405. Cov*u., L, 405. Oomert, L, 4(J5. COVBRDALB, anas, L, 91. Oorereil Cmjw, L, PL XXX VIL, fig. 7, p.
:)94. Coirant, L, 421. COW DREY, a»»M, L, 122. CO WE, antut, L, 143. CotcA a* chnrgtKy I., 246. GRAB, rtJKW, L, 287. CrtilM an charge*, L, 287. CRACOW, aruiJi, L, 376 ; IL, 120. Cranipttle, L, 421. Crninpon^ L, 405. Crafit;>on)(i^, L, 465. O'duipon*, L, 421. Cinnretin, L, 141, 888, 421, 405. Crane (u a charge^ L, 274. CRANE, MiM. L, 25. CRAN8T0UN, Lord*, arnu, L, 275;
niotto, IL, 884. CIIAON, artati, L, 110.
„ DE LA FOREST, Darona de,
ar}M^ IL, 42. „ MARIE DB, IL, 59 ; ama, 00. CRAUFORD of Cartobam, aruu, IL,
193. CRAVEN, m-Mw, L, PL XVL, flg. 5, p. 154. „ Earl CRAVEN, «n)M, L, 172. CRAWFORD, DAVID, Earl of, mo/, IL,
189 LINDSAY, Lord, creM, IL, 285. LIN DSAY, Earl of, L, 268; arum. 189. ,, REGINALD, »npporter,
IL, 273. Sir DAVID LINDSAY,
Lord of, ttal, L, 53. WILLIAM LINDSAY, Lord of, Mai, L, 53. CRAWFURD, arm*, L, 245.
SUSANNA, arwjr, IL, 10. CRAYEN, aruu, L, 270. Crayjlnh a* charge*, L, 287. CRAYN, Duchy, amu, L, 267. CRECY, Battle of, IL, 219, 220. CREMA, ami*, IL, 133. Crjimailli^re, I., 40t», 465; PI. XXXVL, ,
fig. 11. p. 380. Ci'^ntanx, L, 405. Crintle, L, 8t5, 135, 465. CrentUr, I., 421. Cr^'iuier, I., 465.
„ aia charge, L, 835.
CRl^QUY, arm*, 8g. SO, L, 861. ,, Dues de, aruM, I., 885. „ mJBUNB. Cre*efnt-deereicent, I., 323. „ 'iitcretcetit, I., 323. „ mark of aecon*! son, II., 54. CreteenU, L, PL XXX L, fig. 2, p. 822. CRESPIN, anti*, I., 219. CRE88Y, arm*, I., 855. Cfe*t, IL, 227. „ 'COi-onet, L, 421 ; IL, 227, 249. ,, Grant of a, IL, 898. CrtMted, L, 421.
CRBSTIENNOT, arm*, I., 858. Cre*t* and Svpporlei'*, IL, PL XXI L, p.
240. CRESS Y, LOUIS DE, IL, 88.
„ „ Coiute de FL AN-
DRE, IL, 197. Crit^, I., 465. CRETE, arm*, IL, 134. CREVANT, arm*, L, 92. CREVECOSUR, ar.s,*, L, 150.
PHILLIPPB DB, amu, IL, 47. CREWES, arm*, L, 220. Crinle-guerre, L, 4«i5. CRICHTON of Frendranght, ann*, L,
225. Cri' let* ojt chargt*, L, 297. CRILLON, Dukes de, nna«, L, 143. CRIMEA, a-oirn, II. , 202. Crini, L, 465. Criiud, L, 422. Cri* tie guerre, II. , 378. CRISPIN, ami*, L, 219. CROATIA, arm^, IL, 119, 134. Croe, or Crochet, I., 465. Ci'ocodilt a* a charge, L, 287, 291.
,, „ cre*t and xujtporttr, I., 291.
CROELS, ami*, L, 380. CR0E8EN, arm*, L, 397. CROESER, VICOMTES, arm*, L, 397. CROFTS, arm*, L, 70. Croite, I., 405. CROISILLES, MONTMORENCY, ana*,
IL, 6L Croi*JMnt, I. , 322, 40<i.
,, -contoui-n^, L, 828. „ -tourn^, I., 823.
,. -rerff, L, 323.
Croi**ette*, L, 400. Croix, En, I., AM.
,, Pa**e en, I., 466. CROIX, LA, Dae de CASTRIES, arm*, L, 152. „ „ Hi*toire de VOrfetrerie-Joail'
lerie, L, 295. CROLLALANZA, SneyeJoptedia Aral-
dica, 1 1., 374. CROMWELL, arhut, I., 227: IL, 88, 111. as LORD PROTECTOR, arm*, IL, PI. X., fig. 5, p. 140. bath*', IL, 401. OLIVER ami RICHARD,
great *tai, IL, 111. Sir RALPHE DE, IL, 88. CRONBERO, CounU of, arm*, IL, 113,
159. Cronel or Co^imel, L, 422. Cronel* iM eho.roe*, L, 304. CRONHJELM, IL, 412. do**, L, 151, 422 ; PL XV., Hg. 1, p. 152.
If If
( 444 )
Ci'OM,
it >>
M »» >» l>
>l »>
II t* II II
II II II II II II
II II II II II II
II
II
II
II II II II II II II
II
II II II
II »»
II II II II II II II II II
II
II II II
II II
aiffuiiie, I., 171 ; fig. 66, p. 173. anei'iet I., 167; PI. XVI., fig. S, p.
154. arellane^ I., 171. botonnee, L, 109 ; Fl. XV., fig. S, p.
152. bote, I., PI. XXXVI., fig. 5, p. 880. 'Calrary, I., 161 ; fig. 55, p. 178. cUclti€, I., 160.
crossttt, I., 171 ; PI. XVI., fig. 4, p. 154.
,, '.fftt^hif, I., 171.
„ ^Htchee, I., PI. XVI., fig. 6,
p. 154. .fltur-de-lisi, I., PI., XV., fig. 7, p. 152. „ liaie, I., 167; fig. 63, p. 173. ^fteuretU, I., 107. .ffeury, I., 1<16; fig. 64, p. 178. Jloty, L, KW; fig. 64, p. 173; PI.
XV., fig. 6, p. 152. flurtif, I., 167. fonnjff I., 162.
/ourehi€, I., 170; fig. 65, p. 173. fouixhetU, I., 170. Greet, L, 162 ; fig. 54, p. 173. ffi'UffoUe, I., 170 ; PI. XVI., fig. 6,
p. 154. guivrf, I., 170. kuminetty, I., 162. L(UiH, I., 160. long, I., 160.
M(Ut€*e, L, 164 ; fig. 61, p. 173. iiiolbu, I., 107; PI. XVI., fig. 1, p. 154.
,, m&rkof eighth 80D, 11., 54.
,, Sffuare pieree<f, I., PI. XV., fig. 4 p. 152.
„ voidecf, 'l.,' PI.'XVI., fig. 3,
p. 154. of Calatrara, I., 167. „ JeruMileni^ I., 165. ,, Lon-uine, I., 161 ; fig. 58, p. 178. of 8. CUTHBERT, I., 168. „ S. JULIAN, I., 178. „ 8. PBTER, I., 160. of the PoMioH, I., 160; fig. 53, p.
178. ,, Toulouse, I., 170; PI. XV., fig.
10, p. 152. patetfomUe, I., 162.
„ Latin, I., 161.
„ thi-oughout, I., PL XV., fig. 8,
p. 152. patonce, I., 166; fig. 62, p. 173. ,, roided, I., PI. XV., fig. P,
p. 152. patriairhal, I., 161 ; fig. 56, p. 178. paUyJItchif, I., 164 ; fig. 60, p. 173.
„ (paUt), I., 162; fig. 59, p. 178.
„ throughout, I., 162.
,, qutidrtUe, 1., 163. pomnielly, I., 169. pouiuutth or p<nwnettif, I., 169. jiotmt, 1., 165; fig. 57, p. 173.
„ -fiuadrate, I., PI. XV., fig. 2,
p. 152. raguly, I., PI. XV., fig. 2, p. 152. recercdfre, I., 169. rftranehct, I., 171.
,, and ponuMtt^t, I., PI.
XV., fig. 11, p. 152. mrcelli/, I., 169. fait, I., 170; fig., 67, p. 178.
II II
OVM, The, I., 126, 160. „ treJU, I., 109. ,, urdie, I., 171. CROSS, Badge o/ ROYAL RED, II., 859. Ribbon of HOY Ah RED, IL, $59. ROYAL RED I.. 359. „ . VICTORIA, L, 164 ; IL, 359. Croubotc (u a charge, I., 366. CfOiml erossUt, I., 171. CROSSEN, anH9, II., 830. Croues om background* to tkieldSf 1 1., 291. Ct-oulet, I., 171, 422.
„ in taltire, I., PI. XVL, fig. 10, p. 154. GR088LBY, arm*, L, 171. CROU8NILHON, antm, L, 165. CROVILLE, onM», I., 152. CiOirn, Antique, a* a charge, I., 895.
Dauphin, II., PI. XXIIL, fig. 14,
p. 254. Sa$tem, cu a charge, I., 995. Bleetoral, IL, 263. Imperial, IL, PI. XXIIL, fix. 1. p. 254.
King of France, IL, 258 ; PL XXIIL, fig. 13, p. 264. King of Half, IL, 268. Prince of Holy Jtmtuin Bmnire, XL, PL XXIIL, fig. 25. p. 254. Walc'n, IL, PL XXIIL. fig. 3, p. 254. HoifcU, CM a charge, I., 305. „ IL,PLXXIIL,figs.2aiid4,
p. 254. ,, Cromu, IL, 263. ofArehdvlt*, 1 1., 263. „ Bohetuia, IL, 259. „ CharletHogne, IL, S5S. „ Jknmarl; IL, 257. „ (iertiian Emperor*, IL, 255, 259. „ Qraml Duke of Tuncany, IL,
264. „ Louis Philipix, II. , 259. „ Napoleon, IL, 259. „ Russia, IL, 261. „ Scotland, IL, 257. „ & Ste)ihfH, II. , 269. „ S. Vlwlimir, IL, 262. ,, S. Wenreslas, TL, 259. CROWN, ORDER OF THE, IL, 167. Crotnml, L, 422. CroKHn, IL, 258.
,, as charges, I., 394. Ci-otrs as charges, I., 276. CROY, ADRIAN DE, mtHs, IL, ag „ ANTOINE DB, or»i*, IL, 59. „ anuM, I., 138.
BALDWIN DE, arms, IL, 61 Bisliop JACQUES DB, arttu II
158. ' ■•
CHARLES DB, anus, IL. 61. FERRY, Seigneur de ROUX,
amis, IL, 59. GILBERT DE, ariM, IL, 61 GUILLAUME DE, IL, 59. HORACE DE, ar$,is, IL, 61. J KAN DE, arms, IL, 59, 60, 405. PIERRE DE, uniis, IL, 61. Princes de, anait, L, 13S.
,, CHIMAY, arms, L, 365. Croxier, I., 422.
,, (u a charge, L, 887.
11
11 II II
II
II II
II
11 II
1: II II II II ti II
II II II II II II •I
II II
II II
II II II II II It It
( 445 )
CRUBEQUE, PHILLTPPE DB BRA- BANT, Seigneur de, armM, II., 201 ;
Pi. XVI., fig. 6, i>. 172. CRULL, ar»i«, I., 21K). Crusades, loflnenoe of, on arm$, I. , S8. Crunlif, I., 171. CruuUjf, or Ci'usity, I. , 422. CRU880L, Due d' USEZ, ann*, L, 103. CRUYGKENBERO, Counta de, amis, I.,
147. CUBBLIA aruiJt, I., 823. Cubit-arM, I., 422. Cueumha's tu eharge*, I., 361. CUEVA, Unkes of ALBUQUERQUE,
atnuM, J I., 29. CULLEN, iHoUo, II., 384. Culverin, L, 422.
„ a* a charge, I., 882. GUMANIA, aruu, II., 123. CUMBERLAND, badge, II, 400, 401.
ERNE8T AUGUSTUS,
Dnkeof, label, U., 21. CUMYN of Altyre, THOMAS, arms, IL,
52. CUNNINGHAM, ann*, I., 169 ; PI. XVII.,
flg. 12, p. 156; IL, 6. Cup-bearer, The, anus, I., 3S. Cup» a* charges, I., 397. CURTIUS, QUINTUS, quoted, L, 19. CnrveJ, I., 422.
„ girous, I., PI. XVIII., flg. 10, p.
158. CUSA, Cardinal NICOLAS DE, arms, I.,
287. CUSACK, iiiotto, II., 385. Ciishums, L, PI. XXXVII., flg. P, p.
804.
„ as charges, I., 393. GUST, ar),is, I., 216. CUSTANCE, arms, I., 196. CUSTINE, Marquises de, arms, I., 148. Cyclaiuor, L, 422, 466. Cymbals as charges, I., 399. Cjrpres* T)'te as a charge, I., 885. CYPRUS, ANNE of, arms, II., 82.
„ arms, II., 82, 103, 138.
„ JOHN, Regent of, arms, II.,
102. CZARNY, LE8EK, Duke of POLAND,
seal, IL, 84. CZERNABOR, anns, IL, 115. CZERNIN, Counts, aituM, IL, IGO. CZERWNIA, ariM, L, 74.
DABANCASA, ainns, IL, 95. DACHAN, see HOFREITER. DACHS, anus, L, 251. DACUSBEUG, Counto Ton, anns, L,
251. DACRB, arms, L, 287; PI. XXIX., flg. 12, p. 278; IL, 288.
„ Lnot. IL, 212.
„ Lord, boif'fe, 1 1., 400, 401.
„ of GIL8LAND, Lord, badge, IL, 212.
„ of the NORTH, Lord, badge, II. 212.
„ Sir EDMUND, arms, IL, 43.
„ THOMAS, Second Lord, tomb,
1L,92. DADVISARDS, anus, L, 856. DAGSBURG, Counts, amus, IL, 24, 57. DAGUET DE BEAUVOIR, arms, L,
132.
»»
Daim, I., 466. DAI8IE, anus, I., 854. Daisies as charges, I., 354. DAL^NONCOURT, see ABBEVILLE. DALERNE, NICOLAS AUGUSTUS,
Duke of, arms, 1 1., 58. DALHOUSIE, MAULE, Earl of, arms,
L, 138, 157. „ RAMSAY, Earl of, arms,
I. S69. DALINGRIDGR, aruis, L, 152. DALLAWAY, Rev. JAMBS, hiquiry into the Origin a}ul Progress o/HeralUiy in Bnglanil, L, 28; II. 64. DALLINGTON, arms, L, 280. DALMATIA, anus, IL, 119, 184. Datmatvine, II. , 466. DALRYMPLE, motto, IL, 887. DALSLAND ProTince, arms, L, 246. DALZELL, arms, L, PI. XXIIL, fig. 1, p. 206. „ svjtporters, IL, 291.
DALZIBL, arms, L, 209; IL, 87.
MARION, wife of Sir WIL- LI AM, seal, IL, 287. DAM, Vioonites VAN, anns, L, 378. DAM AS, Bupjyortas, IL, 282, 405. DAM IG LI A, arm*, L, 105. DAMMARTIN, CHARLES, Conite de,
supportei's, IL, 278. DAMPIERRE, DE. JEAN DE CHAtIL-
LON, Sire de, a)Tn«, IL, 48. LE COMTE de, amts, IL, PI. XIIL, flg. 3, p. 156.
„ Sire de, ertst, IL, 2.'^5.
DAMVILLE, MONTMORENCY, Dncsde,
armvt, IL, 62. DAN represented by a serpent, L,
18. DANBY, arms, L, 364. Dancette, or Ihin^ttty, I., 422. Danettty, L, flg. 29, pp. 85, 86. Danchi, L, 8«. DANCYE, amis, L, 807 ; PI. XXX., flg.
9, p. 301. DANESKIOLD, anns, L, 244.
-LAURWIGEN, Count* of, arms, IL, 20t>. „ -SAMSOfi, Counts of,
ai-ms, II. , 206, 207. DANIEL as a charge, L, 208. DANIEIX, amu, L, 1^7. DANIEIii, arms, L, 208. DANNEBROG, Ctou of the, 1 1., 326, 328,
340. „ Cross of, ORDER OF
THE, IL, 185. DANNETT, arms, L, 7'k Dnnse, or Dancette, L, 422. DANTE ALIQHIBRI, anas, L, 186; PI. XIL, fig. 8, p. 184. „ Divina Commedia, h\femo, L,
814. ,, Paradiso, L, 848. ,, Purgatorio, L, 289. DANTZIG, City, arms, L, 211. DARIUS, personal insignia, I., 20. DARN LEY, Lady KATHARINE, arms, II. , 182. „ STUART, Lord, 95; arms,
IL 141. DAROGA, artHS, I., 888.
( 446 )
DARTMOUTH, Earl of, supporUr, H.,
297. „ LRGGB, Earl of, antUf
I., 246. DA8B0URG, amu, I., 174. VAVBE^Y, .oAhevieruent, fig. 17, II, 227. „ anui, h, 135, 365 ; II., 50.
tHulge, II., 402. inantlint/, II., 247. ,, SirGlLES, mo/, II.,98.
DAUBBRNOUN, Sir JOHN, armt and
fxnnotiy II., 301. DAUBIQN'Y, arms, I., 134. Jkiuphin, I., 282, 466. DAUPHIN, HUGUESLB, annj, II., PI. XIII., fig. 6, p. 156. ,, ^The, an/w, II., 24. DAUPHIN^, «»•»«, I., 282; II., 24, 40,
77, 197, 274, 277, 282, 285. DAUN, Counte of, amw, I., 106. DAUNEY, amii, I., 306. DAUNT, firwM, I., 869. DAVID, aruu, I., 400; II., 405.
„ II., King of SCOTLAND, II., 31, 69. DAVIDSON, erat, II., 250. DAVIES, FOX, Annorial FamUiet, II.,
242 411. DAWRE, ariM, I., 294. DAWSON, aruu, I., 163. DAWTRY, arum, 1., 143. •' De," The, particale, II., 404. Jk I'un a I'autre, I., 466. „ Um of Word, I., 14. DEAN, an/ut, I., 224. IkhruiiKd, I., 422. DEBSCHUTZ DB SCHADEWALDB,
Barons, I., 337. DicapiU, I., 466. DECAUMONT, II., 406. Dtcki^f I. 422. DEC KEN, Counts Tan der, ai-nw, I.,
406. Decrescent, I., 422 DEDEL, Barons, an>t«, I., 349. DEDHAM, an/M, I., 176. IkfaiUanty I., 4G6. Jk^fauwi, I., 422. Df'thulu, I., 289, 466. DifaiH*, I., 239, 466. IkffouUant, I., 466. Dtgradtd, I., 422. JkfTire», I., 422.
DEHANTCHOUMAKER, II., 408. DEICHSLERS, aittu, I., 159. DEISIE, arms, I., 364. JHiccttd, L, 423. Jkjoint, I., 466. DBLAFIELD, ar»u, I., 860. DELAHAY, antu, I., 156. DELAMERE, Baron, avuu, I., 859.
„ I^iord, gupportertf I., 301.
DELAWARR, bnilftt, II., 400.
,, Earls, sapporto'^ I., 308.
„ WEST, Earl, anM, I.,
135. DELBENB, arrns^ I., 850. DELMA8 DB ORAMMONT, GUIL-
LAUMB DE, anM, II., 161. DELMENHORST, anm, II., 136, 327, 889,
841. JklTt, I., 197, 423. Ditnancfii, I., 467.
DEMAY, U Cbstumt fTciptiM tea SetaHZ^ I., 49, 50, 52, 59, 60, 61, 82, 64, 70, 221, 265, 817, 346, 378, 386 ; II., 276, 279, 280, 281. 901, 303. „ Secaux de la PicanlU, II., 42. ,, WorlcB of, II., 8. DeiHetnbcretl, or DinHemOcrtil, I., 428. Diniembre, I., 467. DEMETRIUS, II., 261.
PALJEOLOGUS. •eoZ, L, 261. DEMEULENABR, II., 408. Dtmi, I., 234, 423. „ •reuHvrtf I., 467. „ rol^ T., 467. DEMMIN, Weapon* of War, I., 48, 326. Denchiy I., 86, 467. Denchurt. I., 467. DENHAM, aifM, 1.. 202.
„ shield, II., 290.
DENIS, amir, I., 214.
DENMARK, ANNE of, II., 828 ; armt and tuppci-ter*, 326, S?7. antu, I., 122, 285; PI. IX., fig. 9, p. 106 ; II., 185, 136, 826, 840, 841 ; PL XIX.,
tt
t>
fig. 1, p. 192. cockadt, II., 876.
It
•f
Kings of, annt, SI., llOi MARGARBT of. antit, II..
96. Marks of Illegitimacy in. II.,
206. Oiflert of, II., 867. Princes of, tmif^, I., 221. Boyal Standarxl, II., 315. ULRIC FREDERICK of, 11., 206. DENNBWITZ, see Bt'LOW. DENNIS, ttn*«, I., 2.39. DENNISTOUN, anus, I., 140. DENOUAL, LA M0U8SAYE, Vioomtes
dfl, artHs, I., 106. D^'hU, I., 467. DtnteU, T., 86, 467. DENYS, arms, I., 288. Dtpov.iUe, I., 467.
DERBY, CHARLOTTE DE LA TRA- MOILLE, Conntenof, I., 269. „ Earls of, ai^M, I., 220, 841. „ FERRERS, Earls of, oj-wa, I.,
80,872; IL, 66. ., ROBERT DB FERRERS, Earl
of, anns, L, 78. „ Standard of Earl of, II., igl.
WILLIAM, 7th Earl of, »eal, L,
DB FERRERS, Earl of, ar>M«, II., 66. „ „ FERRERS, 6th
Earl of, teal, I., 57. DERING, Sir EDWARD, quoted, IL, 2. DERNBACH, Counts of avms, L, 216. „ ZU DERNBACH, Counts
ar%as. 1 1., 45. DERUEL, JOHN, sed, IL, 66. DERWAL, Baron, anuii, L, 187. DERX, arms, I., 244. D^samii, I., 467. DESENBERG, set SPIEGEL. DESG ABETS, aniu, I., 74. DESPALAU, ax-VM, I., 379.
( 447 )
DESPENCBR or DESPBNSER, amu, 1.,
106; II., 83, 50, 66, 82S. „ HENRY LE, Biahop of
NORWICH, a>->»M, XL, 64. „ Sir HUGH LB, amu,
II., &0. DETIMMERMAN, II., 408. Jktrittunt, I., 423. DEUIL, MONTMORENCY DE, amis, II.,
62. DEUXPOINTS - BITSCHE, HAMAN,
Comte de, granted a crest , II., S98. Vtrtlopnl^ I., 423. Jkvices, II., 2P0. Jkvil as a charffe, I., 819. Ikvist, I., 467.
DEVON, BLOUNT, Earl of, anus, I., 108. „ COURTNEY, Earl of, badge,
II., 400. „ HUGH, Earl of, IL, 18. „ RIVERS, Earla of, amu, I., 226* DEVONSHIRE, CAVENDISH, Dukes of,
armj, I., 246. CHARLES, Earl of, II., 184. Jkxter, I., 423, 467.
„ bane pointy I., 65. ,, chi^pointf I., 65. „ Jlank point, I., 65. Dextre, le done, I., 65. DextroeMre, I., 44)7. I>iademi, I., 467. Diamond, I., 72, 423. IHapered, I., 428. Diaptring, I., 123. D/rtpi-e, I., 467.
DIAZ, amis, I., 143, 227, 328. DIBBITS, anns, L, 854. Dice as charges, I. , 408. DICK-CUNYNGHAM, crest, II., 242. DICKSON, OSCAR, aruu, I., 827. DIDIER DE MORTAL, arms, I., 216. DIDRON, Annales Arehiologuixies, I.,
309. DICK, ai-ms, I., 244. DIENHEIM, VON, anns, L, 130 ; PL XL,
fig. 5, p. 128. DIEPHOLZ, ar^n*, IL, 331, 882. DIETRICH, anns, I., 165. DIETZ, Coojito of, aruu, L, 230 ; II. , 108,
206. D'\ffami, I., 467. Diffanud, L, 282. Difference, IL, 1.
„ by a Bordare, IL, 25. ,, „ atlditioH of an Escuekeon en
surtoutf IL, 35. ti if M u Onlinary,
IL, 86. ,, „ „ qf Canton, II. , 32. ,, ,, „ Marks qf Ca-
d'.ncy, IL, 54. ,, „ the addition of stHcUl charges
to the I'ield, IL,43. ,, „ adtlUion of small escucheon
inchi^f, IL, 34. ,, „ augmentation, IL, 58.
,, „ ehanga of the minor ehargts, IL, 51. „ change qf Tincture, IL, 0.
If
Difference by changing the boundary line of an Ordinary, IL, 41.
„ „ diminishing the number of IL, 51.
„ „ Quartering, IL, 56. Difftrenced, IL, 428. Differencing, II. , 1.
„ by a Label, IL, 18.
,, Modes of, IL, 8.
DIGBY, badge, IL, 401.
„ Earl of BRISTOL, an^is, L,
349. DIGHTON, amis, L, 249; PL XXVIL,
fig. 5, p. 250. DIJON, amis, L, 296. DILFT DE BORGHVLOET, Connto Tan
der, arms, L, 156. Dimidiated, L, 423. Dimidiation, II. , 74. Diminui, I., 467. DINI8, AFFONSO, IL, 208. DIODORUS SICULUS, quoted, IL, 236. DIONIS, King of PORTUGAL, IL, 204. Disclosed, L, 423. Dismembereti, I., 281, 423. Displayed, L, 254, 428. DISRAELI, BENJAMIN, L, 357. Distilling, L, 423. Distinction, L, 423. DISTINGUISHED SERVICE ORDER,
IL, 358. DITMARSCHEN, amis, IL, 186, 827, 839,
340. Divise, I., 180, 136, 407; PI. XL, fig. 6, p. 1)28. ,, e»i ehem'on, L, 467. DJURKLOW, Barons of, arms, IL, 185. D0BRZEN8KY, Barons, amis, L, 275. Does as charges, I., 244. Dog, Sea-, as a charge, L, 315. Dog-fish as charges, L, 281. DOGGE, arms, L, 281. Dogs OA charges, I., 2a3. DOIGNON, see GUIOT. Dolce, L, 4C7. DOLBNGA, L, PI. XXL, fig. 12, p. 188.
„ Countu, anas, L, 378. DOLFINI, amu, L, 283 ; PI. XXIX., fig.
8, p. 278. DOLES, anus, L, 285. DOLL, amis, L, 285. Doloii-e, L, 467. DOLOMIBU, Marquis de, arms, L,
302. Dolphin, L, PI. XXIX., fig. 7, p. 278.
,, as a charge, L, 281. Dolphins, I., PL XXIX., fig. 8, p. 278. DOMAIGNB, atmM, L, 106. Domesday Book, IL, 4. Domestic Charges, L, 405. D0MEYER8, anas, L, 407. DOMHARD, anas, IL, 164. DONATI, ai-ms, I., 90. Donjon'ni, I., 407. DONNERSPERG, arms, L, S28. DONODEI, anas, L, 854. DONOP, Barons von, amis, L, 881.
„ VAN, amu, L, PL XXXV., fig.
6, p. 376. DONZd, amis, L, 81. DONZBL, anns, L, 8L DOORB, anns, I., 294. DOPF, Kreath, IL, 248. DORB, anns, I., 294.
( 443 )
i>
It
DORIA, anut, I., 2tf7 ; PI. XXVIIL, flg.
l,p. 2M; II., 408. Doittuint, I., 231, 423. DORNBERG, B&rooa tod, amu, I., 97.
„ DEIIBRTZBER0,Baroo8,
ottM, I.» 89. DORNUfilM, arniM, I., 285. DORO, an#4*, II., 390. DORRIBN, Motto, II., SS7. DoU repreienting Or, I., 71. D0TTENSTBIN,ar»J4, II., 899. DOTTIX, anj«, T., 70. Iknible Quatr^foU, I., 423. „ QuaU, I., 423. ,, Tr€$*ure, I., 423. Ikntbletl, I., 423. DOUBLET, amui, I., 148. DoubltU, I., 467.
DOUET DB L'ARC, Work* of, II., 8. DOUGLAS, ARCHIBALD, Count of,
LONGUE- VILLB, IL, 140. „ Dnke of
T O U- RAINE, IL, 140. , , Earl of, tup-
porter, II., 278. „ Srd Earl of,
amu, II. , 140. „ 4tli Earl of,
amu, II., 140. ,, 5th Earl of,
annt, II., 140. „ Lord of
GALLOWAY, arm*, IL, 140. „ amu, L, 214 ; PI. XXIII , flg.
12, p. 20tf ; IL, tt, 11, 141. „ l8t Earl of, L, 214. „ Earl of ANGUS, erett, I., 308 ; IL, 68; artiu, 190; badge, 225. „ Earl of MORTON, amu, L, 189; seal, 11. , 2S9 ; »up- porter, 276. ,, Earls of, amu, L, 189; IL,
190. „ JAMES, Earl of, a-est, I., 308. „ ,, 7th Earl of, iambrt-
quin, IL, 246. „ NICOLAS, 9upport€r, IL, 277. ,, of Cavers, amtg, II. , 1.10. ,, ,, Driimlanrig, amu, IL,
190. „ „ „ bordure,
IL, 30. „ „ LOCHLBVEN, amu, IL,
41. ,, Salamander of, IL, 290. „ Sir JAMES, L, 214. „ Sir WILLIAM, amu, IL,
190. „ WI LLIAM, Earl of, mpporter, IL, 278. DOULL^, amu, I., 293. DOUMA, nrnu, IL, 84. DOUNDERDALB, MARGARET, tup- porter, IL, 275.
•I
D0UR8, PIBRRE DB LA TRteO-
UILLE, Seignearde, arms, IL, 47. Dove-cote* a* ekarpe*, L, 379. Dove* tu ckarffta, I., 279. Dotetail, L, 424. Dovetail^, I., fig. 32, pp. 85, 87. DOWER, onMir, I., 75. DOWNE, POPE, Earl of, amu, L. SOS. DOWNBS, arm*, L, 245 ; PL XX VL, fig. 10, p. 240. „ of EVBNWOOD, artiM, XL, 55. DOWNSHIRE, Marqau ot, supporter*, L.
245. DRAGHENFELS, Barona tod, arms, L,
306. Draeonu, L, 304. DRAECK, DB, Baronn, arms, I., 306;
PI. XXX., fig. 5, p. 804. DRAGE, <%mu, L. 306. DRAGHO, aitiu, L, .306. DRAGO, DB, amu, I., 806. DRAGOMANNI, arms, L, S07. jyroifon, L, 424, 467; PL XXX., flf. 5, p. 304. ,, (u a charge, L, 303. „ - AfmvttreHJT, L, 467. DRAGON D£ RAMILLIES, DE, onju,
L, 806. Drngonne, L, 467.
Dnigon'* Head and Tail, L, 72, 424. DRAKE, amu, L, 306; PI. XXX., fig. 8,
D. 804 * IL 251. DRANDORFP, VON, arm*, IL, 85. DRAYTON, MICHAEL, ar%M, L. 318. DRENCKWAERT, tuotto, IL, 388. Dres*, Article* qf, a* charge*, I., 392. DRBUX, Coanta de, arm*, L, 180; II , 86, 279. JEAN DE, Dnke of BRIT- TANY, IL, 33. „ PIERRE DJLtea-etHut, I., GO. „ or MAUCLEHB, ton of Goant ROBBRT of, seal, IL, 32. „ ROBERT IL, Comte de, seal, L, 00. DRBY8E, JOHAN NICOLAS, ami*, L,
382. DRIE8CHE, VAN, anns, L, 147. DROGOMIR, amu, I., 220. Jh'onudary a* a charge, L, 244. DROU ALLEN, amu, L, 294. DRUAY8, amu, L, 76. DRUBL, JOHN, *e<U, IL, 66. DRUMMOND, miMii, I., 90, 138; PL XIL, fig. 10, p. 134 ; IL, 6, 69. „ Earl of PERTH, compait-
nunt, IL, 289. JAMBS, SctilpturtJ Manu- tucHt* of lona and the )re«( Highland*, I., 383. of KILDIES, amu, L, 211. „ 8T0BHALL, Sir MAL- COLM. IL. 69. Queen ANNABBLLA, IL, 69. „ MARGARET, seal, IL, 69. Drum* a* charge*, L, 399. DRYLAND, amu, L, 135. DUBLIN, Archbishop of , IL, 349. „ City, arms, I., 878.
»i
I
( 449 )
M II
DUBLIN, ROBERT DE VERE, Mar- qaeas of, aniUf I., 399. ,, See of, arnUf I., 891. DUBOIS, aniM, I., 834. J>ue. L. 467. DUO, VlOLLET LB, JHetionnairt rai-
mnni du MobUioTf I., 404. IhucU Coronet, II., 265, 424. DUCANGB, D'uMtriatio <U In/erimHs JSvi NumittncUibiu, I., 259. OloBMi'ium, II., 806. quoted, L, 256, 261; II., 302.
„ Tttf erred to, II., 156.
DUCA8. ariM, I., 152. Duciptr, I., 424. Jhteki a* ehargti, I., 279. DUCKWORTH, crett, I., 815. DUCLAU, BaroDB, artM, I., 291. DUDLEY, bad(ff, 11., 212.
„ SUTTON, Barons, amw, I., 231. DUFP/Dake of FIFE, ami», I., 225. DUG DALE, Sir WILLIAM, Ancient Um(/€ of Bearing Anwf, II., 55, 141, 185, 180. DUQUID, ariiM, I., 168. DUMONT DB B08TAQUET, arm*, I.,
250. DUNBAR, arms, I., PI. XX., fig. 3, p. 180; erc<C, IL, 242. DAVID of COCKBURN, bordurtf II., 31. „ Barb of, cannt, I., 181; bor-
dure, II., 31 ; a-ett, 235. of WESTFIBLD, ALBX-
ANDER, arm*, IL, 38. Sir PATRICK, anM, II., 15. „ THOMAS, Earl of MORAY, IL, 52. DUNBAR, Earl of MORAY, arm*, I.,
394. DUNCAN, arm*, IL, 158. DUNCOMBE, CHARLES, Baron FE-
VERSHAM, *upporter», 1 1., 296. DUN DAS of ARNISTON, ROBERT, tup- porter*, 1 1., 296. ,, Red lion of, IL, 296. DUNDEE, City, aiin*, I., 352. „ *Kpporter*, I., 306. DUNKELD, See of, arm*, I., 16a DUNNING, orw*, L, 171. DUNOIS, JEAN, Oomte de, amu, II., 149, 150, 196; PL XVIL, fig. 5, p.
DURAN, arm*, L, 168.
DURANT, ann*, I., 171.
DURAZZO, JOHN, Doke of, ann*, II.,
90. DURFORT, nippoHert, 1 1., 282. Durham, Viiitation of, I., 365 : 1 1., 54,
250. DURHAM, BUTLER, Biahop of, arm*, L, 897. CUTHBERT TUN8TALL,
Bishop of, a-^ntn*, 1 1., 183. HUGH PUDSEY, Bishop of. arm*, I., 163. „ JAMES, arm*, IL, 42.
„ LAMBTON, Earl of, arm*,
L, 248. „ of Grange, II. , 42. ,, UniTersitj, armj*, L, 163. DUBOY, omu, I., 76. DURRANT, amu, L, 171.
VOL. II.
II
II
DUS8EAUX, arm*, L, 185.
Dux, L, 5, 9.
DYCK, arm*, I., 193.
DYKES, matto, IL, 884.
DYMOCK, arm*, L, 362.
DYRRHN, Counto ron, arm*, IL, 164.
DYSON, arm*, I., 822.
DZIULI, arm*, L, 290.
Bo/gle a* a charffif, I., 254. „ diaiplayed, I., PI. XXVIIL, fig. I., p.
256. „ Double-headed, a* a charge, I., 869. EAGLE, ORDER OF THE BLACK, IL,
167, 813, 866. ,, „ „ RED, IL,
1H7. Boifle^t Head, L, PI. XXVIIL, fig. 4, p. 256. „ ,, a* a charge, I., ^\.
„ leg* cu charge*, I., 272. „ Part* of, a* charge*, L, 271. ,, King* a* charge*, L, 271. BAM, Sir HENRY, ai-m*, L, 284. Earl, CoroTUt of an, IL, 265. Earth-vrorm a* a charge, L, 298. Bantern Crown, I., 424. Eatable* a* charge*, L, 406. EBBRSPERG, Barons Ton, arm*, I.,
240. EBERSTEIN, Connto of, arm*, L, 227 ; IL, 92, 331, 882. SIBYLLA VON, IL, 92. Millie, I., 468. AcarteU, I., 92, 468.
„ en iquerrt, L, 93, 468. „ „ *avtoir, L, 468. Beartelure*, I., 468. ECGLBSHALLS, arm*, IL, 9. Acimi, L, 148, 468. ^hancri, I., 85, 468. ichelle* d'etcalade, L, 468. A:hi4iuetf, L, 108, 469. BCKFOORU, arm*, L, 314. ECKHAR OSTEIN, arm*, IL, 165. ^lat^, I., 468. Bclip*ed, I., 424. ^orchi, I., 468. ^t, L, 468. ^ti, L, 86, 468.
„ CmUre, I., 466. ^an, 1 1., 468. £cr€vi*e, L, 468. ^, De I', I., 469. „ en Banniere, I. 62, 469. ,, ,, Lozange, I., 64. ,, Lapointe de V, I., 65. „ Le nombril de I', L, 65. tcu*»on, I., 179.
„ en Abiuie, L, 469. „ faux, IL, 469. ,, *ur le tout, I., 469. ^Scuver-Banneret, 11. , 802. EDEIRNION, Barons of, tupporter*, IL,
295. EDGAR, an)iff, IL, 190.
„ ATHELINO, snppoaed arm* of, I., 166. Sdhel, I., 4.
EDINBURGH, ALFRED, Doke of, labti,
fig. 3, 11. , 20, 22. „ City, arm*, I., 877.
2 G
( 450 )
It
>i
II
II II
II
II
EDMONDSOX, Complete Bod^t^Hemldrp,
I., 28. EDM0N8T0N, anm, I., 324 ; PI. XXXI.,
flg. 2, p. 322. EDM0ND8T0NB, amu.l., 189. BDNOWAIN AP BLBDDYN, I., 851. EDWARD I., II., and III., Kings of ENGLAND, I., 222. I., King of ENGLAND, L, 53, 79, 188, 180, 276, 840, 341, 393, 403; seal, 848; II., 10, 20, 20, 71, 72, 76,
79, 100, 275, 807, 819; bculgej 214.
h, King of ENGLAND, MAR- GARET, Queen of, seal, II., OS.
1., King of ENGLAND, Monument o/ ELEANOR, Queen of, II., 99.
I., Roll qf, II., 87, 49, 176, 176.
IL, King of ENGLAND, I., 139, 269; mo/, 847, 848; n.,9, 10. 18,26, 36, 60, 71,
80, 101, 819. IL, Holl qf. King, I., 271;
II., 43, 44, 45, 46, 49, 50, 99, 176. IIL, King of ENGLAND, L, 234, 269, 301, 342, 874; teal, 341, 347 ; IL, 10, 17, 18, 20, 2e, 77, 176, 215, 220, 269, 275, 804, 819, 343; badpe, 216; crest, 2'29 ; motto, 335 ; $upport- ers, 824 ; crest, PI. XXL, fig. 2, p. 230. IIL, Roll of, L, 80 ; IL, 48. IV., King of ENGLAND, L, 176, 325; IL, 109, 150, 180, 210, 214, 321, 328; badge, 217; motto, 385; standai'd, 215 ; supporters, 325. v.. King of ENGLAND, sup.
porters, II., 825. VI., King of ENGLAND, I., 399 ; badge, II. , 222, 223 ; supporters, 325. ariAs, L, 380.
THE BLACK PRINCE, arms, 1 1., 178, 220, 808; badge, 218. „ THE CONFESSOR. King of ENGLAND, arms, I., 46, 885; IL, 17, 98, 94, 148, 808, 820, 821, 834; crown, 255. EDWARDS, crest, IL, 242. BE, VAN DER, arms, I., 410. £el oi a charge, L, 286. Eel spears as charges, L, 408. EESB, VAN DER, anns, I., 249. ^ari, I., 469. ^arouchi, I., 469. EFFEREN VON STOLBERG, arms, I.,
200. ^euUli, L, 469. EGBERT, cross of, IL, 384. EGERTON, Baron ELLESMERE, arau, 1 1., 184. „ Viscount BRACKLEY, etc,
arms, IL, 184. „ Earls and Dnkes of BRIDGE- WATER, arms, IL, 184.
II II
II II
EGERTON, Sir RALPH, IL, 184.
„ ,, THOMAS, arms, IL, 184.
EGGENBBRG, L, PL XXL, fig. 5, pw
188. EGGBR, Counts Ton, arms^ I., 194. Eggs as charges, I., 407. EGILSBBRG, arm*, II. , 399. EGLB8FBLD, ROBERT DE, m-ma, L,
269. EGLINGTON, MONTGOMBRIE, Earl of, aniM, 1., 191 ; PL XXII., fig. 9, p. 196. „ Earls of , «ttpportcr9, I., 807.
„ HUGH, Earl of, arau. I.,
191. EGLOF, DE SCHONAU, arms, I., S9S. EGMOND, or EGMONT. Counts of, aruu, L, 108; PI. VIIL, fig. 5. p. 100. 108. „ LAMORAL, Count, amw, I.. 108. EGMONT, oiTiM, L, 135. EGRBMONT, THOMAS MOULTON,
Baron of, arms, II. , 10. EICHSTADT, Princes of, arm*, IL, 91. EI DEN, Sir JACOB VAN, arms, L,
191. Eight/oil, L, 424. Eisen-farbe, L, 68. EISBNBERG, arms, IL, 884. BISENBURG, arms, II. , 838. EL M ALEK EL MANSOUR ALI, Eenouk, I. 39. „ „ BS'SELEH HAGI, Eenouk,
L, 89. „ MELEK, EL ACHKAF CHAABAN, Renouk; L, 89. Elanei, L, 469. ELBCEUP, D', arms, L, 246. Electoral Crown, II. , 424. Elephant as a charge, I., 243. ELEPHANT, ORDER OF THE, IL.
367. Elephant's head cu a charge, I., 244. „ tusl's as charges, L, 244.
Elevated, L, 424. ELIBANK, Lord, IL, 193. ELIOT, anns, I., 286.
„ Earl of ST. GERMAN'S, amtt, I., 139. ELIZABETH of YORK, Queen, arms, II., flg. 4, p. 74. „ Prinoeas, label, fig. 6, IL,
20,22. „ Queen of ENGLAND, <f«.
vice, L, 813; seal, 400; IL, 864; arms, 824 ; PI. XXV., flg. 4, p. 820 ; badge, 223 ; motto, 885 ; seal, 90 ; sup- jwrters, 825. ELLBRSFIELD, Sir GILBERT DB,
supporter, II. , 276. ELLESMERE, THOMAS, Bait>n, arnu,
IL, 184. ELLBY, arms, I.. 288. ELLIOT, arms, L, 286, 402.
„ of Stobs, arms, IL, 42. ELLIOTS in South Scotland, IL, 5. ELLIOTT, Bail of MINTO, arms, I., 212. ELLIS, Antiquities qf Heraldry, \., 25, SO, 31, 36, 44, 46, 49, 88, 96, 135, 816, 317; II., 286, 412; motto, 886. ELPHINSTONB, ai-ms, L, 240, 243 : PL XXVI., fig. 2, p. 24a
( 451 )
ELPHINSTONB, JAMBS, Lord COU-
PER, tupporterMf I., 313. ELSASS, arnu, II., 167. BL8T, VAN DER, oi-rtw, I., 212. ELSTERSHOFEN. arnu. L, 93, 96. ELTHAM, JOHN of, Earl of CORN- WALL, arms, II., 26. ELVAS, City, ch-»m, I., 73. ELY, GEOFFREY RIDEL, Bishop of, arnuif I., 177. „ JOHN DB F0NTIBU8, Bishop of,
arms, I., 326. „ See of, artiii, I., 395. „ WILLIAM DB LONGCHAMP, Bishop of, arm*, I., 100. Bnw.il, I., 469. Aitiancht 1., Ill, 158, 408, 469 ; PI. XVIL,
II
fig. 8, p. 156. tnpal, I., 111.
J&maiichure, I., 469.
BmbatUed, I., 185, 424 ; fig. 24, p. 85.
Smbouche, I., 469.
SmboiiU, I., 469.
E^nboretd, I., 288, 283, 424.
Bmbratai, I., 99, 469; PI. VI., fig. 12, p.
94. Bmbvfuurt, I., 424. S}nbrutd, I., 424. EMBRUN, See of, atnM, I., 891. EMBS, HOHEN, Coanty, arms, II.,
121. BMELIE, armg, 1., 211. Stntrald, I., 72, 424. EMERSON, crat, II., 242. EMLAY, an>M, I., 211. EMLINB, anm, I., 211. BMLYN, orrM, I., PI. XXIII., fig. 2, p.
206. Enimanehi, I., 470. EMMANUEL, King of PORTUGAL, IL,
95. BnimuuU, I., 470. EMO, arrM, I., 104. EniouMi, I., 470. Eiaptnni, I., 470. EmpUtant, I., 274, 470. EMPIRE, Amu of the, L, 186 ; II., 84, 85, 131, 184, 158, 820, 828. ARCH-CHAMBERLAIN of the, antu, 1 1., 889.
„ at(/;r»i«H{atu>n4 in tht, II., 157.
,, croicn of Electors of H0I7
Roman, II., 268.
„ HOLY ROMAN, crowiw, II.,
259. Einpoignant, T., 470. Empoiffnie, I., 470. Enalurofiy I., 424. Enehaini, I., 470. EnefiatiMsi, I., 470. Enehaussure, I., 470. Enelari, I., 470. Enelcs, I., 470. Enclume, I., 470. EneocM, I., 470. END, arui», I., 236. BndenU, I., 86, 470. Endoru, L, 133, 424. EndoTKd, I., 425. EnJUld, L, 425. BviJlU, I., 470. Enflled, L, 425. ENGERN, Dachy, armi, L, 839; IL,
884.
II
ENGHIBN, oniw, I., 93 ; II., 78.
GAUTIBRI I., Seigneur d', II., 78. „ LB SIRE D', amiM, II., PI.
XIIL,fig. 2, p. 156. „ MARIETTE D', II., 196.
ENGLAND, artM, I., 19, 118, 181, 221, 848, 885 ; II., 17, 26, 27, 68, 71, 72, 80, 88, 93, 94, 95, 100, 101, 103, 109, 111, 145, 150, 151, 152, 158, 178, 180, 182, 220, 221, 319, 820. 322, 328, 324, 826, 327, 828, 829, 348. Augmentations in, II., 148. badge, II., 224. Banner of, I., 151. Bot-dure of, I., 182 ; II., 33. Cadency in, 1 1., 2. Champion of, arms, II., 29S. Coronets in, 1 1., 269. Crest-coronet in, II., 250. CresU in, II., 229, 235. 241. dimidiating FRANCE, arms, II., PI. IV., fig. 8, p. 74. Earl Marshal of, arms, II.,
292. Great seed of, II. , 255. Introduction of anns into.
I., 50. King of, badge, II., 220. label of, IL, 25. lions of, L, 223. 230; IL, IS.
158, 177, 182, .<t24. 825. Lord Chamberlain of the Household of, anjif II.. 292. liOrd Chancellor of, ai-m^, II..
292. Lord High Chamberlain of. arms, II., 292. „ mantlint/ in, II. , 251.
„ MARGARET of. II. , 189, 824. Marka of Illegitimacy in, 1 1.,
187. marshalling in, II., 109. names in, 1 1., 5. Rose of, II., 21, 22, 28, 158.
156. 182. Royal arms and supporters of. IL, 317. ,, supporters in, II. , 294.
., use of boi^ure in, it., 26. Englanii, I., 470.
Bngloutissant, or EngoulatU, I., 470. SngovUi, I., 425, 470. EngouUe, I., 141. Engrailed, I., 84 ; fig. 28, pp. 85.
425. EngriU, I., 85, 470. Bngrel'Q.re, I., 470. Enguiehi, I., 400, 470. EnJianeed, I., 425. Enquerre, a, or A enqtUrir, I., 471. ENRIQUEZ, II., 403. Bnsanglanti, I., 471. Ensign, Slue, II., 809. ., Red, IL, 809. ,, WkiU, 1 1., 808. Ensigned, I.. 425.
Ensigns, Conort, figs. 8 and 9, I., 83. EnU, I., 86. 425, 471.
11
11 •I II II II II II II
II
II II
II II II
II
II
II
II
II
II
II
( 452 )
Ente m point, fig 41, I., 87 ; 11., 105.
„ en pointc, 1., 168, 425. Bntoyri, I., 425. EXTRAGUB8, BALZAC, Marquis d',
ariiUy r., 156. Riitixivaille, I., 471. Siitrelacis, I., 471. Sntretenu*, I., 471. Snumey, I., 425. Bnrirontdf I., 425. BOLE, L, 471. Bpatioui, L, 471. SployL I., 471.
BPPSTEIX, Coanta of, arnut, I., 108. EPTINGEN, amu, I., 272. B'jKti're, L, 471.
,, BearitU en, L, 471. BqvApiy L, 471.
EquipoiU, L, 471 ; PL VIIL, fig. 8, p. 100. Etm'tjyped, L, 425. Bnulicatecl, I., 425. ERAQUY, ALE8S0, Maiquia d', wnm, L,
298. J?ra*«</, I., 425.
ERATH, BaroDB, arau, L, 235. Erb'Vtrfn^dent.Hff, II., lOfi. ERBAGH, Counto of, armM, I., 137, 325. ERCILDOUN, WILLIAM LINDSAY,
Lord of, teal, I., 53. ERDBNFBLS, amUy h, PI., IX., fig. 4.
p. 100. ,, Barons von, aimm, I., 104.
ERE, MOtto, II., 388. End, I., 288, 425.
., -icary, I., 288. ERGADIA, DE, IL, 57. ERIC XIV., King of SWEDEN, L, 15,
323, 382 ; II., 316 ; eroicn, 867. ERIKSENS, arm*, L, 146. Ermine, I., 69; PL IV., fig. 1, p. 70. ,, Ei^uiinea, Enninoix, L, 425. „ field alone, I., 25. Ei-niin(», I., 69; PL IV., fig. 2, p, 70.
,, field alone, I., 75.. Enuinitei, I., 77. Eruiinoh, I., 69; PL IV., fig. 8, p. 70.
„ field alone, L, 76. ERNEVAL, Barons d', arwjt, IL, 42. ERPACH, Counts of, antu, I., 137, 325. ERPINGHAM, an.M, L, 184.
„ Sir THOMAS, Zam^iYQKin,
IL, 245. ERPS, FERDINAND, Comte d', arm»,
IL, 292. ERQUERRER, ai-^iu, L, 101. ERQUERRY, anuA, IL, 63. ERSHE, SYMOND DE, ital, IL, 66. ERSKINE, amu, L, PL XL, fig. 7, p. 128 : coat, IL, 139. Earl of KELLIE, ann*, IL, 155. „ „ MAR, amii, L, 131. of Cambo, amm, IL, 193. „ Dun, ami*, L, 3G8. „ „ Gogar, Sir THOMAS,
amu, IL, 155. „ KinnouU, Sir NICHO- LAS, an)M, 1 1., 41. Sir CHARLES, L, 377. Sir ROBERT, IL, 41. ERTHAL, Barons ron, anuM, L, 187. BKaUop-StitU, I., 425 ; PL XXIX., fig. 1% p. 278. a»ekargt9, L, 28f.
>i II II
II
II II
II
J^carbovxle, I., 471.
Et-aHtu-MU, L, 425 ; PL XXXYI., fig. p. 880. „ origin of, I., 59.
Bacarrt, L, 471. E8GHAVANNE8 JOUFFROY D*, TmiU
CompUt du Blaton, I., 404. ESCHELBACH, arm*, I., 105. ESCLAVONIA, arm*, IL, 119, S36. E8GLIGNAC, D', arm*, I., 225. ESCOBAR, and*, I., 406. ESCORNA, arm*, L, 184. ESCORNAIX, arm*, L, 101. B»croU, I., 426. Bteucheon, L, 179, 426.
„ ai gurtout, Diffcrtnee by
addition of an, II., 85. „ in ehi^, I^ertnct by addition
of small, II. , 34. ,, pf Prtttnct, II., AS&. „ Point* of thtf figs. 21 and S2,
L, 65. „ svrtout, II. , 107. E*cutchton, L, PL XXII. , fig. IS, p. 196. BSEL, arm*, I., 249. ESENDORF, YON, arm*, L, 93. E8KBN8, aniu, IL, 167. ESME, a;riM, L, PL XXV., fig. 5, p. 284.
„ Sir HENRY, arm*, L, 284. ESNE, MICUBLB, D', arm*, IL, 60. ESPAGNET, Marquis d', ai-%n», I., 35'i. E*q\urt, I., 426.
Esquire, Definition of term, L, 18. „ Creation of an, I., 12. „ The, anM, I., 38. ESQUIROU DE PABIEU, ary,i*, L, ISO. Esquires of the Order of the Bath, L, 14. BSSARTS. JACQUES TBZART, Seig- neur des, IL, 405. ESSBNAU, we SOUMEHET. ESSEX, GEOFFREY DE MAGNA- VILLB, Earl of, I., 47. HENRY BOURCHIER, Earl
of, arrix*, IL, 18. MANDEVILLE, Earl of.
bad fit, IL, 216. MANDEVILLES, Earla of, an>u, I., 92. E**onier, L, 471. Etaorant, L, 271, 471. Btiore, I., 471. B*tae<ide, I., 417.
ESTE, ALPHONSO D', Duke of MO- DEN A, IL, 828. „ arvi*, L. 267 ; IL, 117, 181. „ NICOLO D', Duke of FERRARA, ai-iiiM, IL, 161. ESTEMPE8, Comte d', label, IL, 26. ESTERHAZY-GALANTHA, Prince. ariNji. L, 802. „ Princes Ton, arm*, IL, lea
ESTISSAC, ann*, L, 100. E»toe, L, 471.
ESTOGES, Dncsd'ABRY, anm, I., 122. „ Princes d'AMBLISE, anu», L, 122. E*toiU, I., 426 ; PL XXXL, fig. 8, p. 882.
,, a* a ehargt, L, 326. E8T0N, anm, I., 314. ESTOUBLON, QRILLO, MarquiMs d* ann*, L, 297. *
BSTOUTEVILLE, ann*, L, 104. ESTR^BS, GABRIELLE D', IL, 114. B8TUER, tee ROGUE.
i«
II
( 453 )
»»
Etal (B»tave\U 471
ErAMPES, Gomtes d', mnu, II., 40, 76.
,, Dues d', artM, I., 3tM).
ETCHINOHAM, aruu, I., 100, 192. Eteti, I., 471. Ethel, I., 4. Bthnoffraphie IntematioiuUu Anhiv, fur,
I., 25. Etineelant, L, 471. StoUe, I., 472. ETON, COLLEGE of ST. MARY Rt, aniw,
L, 11, 352. Etrnacan Vaaa^ figs. 1, 2, 8, 4, I., 16, 80. ETTBNREICH, M. VON, arnu, II.,
160. EUBINO, arnu, L, 09, 193. Ewalyptu* ew a charge, I., 357. EUOBNIE, Eraprese of FRANCE, I.,
406. BUGBNIU8 III., Pope L, 41. EURIPIDES, quotecf, L, 19, EUSTACE, erett, II., 187. EVA, arms, I., 206. EVANGELHOS, a»-»M, I., 207. EVANS, arnu, L, 351, 857.
,, Tkrouffh Bonua and the Htru- govina, L, 262. Evan^e, BcitU, L, 472. EVERSLEY, Lord, ttippoitert, II., 297. Bvirt I. 282 472.
EVREUX, AMAURI D', Earl of GLOU- CESTER, arnu, I., 89. ,, ann*^ II., 70, 79, 128, 281, 820. Cotntes of, arnu, II., 41. PHILIP, Comt« d', II., 78. Exctrpia Historica, L, 11, 199, 815; II.,
179, 180, 181, 212, 214. EXEA, arnu and taottn, II., 381. EXETER, EDMOND STAFFORD, Biahop of, arnu, IL, 5H. „ badge, IL, 401, 402.
JOHN DE GRANDISON, Bishop of, amu, 1 1., 53. „ Duke or, anuM, II., 27. „ HOLLAND, Duke of, oi'iiu, II. , 93. „ 8e« of, arnu, I., 387. „ THOMAS, Dnke of, artnt, II., 178. EXMOUTH, Lord, aniM, IL, 154; erest, 242. ., PELLEW, Visoonnt, nioUo,
IL, 883. ExparuUd, I., 426. Expectation, amu of, IL, 97. Extei-ntd OmanienU, 1 1., 227, 253, 271. Extinction of Smaller Gentry, IL, 400. EYCK, VAN, amu, L, 134, 154, 858; PI.
XL, fig. 12, p. 128. E,ve, L, PI. XXIIL, fig. 11, p. 206. EYE, HUMAN, as a charge, L, 214. E^es, I., 426. EYFBL8BER6, ai-nu, I., PL VIL, fig. 3,
08. BYSENBACH, Histoire de Blason, et
Science des Armoiries, L, 35, 48. „ quoted, IL, 412.
EYSER8TETBN, arnu, I., 177. EYTZBNRIET, arins, L, 176. BZB, VAN DER, arnu, L, 76. BZBKIEL, Book of, L, 264. FABERT, amu, L, 152.
M
FACCHINBTTI, arm*, I., 385.
FAD A, arms, I., 309.
FAGNANI, Marquises of, arau, I., 268.
Pdhnen Lehen, L, 74.
Failli, L, 472.
FAIRFAX, anus, L, 116; PL X., fig. 7,
p. 116; IL, 154; tuotto, 880. Falcon as a charge, I., 278.
„ rising, L, PL XXVIIL, fig. 7, p. 256. FALCONBRIDGE, amu, L, 225. FALCONER, Lord, ai-^tu, II. , 39.
„ RICHARD, seal, I., 58.
,, Sir JOHN, a>Mw, IL, 89.
FALCOZ DE LA BLACHE, Comtes d'
ANJOU, artHS, L, 273. FALBBOWSKI, amu, L, 887. FalkirL Roll, I., 185.
FALMOUTH, BOSCAWEN, Earl of,
amns, I., 342. „ Viscount, supporters f I.,
Ftlot, I.', 472.
False, IL, 426.
Fan, I., 426.
Fanal, I., 472.
FANCHON, amis, L, 142.
FARLAY, see VILLERS.
FARNESE, annM, IL, 124, 182.
FARQUHARSON, anus, I., 225.
Fasd, L, 101, 134, 472.
Fasce-contre-fasc^, L, 472.
Fasce, En, I., 472.
Fatiniite Khalifs, starulard of, L, 37.
FAUCHE, PIBRRB DE LA, seal, I.,
64. FAUCIGNY, AGNES DE, seal, IL, 67. ,, arnu, II. , 67.
„ Princes de LUCINGB, amu,
L, 100, 133. FAUGONBERG, amu, I., 225.
BELASYSB, Earls of, artns, I., 188. „ WALTER DE, amu,
L, 190. „ WILLIAM, Baron,
amu, IL, 19. FAUCONVAL, see BERNARD. FAUDOAS-BARBAZAN, amu, IL, 161. Faulchion, L, 426. FAULQUEZ, HBRZBBLB, Marquises of,
arnu, I., 147. Faun, I., 426.
„ as a charge, I., 320. FAURE, nnns, L, 200.
,, DU, amu, L, 895. FAUST, artns, L, 217. Faiix-icu, I., 472. FA VERGES, artus, L, 151. FAVII:RES, amu, I., 361. FAVYN, ANDREW, Le ThMtred^Homuur
(t de C/uvalerie, I., 145, 319 ;
IL, 800. FAWKBS, arnu, L, 195; PI. XIX., fig. 0,
p. 176. FAYDIT, IL, 405. FAYETTE, DE LA, anns, I., 88. M. DE LA, IL, 312 ,, Memoiresde, LA, IL, 313.
Ftathercfl, I., 367, 426. Feathers, Ostrich, as a badge, II. , 218. FECHENBACH, Barons ron, artns, L,
203. FEET, HUMAN, as a charge, L, 219.
( 454 )
>>
>i
>>
FELBRID6E, armt, I., 280; PL XXIV.,
fig. 7, p. 224. FELDRIRCH, GoanU of, aniM, T., 889 ;
II., 13, 121. FBLDMANN, arms, II., 167. FELTRO, arau, II., 133. FEND, arm*, I., 318. FenTul as a chargt, I., 801. FENTOUN, JANET, on>M, II., 19.
„ WALTER, of Baikie, II.,
19. FENWICK, armt, I., 278; PL XXIX.,
fig. 4, p. 278. Ftr-dt-FourchttUy I., 426. „ •lance, I., 472. „ -inoline, I., 426. ,, -nwulin, I., 472. FERDINAND I., King of SPAIN, II.,
202. III., King of CASTILE,
IL, 819. III., King of CASTILE and LEON, IL, 99. v., King of ARRAQON, IL, 823. „ Emperor, ncU, II. , 120.
„ King of SPAIN, mpporiet',
II. , 278. F^RE, LE SIRE DE LA, anm, IL, 48. FERIA, CORDOVA, Count de, annt, IL,
98. Ftmutil, I., 426, 472. Ftrmaiix, I., 398. FERNANDBS DE CASTILLO, ariM, L,
876. FERNANDEZ, or»M, L, 370. FERNANDO, King uf PORTUGAL, IL,
208. FBRNE, Sir JOHN, BIomu qf Oentrief^,
L, 107. FERNLAND, a»-nM, L, 122. FERRAOUT, antu, L, 878. FERRARA, duchy, aiiM, IL, 131, 328. „ NICOLO D'ESTE, Duke of,
ariM, IL, 161. FERRARS, WILLIAM, Earl of DERBY,
mo/, L, 57. FERRE, GUY, IL, 80. FERRER A, ann«, I., 188. FERRERS, at-nu, L, 195, 872 ; IL, 93. b€idffe, 1 1., 401. £arlf» of DERBY, amu, L,
57 80. JOHN DE, tupportfTt II. , 276. „ ROBERT DE, Earl of
DERBY, amuj I., 78. „ SHIRLEY, Earl, arms^ I.,
174. WILLIAM DE, Earl of
DERBY, L. 57 ; IL, 66. „ ,, „ Lord of
GROBY, anus and supporters, IL, 276. FERRETTE, Counts of, anm, L, 284. FERRI, artns, L, 863. FERRIER, arms, I., 872. FERRIERE8, HENRI DE, seal, I., 59,
878; eaeuduon, fl^ 11, IL, 64. FERRldRE de TE88E, amu, L, 183.
,, LA, annjt, L, 878.
FERRONAT, anns, L, 268.
II
II
FERRUS, norms, L, 218; PL XXXTL. fig.
12 P. 880> Fess, l!, 1*84, 426 ; PI. XII., fig. 1, p. 134 ; fig. 44, I., 125, 126. „ arched, L, PL XIL, fig. 7, p. 134. „ as a differtnet, II., ZS. „ between chevrons, I., PL XIV., fig. 6,
p. 146. „ chetiup, L, PI. XIL, fig. 5, p. 194. „ cotised, L, PL XIL, fig. 12, p. 184. „ daneetU, L, PL XIL, fig. S, p. 184. „ tuUrtUtletl, I., PL XIL, fig. 4, p. 184. „ parted par, I., 89. „ per, I., 426 ; PL V., fig. 3, p. 88 ; fig.
85, L, 87. „ point, L, 66, 426. „ tortilU, L, PL XIL, fig. 6, p. 131. Fessways, L, 118, 426. Fettered, L, 426. Fttttr-lock, I., 426.
,, CM a badge, IL, 218. Feudal System, I., 8, 9. FEUILLADB, AUBUSSON, Gomtede la,
ai^ns, I., 168. FeuUU, L, 472. FenilU, de Scie, L, 472. Feuilles de Ache, L, 472. FEVERE DE MANEGHEM, DE, arm*,
I., 36L FEVERSHAM, CHARLES DUNCOMBE,
Baron, supporters, IL, 297. FEZENSAC, anas, I., 225.
MONTESQUIOU, Maniuis de, amis, L. 202. FIALIN, Due de PER8IGNY, anns, 1 1.,
162. FIASCHI, Marqulfeee, arms, L, 398. Fichi or fltchv, L, 472. FIDELER, anns, L, 193. FIEANDT. anns, IL, 135. Fi^f en bannUre, IL, 802. Field, L, 426. „ Difference by the addition of smaU
charges to the, IL, 43. „ The, I., 66. Fields qf a single metal, tincture, or/iir, I.,
78. FIENNES, anns, L, 108, 226; badge, II..
401. FIERAMOSCA, anns, L, 294. FierU, L, 286, 472. FIB8CHI. anns, L, 104 ; IL, 408. FIESOLE, anus, L, 828. FIESQUE, DE, IL, 408. FIFE, Ducheis of, labtl, IL, 23.
„ DUFF, Duke of, anus, I., 225.
„ ROBERT STEWART. Earl of,
seal, II. , 55. „ WILLIAM RAMSAY, Earl of, anns, IL, 88. Fiff leaves as charges, I., 887. FIGLIAMBUCHI, anns, L, 82. FIGUEIREDOS, antu, I., 387. FIGUEROA, anns. I., 887 ; IL, 92, 129. „ CORDOVA, Counta tif,
anns, IL, 98, 180. Figuri, I., 472. Figured, I., 426. Fil, L, 472.
File, L, 198,427; IL, 14. Filtl, I., 472. „ en bam, II. , 172. „ „ bordHre, L, 472 II n c-Mf, L, 473.
( 455 )
Filet en eroix, I., 478. FUiati<m, 11. , 14. Filiert, I., 4T8. FiUet, I., 180, 427. FILLIPO, II., 404. Filum, I., 198.
FIMARCON, CASSAGNET, Maiqnis de,
aiitift I., 139.
„ Dncs de, oittu, I., 225.
Fimbriated, L, 427.
FINCH, Earl of AYLESFORD, arms, I.,
802. Finche* a* charge*, I., 279.
„ eye» a» charge*, I., 280. FINCHFIBLD, anus, I., 139. FINCKENAUGBN, artn*, I., 28a FINDERNE, antu, I., 165. FINDLATBR, OGILVY, Earl of, artn»,
I. 230. FINl'BLS,*a>niwi, I., 214. FINLAND, ai-nu, II., 339. Finnefl, I., 427. FIOLO, anjM. I., 155. Fir coiui a» charge*, I., 858. „ tree, I., PI. XXXII., flg. 2, p.
336. ,, a* a charge. I., 383. Fire a* a charge, L, 332. „ aiin* a* charge*, I., 882. „ ball, I., 427. „ pan* a* charge*, I., 408. FIRM AS. ami*, L, 76. Fimi^.L, 427. FISCHL, arm*, I., 251. Fish a* charge*, I., 281. ,, eocl; cu a charge, I., 815. „ hecul* a* charge*, I., 280. ,, hook* a* charge*, I., 408. „ jav* a* charge*, I., 286. Fitcf^, I., 133.
„ or Fitehed, I., 427. FUtchy, I,, 171. FITOLIA, SETTIMO, Princes do, arm*,
I., 150. FITZ-ALAN, arm*, I., 108, 226. „ „ Earl of ARUNDEL, arm,
II., 180. „ CHARLES, CHARLES, Earl of
PLYMOUTH, ar%n», II., 182. „ CLARENCE, WILLIAM GEORGE, Earl of MUN8TER, ar^tx*, II., 183. „ -EDMUND, ATHELWARD, arm*,
IL, 11. REYNAUD, arm*, IL,
11. RICHARD, arm, II., 11. „ WYCHARD,ormj, IL,
11. „ HENRY, II.. 408. „ -JAMES, LE DUG DE, IL, 408. „ MARMADUKE, RICHARD LB,
arm*, II. , 172. „ -PAYNE, badge, IL, 400. „ -ROGER, artn*, I., 226. „ „ ROBERT, teal, I., 57.
„ -SIMON, JOHN, arm, I., 179. „ -SIMOND, NICHOLAS, tupporier,
IL, 276. „ -SIMONS, arm, L, 200. „ -URSE, omu, L, 242. „ -WARINB, wrm*, L, 92. „ -WARYN, oniM, IL, 177.
fi
fi
It
If
II
•I
II II II
FITZWALTBR, MILO, Earl of HERE- FORD, ami*, L, 144. FITZALAN, arm, I., 128 ; IL, 88, 202 ; badge, 401. CHRISTIAN, heiren of
WALTER, I., 185. ELEANOR, IL, 104. Lady ALICE, IL, 180. THOMAS, Earl of
ARUNDEL, IL, 202. „ WALTER, *eal, L, 51.
FITZGERALD, arm*, L, 153; IL, 82,
83. „ Dukea of LEINSTER,
*u'pporter*, L, 252. „ JULIANA, daughter
of MAURICE FITZ- MAURICE, IL, 82. FITZGILBERT, JOHN, son of WALTER,
arm*, IL, 39. FITZHUGH, ami*, IL, 152. FITZJAMES, HENRIETTA, arm, IL 182. HENRY, ami*, IL, 182. „ „ Duke of BER-
WICK, arm*, IL, 182. FITZPAYNE, badge, IL, 212, 305. FITZROY, ami*, IL, 177.
GEORGE, Duke of NOR- THUMBERLAND, arm, IL, 182. „ HENRY, Duke of GRAFTON,
arm*, IL, 182. Duke of RICH- MOND and SOMERSET, ami*, IL,180. JAMES, Duke of MON- MOUTH, amui, IL, 182. FITZSYMON, arm, I., 403. FITZWALTBR, a»-m«, L, 149; PI. XIV.,
Jig. 6, p. 146 ; IL, 67 ; badge, 401. PITZWARIN, PETER, ami*, IL, 177. FITZWARREN, WILLIAM, Lord, arm,
IL, 18. FITZWILLIAM, ami*, L, 354 ; PI. VIIL, fig. 9, u. 100. Earl of 80UTHAMP-
II
II
II
TON, ami*, I., 109. ,, Barle of, ami*, I., 109.
FIZE, DE, ami*, L, 410. FIZEAUX, ami*, L, 78. FLACCHIO, La GhUalogie de la MaUon
de la Tour, I., 63. Flag*, II., 299.
„ NM tonal, II. , 806. FLAHAULT, Comte de, ann*, IL, 196. Flambant, I., 473.
„ Contre, I., 478. Flame* a* a charge, L, 83S ; PI. XVIL,
fig. 4, p. 156. FLAM MEN, aiiiu, L, 882. Flancht*, L, PI. XIX., fig. 7, p. 176.
,, or Ftaunchet, I., 427. Flanchi*, I., 473. Flaw*. L, 473.
FLANDERS, arm, I., 64, 225, 268 ; II. , 28, 60, 70, 77, 78, 79, 82, 88, 90, 98, 107, 106, 128, 197, 198,199,201,277,281, 320, 824. „ BALDWIN, Count of,
arms, IL, 99. •I •! o'l arm*, IL,
2S ; PI. XIX., fig. 4, p.192 ; IL, 197.
( 456 )
i>
II
)i
a
If
FLANDBRS, Count GUY of, II., 40, 48. „ of, II., 872 ; crt, 378. „ ROBERT of, 9eal, I., 49. Countea MAROARBT of,
arm*, II., 107. lOLANTB of, «ea{. II., 78. ISABELLA, Coontea of,
mo/, II., 98. JOHN, Count of, ann*, II., 107. „ lion of, I., 49 ; II., 48.
,, Lionsot, I., 259.
,, LOUIS, Count of, 9eal, fig.
24, II., 29S. „ „ DE NBVERS,
Count of, II., 72. „ ,, II., Count of, II.,
„ LB MALE, Count of, II., 197. „ „ van MaJUt Count
of, mpporier*. II., 270. „ Harlu of Illegitimaoy in,
II., 197. MATILDA of, amu, II.,
318. J'HILIP I., Count of, ual, I., 30, 49, 221. ,, ,, of, ai'»i«, II., 40,
48,99. PHILIPPE DAL8ACE,
Count of, helm, II., 228. ROBERT DB BETH UNE,
Count of, II., 78, 88 ;
arm*^ 28. ,, Seal* of early Counts of,
I., 46. „ Tmnb of WILLIAM, Count
of, I., 45. ,, Um qfBordure in, II., 28.
„ WILLIAM, Count of,
banner, II., 300. FLANDRB, ANTOINEand BAUDOUIN
DE, aiitw, II., 199. „ BAUDOUIN, Bdlard de,
ar»u, II., 197. BEATRIX, Bdtarde dt,
armi, II., 197. „ Chnmique de, II., 311.
„ GUI DE, a>iM«, II., 40.
„ GUILLAUME DK, amu,
II., 40. „ HENfRI DE, antu, II., 40 ;
ci-est, 219. , , ISA BELLE DE,tupport€r$,
II. 278. „ JEAN DE, Seigneur de
PRAET, anne, II., 197. „ JEANNE DB, ual, L, 79.
„ Let ReehercM dt$ Anli-
quitet et Soble$ae de, II.,
197. LOUIS DE CRE8SY,
Comte de, IL, 197. „ MARGUERITE, daughter
of BAUDOUIN DE,
anna, II., 199. „ PETERKIN, B6tard de,
arniM, II., 197. PHILIPPE D'ALSACE,
Comte de, mu/, I., 84. „ ROBERT, Bdtard d<,
ariM, II., 197.
FLANDRB, ROBERT DB, II., 78.
„ YOLANTB DB, mo/, IL,
78, 274 ; supporters, 881. Ffankt, L, 427. Ffanqui-en-rond, I., 478. Uask at a charge, I., 378. flatque, I., 174, 190. „ The, I., 126. Fla,$queM, I., 427. Ftaundi, The, I., 126. Flaunehe, I., 174, 196. Flax-plant a* a eharffe, I., 356. Fleas as eharges, I., 208. FL^CHIN, MaiquU de WAMIN, omu,
L, 103. FLECKBNSTEIN, Barona ron, amiM, I.,
103, 174 ; IL, PI. XX., fig. 2. p. 204. FLEECE, ORDER OF THB GOLDBN,
II., 285, 335. FLEETWOOD, Barons, arnu, II., 168. FLEHINGEN, arms, II. , 28. FLBMAL. armi, L, 154. FLEMING, aiiM, L, 274; PL XX., fig. 10, p. 180; PL XXVIII., fig. 9, p. 256. MALCOLM, seal, I., 188. „ of Biggar, arms, I., 188.
Sir MALCOLM, L, 188. FLETCHER of Saltoun, otmu, I., 167. Fhur-de-lis, I., 89.
„ a«a6<M(^, IL, 210.
„ charge, I., 348. Arab, flg. 11, I., 39. Mark of sixth sun, II., 54. fiortnde, I., PL XXXIII., fig. 7, p. 852. Itse, L, 478 ; PL XXXIII., fig. 6, 1>. 352.
„ liset, Cross, I., 167; flg. 68, p. 178. FUuri, Contre, I., 473.
„ Fleuretti, Flenronnt, I., 47S. Fleurttte Cross, L, 167. Fteuretty, Fleury {Floty), I., 427. FleuH, L, 473. FteursHle-lis, I., PL XXXIII., fig. 6, n.
852 ; figs. 71-78, I., 350, 351. Fleury, I., 427.
„ Cross, I., 166 ; flg. 64, p. 178 Flexetl, I., 427. Flies as charges, I., 294. Flightetl, I., 367, 427. FLINT, County, artns, IL, 90. FLOCKER, aniM, IL, 167. FLORENCE, artns, L, 296, 848; PL XXXHL, flg. 7, p. 352; IL, 86. „ City, coins, I., 344.
Florence, I., 473. FLO RENT, King of the Romans, seattum,
L, 257. Flory, Cross, I., 166 ; flg. 64, p. 173.
„ Floretty, I., 427. Flotant, I., 427. Floweied, I., 427. Flotcers as charges, I., 833, 841. Flurty Cross, I., 167. Flute as a charge, I., 402. Foi, L, 478; PL XXXVL, flg. 12, p. 8S0. FOI DB ST. MAURICE, arms, I., 218. FOIX, Count of, seal, I., 61.
„ Counts of, artns, L, 138 ; II. , 51. „ NOAILLBS, Prinoes dt, arms, I.. 140. Foliated, I., 427«
• I II •I
II
FONTAINE. DE, anu, 1., isa
FONTAINBH, tfBRUANH DB BOtJR-
OOONE, Sdnuilr de,
«™t, II., SW.
„ PHILIPPE, Balgimr ds,
anu, II., SOD; PL XVI., Sg. 2, p.
FOXTEKAI, onu, t., 100. FONTENAV, anm, I., 83.
„ LB TONMBLIEB, Hu.
qniwde, L, i:s. FONTIBUS. JOHN DB, Bldwpof ELY,
nnM. I.. MO, FORABOaCHI, aniw. L, m, FORBEa, nrtu, I., 243; PI. XXVL, flg,
b,v.uo: II., «,».
olBiHir- ■ ■■ "
FOX, Bid]i>p nni^, I., >;«.
Fiat, muUur-talknt, I., PI
0.0.140. Fraeird, I., 42T. .FmixuacViriH', L. 34L
Fmivi, I.. PL ii^lll'., fig. FmiK-tantoH, I., 175.
F^K^-'aN^IB'nT, 'aiui,
L, i:
„ Rim
I. II.. I
FOnbEKEs', In Abtirdnlimhin,' II.',' S,
Fnra-^. I.. 47J.
FORCE, NOMFAR.DnodeU, II., tO
„ ' •i'ton-Uitr, I., PI. XXXVI., flg. 1, p.3Sa. Foriiim Dtagmi, I., PL XXX., flg. 0, ]i.
SXSIL.flf. 6, p-W
FORIftl'i^, a>'<M Md
,, DE LA, ar,
F0RB8TBL, or mi II.
t^KAAKA, miiu, L, 108. FOBREST-LAHDHIT, orw, 11., 42.
ai-M., I„ 1S4. FORRESTER, ADAM, lupporlcr,
Loni,'ar.i«, L, 400.
>, so.ss,oc^ iyii,'i-js,'M»,'w*, iti, m
IIUU'eKK, iiniM, L, le, ll«,
181, wi.m: K xxViii
- PL XXXIIl ., IT. U, to, li, «t, 101, 101
lOi, lov. 111, m, Its, 1S1, itu. i4i. 150. S9, iM, in,
161, ISO, ISI, 104, IM. MO, IB) 3S3. 901. «30, SSI, »B,
aiii. B^H, J^:. 3^s, in, »4i,
ii>4u of OBIcxn t3l SUMk II.,
iWj«. II., a34.
(»»xli>nor,L. IBt: IL, 36,17.
Cbucelien de, corowU, II.,
ChanUlloro(,coJi,lL,2«T.
„ Vl«»iuiUiD, il.,'3W. ' irwHIn, II.. 3B4. D«nphln of, lu-uu, I.. 38! ; PI.
XXIX., Bi. T, ■>. ars; n.,
FRANCOIS. 'Onod Chwnbar-
bin it, amu, IL, IM. Orrnt S«mI at, II., S». HENRlETTAHARIAof.orHM
FOssBinf,
FOBTlf R, Ba
fouca'uld, a
., loj, 807 ;
Bel(n«u d* la ROCHE
Fouciuri jr., 4os.
F-Hdrr, I.. KS. FOCLIS, nrwi, I., 337,
of LudMlk, IL, S3. „ SlrJOHN. orMi, IL, >&
AKntaiiij, i'., Fl! XX'lL, Bg. B. p. 100. FOUQUffT, «™., I., Ml fll., «*. Fourtl^, I.. 437, 478. /ViHrcAn. cvoM^ I., 170 ; flg. OS, p. 1"!.
DE, Kof, IL, 71; PL uWAlfljiE of, nmu, IL,
)IABIBANT01xkTr8,QaeMi
or. tnitn. IL, 3S8. MnrJu ol Ul<(itln»C7 In, II.,
( 45» )
II II II
II
II II
FRANCE, MarihaUing in, II., 127. „ MAnhali of, coronet, II., 265. Ordtnofy II., 869. orijlaninu of, II., 809. Premien Pr^idento, cop, II.,
267. Princes-Orand-Dignitaires of, miiM, I., 296. „ QneenB of, croicnM, II., 258. „ Koyal Flag of, II., 812. ,, Royal House of, crut^ II.,
240. ,, mpporter of RoyaJL Ann*, II., 278, 281. mppcrteri in, II., 2S2. toqiu* vueA instead of hclvut*, tic, in, II., 268. „ use of bordure in, II., 27. ,, ,, Inbel in, II., 24.
FRANCHB-COMT^, ann« in, 1., 112. FRANCHI, amu, I., 90. FRANCIOTTI, oniw, I., 801. FRANCIS, Emperor of AUSTRIA, II., 160. „ I., King of FRANCE, I., 852 ;
device, SOS; »eal, 347; badge, II., 218 ; crovnv, 258 ; »upporte>'», 282. FRANCONIA, a^tna, II., S40. ,, Duke of, I., 6.
PRANGONIS, aj-m*, I., 81. FRANCQUART, I., 71. FRANGIPANI, oniM, I., 407. FRANKFURT, arm*, I., 266. Franks, gradations of rank, I., 8.
„ The, I., 6. FRA8ER, arm*, I., 841 ; PI. XXXIII., fig. 2, p. 852; II., 6, 56, 138 „ HUOH, Mol, II., 81.
„ Master ALEXANDER, II.,
19. Sir ALEXANDER, imxI, II.,
80. „ WILLIAM, DouglatBw>k\ II., 246. „ Toiem\»M., L, 22.
„ WILLIAM, *eaU IL, 19.
FRAUENBBRO, or FRAUNBERG,
Barons of, arm*, II., 58. FRAUNBERG, Barons, arvM, L, 181. FRAUNHOFEN, Barons, antu, I.,
181. FREDERICK, L, BARBAR03SA, King
of the ROMANS, arm*, I., 223, 256. „ Emperor, crown, II., 259.
„ I., Emperor, II., 72,
156. „ I., King of PRUSSIA,
IL, 866. „ 1 1., Count Palatine, acci-
dent to, I., 41. „ IL, Emperor, I., 221 ;
banntr, 257 ; II., 157. IL, King of DENMARK,
IL, 826. IL, Ring of PRUSSIA, IL, 167. III., King of NORWAY and DENMARK, IL, 206, 828. „ IV., King of PRUSSIA, IL, 866.
II
II
II
II
•I
FREDERICK, Vf., King of SWEDEN,
IL, 868. IV., King of NAPLES, and SICILY, IL, 128. „ WILLIAM, King of
PRUSSIA, IL, 366. FREDI^RE, »ef AURELLE. FRBLOND, JOHN, $upportcr, IL, i75. FRENCH, arm* and %notto, IL, S79 ; coctade, 876. „ EMPIRE, atvau, II., 196. „ On the Ainnett a/ the Bayevx Taputry, I., 804 ; IL, 800. FREPELL, anta, L, 297. FRERB, arm*, I., 197. FRBSTEL, armt, I., 106. Fret, I., 174, 192, 427; PL XXIL, fig. 11, p. 196. „ The, L, 126, FRETBL, ar%H*, I., 106. Frttti, I., 478.
„ Frttty, L, 473. Fretted, I., 427. Frttty, L, 106, 427; PI. IX,, flg 5, p.
106. FREVILLB, arm*, I., 166. FRIBERG, arm*, L, 194. FRIDUNG, VON, ann*, IL, 399. FRIBDLAND, WALLENSTBIN, Dukes
of. anm, L, 283 ; IL, 159. FRIES, arm*, I., 310. FRIOUL, duchy, artM, IL, 125. FRISS, arme, I., 810. FRIULI, duchy, arm*, IL, 125, 1S8. Froge a* charge*, I., 288, 292. FROHBERO, Counts van, gupporter*, L,
32a FROISSART, arm*, I., 188.
„ quoted, L, 394; IL, 803,
843. „ referred to, IL, 218.
FROSCH, arm*, L, 292. FROSCHAMMER, armti, L, 292. FRQSCHAUER, arm*, L, 292. FROSCHL, amu, L, 292. Frueted, I., 427. Fruiti, I., 478.
Fntite a* charge*, I., 888, 857. FRUMBB8BL, arm*, I., 250. Frying-pan* a* charge*, I., 406. FUCHSS, Counts, arm*, I., 848. FUENSALDA, arm*, I., 204. FUGGER, Spiegel der Shren de* HauMea
Oetterreieh, L, 258. FUGGER8, arm*, I., 849. FULFORD, tupportei-*, IL, 284. FULLER, arm*, IL, 154. FULLERTON, arm*, L, 251. FUMEZ, Marquess de, arm*, L, 158. Fur, au natunl, I., PL IV., fig it, p.
70. Furchy, L, 427. Furieux, I., 474. Furi*on, I., 428. Fumi*hed. L, 428.
FURNIVAL, GERARD DB, arm*, IL, 9. „ THOMAS, omu, II., ».
DE, mU, L, 64. ,, WALTER, DK, arm*, IL
9. Fur*, I., 69, 75. FtlRSTENBBRO, arm*, L, 187.
( 459 )
Ft^RSTENBBRG, PrinoM of, aniu, 11.,
.^ 29. FURSTBNWARTER, Barons tod, arm^,
L, 877. Ftueaut I., 194. Fiuie^ I., 194, 474.
FU8BR DB VOiaENON, arms, I., 194. FtueU, I., 110. FuseUe.FtuUly, I., 474. Ftuil, The, I. 126, 192, 194, 428, 474 ; fig.
52, 125. FtttUly, I., 110, 428; PI. VIII., flg. 10, p. 100. „ in 6«ui, I., PI., VI 1 1., fig. 11, p. 100. Fusilt (Mnjoined, I., PI. XIX., fig. 12, p. 176. „ in bend, I., PI. XVIIL, fig 8, p. 158. Futi, I., 474.
FUZELIBR, LB, anns, L, 194. i>(A>r, I., 98, 428. FYNDBRNB, arms, I., 165.
OABRIBL- Archangel, II., 261.
QABRIELI, Prince, II., 406.
OABTANI, ar»M, 1., 142.
GAI, I., 474.
GAINSBOROUGH, NOEL, Bark of,
arms, I., 106, 175. Oal-traps, I., 428. GAL, LE, arnu, L, 102. GALBA, medai, L, 845. GALEN, VAN, mouumtnt, II., 268. GALEOTTI» arms, I., 188. Oalire, L, 474. GALICIA, Kingdom, arms, I., 888; IL,
126. GALIFET, Marquis de, arms, L, 388. GALILEO, arms, I., 881 ; PI. XXV., fig. '
9, p. 376.^ GALISSONI^RE, DE LA, arms, I., 294. Oalley, I., 428.
„ as a charge, I., 888. GALLOT, anus, L, 151. GALLOWAY, Lordship of, arms, L, 227 ;
IL, 85, 75, 189. „ ARCHIBALD,DOUGLAS,
Lord of, anus, II. 140. „ DEVORGILLA, daughter
of ALAN, Lord of, sea/, II., 75. GAM, Sir DAVID, ainns, I., 364. GAM A, VASCO DA, I., 250 ; anus, 109 ;
IL, 169 : PI. X., fig. 2, p. 140. GAMACHES, Marquiaee of, arnu, I., 128.
,, supporters, II. , 282.
GAM A RAGE, Comte de, anus, I., 836. Oavtb, L, 285, 428. GAMIN, arms, I., 202. Qammadion, L, 93. GAND, BAUDOINde,8eigDear,d'AL08T-,
arms, I., 128. GANGALANDI, arms, L, 98. GANTIER, LE, II., 408. Garb, L, 428; PI., XXXIIL, fig. 12, p.
852. Oarbs as charges, I., 850. GARCIA, arms, I., 275. Qardant, I., 222, 428. GARIOOH, arms, IL, 191. GARLAND, anns, l^ 855, 428.
„ GUI DE, seal, L, 50.
GARNET, motto, IL, 884. Qami, I., 474. QamUhed, L, 400, 428. Garter, L, 428.
I,
If
GARTER, ORDER OF THE, IL, 294, 835, 843. „ aniu, OF ORDER OF THE,
L, 151. „ Badge qf the Order of the, II.,
845. ,, Chapel of the Order of the, II., 282. Collar of the Order oj the, II. ,
345. King of Arms, anM, IL, 145,
346. Officers of the Onler of the, II., 846.
„ RiUbon of the Order of the, II.,
345. Stall plates of Knights of, I., 69. „ Star of the Oi-der of the, II.,
845. „ Tkf, IL, 344.
GARRARD, ai-ms, L, 234; PI. XXV., fig.
1, p. 234. GARRAULT, on/M, L, 811. Qarcies as charges, 1., 281. GARVINB, arms, I., 281. GASCELIN, anm, L, 122. GASCQ, IL, 405. GA8SBNDI, anM, L, 326. GATE, Sir GEOFFREY, supporters, 1 1.,
284. Gates as charges, I., 408. GAUCOURT, Marquis de, arms, I., 284. GAUL, Feudal System in, I., 8. GAUNT, JOHN of, II., 225; arms, 86;
banlge, 217, 218 ; bed, 215. Gauntlet, I., 428. Qaue, or Provinces, I., 6. GAVENOR, arms, L, 242. GAVESTON, PIERS, Earl of CORN-
WALL, anus, I., 269. GAVRE, antis, L, 191 ; IL, 63. GAWDBY, ariM, I., 291. GAY, motto, II. , 380. GAYET, CArt Arabe, L, 89. Oase,at, I., 245, 428. GAZZARI, arms, L, 307. GEDDE3, arms, L, 284. Geds as charges, I., 284. GEESDORP, VAN, aruis, L, 193. Oeldre, Anno rial de, I., 00. GELENIUS, I., 71. GELIOT, refeiTed to, IL, 311. Gem-%ing, L, 428. GEM ELL, Barons, anns, I., 210. GEMBLLI, aruis, I., 210. Gemells (Bars-Gemels), L, 428. Gemels, L, 189.
GBNDRE, LE, arms and motto, IL, 379. GENDRON, anMj, L, 212. Genealogist, The, L, 141; IL, 11, 50,
72 97. GBNFSTBT, anus, L, 215. Genet, I., 428.
GENEVA, on)M, L, PI. VIIL, fig. 8, p. 100 ; IL, 81, 85, 108. „ Counts of, anus, I. , 109.
GENE VILE, Lords, arms, I., 374. GENBVILL, GEOFFREY DB, arms, I.,
874. GENBVILLB, DE, anus, I., 49, 378.
„ SIMON DE, anus, L, 874.
GENICEI, an)u, L, 107. GENNEP, VAN, anus, L, 865.
( 46o )
>i
II
GBNOA, Republic of, aruu, I., 151, Sd6. OENOUILLAC, OOURDON DE. VArt
Hiixtldiquje. I., 78. ,. Me GOURDON.
GENT, VAN, arm*, I., 170. Gentleman, Definition of tprm, I., 10, IS. OentUaiavCi Magazine, I., 258. Gentlemen's HtlnuU, IL, 230. GEORGE I., King of GREAT BRITAIN, II., 329, 844. 394 ; orwu, 328 ; mo/, 825 ; tupporUrt, 826. „ I., to IV., Kings of GREAT
BRITAIN, artiu, I., 249. III., King of GREAT BRIT- AIN, II., 20, 880, 344, 348. IV., King of GREAT BRIT- AIN, II., 22, 23, 331 ; seal, 221. , , King of the HELLENES, at-nu, II.,111. GEORGIA, antu, II., 839. GERARD, ai-uM, L, 154.
„ PIERRE, IL, 868.
Oei-atetl, I., 428. GERBAIS, nwtto, IL, 387. GfiRION, Tfte rf<, L, 474. GERMAN EMPIRE, antut, L, 866; IL, 886 ; PI. XXVIIL, fig. 1, p. 888. „ Prince Imiierial, crovn, IL, St55. GERMANY, coronet of a Baron in, IL,
267. „ „ Counts in, IL, 266. cockmU, IL, 876. crt*t» in, 1 1., 229, 238, 284,
235. Baglt of, IL, 88 ; fig. 68, L,
254. Emperors of, a«*»M, I., 863 ; IL, 84, 85, 110, 181, 184, 158, 320, 328. Empress of, lahtl, fig. 8, II. ,
20, 28. Feudal System in, L, 8. Hduutt in, IL, 231. JvipeiHal a'oien of, IL, 255. Imperial Statulanl of, IL,
818. lanUtrequin in, IL, 246. Naval jtag of, IL, 313. Origin of present system of
armory in, L, 82. People of, L, 2, 5. Princes of, crowns, IL,
268. *upport«r» in, II. , 288, 286. use of bordwt in, 1 1., 28. „ labtl in, IL, 28. GER0LD8ECK, Coants of, a%^M, L, 228 ;
IL, 114. GERVI8, arm, L. 869. GETHIN, %Mtto, IL, 387. GEVABRTS, vwtto, IL, 886. GEVRES, POTIER, Due de, anM, I.,
809; II., 405. GEYER, ariM, I., 278. GEYSA L, King of HUNGARY, IL, 260,
261. OEYSS, arnu, L, 315. GHELDBRSON, lawbrtqu,xn, IL, 248. GHENT, arm*, L, 296.
i«
II
It
II
II
II
II
II •I II
11
II
II •I
II II II
GHENT, JOHN of, Duka of LANCAS- TER, IL, 178, SOS ; badfft, 22L GHERARDINI, arm*, L, 138. GHIBELLL Dr P., helmet, IL, 831. GHIBELLINE, arm*, L, 118.
„ intignia, IL, 85.
GHISELIN, artM, 1., 894. GHISI, aniu, L.98.
GHI8NES, INGELRAM DE, arm*, I., 79. GHIsiTELLES, a.mu, L, 147.
., MARIA DE, IL, 197.
GIACINTO, arm*, I., 356. GIBBON, quoted, L, 166. GIBELLINI, supporUr*, I., 319. GlECH, Gountoof, anu*, IL, 112. GIEDE, arm*, L, 884. G IE LIS, aniw, L, 409. GIFPARD, arm*, L, 106, 229 ; uuXfo, IL.
887 GIFFORD, arm*, L, 229, 374 ; PL XXIV.,
fig. 4, p. 224 ; arm*, IL, 138. GIJOM, AFFONSO, Conde de, arm*^ IL.
208. GILLES, moUo, IL, 885. Oillf/Jtotrer* a* charge*, I., 355. GIMBAL, arm*, L, 324. Gimmel-ring, I., 428. GINKEL, *ee REEDE. GIOJA, FLAVIO, I., 349. GIOLFINI, artM, L, 8L GIOVANELLI, Princes, arm*, L. 88«. GIOVIO, arm*, L, 874 ; PL XXXVL, fig.
9 p. 380. GIRAULD, GUILLAUME DE, IL, 404. GIRESME, NICOLE DE, *upporUr*^ IL,
28a GIROLAMI, a^-m*, IL, 163. GIROLAMO, FRA, arm*, I., 279. Giron, L, 177, 474.
„ or GfTon, I., 428. GIRON, Ducd'OSSUNA, arm*, IL. 89; PI. VI L, fig. 2, p. 9«. „ Marquis of PENAFIEL, arm*, L, 177. GironnanU, I., 474. Oironne, I., 93, 474.
„ en Croix, I., 474. „ Mai, L, 474. Gironny or Gyronnif, L, 488. Oirouetti, I., 474. GirouetU*, L, 875. Gi*ant, L, 474.
GISB, arm*, L, 110; PI. IX., fig. I, n. lOfi. GIUDICI, oi-MW, L, 96. OIUSTINIANI, arm*, L, 2G1, 265. GLADSTONE, ann*, L, 185, 218. GLAFEY, Specimen deeaitem, Siffillontm,
L, 255, 845 ; II. , 259. GLAMIS, PATRICK, Lord, L, 228. GLANNES, Barons de VILLERS-
FARLAY, arm*, L, 860. GLANVILLE, ariH*, L, 156. GLASGOW, City and See, arm*, I., 885, 833. ,, Earls of, arm*, I., 246.
GLASS, GEORGE, arm*, L, m)8. 6la»»e», Drinl-tHg, a* charge*, L, 397. GLEDSTANE, arm*, L, 212. GLBDSTANES, on**, L, 185; PI. XX.,
fig. 9, p. 180. GLEICHeN, Counts of, amu, I., 827;
IL, 106. GLEN, MARGARET, wife of ROBERT. II. , 189.
( 46i )
II
II II
11
II II
ti
II
OLBN, MARION, arms, II., 189. OLBN DOWER, OWEN, $eal and ani»/i,
I., 805. Qliding, I., 288, 428. OLOOAU, Dnkes of, antu, I., 267. Qloasary, English, I., 415. „ French, I., 450. GLOUCESTER, ALIANORE BE BOHUN, DnchesB of, broM. II., 94. AMAURI D'EVREUX,
Earl of, arnuf, I., 89. ANTIGONE, natural daughter of HUM- PHREY, Duke of, arnii, II., 179. badffe, II., 401. CLARE, Earl of, badfftt
L, 402. DB CLARE, Earl of,
anntf I., 150. Duke of, IL, 289. GILBERT DE CLARE, amu, Earl of, II., 64, 71. MARY, Duchess of, iabtl,
fig. 8, IL, 21, 22. HENRY, Duke of, omu,
IL, 20. RALPH DEMONTHER. MBR, Earl of, at-m*, I., 268. RICHARD PLANTA- GBNET, Duke of, helm, 1 1. 282. THOMAS, Duke of, IL, 18 ; amu, 94 ; bcidge, 221. WILLIAM FREDER- ICK, Dukeof, label, II., 22. „ HENRY,
Duke of, Za6«/,II.,22. ., „ STUART,
Duke of, arms, II. , 20, 21. GLOVER, arui», L, 77. GLOVER'S Ordinary, I., 179.
„ Roll, L, 205, 221, 276, 849,
874, S92, 394 ; IL, 10, 45, 72, 103, 172, 175, 179. Oloves, as charges, L, 408. GOAT LEY, ere$t, I., 809. Qoatt, I., PI. XX VI I., fig. 8, p. 250. ,, a* charges, L, 247. ,, htaiis as charges, L, 247. GOBBI, arms, L, 244. Gfcblets, as charges, I., 398. Oobony or Goboni, L, 428. QODEFROI, aruu, L, 122. GODFREY, King of JERUSALEM, L,
255. G0B8HEN, arms, L, 215. GOETHE, arms, L, 825 ; PI. XXXL, fig.
8, p. 322. OOFPE, amis, L, 199. GOGH, VAN, arms, L, 390. GOHAING, €irms, I., 154. GOICX, WILHELM DE, arms, IL, 206. OoUi, I., 66.
„ coats. Plain, I., 73. OOLDEGGER, arms, L, PI. VIL, fig. 7,
p. 98. GOLDEN FLEECE, ORDER OF THE, IL, 872.
II
It
II
II
•I II II II II II II II It
GOLDINGTON, arms, L, 141. G0LDI8BURGH, arms, L, 169; PI. XV.,
fig. 8, p. 152. G'olpe, L, 201. Oolpes, I., 428. GONDRECOURT, Counto of, arms, L,
227. Qfm/alon, or Ooi^fanon, L, 474. GONFALONIERE, artns, IL, 182. Gor^fanon as a charge, I., 388, 428. GONNELIEU, anus, I., 140. G0N8ALEZ DE CISNEROS,
RODRIGUE, L, 177. GONTAUT, Due de BIRON, arms, L, 92. GONTIER, see CHATEAU. GONZAGA, Dnke of MANTUA, arms,
I., 103, 271 ; II. , 124, 157. Goose as a charge, I., 274. GORGE, see MERLE. GORCKEN, arm, h, 803. GORCUM, VAN, a»ijw, I., 216. GORDON, antis, L, 240; motto, IL, 879. , , Earl of ABERDEEN, anns, I . ,
191. „ heiress, 1 1., 286. „ of Cairnbulg, arm*, 1 1., 192. „ Earlston, arms, II. , 52. „ Glasterim, arms, IL, 52. „ Hallhead, anns, IL, 198. ,, Kennertie, arms, IL, 58. ,, Knokespock, arms, 1 1., 52. ,, Lesmoir, anns, II., 39. ,, Lochinvar, arm*, 1 1., 38. ,, Newark, arms, II.^ 52. „ Rusco, anns, IL, 193. „ ,, Tetschie, arms, II., 52.
GORDONS in Aberdeenshire, II. , 5. Gore, L, 428.
GORE, Earl of ARRAN, anm, I., 172. Gorge, I., 204, 428. Gorgi, I., 474. Gorged, L, 428. GORGES, arms, I., 205 ; PI. XXIL, fig.
6, p. 196. Gorges, or Q urges, I., 429. GORKE, arvis, L, 303. GORLITZ, VON, anus, II. , 399. GORREVOD, arms, I., 147. GORTERE, DE, arms, I., 150. GORZ, County, arms, 1 1., 125. GOSCHEN, amis, L, 101, 215. Goshawk, L, PI. XXVIIL, fig. 6, p. 256.
„ as a charge, L, 273. GOSPATRIC, arms, I., 202. GOTHA, see SAXE. GOTHLAND, arms, II., 58, 207, 278, 827,
328 342. GOTSCHEN, VON, arms, L, 101. GOTTER, Counto, arms, L, 147 ; IL, 164. GOTTLAND, antis, I., 248. GOTTSCHET, arm*, IL, 85. GOTTSTEIN, Counto ron, amis, L, 244. OOUDELIN, Vicomtes de PL^HEDEL,
aTi-ms, I., 868. Gouffre, 1., 474.
GOUGH, Viscount, supporter, L, 806; arms, IL, 154 ; motto, 388. ,, Monuments, I., 62. GOUJON, artM, L, 172. GOULD, Mr BARING, Old Country L\fe,
II.,409. GOURDON DE GENOUILLAC, VArt
Hiraldique, I., 847. GOURNAY, arms, L, 74.
( 462 )
OOURNBY, orwM» I., 15«. GOUSSAINVILLE, MONTMORENCY,
arms, II., 62. GOUSSANCOUBT, antu, I., 874.
„ Afcwtyrotogiedes Chev-
aliers de S. Jean de //t€riiM/em, I., 277. OouBsetf I., 474. OoutUe^ Outty, OutUe, I., 429. GouUes, I., 429, 474. 60UVIS, arms, I., 80. GOWER, antis, I., 166 ; mottOf II., 884.
„ the poet, II., 226. 00 YON, Dues of VALBNTINOIS, aniu, I., 288 ; II., 406. „ Vioomtes de, ann*, I., 226. GOZON, Chevalier DBODATO DB, I.,
803. 6RAB0WSKI, see OKSZA. Oraiied, I., 429. GRADBNIGHI, arms, I., 881. GRADBNIGO, Coonto, anns, I., 8^1;
PI. XXXV., fig. 10, p. 876. Oradimt, I., 429. GRADISCA, Connty of, arms, I., 166;
II. 125. ORADNER, anns, I., 886. GRAF T. CRONBBRG, amw, II., PI.
VI., fig. 4, p. 84. ORAFBNEGG, Counts von, armi, I.,
193. Grmfled' I., 429.
GRAFTON, Duke of, amis, I., PL XIII., fig. 12, p. 140. H ENRY FITZRO Y, Duke of, arms, II., 182. GRAHAM, arms, II., 6, 40.
Duke of MONTROSE, ariM,
I., 287. JOHN, amw. II.,89. of Bnu», Sir WILLIAM, arms, II., 42. „ „ Pintry, ROBERT, arm*,
II., 41. „ „ Sir ROBERT,
n.,4L „ Oarvook, arnu, I. , 189. „ Inchbraikie, arms, I.,
879. „ Kinpimt, ROBERT, arm*,
IL, 41. „ MORPHIB, arms, IL, 40.
„ PATRICK, Earl of Strathem, arms, II. , 41. GRAILLY, arms, L, 133.
., JOHN DE, crest, IL, 289.
GRAM MONT, Dues de, motto, II. , 885.
HUGH DB, supporters,
II. , 279. M. de, IL, 407. „ see DELMAS.
GRAMONT, anus, I., 227. GRANADA, Kingdom, aniu, I., 857 ; PI. XXXIIL, fig. 10, p. 852 ; IL, 111, 323, 824 842. GRAN AT A, arms, L, 857. GRAND-PR]^, Comtes de, artiM, I.,
108. Orand-quarters, 1 1., 104. GRANDALB, arms, I., 164. GRAND-GUERCHE, LA, amu, L, 298,
894. GRANDISON, arm, IL, 87.
i>
f)
II II
II
fi
II
II
GRANDISON, JOHN DE, BUhop of
EXETER, arms, IL, 53. GRANDORGE, arms, I., 859. GRANGE, arms, I., 357.
D'ARQUIBN. DB LA, arma,
IL, 35. GRANGIER, arms, L. 857. GRANIBR, arms, L, 857.
„ DE CASSAGNAC, arnu, I..
857. GRANOLLLACHS. arms, I., 292. GRANT, arms, I., 395 ; PL XXX VIL, fig. 5, p. 894 ; IL, 6 ; crest, JM2. Dr GREGORY. IL, 402.
„ NEIL, arms, II. , 402.
„ of Auchernack, IL, 408.
,, ,, Ballindalloch, eurms, I., 968; IL, 52.
„ „ Carron, arm*, IL, 52.
„ „ Rothiemnrcua, amM, II., 198. GRANTHAM, HENRY, Earl of, IL, 306. GRANTLBY, Lord, supporters, II., 296. GRANTMB8NIL, anns, L, 13L GRANTZ, arnu, I., 855. GRANULLAS, anns, L, 814. GRANVILLE, arms, I.. PL XXX VIL, fig. 11, p. 394. „ Earls of BATH, arnu, L,
402. Grapes as a charge, I., 406.
„ as charges, L, 887, 857. Orappin,!., 474.
GRASSB, arms, I., 225; IL, 399. Grasshoppers as charges, I., 297. GRAS8I, arms, II. , 85. GRATET, arms, L, 302. GRATZ, see WINDISCH. GRAUL, quoted, IL, 45. GRAVENECK, Counts Ton, amu, L,
193. GRAY,' G ARNIBR, Comte de, ctmu. L. 128. HENRY, Earl of TANKER- VILLB, II. , 179. „ motto, IL, 888. GRAZEBROOK, motto, IL, 885. Greaves, L, 429.
GRBBCE, anns, L, 162; IL, 841. Greek Cross, I., 162 ; fig. 54, p. 178. Green, L, 66.
Green coats, plain, L, 74. GREEN, arms, I., 845 ; IL, 152. GREENE, arnu, I., 245. GRBFEN, arms, IL, 399. GREGORY IX., Pope, arms, I., 268. „ XII., Pope, arms, I., 807.
,, THE GREAT, Pope, IL, 408. GRBIFFEN, arms, I.. 302. GRBIFFBNSTBIN, Barona rem, omt.
I 802. GRBINDL, Barons Ton, arms, I., 858. OriU, L, 474. Orflier, L, 474. Grflots, L, 390.
„ GHllets, L, 474. Gi'enades, I., 475.
„ de Guerre, I., 475. GRBNDALL of Fenton, THOMAS, arwu,
II. , 402. GRBNI^B, LA, arms, L, 151. GRBNIER, amu, I., 827. GRENOBLE, SIBOUD ALLEMAN,
Bishop of, arms, I., 55. GRESHAM, erest, I., 297.
( 463 )
II
II
It
II
II
II
ORESLEY, arMU, I., 80. ORBT, an»M, I., 208 ; II., 37, 176 ; badgt^ 401. DB, ar»u, I , PI. X., fig. 8, p.
11 (J ; II., 49. „ Lord WALSINGHAM, arwu, II., 49.
„ Duke of SUFFOLK, amu, II., 49. „ Earl of STAMFORD, anru^ I.,
102. „ and HASTINGS, Controveny, I.,
838 ; II., 15. „ JOHAN DB, artnt, II., 49. „ JOHN DB, arua, II., 87. „ Lady JANB, anm, I., 203. „ Lord, arni»^ I., 184. „ of Codnor, RICHARD, Lord,
badge, IL, 211. „ „ Ho wick, anM, I., 228. „ „ Ruthyn and HastingB, case,
IL, 141. „ RICHARD, It., 87. GRBY8T0CK, cumw, IL, 93, 288.
Barons of, amUf L, 854,
894. ELIZABETH, daughter of Lord, IL, 212. „ heiress
of, IL, 92. JOHN, Baron of, fomfr, L, 46.
„ RANULPH DB, I., 894.
GRIB, arnu, I., 800.
GRIBAUVAL, Marquises of, arm^ I., 188. Qi-ica, L, 161, 429. 0fuct», L, 429.
GRIENENSTEIN, ami*, I., 102. GRIESBNBERG, aniw, L, 108. GRIFFENSTEIN, ai'»u, L, 802. Grijffin, L, PI. XXX., fig. 7, p. 804.
,, and Dragon^ L, PI. XXX., fig. 4,
p. 804. „ a* a chargt, I., 299. „ Stay <u a charge, L, 303. GRIFFIN, amis, I., SOL Griffin's Egg, L, 800. Giiflin'i head a$ a charge, L, 802. GRIFFITHS, Princes of CARDIGAN,
arms, L, 225. GRIFFO, amis, L, 802 ; PI. XXX., fig. 7,
p. 804. Orifon, I.', 429, 475. GRIFFONI, anns, I., 91. GRIFON I, arms, I,, 109. GRIGNAN, ADHEMAR DB MONTEIL,
Gomte de, aiins, I., 142. GRIGNON, Marquis de, IL, 405. GRIGNY, SALPBRWICK, Marquis de,
aitns, L, 174. Grillage, I., 107, 476. Grilles, L, 475. Grillet, L, 475. OrilUti, L, 475. GRILLO, Matquisea d'BSTOUBLON,
arms, I., 297. GRIMALDI, anns, L, PL VIII. , fig. 10, p. 100. „ Dukes of VALENTIN0I8,
anns, I., 110. „ Princes of MONACO, armtt
L,110. GRIMBBRQHE, Princes da, arms, L, 184. „ VAN, arms, IL, 85.
GRIMMINCR, mnaa, L, 258. GrimpatU, I., 475. GRIMTHORP, arm«, IL, 288. GRIMTHORPB, amu, IL, 98. GringoU, L, 475. Gringolie, Cross, I., 170. Gringoly, or Gringolee, L, 429. GRIONl, arvis, I., 297. GROBBENDONCK, VAN, anns, L, 198. GROBY. WILLIAM DB FBRRBR8, Lord of, arms and «u|>porto*«, 1 1., 275. GROIN, arms, L, 77. GROLEE, DE, arms, IL, IS; motto,
884. GRONSFIELD, County of, arms, L,
202. GROONENDYCK, arms, I., 886. GROSCHLAO, DIB, arms, IL, 49. GROSE, MilUary Antiquities, IL, 807. GROSVBNOR, arms, L. 189, 859; PI.
XXXIIL, fig. 18, p. 852. Dukeof WESTMINSTER, aniu, I., 859. „ and SCROPE, Contio-
reray, L, 359; IL, 27. GROTE, Oeschichtt der Weijlschen Stamm-
wappen, IL, 91, 276. GROUCHES, arms, L, 188. GRUBEN, arms, L, 406. GRUDNA-GRUDZINSKI, DB, arTM, L,
376. Grue, I., 475.
GRUNBERG, arms, IL. 899. Grunenberg Armorial, IL, 286. GRONECK, see SCHMID. GRUTEL, arms, L, 80. GRYF. arms, I., 802. GRYNS, ar^ns, L, 214. Gryphon as a charge, I., 299.
,, -viariiU, I., 303. Grypishey, L, 300. GRZYMALA, ai-ms, L, 376. GUALTERI, arms, L, 142. GUALTIERI, AVARNA, Dukes of, arm*,
L, 184. Guardant, L, 429.
GUASTALLA, duchy, arms, IL, 194. GUASTO, Marquises of. arms, IL, 162, GUE, DU, Vicomtesde M^USSUAUMB,
arm*. L, 152. GUELDERS, Duchy of, arm», L, 108 ; IL, 46, 92, 115, 387. ,, MARY of, sfol, IL, 96.
GUELDRB, Armorials of the Herald,
IL, 8. GUBLDRES, GERARD IV., Count of, anns, II. , 46. „ RENAUD, Duke of, arvM,
IL, 46. GUBLPH, anns, L, 112. GUELPHIC, iiuignia, IL, 85. GU^NONVILLE. see GUETTBVILLE. GUESCLIN, BERTRAND DU, arms, L, 265 ; IL, 77 ; arms, PI. XIL, fig. 1, p. 184 ; crest, 237 ; supporters, 278. GUESPBRBAU, arms, L, 297. GUETTEVILLB DB GU^NONVILLE,
arms, L, 82, 869. Gutules, I., 475. „ de, I., 06. ,, pltin, I., 78. GUEVARA, arms, I., 142.
( 464 )
OUBVARA, J BAN DB, Comte d',
ARIANO, wreath, II., 248. OUIART, OUILLAUME, qaoted, II.,
811. GUIBBRT, anM, I., 865. GUIGGIARDINI, arnu, I.. 402. GUICHB, GRAHONT, Dno de, amw, I., 227.
,, LA, aniM, I., 154.
GUICHBNON, HUtoire QhuiOogiqut de la
Maiaon de Savage, II., 68, 204, 205,
278. Guidon, I., 475 ; II., 806, 429. GUIBNNB, amui in, I., 112 ; XL, 72, 151. GUIGARD, AnMHvl du BibliopkUe^ 1.,
68, 187 ; II., 82, 25S. GUILDFORD, JOHN of, quoted, I., 222. GUILLAUD, aniw, I.. 75. OUILLAUMB, DB, Seigneurs de Mont-
pellier, II., 404. OUILLIH, A DiitjylavorHeraUbf, L, 72,
199, 237 ; IL, 10, 110, 149, 156. OUILLOU DE LA LARDAI8, amu, I.,
122. GUINAND, or»M, I., 291. GUINBS, Counta and Dukes of, amu, I.,
80. GUIOT DE DOIGNON, Marquenedh arms, L, 277. „ PONTBIL, Counte, arnu, I.,
n
277.
GUIPUSCOA, ProTinoe, arm*, I., 882. OUISGARD, n., 405. GUI8TI, arnu, L, 00.
,, mpporter, II. , 286. GUISTINIANI, amis, I., PI. XXVIIL,
fig. 2, p. 256. ,, Francesco, amis, II.
158. „ quoted, II., 157.
Ouitar as a charge, I., 899. GUITB, ROBIN DE, supporters, 11.,
278. GUITON, Vicomtes de, amis, L, 403. GUITRY, Marquis de.arnut, II., 812. GUITTARDY, amis, I., 899. GUITTON, a»»w, I., 399. Ouivri, I., 429, 475.
„ Cross, I., 170. GUIZOT, amis, I., 136. GUJAN, arms, L, 215. GULDINEN, lambrequin, IL, 248. Oults, I., 66, 72, 429. „ field alone, I., 73. „ or Red, L, PI. IIL, fig. 3, p. 66. „ Origin of word, I., 87. ,, represented by iwrpendicular lines, I., 7L Ownine, I., 475. Gun stone, I., 429. GtJNDEL, anus, II., 167. GUNDRICHINO, amis, 1., 100. GUNDRIPHBN, arvis, L, 315. GUNNING, amis, I., 382. Gunstoiie, I., 201. GUNTHER, Emperor of the Romans,
seal, I., 259. GUNTHBRU9, quoted, I., 256. Gurget, L, 204, 420; PI. XXIL, fig. 6, p.
196. GURNET, ar}ns, L, 162 ; II., 87.
JOAN DE, IL, 87. GUR0W8KI, Gounte, amis, IL, 164. GURWOOD, arms, I., 146.
><
ii
(?u«€e^L.429.
GUSTAVUS ADOLPHU8, Kins of
SWEDEN, IL, 167, 207, 412. GUTAK0W8KI, Counts, etrnu, L, S7S. GUTHRIE of Hawkertoan, amu, I..
229. OulUd'eau, L.Pl. IX., fig. 12, p. 106. Guttjf, or G%ttie, L, 429. GUTENNE, arms. IL, 318. GUYOT D'ANFREVILLB, arms, L»
861. Ovzes. I., 201, 429.
GUZMAN, ar7HS, L, 289, 406 ; IL, ISl ; Pi. X., fig. 1, p. 140. •ALONZO PEREZ DE, IL, 38L
Count of, TBRA, arws, I., 405. crest, IL, 882. „ DukesofMBDINA-SIDONIA, amu. L, 405 ; vaaUo, IL, 881. GWRGANT, see JB8TYN. GYLDENHOFF, Baron*, arms, L. S32. GYLDENLOVE, arms, IL, 20(n
„ CHRISTIBRN, IL, 207.
GYLLENHJELM, Barons, arms, IL, PI.
XIX., fig. 8, p. 192. ,, KARL, anm, IL, 207.
GYLLENSKJOLD, IL, 412. GYLLEN8PARRB, IL, 412. GYLLENSTJERNA, IL, 412. GYNES, INGELRAM DE. anus, L. 79. Oyron, I., 174, 177, 429; PI. XIX., fig. 5, p. 176. „ The, fig. 50, L, 125, 126. Oyrons, I., PL XIX., fig. 6, p. 176. Oyronny, L, 98, 429.
rharged, L, PI. XVIIL, fig. 8, p. 158. of eight, L, PI. VL, fig. 1, p^ 94. „ six, L, PI. VL, fig. 3, p. 94. „ „ twelve, I., PL VL, fig. 2, p. 94.
HAAG, Counts, arms, I., 131 ; IL, 58. HAARLEM, Cathedral at, L, 145. HAAS, ai7N«, I., 250. Habergeon.,!., 429. HABBR8T0CK, ai-nu, L, 813. HabilU, L, 475. JIabite<t, I., 429. Hache-DanoiH, L, 475. Haehanens, I., 475.
HACKE, anns, L, PL XXXL, fig. 4, p. 822.
., Baron, arms, I., 828. Backe, I., 429. HADDINGTON, RAMSAY, ViMOunt,
ainns, II. , 155. HADELN, Barons, amu, L, 406. HADRIAN, coin, L, 345. HAEFTBN, Barons Ton, amu, L, 129. HAEGE, TEU, aniu, L, 209. HAEHNEL, amu, I., 322. HAERSOLTE, Barons van, amu, L, 150. HAEZE, LOUIS DE, amu, IL, 197. HAGEN, arms, L, 171 ; IL, li>7 ; motto,
388. HAHN, Counts, arms, L, 277. Haie, L, 429. HAIG, amu, L, PI. X., fig. 5, p. 116.
„ of Bemersyde, arwu, L, 115, 116. HAINAULT, arms, IL, 75, 201.
BALDWIN, Ooani of,
seat, L, 50; arms, 11. , 99.
i>
( 465 )
HAINAULT, BALDWIN V., Cteunt of, II., 76 ; banner, 800. ,, Counts of, amUf 1., 108.
badffe, II., 220. „ FLOKBNT of, aniu, II.,
40;'o««(, 829; fupportei', 274. „ JEAN D'AVESNBS, Count
of, II., 88. „ MARGARET, Conntew of,
ucU, I., 64. „ „ of, $ealt II.,
78. „ Qneen PHILIPPA of, II.,
220; atiMt 819; thkUi, 77. „ WILLIAM of. Count of
HOLLAND. II., 820; $eal,75, 80. HAIR, HUMAN, «M a charge, L, 215. HALBERSTADT, arms, II., 830. Balbert, L, 429. Halberts <u ehargea, I., 365. HALBERT8TADT, Principality and
Bishopric of, arm*, I., 88. HALDERMANSTETEN, VON, ann$, I.,
97 ; PI. VI., fig. 7, p. 04. HALES, amu, L, 8(i7. HALEWIJN, arm*, I., 236. Halitant, I., 475. HALKETT, arm*, I., 157. HALLAM, Middle Age*, I., 45. HALLOFTE, arm*, I., 194. HALLOT, MONTMORENCY, arm*, II.,
62. HALS, Counts of, arm*, II., 91. HALYBURTON, Sir GAUTHIBR, lam- brequin, II., 245. HAMBROEK, VAN, ai-m*, I.. 134. HAMBURG, City, arm*, 1., 296,
877. HAMELINAYE, Viscount, JAN DE LA,
arm*, I., 284. HAMELYN, arm*, L, 106. HAMERLEIN, IL, 170. Name*, I., 429. Hamayde, I., 475.
HAMILTON, arm*, L, 340, 885; PI. XXXIIL, fig. 1, p. 352; IL, 6, 154. Duke of, mantling, II., 250. Earl of ABERCORN, arm*,
IL, 15, JOHN, son of WALTER, ann», II., 39. ,, lirenf, II., 374.
„ Lonl BARGENY, armf,
II., 192. MarqnesB of, 1 1., 192. motto, II., 388. of Blair, arm*, II., 192 „ Caimo, arm*, II., 88. „ Colquot, ariM, I., 197. „ Clydesdale, Sir JOHN, IL, 192. „ „ Fynnart, Sir JAMES,
arm*, IL, 191. ,, ,, Innerwick, arm*, II.,
39. ,, „ Neilsland, ami*, I., 181 ;
II. , 82. ,, „ Presmennan, arm*, II. ,
32. „ „ Prsston and Fingalton,
arm*, II. , 192.
VOL. IL
II
II 11 II II i» II
II
II
HAMILTON of Bamuelston, arm*, IL,
192. ffamiuei'* a* charge*, I., 408. HAMNER, arm*, I., 288. HAMPDEN, motto, IL, 386. HAMPTON, arm*, IL, 87.
PHILIP, *eal, IL, 87. HANAU, Connteof, ann*, I., 150, 179. HANCOCK, arm*, I., 76. HAND, a* a charge, I. 217.
„ BLESSING, a* a charge, I., 217. Handled, I., 429. HANE DB STEENHUY8B, Counts d',
ariji*, I., 303. HANNET, Baronn, a}-m*, L, 170. HANOVER, ELECTORS of, antu, L, 249, 396; IL, 147, 188, 255, 329 ; PI. XXVI., figs. 9 and 10, p. 380 ; cociatU, 877. HANSON, aeat, IL, 248. HAPS BURG, Counto of, ai-m*, I., 225,
258 ; IL, 89, 128, 131, 279, 335. HARCHIES, GERARD D', *upportert,
II. 280. HARCbURT, arm*, IL, 69, 62.
„ JAMES, Comte de LON-
GUEVILLE, II., 150. ,, Seigneur de PAR- THEN AY, IL, 150. JEAN D', *uppoi'ter*, II.,
279. RICHARD DE, arms, 1 1., 10.
, „ Sir JOHN, arm*, II., 10.
HARD, CounU of, amvi, IL, l»5. HARDBEANE, ai-m*, I., 361. HARDENBERG, Count, arm*, IL, 166. hardi, I., 475. HARDING, arm*, L, PI., XIV., fig. 3, p.
146. HARDINGE, artn*, IL, 154. HARDY, GATUORNE, IL, 398. Hare, 1., PI,, XXVIL, fig. 7, p. 250. Hare a* a charge, I., 250.
,, Sea-, a* a charge, L, 314. HARE, YAOtto, IL, 386. HARENBERG, Hi*toria Eccle*im Gander-
*heimtiun*, I., 61. HAREWOOD, LASCELLES, Earls of,
arm*, I., 166. HARFORD, arm*, IL, 34. HARGENVILLERS, arm*, L, 82. HARLAN D, Sir ROBERT, arm*, I., 315. HARLEIAN, M8., I., 67, 176, 199, 402, 403; IL, 214, 216, 217, 220, 222, 305, 324. „ Roll, IL, 50.
HARLESTON, ann*, L, 139; PI. XII.,
fig. 12, p. 1.34. HARLEWIN, <\rm», L, 121. HARLEY, ainm, I., 183 ; PI. XII L, fig. 10, p. 140. „ Earl of OXFORD, ai-m*, I., 143.
HAROUti, BOYSLBV^, Marquis d',ann»,
L, 155. Harp a* a charge, L, 899. HARPB, LA, arm*, I., 400. HARPEN, aniu, I., 400. HARPER, motto, 1 1., 385. HARPHAM, arm*, I., 400. HARPSFIBLD, arm*, L, 400. Harpy, I., 430.
,, a* a charge, I., 810.
2 H
( 466 )
II II II
HARRAGH, Counta of, nmu, I., 275. HARRINGTON, arms, I., 192. HARRIS, Lord, arnu, II., 154. HARSDORF, BaronB, at^m, I., 376. J/aH, L, 480.
Hart, white, as a badgii, II., 21C. HART, iupporUr, I., 3(W. Ilartn as cfuirpes, I., 244. HARTROTT.an/w, II., 167. HARTZHEIM, an#M, I., PI. V., fig. 12, p. 88. , „ VoN, anus, I., 98.
Harvett'fljf,!., 430. HARVEY, cT««e, II., 187. . HA8ENBERG, Baron, I., 144. HASTINGS, arms, I., 392 ; PI. XXXVIL, fig. 1, p. 894; badffe, II., 400, 401. Earl of H UNTING DON, oniw,
I. 392 EDMUND of, arnu, II., 15. EDWARD, l^rd, II., 213. HENRY DB, ai-ma, 1., 392. „ JOHN DB, Earl of PEM-
BROKE, anm, II., 100. „ SIR HUGH, pninon, 11., 301.
„ and GREY, controversy, I.,
883; II., 15, 141. J/atehetH as chnrgen, I., 409. Hatchment, I., 430. HATHERTON, Lord, supporter, II.,
296. J/ats as charges, I., 390, 407. HATTON, urtM, 1., 359, 360. HATZFELD, Count« of, arms, I., 268. Hanbtrk, I., 430. HAUCKE, Countem JULIA VON, II.,
143. HAUDION, Count de WYNBGHEM,
arwM, I., 194. HAULTEPENNE, Barons d', amis, I.,
850. Hauriant, I., 281, 283, 430. Jiaussc, I., 430, 475. Haussee, I., 161. HAUSSMANN, Baron, arms, L, 371 ; PL
XXXVL, fig. 1, p. 380. HAUS80NV1LLE, de CLAIRON, Comte
de, arms, I., U'9. HAUTEFORT,«u;>p<M««T«, II., 282. HAUTIN, arms, I., PI. VI., fig. 8, p. 94. „ DE, I.*, 98.
HAUTOT, anus, I., 240. HAUTPENNE, Barons de, amu, I.,
122. HAVERING, uruis, I., 227. HAVESQUERQUB, arms, XL, 128, HAVBT, ste CIIARDON. HAWKER, arms, I., 273 ; PL XXVII L,
flg. 0, p. 256. HAWKESWORTH, Sir JOHN, sup-
porters, II., 284. Hawk's bells, I., PJ. XXVIIL, fig. 8, p. 256. „ atul jessfs, J., iSO. „ as charges, I., 390. lure, 1., 430. HAWLEY, arms, I., 90. J/ay-fork,!., 430.
HAY, arms, I., 179 ; PI. XXIL, flg. 12, p. 196; IL, 6, IL „ JOHANNA DE LA, supporUr, IL, 275.
II II II
HAY, JOHN, artHM, IL, 38. ,, of Bojne, arms, IL, 11. ,, „ Broxmoutb, amu, IL, 11. „ „ Fudie, aitns, IL, 39. „ ,, Leys, arms, IL, 11. ,, MarqueM of TWBEDDALE, ttrvu,
I L, 138 ; PL IX., fig. 4, p. 186. „ of TillibotbU, bordure, IL , 30. „ Sir JOHN DB LA, an»j, I., 826.
Earl of KINNOULL, aitns, IL, 156. HAYA, EVA, wife of WILLIAM DB, I.,
179. HAYB, JEAN DE LA, arms, L, 321.
MALAGUET, LA, ar»i«, L. 381. HAYM8BBRG, Counts of, anus, II., IS. Hazel leaves, I., PL XXXIL, fig. 7, p. 836.
,, as charges, I., 337.
HAZELRIGG, anus, I., 887 ; PL XXXIL,
fig. 7, p. 886. Heads, L, 480.
,, conjoined, L, PL XXIIL, fig. 5, p. 206. HEARD, Sir ISAAC, IL, 244. HEARNE, Curious Imcourse; IL, 171. HeaH, L, PI. XXIIL, fig. 12, p. 206. HEART, HUMAN, as a charge^ L, 214. HEATHCOTE, anns, L, PL XXIL, fig. 4, p. 196. „ Lord AVELAND, arms,
L, 204. HECKB, VAN DEN, amu, I., lOO. Hedge, L, PL XXXIL, flg. 11, p. 336. Hedgehog as a charge, I., 251. Hedges on charges, L, 381. HBDWIG, Queen of POLAND, sea/, IL,
84. HED WORTH, artns, L, 151. HBECKEREN, Barons, arms, L, 152. HEERDT, Coants, amu, I., 140. HEERNESSE, see CLOBPS. HBFNBR-ALTENECK, quoted, L. 46;
IL, 230. HEIDEGK, an^ur, L, 277. Heiligenscheine, L, 256. HEIM, Barons VAN DER, anns, I., 248. HBIN, anns, I.. 281. HEINBURG, Barons, anas, I., ISS. HELCHNBR, anus, I., PL VIL, fig. 11,
D. 98. HELCK, VAN DER, anna, L, 291. HELENA, Princess, laM, fig. 6, IL, 20,
28 HELFBNSTEIN, Coants von, arms, I.,
243. HBLLBN, VAN DER, amu, L, 388. HELLENES, Kings of Uie, IL, 110. Helm, IL, 227.
Helnut, L, PI. XXXIV., fig. 4, p. 864. ,, cylindrical, L, 33. „ Aomutn, conical, I., 38. Helmets as charges, I., 365. „ figs. 81 and S2, L, 861. „ figs. 83, 84, 85, I., 866. ,, for different ranlo, II. , 230. 231. Hemp-brake, I., 480. HENDERSON, anns, L, 111 ; PL XVII.,
II
fig. 6, p. 156. of Fordel,
arms, L, 158. HENEAGE, Sir THOMAS, badae, II. .
218. HENEMA, amu, IL, 899. HBNLINGTON, anns, L, 199.
( 467 )
II Ji
HENNBBERG, Goanta of, arms, I., 277;
II. 833 331. IISNNIN, 'Com'te de BOSSU, ai-mt, I.,
140. 386. HENRI IV., King of FRANCE, II., 370,
406. HBNRION, Baron de PAX8EY, arni*, I.,
291. HENRIQUEZ, aruis, II., 130.
., Dakea of UEDINA DEL
RIO 8EC0, amu, II., 202. HBNRT, Cardinal-Ring of PORTUQAL, II., 132, „ Emiieror, II., 204. „ I., Emperor, Ma/, I., 345;
crown, II., 259. „ I., KinK of ENGLAND, I., 131 ;
II., 177, 318. „ I. , King of FRANCE, sceptre and
eroien, I., 346. „ I., King of NAVARRE, I..
371. ,, II., Emjieror, eroipn, II., 259. „ II., King of CASTILE, II.,
208. „ II., King of ENGLAND, I., 41, 45; arni», IL, 817, 318, 819. „ II., King of FRANCE, I., 173, 324 ; II., 82, 194 : eroKn, 258. „ II., King of FRANCE, Death of,
I., 41. ,, II., King of FRANCE, auppor- tn-t, II., 282. III., Emperor, ual, I., 255. III., King of ENGLAND, L, 26, 64, 89, 132, 179, 205, 221, 257, 305, 349, 362 ; IL, 9, 10, 17, 33, 36, 44, 177, 319. „ IIL, King of ENGLAND, badge,
II., 214. „ III., King of FRANCE, nippor- tei'gf II. , 282. IIL, Roll o/, IL, 35, 43, 44, 72. „ IIL, Secotul Roll of, IL, 86.
IV., a^-Mis iA, IL, PI. XXV., fig.
4, p. 320. IV., King of ENGLAND, IL, 15, 79, 179, 216, 221, 320, 349. „ TV., king of ENGLAND, oniW, IL, 321. IV., King of ENGLAND, hadgt,
IL, 217. IV., King of ENGLAND, erown,
1 1., 256. IV. King of ENGLAND, Hal, I., 348. , , IV., King of ENGLAN D, iuppor- ter», 1 1., 824. IV., King of FRANCE, IL, 194, 827, 370, 406; sapporten, 282. „ v.. King of ENGLAND, L, 222,
899. „ v.. King of ENGLAND, IL, 95,
&21. „ v.. King of ENGLAND, badge, 1 1. 222. v., king of ENGLAND, froicn, 1 1., 255. „ v., King of ENGLAND, ttan- dard, IL, 216,217.
II
II
II
11
II
i« II
It
II
II
II
HENRY v.. King of ENGLAND, auppor- tern, IL, 825. v., King of FRANCE, 1 1., 24. VL, King of ENGLAND, L, 326,
348, 852. VL, King of ENGLAND, IL, 321, 322. „ VL, King of ENGLAND, ftiuiye,
1 1. 222. „ VL,king*of ENGLAND, croirn, IL, 256. VI. , King of ENGLAND, gnmto letters of Nobility, I., 11. , , VI. , King of ENGLAN D, mppor-
tert, XL, 325. „ VIL, Emperor, IL, 157.
VIL, King of ENGLAND, L,
116, 343; IL, 95, 101, 218, 225,
249, 307, 323.
„ VIL, Kingof ENGLAND, 6a/i<7<?,
II. 223.
VI LJ 'King of ENGLAND, itan-
dard, I., 305. VIL, King of ENGLAND,
*i'Pporter$, 1 1., 325. VI IL, King of ENGLAND, L, 284, 298, 392, 399; II. , 19, 20, 49, 150, 151, 180, 181, 222, 269, 305, 823, 324, 364. VIIL, King of ENGLAND, araw of wives of, IL, 150. „ VIIL, King of ENGLAND,
badge, IL, 214, 223. „ VIIL, King of BNG LAND, coim, I., 46. VIIL, King of ENGLAND,
croini, II.,256. VIIL, King of ENGLAND,
privy teal, II. , 221. VIIL, King of ENGLAND, •tan-
dfiid, I., 305. VIIL, King of ENGLAND, »upjx>rto-t, IL, 326. „ motto, II. , 380.
the Fowler, I., 21, 32, 42.
,, LegtB Hastiludiales,
L,31. ,, the Lion, $eal, I., 51. Neil* at charges, I. , 277. HBPBURN, antu, I., 148 ; IL, 191.
of Bolton, PATRICK, arnu,
IL, 52. PATRICK, Earl of BOTH- WELL, amis, IL. 52. „ seal, IL, 30.
,, ,, wreath, IL, 248.
Herald, Origin of word, L, 1. Herald ami Oenealogtst, I., 11, 18, 47, 54,
80, 97, 120, 124, 141, 185, UK), 285. Heralds, Duties of, L, 1. HERBERSTEIN, Count of, arms, L,
147 ; IL, 112. HERBERT, anns, L, 236; badge, II. , 401. CHARLES, aruis, II. , 186. of Cardiff, WILLIAM, Lord, arms, IL, 184. „ Sir RICHARD, IL, 184.
,, WILLIAM, Earl of PEM-
BROKE, arms, IL, 184. HERCULES, IL, 282. HEREFORD, Earls of, badge, 1 1., I 276.
It
II
II
II
II
II
II
II
II
( 468 )
ti
M
It
HEREFORD, HUMPHRETDE BOHUN, Barl of, arnu, IL, 100, 820. MILO FITZW^LTER,
Earl of, oi'm*, I., 144. FUREFOY, Bishop of,
an)M, I., 21P, RICHARD, Earl of, II.,
82. See of, arau, I., PI. XXV.,
fig. 11, p. 234. THOMAS DE CANTE- LUPE, Biahop of, arnu, I., 238. „ Viacoant, iupporterM, I.,
245 HERGOTT, Monumenta Auttrke, I.,
255. HERINGAUD, arm$, I., 2S]. HBRIPONT, or»i», I., 139. hh-iui, L, 475. Hl^RISSON, ai-nif, I., 251. HiriMonne, I., 475. HERKLOTS, anM, I., 209. Hennine-Contrf, I., 75. „ Croix d', I., 475. M d\ I., 75. HERODOTUS, T., 285. Beron as a charpe, I., 274. HERON, anM, I., 275.
,, of East (Thiokley, arwu, II., 54. HERONDON, a^ui*, I., 275. HERRBNBERO, Cotinta of, arnu, I.,
389. HERRIRS, ann», I., 251 ; PI. XXVH., fig. 10, p. 250. „ MAXWELL, Lord, anuM, II.,
16. Sir HUGH, aniu, II., 155. WILLIAM, brother of Sir ROBERT, ami*, II., 193. H(rr%ng$ an charjKS, I., 281. Hti-rUon, I., PI. XXVII., fig. 10, p.
250. HERSCHEL, Sir JOHN, arui$, I., 327. Hern, I., 430, 475. ,, ai a charge, I., 882. ,, 9ara*ine, I., 382, 475. HERTBNSTEIX, Count* von, ann», I.,
74. HERTFORD, Marqneiw of, II., 187. HERTZ BERG, nee DORNBERG. HERVILLY DE MALAPERT, arms, I.,
121. HERVEY, JOHN, on««, I., 388.
,, Marqueu of BRISTOL, aruui,
[., 888 ; PI. XXX IL, fig. 10, p. SSO. HERZEELE, MarquiMS of FAULQUEZ,
ann*, I., 147. HESHUY8ENS, arnu, I., 214; PL
XXIIL, fig. 11, p. 206. HE8ME, arm*, I., 161. HESSE, ALICE, Grand Duchowof, label, fig. 4, IL, 20, 23. „ ann*, II., 205, 341; a-e»t, 237. „ eockaiU, IL, 377.
•DARMSTADT, Prince ALEX- ANDER of, arnu, 1 1., 148. Grand Dukes of, arnu, I., 288. HOMBURG. ELIZABETH, Land-gravine of, label, fig. 0, IL, 20, 22. „ House of, IL, 110.
It •»
II
II 11
HB8SB, LE LANDGRAVE DE, arm*, IL. PL XL, fig. 5, p. 144.
, , Marks of Illegitimacy is , 1 1. , 805. HEUVEL, VAN DEN, <u-wu, L, 15A. HB\TLBR, aiiHM, IL, PL XIV., fig. S, p.
162. Htytrling, L, PL XXL, fig. 11, p. 188. HSYLYN, Utlp to Engluh Hutoty, IL,
20, 181. HEYTESBURY, aruu and bad^e, IL,
288. HICKMAN, arutg, L, PL V., fig. S, p. 88. „ Earl of PLYMOUTH, arm*,
L, 89. me. I., 475.
HILDBBRAND, Det Svttula RUtvapnrt,
L, 55, 852, 895, 404; 1 1., 110, 273. ,, ffercUduehea MntteHnuh,
L, 338; IL, PL XXL, figs. 1, 5, 6,
7, 10, p. 280. HILDESHEIM, Bi<<hopric and Prin-
cipality of, arm*, L, 88. HILGBRS, amu, L, 148; PL- XIV., fig.
5, p. 146. HILINGER, arm*, L, 838; PL XVIIL,
fig. 12, p. 158. 2?i7/, L, PI. XXXL. fig. 9, p. 822.
„ mUoct, L, 430. HILL, aniM, L, 822. HILLIARD, motto, IL, 386. tinted, L,4S0. HILTON, arm*, L, 854; $upporter9, 1 1.,
284. HILTPRAXDT, oi*»w, IL, 399. Hind, L, 480.
HINDER, DIE, arm*, L, 285. HINDBRSKIRCHEN, ann*, I., 404. Hind* <u charge*, I. , 244. HINSBERO, ar»u, I., PL XXXL, fig. 9,
p. 822. HINTLYNTON, WILLIAM DB, arnu, I.,
199. Hirondellt*, I., 278. HIRSCHBERG, Barons von, arm*, L,
245. HITCHCOCK, arm*, L, 291. HJ0RT8H0RN, IL, 412. HOBART, arm*, L, PL XIX., fig. 7, p. 176. „ Earl of BUCKINGHAM-
SHIRE, arm*, L, 196, 270. HOBOSCU, arm*, I., 195. HOCHART, ann*, L, 239. HOGHBURG, Barons, antu, 1 1., 160. HOCHENEGG, Counts VON, arnu and
MUpporter*, IL, 286. HOCH REUTERS, a nut, L, 313. HODENPYL, antu, 1 1., 201. HOEGHOLM, HOEGKS, Barons of, arm*.
L, 319. HOEGKS, Barons of HOEGHOLM, arm*.
1., 319. HOENS, Barons, arm*, L, 200. HOEPING, qnoted, I., 19 ; IL, 99. HOETIMA, arm*, L, 122. HOFREITER DE DACHAU, arm*. I.,
202. H0HEN-EMB8, Conntv arnu, IL, 121. „ -GER0LD8ECK, Coonty, arms,
IL, 118. HOHENBERG, tt)iiM, IL, PL XV., fig. i,
£. 168. ENECK, Lordship of, arm*, IL, 114.
( 469 )
H0HENBAU8EB, amu, I., 281. HOHBNLOHB, Princes of, antu, I.,
2d0w HOHBNSTBIN, GonnteM of, II., 143.
Ht THUN. HOHBNWALDECK VON MAXELRAIN,
Gounto, ar»M, II., 136. HOHENZOLLERN, aruu, I., 02,2«6, 896 ;
II. 118, 165, 166,
818, 830, 331, 388,
837, 341.
„ FREDERICH of, I.,
26C.
HOHNSTEIN, Cottnts of, anwt, II., 92,
118. HOJA, ariM, II., 831, 332. HOLAND, artM, I., 229. HOLBEACH, ami*, I., 146. HOLBERG, »uiiport€r», I., 309. HOLLAND, Admirals of, anm^ II., 293. ALICE of, ual of, IL, PI. II.,
f>
M
>l
>>
fig. 6, t).J8.
ti
II
I)
BUter of WILLIAM of, mo/, II., 83. artM, I., 64, 111, 228, 229, 257, 259, 263 ; PI. IX., fig. 2, p. 106; PI. XXIV.. fig. 1, p. 224; II., 25, 77, 320; batlgtf 400 ; cockade, 377. Counts of, ciutiffn, I., 221 ;
an>M, II., 201, 225. Death of FLORIS, Gount of,
L, 4L Duke of, II., 217. Dnkes of SURREY and
KENT, a) MM, IL, 148. FLORENT, Connt of, #up. porter, II., 275. „ v., Count of,
Mcrehnn, I., 257. JACQUELINE, ConntoM of,
wal, II., 77. JOHN, Duke of EXETER,
arMM, 1 1., 93. MARGARET, Conniesa of, it*'(U, I., 64 ; IL, 76. „ Sovereign
Countess of, ieeretum, I., 259. Sir THOMAS, IL, 27. THOMAS, Earl of KENT, annMf II. , 27, 109; badpe, 216; se(Uf 94; supporter», 277. WILLIAM, Connt of, L, 257. ,, III., Count of,
supporters, IL, 275. „ „ of HAINAULT,
Connt of, 1 1., 820. HOLLIS. Earl of CLARE, arnu, I., 157. HOLLOFTE, arnut, L, 194. Hot t If leave* a* charge*, I., 887. HOLME, quoted, IL, 185.
„ liANDLE, quoted, L, 202. HOLNSTEIN AU8 BAYERN, Counts of,
arm*, 1 1., 205. HOLSTEIN, urnu^ IL, 136, 327, 387, 839, 840. „ see STAEL.
H0LT8LER, arvM, I., 390.
It 11
11 11
II II
It
HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE, cromxi, IL,
259 HOLYOAKE, artM, L, PI. XIV., flg. 8,
1). 146. HOLYROOD HOUSE, ABBEY OF; teol,
I., 245. HOMBURG, a)-»M, L, PI. XXXVI,, ilg. 6, p. 880; IL, 831,882. ,, Lordship, armg, L, 375.
HOME, arvM, L, 227, 277 ; II. , 10. Earls of, aniu, I., 180. JAMES, Earl of, IL, 106. of Goldlngknowes, JOHN, 1 1., 106.
„ THOMAS, Earl of, IL, 106. HOMER, Iliad, L, 19.
„ Otlffuey, L, 816. nomme-marin, L, 476. HOMPESCH, VON, IL, 364. HONDT, DE, on)M, L, 258. HONN, Jks Ilause Sachten Wuppent und
Geachlechts Untn'nuehtmff, IL, 70. Jlonneur, Point d', L, 476. H0N0RIU8, Pope, I., 257. HONOUR, THE LEGION OF, II., 369. Honour point, L, 65. HOO, Lords, anus, L, 92.
,, ,, sv.pportti'B, L, 310.
HOOD, Baron, supporter, I., 314.
,, Viscount, ntpporterM, L, 817. Hooded, L, 430. Hoofed, I., 430.
HOOGSTRAETE, Me BORLUNT. HOOG VOORST, Barons d', ar,n$, I., 409;
IL, 97. HOOLA, arnu, I., 193. HOOLES, motto, II. , 884. HOOP, Barons Tan der, aritit, L, 887. Hooped, I., 430.
HOPE, arnu, I., 202; PI., XXIL, flg. 2, p. 196. erejft, IL, 242.
Stall plates of Knights qfthe Garter. I 69 * II 232 HOPBTOUN.'Earl'of, artM, XL, .53. HOPING, De Jure InMignium, IL, 170. h6pITAL DE VITRY, Marquises de,
aiiHM, L, 277. Hop-poles as a charge, I., 836. HORACE, de Arte Poetiea, L, 816. HORBURY, Sir JOHN, aruu, I., 188. Horn, Hunting, L, 480. ,, Ufa stag, L, 430. HORN, Count of, L, 108.
„ Princes, arnu of, I., 401. HORNBERG, see HORNECK. HORNECK DE HORNBERG, Barons,
anus, I., 401. Homed, I., 480. Horns as charges, L, 400, 401. HORNING, ai-itis, L. 354. HORROCK, uiotto, IL, 887. Horse, I., PL, XXVIl., flg. i>, p. 250. cu a charge, I., 249.
It II
II
,, Sea-, as a charge, L, 314.
,, shoes as cfiorges, L, 372.
Horseman^ L, PI., XXIIL, flg. 3, p.
206. HORSEMAN, anns, L, 869. HOSPITALLERS OF ST. JOHN OP
JERUSALEM, ORDER OF THE
KNIGHTS, a^-ias, L, 152; IL, 301,
863. HOTMAN, anns, I., 158.
( 470 )
HOUAREE, $u BRIS.
HOUBLON8, a,Hif, I., 83«.
HOUGH IN, Maiquu de LONOASTRE,
nmu, I., 194. HOUDETOT, MarqaisM de, anm, f.,
240. HOUGHTON, «n>M, I., 138. HOULDSWORTH, wurfto, II., 384. HovMe a$ a ehargf, I., 379. Hoit4nte, T., 476.
HOUTHEM, Barons ran, ariM, I., 78. HOUVEN, Barons ron der, ariiif, I., 308. VAN OORDT, VAX DER, omu, H., 98. HOVBN, VAN DER, annif, I., 372. HOWARD, annf, I., PI. XX., flg. II, p. 180; II., 55, 102, 152; batlye, 401. „ Duke of NORFOLK, artui,
II., 45. ELIZABETH, IL, 151. KATHARINE, antu, II.,
324. LADY CATHERINE, «r»a,
IL, 152. THOMAS, Duke of NOR- FOLK, IL, 181 ; ariM, 149. HOWELL, arnit, L, PI. XXVIII., fig. 7, p. 256. „ Bishop, a>'7iM, I., 273.
HOWTH, Eflrl of, aritt, I., ,S10.
„ ST. LAURENCE, Earl of, arnUf I., 315. HOZIER, D', L'Annorial Gineral de
Fiance, II. , 209, 407. HRZISTIE, $(€ SKRBENSKY. HUBBERT8TY, aeM, IL, 243. HUBERMONT, MONTMORENCY- D',
(K-nu, IL, 62. Jfurhet, L, 476.
HUEBER, AiiJitvia Ex Archivis MtVL c(nnbv» IluUrata, II., 89, 100, 22S, 229, 287, 249, 279, 300, 302, HUGH THE GREAT, Dtikeof FRANCE,
IL, 404. HUGHES, a)wi«, I., 22(1.
guit-foil, L, 481. U
XLES, anus, L, 156. HULME, F. E., Mifth Land, L, 304. HUI^E, antu, L, 157 ; PI. XVIJ., fig. 7,
)). 156. HCLSEN, anus, L, 158. HUL8T, iiwuumnU, IL, 268.
„ VAN DER, ai-MA, L, 3.".7. Huhian bodii a* a charge, I., 212. ,, html as a charge, L, 212. t» flg I' re as a charge, I., 206. HUMBEKE, LE COCQ, Connto de, arms,
L, 277. HUME, arim, L, 227, 277 ; IL, 10 HUM IE RES, Marquis d', avuis, L, 92,
lOfi 189. '
HltMMELBERG, Barons of, anns, II.,
84. HUMMEL8, anus, I., 2i»6. Hv.minttty, L, 183, 431.
„ crass, L, 162. HUMMETY WILLIAM DE, Hal, I., 67. HUND VON SALHBIM. ar„i*, U., 49. HUNDE8C0TE, a:r^}m, I., 180. HUNDT, Baron, on»i«, L, 253. HUNGARY, arms, IL, 89, 90, 120, 134,
160, 815, 821, 835.
HUNGARY- ANCIENT, anw*, IL, 120. ,, Kings of, crown, IL, 260.
„ Mantling \ix, IL, 251.
HUNGERFORD, badge, IL, 212, 401.
SirROBERT, sea/, IL, 212. „ WALTER, Lord, arma,
IL, 288. HUNS DON, badgf, IL, 401. HUNTER, amis, L, PL XXXVII, flg. 10, p. 394. „ of Hnnterston, antu, I., 401.
HUNTERCOMBB, arms, L, 130; PL
XIL, flg. 11, p. 134. Hxinting-honi, I., PI. XXXVI L, fig. 10, p. 894. ,, horns as charges, L, 400. Huntingdon, Visitation o/, IL, 1S4, 247,
402. HUNTINGDON, anns, IL. 75.
DAVID, Earl of, orwj, L, 157.
HASTINGS, Earl of. arm*, I., 392.
MARGARET, daughter
of DAVID, Earl of, IL, 75. HUNTLY, Marquis of, I., 191. Htttv, L, 240, 286, 476. Hurst, I., 431. HURSTUBLVE, WILLIAM DE, arms,
L, 409. Hurt, L, 201, 431. HURTLE, an,is, L, 279. HURU8, oniw, L, 202. HUSSBY, aniM, I., 103, 153, 408 ; TL, 28S. Hyacinth as a charge, L, 856. HYDE, arms, L, Pi. XIX., flg. 8, p. 17C. „ Earl of CLARENDON, artui, I.,
198. Hydi-a, I., 481.
,, as a charge, L, 310.
IBERIA, anuji, IL, 338.
Ibex, I., 481.
ICELAND, arws, L, 285 ; PI. XXIX.. fig.
11, p. 278; IL, 840. ICHINGHAM, a}tM, L, 10-3. JcieU», I., 481. IDDESLEIGH, NORTHCOTE, Earl of,
anns, I., 118. IGELSTROM, anns, L, 293. Ignobilis, I., 10.
1LCHE8TBR, liord, supporters, IL. 298. ILE ADAM, Sire de 1', IL, 405. ILLEGITIMACY, Htraldie Marl^ of, 1 1..
170. lUyria, Book of the Arms of, L, 262. ILLYRIA, arms, IL, 335.
„ Kingdom, orin«, I L, 12C. IMAD-BD-DIN ZANQI, shield, L, 89. IM ALAND, province, an»jt, L, 860. Imbrued, L, 431. Imtiwrtal He, I., 476. Impaled, L, 4. SI. Impaiement, II. , 74.
,, simple, 11. , 86.
iMptrial Orotrn, II. , 431.
„ Sagle, L, PL XXVIIL, flg. 3. i>.
256. Iinpltments as charges, L, 408. Inlwf, L, 431. „pridt, L, 481. ,, splendour, L, 821, 481. Immimate charges, L, 821, 333, 862.
( 471 )
i>
>i
)i
>i
InaniuuUe objteU a» supporter*, II., 890. INAYS, WILLIAM DE, nfol, I., 58. IneenMd, I., 431. INCHIQUIN, FITZGERALD, Lord of,
IL,82. IncreMtTit, I., 43L
,, decrescent, L, PI. XXXI., fig.
8, p. 823. Indented, fig. 25, I., 84, 85, 86, 481. INDIA, Bwlfft of the Order q;' British, II., 359. „ Bwlge of the Order qf the Crown of,
IL, 358. ,, Badge of the Order of the Star of, II., 852. auiar of the Order of the Star of,
IL, 352. Mantle of the Order of the Star of, IL, 353. , , Officials nf the Order of the Star of,
IL, 35,3. „ ORDER OF BRITTSH, IL,
358. „ ORDER OF THE CROWN OF,
IL, 357. „ ORDER OF THE STAR OF, IL, 3dL Ribbon of Order of BritUh, IL,
359. "^ Ribbon of the Order t^ the Croirn of, 1 1., 358. ,, Ribbon of the Onler of the Star of,
IL, 852. „ Star of the Order of the Star of, IL, 253. INDIAN EMPIRE, Batlffe of the Order of
the, IL, 356. ORDER OF THE, IL, 856.
,, ,, Ribbon of the Order of
the, II. , 356. INDIES, THE, amis, II., 123. Indorsed, L, 43L
Industrial ImpleiMnts as charges, L, 408. Ineseueheon, I., 174, 179 ; IL, 431.
„ The, I., 126.
INFANTADGO, MENDOZA, Duke of,
aruis, I., 411; IL, 29, 129. InlUimed, L, 431. INGENHBIM, Counts of, amis, IL,
164. Ingenui, L, 4.
INGLEBY, ROBERT DE, supporters, IT., 284. „ Sir JOHN, arms, IL, 186.
INGLETHORPB, arm*, L, 153. Ink-Moii)U, L, 431.
INNE8, Aw Account of the Famdie of, L, 53. „ wrm», L, 53, 826. ,, Sketches of early Scottish History,
L, 51. „ WILLIAM DE, badge, II. , 310. INNOCENT IL, Pope, L, 41,
III., Pope, I., 41 ; amis,
268. IX., Pope, anus, L, 885. „ XII., Po|)e, L, 897.
Insects as chargtM, L, 281, 293. Insignia gent Uitia, I., 10; IL, 890. Interiarefl, L, 151, 481. Inveeted, flg. 26, I., 85, 86.
,, or Inveeted, I., 432. Invemeai-ahire names, IL, 5.
>t
It
>t
i>
It
Inverted, L, 432.
lOGHMUS DE COTIGNOLA, im>(to, IL,
387. IRELAND, amis, L, 399 ; banner of, 400 ; ar^m, IL, 100, 111, 115, 32ii, 328, 329, 333 ; badge, 224, 225. Gradations of rank in, L, 7. Marks of Illegitimacy in, IL,
194. Marshal of, amis, IL, 392. ROBERT DE VERE, Duke of, a)i»«, I., 399; IL, 148. IRIARTE, arms, I., 370. IrradixUetl, I., 432. IRRIBERI, amis, L, 181. ISABELLA, II., 372. ISENBURG, Counts of, arms, L, 137;
IL, 13. ISLE-ADAM, see VILLIBRS. ISLES, ALEXANDER, Lord of the, seat,
, , ANGUS OF TH E, seat, I., 383. „ JOHN, Lord of tlie, seal, I.,
384. ,, Lords of the, arms, I., 189. Isole, L, 476. Issant, I., 384, 476.
Issuant, L, 234 ; PI. XXV., figs. 3 and 4, p. 234. „ or Issuing, I. , 432. ISTRIA, Marqiiisate, anns, IL, 125,
134. ITALISKI, SUWOROFF, Prince, ami^,
L,329; IL, 168. ITALY, amiM, in, I., 112 ; IL, 341. ,, coctaile, IL, 376. ,, coi'onet of a Baron in, IL, 367. ,, „ „ Counts in, IL, 266.
„ „ Visconnta in, 1 1., 266. crests in, IL, 235. Manhallingin, IL.131. Nobles in, coronet, IL, 268. Ortlers of, IL, 368. Princes of, a'Ofcns, IL, 264.
II II II • I II
I, Royal Croicn of, II. , 263. ,, ,, StandaM, II., 315.
I"
suvportfrs in, II. , 282, 285. IVAN BASILOVITZ, Grand Duke, arms, L, 262. „ AP CADI FOR VAWR, anns, L, 301. IVAXO'VICH, OSSIP, aruis, IL, 163.
JABLONOWSKI. Counts, arms, L, 876. Jacinth, L, 72. Jark, Union-, IL, 808. JACOB, Prophecy of, I., 18, 19. JACQUEMINOT. Counts, amis, L, 356. JAGERNDORFF, arms, IL. 11.5. JAMES L, Kingof ARRAGON. IL, 202. „ I., King of GREAT BRITAIN, anus, I., 400; IL, 152, 156, 222, 266, 827, 828 ; arms and supporters, 825, 326; motto, 385; seal, 90; supporters, 834. L, King of SCOTLAND, IL, 94, 128, 139. „ IL, King of GREAT BRITAIN, IL, 20, 182, 328, 847 ; seal, 325 ; supporters, 326. „ IL, King of SCOTLAND, IL, 66, 96.
( 472 )
JAMES III., King of SCOTLAND, I., 189, 811, 853; II., 90, 189, 277; badge, 224. „ IV., King of SCOTLAND, IL, 189,
191 ; badgt, 224. „ v., King of SCOTLAND, I., 190, 191, 358 ; II., 96, 191, 347 ; sup- porters, 280. „ VI., King of SCOTLAND, I.. 191 ;
II., 39, 155. (See JAMES I.) ,, King of SCOTLAND, IL, 140. JANER, arau, I., 213. JAN IN A, an)M, I., 368. JANISZBWSKI, ann*, L, 374. JANS DAM, arutt, I., 193. JanuM, Tete de, I., 476. JANUS, Head of, as a charge, I., 213. JAPAN, bailfff, I., 337.
,, System ot Armory in, I., 22. JAPHET, arms ascribed to, I., 18. JARDINE, anns, I., 155.
,, GEORGE, artM, II., 58.
JARLSBERG, County, aiins, II., 307. JARNAC, Count de, amu, I., 284. JARSDOUFF, amis,!., 83. JASTREZBMBIEC, anus, I., 378. JATSKOW, anna, I., 289. JAW-BONE, as a eharpe, h, 216. JAWORSKI, anns, I., 407. JEAN, EVfiQUE DE CAMBRAT, anus, IL, PI. XVL, Og. 4, p. 172. „ II., King of FRANCE, IL, 196,
381. „ DE, IL, 404. JEDBURGH, KER, Lord of, anus, I.,
321 JELITA, a}vtns, I., 304. JELITOWSKI, anus, I., 364. J f Hoped, I., 4S2. JERMYN, Earls of ST. ALBANS, arms,
I., 325. Jerusalem, Cross of, I., 165. JERUSALEM, Kingdom of, arms, I., 112, 166, 321; PL X., fig. 1, p. 116; IL, 82, 89, 90, 103, 128, 133, 143, 400. JBRVIS, vioUo, IL, 388. Jtssant, L, 432.
„ -de-lU, L, 238, 432 ; PL XXV., flg. 11, p. 234. Jetsed, L, 273, 432. JESSEL, arms, I., 86; a-est, IL, 242. Jesses, I., 432. JBSTYN AP GWROANT, arms, I ,
151. JESUS as a charge L, 207. JEUNE DE CR^QUr, LE, arms, IL,
„ LE, Marquis DE CONTO Y, arms, L, 3.35. JEZ, an»s, I., 251. JEZIERSKI, Connto, arms, L, 368. JOAO L, King of PORTUGAL, IL,
202. JOERG, amis, I., 206. JOG HEM, anns, L, 864. JOHN, Dnke of OOIMBRA, anns, IL, PL XVIIL, fig. S, p. 184. „ L, King of PORTUGAL, IL,
102. „ IL, King of PORTUGAL, IL, 208,
871. „ IIL, King ot SWEDEN, L, 317. „ IIL, (SOBIESKIX King of PO- LAND, anns, IL, 110.
JOHN IV., King of PORTUGAL, II.. Stt
„ King of BOHEMIA, crecC, IL.
218, fig. 16, p. 219; mai,
, , King' of B NO LAND, I. , 182, S19 ; seat, 84, 57, 228; IL, 177, 818. „ King of FRANCE, L, 39S; IL,
149. JOHNSON, II. , 408. JOHNSTON, arms, L. 155, 894; IL, 194
crest, 235 ; motto, IL, 888. JOHNSTONES in SOUTH SCOTLAND,
IL, 5. JOINVILLE, arms, L, 49, 373. 874.
„ Memoirs of S. LOUIS I.,
67. „ Vie de 8t. Louis, I., 20.
JONES, anns, I., 363.
„ Sir EDWARD BURNE, amu,
IL, 209. JONKHEERS, coronet of, IL, 268. JORGE R, arms, L, 208. JOSEPHINE, Empress, L, 278.
of FRANCE,
iuantle, L, 296. JOSNE, LE, Marquis DE CONTOT, arm»,
I 335. JOURDAIN DE TESSON, shield, L, PL
I., fig. 4, p. 41. JOUSSEAUME, Maiquis de la BRET-
ESCHE, anns, I., 164. JOVE, ariHs, L, 411. JOWETT, anns, L, 386. Jotehipped, L, 432.
JOYEUSE, Comtes de, unra, L, 811. JUDAH, King of, I., 18.
,, represented by a lion, L, 18. JUDAS MACCABEUS, sappoMdomu, L.
20. JULBACH, Connto VON, arms, L, 88. JCLICH, <vnns, IL, 323, 333. JULIERS, County and Duchy of, amu,
L, 108, 225 ; IL, 92, 382. JULIUS Ci£SAR, Commentaries, I., 2, S. JtnnelUs, L, 139, 476. JUNQINGEN, anns, L, 407. Jupiter, I., 72, 482. Jus imaffinum, L, 10. JUSTINGEN, Lordship of, omw, 1..
141. pJUTPHAAS, VAN, anns, I., 154. JUYA, arms, L, 101.
KABARDA, arms, IL, 888.
KAISER, arms, L, 896.
KAIT BEY, Sultan, Jienl, L, 88.
KALAOCN, Sultan, Renouk, L, 89.
KALFF, anns, L, 247.
KALITSCH, Barons Ton, arms, L, 241.
KARTALINIA, arms, IL, .838.
KATCHENEVSKI, anns, L, 861.
KATZENELNBOGEN, Counts of, ornu.
L,229; IL, 108, 206. KAUPBBVERN, arms, IL, 85. KAUFFUNGEN, L, PL XXL, fig. 10, p.
188. KAUNITZ, Princes von, amu, I..
889. KA YE. »iu>f to, IL,887. KAZAN, anns, 1 1., 838 ; erown, 262. KEATE, arms, L, 239. KEATS, anns, I., 239. KECK, anns, L, 143.
( 473 )
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If It
KSITH, arnu, I., 189; PI. XL, fig. 10, p. 128. Earl' MARISCHAL, amit, I.,
132. EDWARD, armt, II., 88. JOHN, ar)M, II., 88. ,, Sir EDWARD, II., 88. KEKITMORB, arm*, I., 410. KELDON, artM, I., 159. KBLK, a)-m«, I., 143. KELLIE, Earlfe of, arin», II , 189.
ERSKINE, Earl of, antu, II., 165. KELVERDON, anm, I., 150. KBHEL8, artM, I., 244. KEMP, arjMt I., 193. KENNEDY, arnu, I., 189.
„ Earl of CASSILIS and Mar- qniaof AILSA, amis, I., 172. KENNETH III., King of PICTS, I.,
209. KENSINGTON, Lords, tupportert, I.,
245. I^ENT.Earl of, badge, II., 400.
„ EDWARD, Duke of, label, II., 21 ;
fig. 5, p. 20. „ FAIR MAID OP, IL, 216. ,, HOLLAND, Duke uf, ami*, IL,
148. „ HOLLAND, Earls of, aritu, I.,
229. „ THOMAS HOLLAND, Earl of, ariM, IL, 27, 109; badge, 216; seal, 94 ; supporter, 277. KENTIGERN, I., 285. KEPPEL, Earl of ALBEMARLE, ar»u,
I. 287. KER, crMl, 1 1., 242. „ Lord of JEDBUROH, aruis, I., 821. KERAfiRET, motto, 1 1., 887. KERANGOUEZ, motto, IL, 886. KERANOURN, anm, L, 232. KERAUTRET, motto, II., 386. KERBESCAT, anns, I., 282. KERBOURIOU, anns, I., 282. KERCKBM, anus, L, 122, 350. KERGOLAY. RAOUL DE MONTFORT,
Seigneiir de, IL, 65. KBRGOZ, motto, II. , 386. KERGUERN, motto, IL, 386. KERGROAS, arms, L. 164. KERJAN, LE BARRIER, Marqnisea de,
arms, I., 137. KERLECH, arms, L, 108. KERLEORET, see VIBUXGHAtEL. KERNE, arms, L, 287. KEROUALLE, LOUISE REN^E DE
PENANGOET de, IL, 182. KEROUZ^R^, motto, II. , 387. KERS in South Scotland, II. . 5. KERSBEKE, DE, arms. I., 198. KER YELL, Sir THOMAS, supporters,
IL, 291. KESSELSTADT, Counto of, amis, IL,
117. KE8TEVEN. Dnkes of, arms, L, 869. KETELHODT. Barons, artns, I., 361*. KETHEL, amis, L, 132. KETTENHEIM, VON, artns, L, 131. KETTLER, Dnkeof COURLAND, arms, L. 406; PI. XXXVL, fig. 11, p. 880. Keys, L, PI. XXXVII., fig. 6, p. 894.
Keys qfSt, Peter as a charge, L, 887. KEYS, ROGER and THOMAS, ennobled,
L, 11. KFELLER, aritis, I., PL XVIL, fig. 9, p. 156. DE SACHSENGRUN,
Barons, arms, I., 159. KIES, artM, L, 216. KIEV, arms, IL, 888. KIJOW, Palatinate, arms, II. , 84. KILDARE, Earl of, arms, I., 158. KILGOUR. amis, L, 183. KILLINGWORTH, ami*, L, 880. KILPEC, arms, L, 362. KILSYTH, LIVINGSTONE, Viscount,
arms, I., 355. KILVINGTON, artus, L, 76. King, Chess a* a charge, L, 404. KINQSALE, Barons of, supporter*, L, 812 „ DE COURCY, Barons of,
arms, I., 270. KINGSUOROUGH, Lord, AniviuUia ^
Mexico, L, 25. KING'S COLLEGE, Cambridge, L, 11 ;
a)'MU, 843. KINGSCOTE, aruis, I., 175; PL XIX.,
fig. 8, p. 176. KINGSLEY, amis, I., 401. Kings of Arms, arms, II. , 145. KINGSTON, ALEXANDER, SBTON,
Viscount, arms, IL, 57. KINNOULL, Sir JOHN HAY, Earl of,
oi-Mu, II. , 150. KINSBERGEN, mmiut^nt, IL, 268. KINTORE, Earl of, artM and m^iiio, IL.
879 KIOVIA, palatinate, amis, IL, 84. KIPPENHEIM, a^-ms, L, 285. KIKGHNER, arms, L, 379. KIRKE, arms, L, 193. KIRKPATRICK, eu»M, L, 155; swAVo,
IL, 383. KIRMREITTER, arms, I., PL VII., fig.
9, p. 98. KIRTON, artas, I., 149. KITTLITZ, Baron von, arms, IL, 97. Klee-Stengeln, L, 338. KLETTENBERG. arms, IL, 118, 882. KLINGSPOR, Baltucfie* H'appeiibuch, L,
280, 312, 407. KNATCHBULL, arms, L, 148 ; PL XIIL,
fig. 9, p. 140. Knight, Chess, as a charge, L, 404. KNIGHT, amis, L, 180, ISl, Knighthood, Accolade in, L, 11. ,, Orders of, I L, 348.
Knights Bachelor, IL, 802. „ Banneret, II. , 302. KnighU, coronet of Hereditary, IL, 268. KNIPSGHILD, de Fidei Cbmissu, IL,
106. „ „ yobilitate ejvMque Juri'
bus, II. . 106, 281. KNOB, ami*, L, 810. KNOBEL, DIE, amis, IL, 49. KNOLLYS, Earl of BANBURY, anni, L, 169. „ Lord, hebiut, II. , 232.
KNORINGEN, Barons von, arms, L,
205. Knots as btulges, IL, 212, KNOTSHULL, arm*, I., 86. Knottetl, L, 482.
( 474 )
KN0WLB8, anttt, I., PI. XVI., flg. 3, p. 164. Earl* of BANBURY, anuM,
1., lOfl. KNOX, Earl of RANFURLY, arms, I.,
185 KOCH.oniM, I., 144. KOEHNE, Notice aur Ua Sreaitx €t
AnnoirtM de la HwmU^ I., 262. KOHARY, PrlnoM of, aj-nw, I., 282.
KOMMISSAROV-KOSTROMSKY, ami*,
II., 163. KOMOROWSKI, CounU, ann*, I., 247. KONARSKI, CounU, anu; I., 802. KONIO, Baron, arnu, I., 896. KONIGSECK, Connto of, nnnn, I., 110. KONIGSTEIX, Lords of, ar»M, I., 22o. KONINCK, an>u>. L, 395. KONINO, aitm, I., 404. KORAB, amui, I., 387. KORBLER, anu*, I.. 105. KORESSIOS. at'iu*, L, 262. KOR.VKOOPERS, anu*, I., .^35. K08KULL, Barons, nrnui, I., S.HO. KRAIN, duohy, armn, II., 126. KRANNICH, an)M, I., 275. KRANNICHFELD, Lordship of, amu,
I. 275 KRANTZ,* a}-m«, L, 3.55. JTranz/Wn, I., 141. KRAUTER, aruu, I., 813. KRECnWITZ, amiA, L, 285. KREYTSEN, Connts, ann», L, 181. KRIEG, wo«o, II., 88,3. KROGEDANTZ, anus, II., 399. KRUYSSE, ar»ui, L, 165. KRZYWDA, arm», I., 373. KtTGLER, orww, L, 319. KULENTHAL, m« TRUCHSESS. KU.\IGL.Ck)unt» VON, anus, I., 91 ; PI.
XVIII., flg. 4, p. 158. KUNWALD, ste WRADZA. KYLE, «)-MW, I., 888 ; mottn, II., 884. KYME, SIMON DB, seal, I., 57. KYNASTON, avms, I., 147. KYNDER, antiM, I., 880. KYRKE, anus, I., 193.
LABARTE, Handbook of the Arts of the
MUUtU A(ffs, I., 255. Labtl, I., 126, 174, 19S : IL, 432. ,, OM a diftfretxct, II., 13, 54. LACROIX, Scifiiee and Litemture in the
Middie Apt*, I., 53. Lactt fCA}iu>ur, I., 476 ; IL, 293. LACY, anus, 1 1., 183. LADBROOKE, aruis, L, 146. Laiidn; L, 482; PI. XXXV., flg. 9, p.
876. Ladders as charprs, L, 380. LAFOND, ConnU, amis, L, 161. LAGRENEE, DB, anas, I., PI. XIV., flg.
7, p. 146. LAHER, Barons Ton, anus, I., 102. LAHR, VON, amis, I., 73. LAINCEL, Counts, ai-ms, L, 364. LAINJS, qnotad. IL, 405. LAI NO, liistm'ienl Dfso'iptlon c^ Altar- pitee, I., 853. „ Scottish Seals, L, 50, 52, 53, 186,
187, 188, 189, 311, 313, 840, 348, 388,
384, 385, 894; IL, 8, 55, 57, 68, 69, 78,
75, 80, 87, 95, 100, 140, 141, 190, 248,
272, 274, 278.
LAITBRBERO, arvts, L, 881. LALAIN, ariHS, 11. . 48.
„ OTTO DB. IL, 48. SIMON DB, IL, 48. LALANDE, arms, L, 200. Lamh, The Paschal, L, 248, 4S2. LAMBERT, Earl of CAVAN, arms, L.
841 ; ertst, 814. Lainbeau, IL, 14. Lamhfl, L, 198, 476.
LAMBERG, GEORGE, SIGISMUND, Baron of, IL, 117. „ Princes of, twrns, II.,
117. LAMBERT, arm*, L, 248; crest, 809. LAMBERVILLB, see PIGACHE. LAMBRECHT, arms, L, 248. Lambrequins, L, 462; IL, 227. 24 1,
432. Lambs as charges, L, 248. L.\MBTON. Earl of DURHAM, arms, I..
248. LAMINGTON, Lord, supporttrt, 11,
LAM MENS, anus, L, 248.
LAMOIGNON, President, antu, L. 174.
LAMONT, anns, L, 226.
LampoffOj L, 432.
Lampassp, I., 476.
LAMPLOWE. arms, L, 107 ; PI. XV., fi^.
6, p. 162. LAMPLUGH, arms. L, 167. LAMPOINS, arms, L, 248. LANARIO, ai-ms, L, 335. LANCASTER, anns, IL, 151.
Duchy of, seaU, IL, Ml. Duke of, arms, IL, 821 :
badfre, 221. EDMUND, CroHchbact, Earl of, shielff, L, 123; anus, IL, 17. EDMUND, Crourkbart, Lord of, touib, 1 1., 215. HENRY, PLANTA.
GENET, Duke of. IL, 276: ariHS, 17, ST; badffc, 215 ; scaJ, 221 ; PI. L, flg. 4, p. 1«. Hou8« of, bo.d{pe, 1 1., 216 ;
Urerjf, 378. JOHN of GHENT, Duke
of, 1 1., 178, 203. LIONBLLO, Dake nf, arms, L, ip.
PHILIPPAof, IL.102. Bed Rose of, L, 342; U.,
152. SiYiw Orephound of, II..
223, 825. THOMAS, Earl of, 1 1..
37. WILLIAM DB, anw, II., PI. III., flg. 7, p. 32. Lancastrian Colours, IL, 27, 178. LA NC ASTRO, Comte de, IL, 203.
Don JORGE DE, IL, 203. Lances as charge*, L, 364. LANCY, arms, I., 152. LANDALE, arms, l„ 185. LANDAU, Gonnto Ton, arm*, L, 104. LAN DEL, arms, I., 185.
JOHN, seal, IL, 290.
i>
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( 475 )
I) fi i> It
LANDELLS, aniu, I., 186 ; PI. XVIIL,
fig. 2, p. 158. LANDE8CR0N, arm*, I., 896. LANDON, anuM, L, 291. LANDRY, M FORREST. ' LAND8BER0, amiM, II., 333. LAND8PER0, arm«, II., 334. LANDSCHADEN, la»UirMuin, II., 246. LANE, ariM, L, 155 ; Pi. XVI., fig. 11, p. 154. „ JOHN, «)-»w, ir., 152. LANESBOROUOH, BUTLER, Earl of,
amUf I., 397. LANFRANCni, anus I., 90. LANG VON LANGBNAU, orwi*, L, PI.
VIL, fig. 1, p. 98. LANG EN, ann*, I., 93. LANG LEV, EDMUND of, Dnke of YORK, batlifr, IL, 215. „ EDMUND of, II., 218.
LANG LOIS, arnu, I., 38ri. LANGRUIS, JO, BAPTISTA, I., 71. Langutf I., 476. Lanpveil, L, 224, 432. LANGUEDOC, anus in, I., 112. LANNES, oi-nm, I., PI. XI., fig. 8, p. 128. „ Due de MONTE BE LLO, annji,
I., 368. LANNOY, BALDWIN DB, at-m*, IL, 60. CHARLES DE, an/n, 1 1., 47. GILBERT DE, amui, II., 60. HUGH DE, arum, II., 60. JEAN DE, IL, 199. PHILIP DE, ami*, II., 60. LANSAC, «« VIVIER. laiunfoicne .VSS., II., 179, 805. LANSDOWNB, Lord, crttt, II., 242. LAPLACE, an»M, L, 326. LAPOUKHIN, Prince*, ar„i», L, 801. LARDAIS, $ee OUILLOU. LARDIER, an,i», I., 198. LarmeM, I., 433, 476. LASCARIS, nrui*, I., 262. LASCELLES, anut, I., 166, 354; PI. XXX I II., fig. 9, p. S5J. „ Earls of HAREWOOD,
ai'tii», I., 166. Lasfifit, I., 488.
LASSO, ORLANDO DI, oiwur, L, 402. LASTEYRIE, IL, 405. LATHOM, Lonl, suppwierg, IL, 296. LATIMER, aniw, L, 162, 166. „ Lord, iHulf/c, II., 218.
WILLIAM and ROBERT, antu, 1 1., IS. £€Uin Crou, L, 160.
,, croM-pntitj I., 161. Lattice, L, 433.
LATTRB, ROLAND DE, «r»M, L, 402. LAU, Count, motto, II. , 384. LAUENBURG, anm, IL, 186, 837, 340. „ BISMARCK, Duke of,
artnt, IL, 160. LAUNAY DU VALAY, ann$, L, 361. Latwei lenrtM a» chanjti^ I., 887; PI.
XXXIL, fig. 8, p. 336. LAU RES, anM, L, 335. LAURIE of Maxwelltowo, artnt, I.,
897. LAURWIGEN, County, anM, IL, 207. LAUSITZ (OBER), Markgrarate of, ann*, I., 379.
II • I
•I
LAUSITZ (NIBDER), L, 246. LAUTERBACn, anm, I., 331 ; PI.
XXXI., fig. 11, p. 322. LAUTBRBURG, ar»u, II., 118, 831,
882. LAUTREC, ani\», I., 170, 226. LAUTZ, ana*, I., 898. LAUVEAU, anM, I., 159. LAUZON, an,a, I., 288. LAVAL, arm*, I., 75.
ANNE, heiress of, IL, 65.
,, „ GUI, Comte
de, IL, 128. ANNETTE DE, Damede CO^T- MEN, »eal, IL, 75, 78. ,, D'OLIVBT, JEANNE DE, arm*, I f ""
guy' IV.* and VIL, Barons de, II. , 65 ; anm^ 100. „ JEAN DE, Seigneur de CHA8-
TILLON, nr,a», 11. , 100. „ MONTMORENCY, am*, II., 62. LAVARDIN, BEAUMANOIR, Marquis de, ai-fM, I., 197. „ Maninises de, ai'^nt, I., 62.
LAVAULX-VRECOURT, CounU, arm*,
I., 284. LA WES, on*w, L, 197. LAWLBY, oma. I., PI. XV., fig. 8, p. 152. „ Lord WENLOCK, arm*, I., 162. LAWRENCE-ARCHER, ar»>M, IL, 98. LAY, MONTMORENCY DE, arui», II.,
62. LAYARD, Hinevth, L, 317. Laizi, I., 4. LEA, a't*t, IL, 243. Uash, I., 433. Leashed, I., 433. UavtO, L, 438. Lean* oj ekarffe*, L, 337. LECK, Lordship of, arm*, IL, 206.
„ LOUIS and WILLIAM, Seigneurs of, arnu, II., 205. LECOY DE LA MARCHE, quoted, II..
251. LBCZIN8KA, MARIE, croirw, IL, 258. LEDEBUR, Barons, ann*, I., 147. Lteche* oa charfft*, I., 293. LEEFDAEL, Sire de, aita*, L, 175; II.,
84. LEBFVELT, VAN, arms, L, 76. LEBSON, ainas, I., PI. XXXI., fig. 12, p. 822. , , Bai Is of M I LTOWN, arm*, I . ,
828 Leg, I., PL XXIIL, fig. 8, p. 206. ,, of an Eagle, I., 483. LEGAT, arm*, I., 161. Lepende, I., 476. Lege* Ha*tUudiales, I., 31, 42. LEGGE, arui», I., 234 ; PI. XXV., fig. 2, p. 234. Earl of DARTMOUTH, arm*, I., 246. Uggtii, L, 433.
LEGH, Col. THOMAS, His children's rre*t*, 1 1., 187. „ GERARD, quoted, L, 201; IL,
143, 381. ,, „ referred to, I., 125.
Ug*, L, PL XXIIL fig. 9, p. 206.
( 476 )
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• I
II
LB08, HUMAN, (U a charfft^ I.,
219. LBIBBXSTEIN, mc STEIN. LBICE8TER, Earl of. Inulgt, II., 408.
ROBBBT DB BBLLO- MONTB.Barl of, mo/, I.,5d. „ Earl of, II., 66. DB BEAU- MONT, or BBLLO- MONTE, Earl of, Kal, \ I., 840. '
SIMON DB MONTFORT, Earl of, an44, I., 231; ! II., 70. „ SYDNEY, Earl of, anM,
I., 367. LEICHNAM, ar^M, I., 217. LEIGH, a^-nu, I., 882. LEIGHTON, tt»«w, I., 92; V\. V., flg. 10, p. 8S. „ Sir FREDERICK, ami*, I.,
87. LBININGBN, ConnU, ann«, IT., 24, 57. Princes of, mita, I., 273. WBSTERBERG, Gounto, ar»M, II., 24, 58. LEINSTBR, Diikesof, aruui, I., 153.
„ FITZGERALD, Dukes of,
»u.ppoirter$, I., 252. „ M'MURROUGH, King of,
oriiui, I., 360. LBITOBNS, arnu, L. 188. LEJONHUFVUD, II.„412. LEMANS, Museum at, I., 45. Lenuiiu n^ charftet, I., 357. LBNFANT-DIEU, ariM, I., 207. LBNFERNAT, motto, II., 3S0. LENNOX, or»M, L, 154; Pi. XXllL, fig. 3, p. 352; II., 41,80. CHARLES, aruu, II , 182. Barls of, arnut, I., 342; IL, 141. „ MALCOLM, Earl of, moI, II,,
290. „ MARGARET, Coiintess of,
itumumfnt, II., 95. STEWART, Earl of, bordure, II., 80. „ STUART, Earl of, orMW, II.,
141. LENONCOURT, Cardinal de, amu, I.,
152. LENS, amis, I., 408. LENTILHAC, DB, arius, L, 140. LEO, auM, I., 183. „ X., Poixj, II., 159. „ Xin., Poi)o, anrtu, I., 328. LEON, anuM, 1., 114, 177, 225, 265, 822, 405; IL, 29, 71, 81, 99, 111, 123, 130, 181, 1(;S, 169, 201,202, 204, 278, 815, 319, 323, 324, 842. „ DE ROHAN, Princes de, anM, I.,
196. ,, ta/xl of, II., 17. „ lion of, 1., 68. „ 8ANCHA of, II., 99. „ tee PONCE. LEONBERG, Counts, artM, II., 899. Leopard, I., 433, 476.
„ Ota charge, 1., 237. „ -lionni, I., 222, 483, 476. „ Titede,!., 476. Leopards as charges^ I., 221.
Leopard's Face, L, 4SS; PL XXV., fig. 12, p. 234. ,, Faces i-eversed, I., PL XXV., flg.
11, p. 234. „ Head, I., 438. „ „ as aekarfft, J., S3&.
LEOPOLD, Archduke, I., 295. ,, Emperor, II., 231.
,, Markgrave of Aoatris, setU,
I., 255. „ 0»t/erqr, II., 370.
LERM A, Dukes of, arms, I., 926. LBRNOUT, anH», L, 159; PL XVIIL,
flg. 5, p. 158. LESLIE, arwM, I., 384, 393 ; PI. XXXVIL. flg. 2, p. 394; II., 139, 276. Lady CHRISTIAN, emus, IL, 105. „ of Balquhain, aa-itu, II., 40. „ WALTER, ariHS, II. , 100. LESSEPS, Count de, anas, I., 861. LESTRANGB, anus, L. 230; IL, 44. LBSZCZYC, arnu, I., PI. XXXVI., flg. 8, 1) 3S0
de' radolin-radolin-
SKI, CounU, anns, I., 3S0. Lftte}^ 0/ Alphabet as charges, 1., 409. Lettuce as a char^, I., 861. LBUBBRSTORF, artns, L, PI. VIL, flg.
12, p. 98. LEUCHTENBERG, Dukes and Land-
graTes of, arms, I., 134 ; II., 91. LEUTENBERQ, Lords of, anns, II.,
114. LEUZE, Barons de, anus, L, 856. Levi, I., 476,
LEVEN, anns, L, PL XXXIII., fig. 8,pw 352.
„ Ear] of, anns, L, 854. Lerer, I., 433.
LEVBRSAGE, anns, I., 382. LEVESON, amis, L, 337; PL XXXIL,
flg. 8, p. 836. L^VIS, anns, L, 63.
„ Dnce de MIREPOIX, arms, I.,
150. „ Duos de VENTADOUR, o»tm«, I., 150. PIERRE CHARLES DB, Dnke
de MIREPOIX, L, 63. Lcvrier, I., 476. Lerron, I., 476.
LBWASCHEFF, arms, IL. 164. LB WEN, ROBERT, anns, I., S82. LEWENTHAL, set TOD. Lex Bargundica, I., 7. ,, Saliea, I., 7. LEXINGTON, SUTTON, I^rd, arms, I.,
174. LEY DEN, Burg - gravate, arms, I.,
324. LB YEN, Princes of Holy Roman Emirire,
anns, I., 181. LBZERGUE, arm«, I., 165. LEZAY, MONTMORBNCY-LAVAI^ DE,
anns, 1 1., 63. LAlfJOS, anns, IL, 181. LIBBRTA, arms, I., 410. LIBBRTAS, anns, I., 410. Liberti, I., 4.
LIBOTTON, arms, I., 165. LICHFIELD, arms, I., 165; PI. XV., flg.
5, p. 152.
( 477 )
LIOHNOWSKI, Princes, amu, L, 837,
857. LIGHTEN BBRO, anm, II., 384. LIOHTENSTBIN, Prlnoe« of, amis, H.,
115. Licome, I., 476.
LIDDESDALE, amu, II., 190. i»V, I., 400, 476.
LIBVBN, Count, a)*»M, II., 163. LiffkUdt o»* Inflamed, I., 488. LIQHTFORD, anm, I., 182. Lightning cu a charge^ I. , 828. LIQNE, JEAN, Baron of, II., 116.
„ Princes de, anut and motto, I., 140 ; II.. 879. LIGNBY, JEAN DB LUXEMBURG,
Connt de, ar»i«, II., 16. LIGNIERE8, aniu, I., 168. LI HON, ar»iM, L, 352. LIMA, an)t«, I., 101. Limacon, I., 476. LI M BURG, Coante and duchy of, amui,
II., 107, 147, 197, 198, 199, 821. LinUj I., 477. „ Bi-aneh, I., PI. XXXII., fig. 6, p.
386. „ Leav€t culMtit, L, PL XVIIL, ilg. 11, p. 158. LIM^ROU, Me 0RENGE8. LIHESAT, arm*, L, 58.
„ DE, arm*, I., 268.
LIMN(£US, quoted, L, 19. LIMOJON, anjM, L, 858. LIMOS, amis, I., 858. LINAGE, Counts de, amu, I., 149. LINAS, CHARLES DE, Let Originee de
I'Or/evrerie Ctoisonni, II., 261. LINCOLN, JOHN BOKINGHAM, Bishop of, arnis, I., 169. „ WILLIAM DE ROMARE,
Earl of, ariiis, II., 43. LINDAU, VON, aviiu, II. , 49. LiwUck, L, PI. XXI., fig. 9, p. 188. Lindtn Ua/<u a charge, I., 337. LINDEN, VAN DER, arm», L,409; II.,
97; PI. Vn.,flg. 1, p. 96. LINDENBERG, ana*, I., 314. LINDERPALM, ariM, I., 150. LINDORES, armn, I., 875.
,, Lord, aniM, II., 189.
LINDSAY, anm, I., 375; IL, 139.
DAVID, Lord CRAWFORD, a^nt, II., 235. „ Duke of MONTROSE, armt>,
II., PI. IX., fig. 3, p. 136. „ Earl of CRAWFORD, antut,
I., 189, 268. „ JANET, daiighter of Sir ALEXANDER, arm*, II., 74. SIMON of, »(al, L, 58. Sir DAVID, II., 847 ; Armorial MS., L, 101, 181; IL, 8, 96. Lord of CRAWFORDi Mtal^
L, 53. quoted, II., 190; tupporter.
276.
WILLIAM, Lord of ERCIL- DOUN and CRAWFORD, $eat, I., 58. Lindsays, Lives etfthe, I., 53. LINDSEY, Earls of, arms, L, 369. LINDT, DE, arms, I., 198.
If
II
It II
Lined, L, 433.
Lines of Partiticn, I., 84, 85, 483.
Lines representing colour*, I., 70, 71.
LINOBN, County, ai-nu, I., 886.
LINGUET, arms, L, 316.
LINIERBS DE MOTTEROUO^, arms,
I., 106. LINLITHGOW, LIVINGSTONE, Earl of,
a^-MS, II., 189. LINTRE, Le Sire de, arms, I., 850. Lion, I., 477. „ as a charge, L, 221. „ trteorpo}'ate as a charge, I., 282. „ de S. Jfarr, IL, 477. ,, ditmtmbtred, 1., PI. XXIV., fig. 8,
p. 224. „ Uopardi, L, 222, 477. ,, parts of, as charges. I. , 235. „ queue foureh^e, I., PL XXIV., fig. 9,
p. 224. „ rampant, I., PI. XXIV., fig. 1, p.
124. „ rampant-ganlant, I., PL XXIV., figs.
2 and 3, p. 224. „ salient, I., PL XXIV., fig. 7, p.
224. „ Sea-, as a charge, I., 315. Lioncel, I., 433. Lioneels, I., 232; PI. XXIV., fig. 12, p.
224. Lioness as a charge, I., 235. Lions combatant, I., PI. XXV., fig. 1, n, 234. ganUt as a charge, I., 235. gambs, I., PI. XXV., fig. 7, p. 234. ,, ftead cm a charge, I., 235. „ heads, L, PI. XXV., fig. 6, p. 284. ,, j>assant, L, PI. XXIV., tig. 4, i». 224. ganlant, I., PI. XXIV., fig. 5, p. 224. ,, regardant, L, PI. XXIV., fig. 6, p. 224. ,, pair as a charge, I., 285. „ pates, I., PI. XXV., fig. 8, p. 284. ,, tails as charges, I., 235.
„ I., PI. XXV., fig. 9, p. 234. LIPPE, Barons von der, Counts, and Princes of, arm*, I., 200, 216, 342; IL, 106. LIPPO, IL, 404. LIPS, cu a charge, I., 216. LIRONI, arm*, L, 398. Lis-de-jardin, I., 477. LIS, DU, an»w, L, 349. LISBURNE, VAUGHAN, Earl of, oi-nw,
L, 351. Liseri, L, 477.
LISLE, ARTHUR, PLANTAGENET, Viscount, artM, II., 180 ; crest, 214. „ DE, supporters, I., 251.
LISSAU, He SPAN0P8KY. Listel, I., 477. Lists, I., 433 ; PI. XXXVI. , fig. 9, p. 880.
„ as charges, I., 374. LITHUANIA, «rwM, I., 211, 266 ; IL, 110. „ LADISLA8 v., Diike of,
IL, 84. „ LADISLAS VL, Duke of,
IL, 84. Liti, L, 4.
LITTA, Famiglie Cel^i Italiane, I., 294 ; IL, 277.
If
If
( 478 )
»>
LITTLETON, Viaconnto COBHAM, anus,
I., 287. Livery, IL. 878. Livery Collar*, IL, 225. LIVINGSTON, uwiio, IL, 387 ; «uppore<i*«, II. , 290. WILLi'aM, $eal, L, 188. LIVINGSTONE, Earl of LINLITHGOW,
artiM, II., 89. MART, II., 53. Viacount KILSYTH,
ami*, I., 855. Viaconnt TEVIOT,
ami9, I., 357. LIVONIA, ALEXANDER of, seal, II.,
84. Lizard* a* charge*, I., 288, 290, 308. LLOYD, anm, L, 226; PL XXIIL, fig. 4, p. 206; imtto, II. , 884. Lord MOSTYN, ami*, L, 212. LOANE, nnn*, L, 237 ; PL XXV., fig. 10,
p. 234. Loaii* a* charge*, I., 406. LOBENSTEIN, arm*, L, 188.
,, BaroDS von, ama and
tupporter*, IL, 200. LOBKOWITZ, Prince of, anns, I., 71,
2(?7. LOBLEY, aruis, L, 252. Lobster* a* charges, L, 287. Lo€habei'-axe, L, 433.
„ cu a charge, I., .^64.
LOCHEFONTAINE, tee ARNOLET. LOCH NOW, amis, IL, 85. LOCK HART, Spanish Ballads, L,
214. LODBROKE, arms, I., 146. LODES, HENRI, Comte de, arms, IL,
40. Lodged, I., 245, 433. LODOMIRIA, amis, IL, 126. LODZIA, Counts, amis, L, 386. LOFFREDO, arms, I., 80. LOGIE, Queen UARGABET, seal, IL, 69. „^ Sir JOHN, amis, II. , 69. LOHEAC, a»MM, L, 80.
„ DE TRfiVOASAC, arms, L,
195. LOIR, JEAN, IL, 406. LOlS, King of FRANCE, I., 844. LOKE, arms, I., 355. LOMBARDI, amis, L, 268. LOMBABDY, iron o-own of, 1 1., 125, 258. „ kingdom, arm*, IL, 124.
LOMELLINI, arms, I., 90 ; PI. V., fig. 8,
p. 88. LONDON, City, arms, I., 863 ; supporters, L, 805. „ See of, arms, L, 363. Long-bow, I., PL XXXIV., flg. 5, p.
864. I^ngCi'oss, L, 160. L0N6ASTRB, HOUGH IN, Marqnis de,
carnis I., 194. LONGCHAMP, WILLIAM DE, Bi«hop
of ELY, «'/-»«*, I., 100. Longk, L, 477.
LONGESPBE WILLIAM DE, Earl of SALISBURY, I., PI. XXIV., flg. 12, p. 224 ; antis, 283 ; IL, IS, 67. LONGSHARE, ar^ta, I., 288.
>»
ti
i>
L0NG8TAFFE, Mr DYER, The Old HereUdry of the Pcreies, IL, 87, 104, 212. ,, the PetJigrets and Early
Heraldry of the Lords qf AlntticL-, II. , 104. LONGUEVAL. PrinoeB of, amu, I., 105. LONGUEVILLE, arms, 1 1., 149.
ARCHIBALD DOUG- LAS, Count of, IL, 140. Dukes of, arms, II.,
196. FRANCIS, Comte de,
antu, IL, IM). JAMES HARCOURT, Comte de, IL, 150. „ LOUIS, Dake de, IL,
149. LONGWY, DURFORT, arms, I., 189. LOOS, arms, I., 143.
„ -CORSWARBN, Princes of, armM, L, 103. LOPPIN, arms, L, 241. LORE DAN, arms, L, 226. LORENZ, Baron, amu, L, 137. LORESSE, MONTMORENCT DE, arms,
IL, 61. LORBTTE, arms, I., 207. LORN, arms, L. PI. XXXV., fig. 11, ii. 876; IL,80. „ galley of, I., 884. „ JOHN, STEWART, Lord of, IL,
56. 57. ,, Loros of, anus, L. 384. „ Lordship of, 1 1., 57. LORNE, LOUISE, Marcbioneae of, Uibel,
fig. 8, IL, 21, S3. Lorraine, CVom of, L, 161 ; fig. 68, p. 17S. „ Les Coutumes Genfrales des Irou Bailliagesde, IL, 178. LORRAINE, amis, I., 270; IL, 51, 59, 89, 123, 128, 181, 167, Ml, 335. ADeLbERT ot, seed, L,
48. CHARLES HI., Doke of,
IL, 406. Duke FREDERICK I. of,
ai-ms, IL, 11. Duke of, mantling, IL,
250. Dukes of, badge, L, 161. LOUISE DE, arm», IL,
268.
MATHIEU DE, arms, IL, S3. ,, Onlonnance of CHARLES
IIL, Dukede, IL, 895. „ VAUDEMONT, MARGUE-
RITE DE, IL, 59. Lorri, I., 477. Lozangi, L, 109, 477.
„ en barre, I., 477. IX)SENSTEIN RUDOLF DB, sea/, 1 1.
70. LOSS, Counts, arms, L, 292. LOTEREL, arms, IL, 9.
„ Sir GEOFFREY, armg, IL.
9. LOTH AIR, Emperor, I., 41. LOTHIAN, Earl of, IL, 15.
,, Marquis of, arms, 1., S21.
LOTHRINGEN, sse LORRAINk
»i
)t
i>
Yl
M II
I
( 479 )
f>
t»
t»
»>
»i
It
LOUBGA88EN, anns, 11., 29. LOUDOUN, CAMPBELL, Earl of, anns, L|..k T 94 • II 10 LOUB, MONTMORENCY LAVAL DE,
amuy II., C3. LOUIS, IV., Emperor, aitiw, I., 258; crotm, II., 269. v.. King of FRANCE, aea!, I.,
•"•A
VI., King of FRANCE, coin*, 1., 844; Ktplrt and ooim, 846. VII.. King of FRANCE, I., 344, S47 ; coin9^ 844 ; tiVnet, 846 ; badgt, IL, 210. VIII., King of FRANCE, wo/, I., 847; II., 98; mpjtorUrtf 281 IX. (ST.), King of FRANCE, I., 849; Wtt/, fig. 70, pp.. 846, 347; IL, 195, 881; *up- porU^'9, 282. X., King of FRANCE, jwa/, 11.,
69. XL, King of FRANCE, L, 203; IL, 16, 17, 196, 199, 812, 406; pavilion^ 126; tvip- jwrtfrt, 282. XIL, King of FRANCE, L, 352 ; »eal, 847; IL, 81; iup- portem, 282. XIL, and FRANCIS I., Counttr- Mulot, IL, PL IL, fig. 1, p. 18. XIIL, Kirgof FRANCE, L, :M4; II. 406 ; mppmttr*, IL, 282 XIV., King of FRANCE, L, 252, 289, 296, 812, 871 ; II. , 82, 112, 161, 196, 265, 406 ; 8uppoi-ter9t 281, 282 XVI., King of FRANCE, IL, 162,
313. XVIL, II. , 407.
XV 1 1 L, King of FRANCE, IL, 162. DAUPHIN of FRANCE, seal of,
II. , PL 11. , fig. 5, p. 18. MARGARET, wife of Emperor,
iuppcrtevj 11. , 275. PHILIPPE, King of FRANCE,
croicriy 11. , 259; livery, 878. THE BAVARIAN, Emperor, L, 64; couM, 263; IK, 167. „ THE GERMAN, I., 40. LOUISE, PrinceM, labtl, fig. 8, IL, 21,
28. Loupj L, 477.
,, eerriei\ 1., 477. LOUVAIN, ADELAIDE of, an»i«, IL, 318. ,, arm», I., 226.
„ Seven patrician families of,
L, 195. LOUVAINE, JOSCELINE DE, IL, 104. LOUVEL, an««, I., 241 ; PL XXVL, fig.
8. p. 240. IX)UVILLB, Oi-WM, I., 108. LODVOIS, LE TELLIER, Marquis de,
amis, I., 291. LOVARI, anH«, L, 260. LOVEL of BALLUMBIE, arm$, II. , 41. Sir JOHAN, aniw, II. , 176. „ WILLIAM, ariM, IL, 18.
>f
»» »» »»
II
II II
LOVBLL, arms, L, 228, 252. IX)VBNICH, an»w, I., 188. LOVBNSCHILD, artM, I., 226. LOWE, ort»M, L, 240, 245; PI. XXVL,
fig. 8, p. 240. LOWEL, annt, I., 91 ; PI. V., fig. 6, p.
88. LOWENSTEIN, I., PI. XXL, fig. 4, p. 188; an)M, IL, 58. ,, Connts of, atiMj 1., 187. LOWER, Cw-ioaUUM of Jleraldty, I., 27,
107, 126; IL, 2, 27, 280. LOYS, King of FRANCE, L, 344. Lotenffe, I., 174, 192, 483 ; PL XIX., fig. 8, p. 176. The, fig. 61, L, 125, 126. LoztnptM co}\)oineil, I., PI. XIX., fig. 10, p.
176. Lozeni/y, L, 109, 484; PL VIIL, fig. 9, p. 100. ,, eowptdf I., PL IX., fig, 1, p. 106. LUC-fi, Oraffen-Saal, 11. , 13. LUCCA, ariM, I., 410. Lv.ct as a charge, L, 281. LUCHTBNBURG, VAN, arms, L, 188. LUCIANO, a)-wu,L, 92. LvLc'us as charges, I., 284. LUCINGE FAUCIGNY, Princes de, orww,
L, 100, 133. Lucy, I., 484.
LUCY, AMAURl DE, amis, IL, 45. , „ amis, I., 281, 328; IL, 103, 104,
, 288.
„ ELIZABETH, IL, 180. i „ GEOFFREY DE, arms, IL, 45.
„ Lord, IL, 104. LUDERITZ, Barons von, aitns, I., 386. LUETTZ, ann*, L,808. Zi/no, I., 72. LUNA, anus, I., 323. LUNDIN, JOHN, amis, IL, 31. LtNEBURG, Duchy, arms, I., 122; IL, 90, 329, 331, 882, 387. see BRUNSWICK. Lunel, L, 324. LUNEL, arms, L, 823. Lunels, I., 477.
LUPARELLA, arms, L, 241. LUPIA, arms, L, 170. Lure, I., 434.
,, conjoined in, I., 272. LUSATIA, LOWER-,Markgravate, onw, IL, 122. UPPER-.Markgravate, arms, lL,122(*wLAUSITZ). LU8IGNAN, arms, I., 104; IL, 46, 108, 133. CHARLOTTE DE, IL, 1C2. erest and supporters,. L,
819 HUGH DE, Comte de la
MARCHE, L, 319. Kings of CYPRUS, omw, II. , 322. Lute as a charge, L, 898. LUTTREL, sujiporta's, IL, 284. Lt^TZOW, Barons von, arms, L, 881. LUXE, MONTMORENCY, Comtee de,
arms, II. , 62. LUXEMBURG, amis, I., 825; IL, 59, 70,
821 841 JACQUELINE of, IL,
322.
II •I
»»
( 48o )
• I
It
If
LUXEMBURG, JACQUES DE, Seicnenr
de RICHBBOURO, artM, II., 16. JEAN DB, Ck>nnt de LBIGNEY, ariM, II., 16. JOHN of, King of BO- HBHIA, erat, II., 218 ; fig. 16, p. 219. MONTMORENCY,
anwr, 262. PETER of, ariHS, II., 822.
,, PIERRE DE, Count de
ST. PAUL, ann*, II., 16. LUYNES, Dace de, annt, I., 229. LUYTBNBURG, VAN, ariu$, I., 138. LUZYAN8K1, aruu, I., 286. Lmnphaii, I., 383, 434.
„ under Sail, L, PI. XXXV., fig.
12, p. 876. „ with Fire, L, PI. XXXV.,flg. 11, p. 376. LjnnvhadSt figs- 86 and 87, I., 383. LYNCH, anns, I., 239. LYNDE, DE LA, amu, L, 152. Lynx €U a ehargt, I. , 239. Lyon Oautit Report on the, II., 7. „ Regittei'f II., 11.
„ Namee in, II., 6.
It
LYON, anjM, I., 189, 296.
„ Earls of STRATHMORE, an^w,
L, 189, 228 ; erc«t, II., 286. ,, King o/AitM, II., 295, 348 ; an>ur,
145. „ of Braky, DAVID, seat, I., 189. „ Sir JOHN, 9tal, I., 22S. LYONNAIS, Counto of, aruu, 1., 225. Lyt't at a charge, I., 398.
MAAS, motto, II., 388. MABILLON, inter opa-a St L Bemardi. I., 300. ,, quoted, I., 49.
MABU8E, I., 353. MACDONALD, arm*, I., 226.
„ DnkeofTARENTO,ar»ut,
IL, 138. ,, Lord, ariM, IL, 138.
,, of Slate, armt, 1 1., 188.
MACDONALDS in Invemese-Bhire, II.,
6. MACFARLANE, arm, I., 154; IL,
41. ,, compartment, IL, 289.
MACHELL, r/iotto, IL, 380. MACIAS, arms, I., 403. MACINTOSH, arms, L, 225. MACKENZIE, arm*, L, 246 ; PL XXVI.,
fig. 11, p. 240; arms, IL, 6. „ Sir GEORGE, Science of
Hnaldry, IL, 55, 57, 110, 242, 283. Mdcle, I., 477. M'CLEISH, motto, 1 1., 388. MACMAHON, ariM, L, 230, 275.
„ MARIE EDM^ PATRICE,
Duo de MAGENTA, a)7»u, I., 230. „ Marquiees of, arms, I.,
280. MACON, arms, L, 298. „ GUI DB, IL, 404.
Ma/^onni, I., 477. MADAN.amu, L 274. MADDBN, anns, I., 274. MADGEBURG, Duchy and Bishopric,
arms, I., 90 ; II., 330. MADOETS, arms, I., 195. MADRID, artM, I., 3S0. MAES, arms, I., 195. MAFFLIERS, MONTMORENCY DE,
arms, 11^ 62. MAGALHAENS, 0:^-^^, L, 100. MAGALOTTI, arms, I., 410. MAGENTA, MACMAHON, Dae de, ar^,
L, 280. MAGNALL, arms, L, SSI. MAQNAVILLB, GEOFFREY DE, Earl
of ESSEX, L, 47 ; suppoaed efligj,
124. MAONE, anfu, L, 217. MAGNENEY, ReeucU de* Armts, L,
72. MAGNOAC, GARCIA ARNAUD, Gomte
de, Hal, I., 48. MAGNUS (LADISLA8), King of SWE- DEN, suppmterst II., 273. MAGUIRB, arms, I., 211; Pi. XXIIU
fig. 3, p. 206. MAHLBERG, arms, I., 225. MAHONY, o-Mt, II., 250. ISet
MORAVIA.) MAHREN, Markgravate, a^-vu, L. 267. MAIENTHAL, ami*, L, 73. MAIGRET, arou, L, 73. MAILI^NB, DES PORCELLETS, Mar- quises de, anus, I., 240. MAILLE, Duos de, artns and mofto, IL,
379. MAILLEN D'OHEY, Maniuiaes, arm», U
407. MaUlet, L, 477. MAILLY, anus, I., 408.
„ GILLES DE, and hia sons,
arms, II. , 12. Main-benissantf, I., 477.
„ -d'aigle, L, 477. MAINE, HELIE, Comte du, tomb, L,
MA INGOT, arms, L, 106;. II., 405. Maintenance, Cap <{;', II. , 4*34. MAIN WARING, orwui, IL, 183, MAISONNEUVE, IL, 409. MAISTRB, Counts de, arms, I., 356.
,, LK, arms and motto, II., 879.
„ XAVIER DB, ai-juj, L, S5«.
MAITLAND, arms, L, 189, 231 ; PL
XXIV., fig. 8, p. 224. Maize as a charge, L, 361.
Mal-gtronne^ L, 477. „ 'Oi'donw, L, 477.
„ -tailli, L, 478. MAJOR, arms, I., 380. MALAGAMBA8, ai-ms, L, 220. MALAPERT, see HERVILLY. MALAPERTS, Barons de NEUFVILLE,
arms, L, 121, 349. MALASPINA, CONRAD, amu, II., 157. MALATESTA, anus, I., 212, 243 ; crest. II. 288. SIoifeMONDO PANDOL-
FO DI, medal, L, 243. MALCHUS, CounU of MARIBNRODE,
arms, I., 896. MALDEGHEM, PHILIPPE DB, secrdiOM.
L, 00.
( 48. )
MALEMORT. aruiM, I., 102. MALEMAYN8, NICHOLAS, seal, If., 66. MALESTROIT, at-m*, I., 117; PI. X., fig.
9, p. 116 ; ann$ and uiotto, II., 979. HALGOL, ariM, I., 148. MALHEUBES, arui*, \., 387. MALLEOLUS, Dr FELIX, de Nobititate
tl JiuMtkitaU IHatogvf, II., 170. MALLERBY, arm$, L, 337. MalltU as chargtt, I., 408. MALMAYNS, orwur, L, 217. MALME8BURY, Earl of, ami*, IL, 166. MALPA8, arm», L, 166. MALPIGHI. aniu, I., 101. MALTA, Sovereigng of, uitna, L, 15*2. MaiUnf. CVoM, I., 164 ; fig. 61, p. 178. MALTRAVER8, anm^, I., 10t«, 192; PI.
XXIL, fig. 11, p. 196. MALVOISIN, II., 405. MAM ELLIN I, am*, IL, PI. VI., fig. 6, p.
84. Mamehike, tnxiqn*, L, 88. Man, L, PI. XXIII., fig. 1, p. 206. Man, Wild, a» a chanfr, I., 210. MAN, ISLE and KINGDOM of, armn, L,
219; PI. XXIIL, fig. 9, p. 206; amu,
11., 56, 93. Maneht, or Maunche, I., 434.
,, -WJaZ-fatV/tV, I., 478. MANCHESTER, Duke of, suppwtot, I.,
800. 301. MONTAGU, Dukes of,
amut, IL, 1S5. MANCICOURT, anas, L, 151. MANDELSLOII, Counts of, ar»w, I., 401. MANDERSCHEID, Counts of, arm*, 1 1.,
24. MANDEVILLB, Earl of ESSEX, arm»,
I., 9J ; biuif/f, II., 216. Mandoline as a chargt, I., 399. Mantd, L,434. MANEGIIEM, s<f FEVERE. MANFREDI, an.is, I., 92, 171 ; PI. XV.,
fig. 11, p. 152. MAN I AGO, Counts, arms, 1 , 102. Manipvlf, I., 478. MANNERS, JOHN, (trms, II. , 186.
Lord WILLIAM, IL, 1S6. of Belvoir, Sir GEORGE,
IL, 150. Sir JOHN, Earl of RUT- LAND, anus, II. , 150. Sir WILLIAM, IL, 186. MANNSFKLD, Counts of, aruu, I., 267. MANNY, Sir WALTER DE, arua, L,
. 150. MANSUOTTER, KARIN, ann«, I., 323. MANSEL, oj j/M, I., 392. MANSFELD, Counts of, anns, IL, 112.
sre COLLORBDO. MANSFIELD, Earl of, ari,i», II. , 45. Mantel, L, 434. ManUlf. L, 97, 98, 434, 478. MANTEUFFEL, Counts ron, arms, I.,
134.
Manticoi'a, or Man-tigtr, L, 484. Mantle, Mantling, II., 434. ,
Mantltd, L, 97.
Mantles, II.. 250. i
Mantlings, IL, 434. l
MANTUA. GIOVANNI FRANCESCO, ; Marquis of, arms, 1 1., 158.
„ GONZAOA. Duke of, amis, '
L, 103. 261, 271 ; IL, 124, 157.
VOL. II.
MANUEL, arms, IL, 190.
King of PORTUGAL, I., 250. „ MARIE, anus, IL, 60.
MAR, ALEXANDER STEWART, £arl of, anus, II., 190. „ and KELLIE, Earls of, arms, II.,
139. ,, Earldom of, arms, I., 171 ; II. , 69,
190 ; coat, 1.S9. ,, Earls of, anus, I., 188; supporters,
801. „ ERSKINE, Earl of, arms, I., 181. „ GRATNEY, Earl of, II., 55. ,, MARGARET STUART, Countess
of, stnl, IL, 6«, 73. „ Sir DONALD of, arms, IL, 65. MARANS, anns, I., 179. Mnrcassins, I., 478. MARCELS, arnut, I., 161. MARCH, anus, II. . 56. „ Earl of, IL, 15. ,, Earls of, arms, L, 181 ; II., 10; borilurt-, 31 ; ertst, 235. MORTIMER, Earl of, arms, I.,
1 "R
Roger mortimer, Eari or,
1 1., 76. „ White lion of, IL, 180, 215, 279.
325. MARCHALCK VON BIBERSTEIN,
arms, L, 10«>. MARCHAND, «»»i/i, I., 74. MARCHE, HUGH DB LUSIGNAN, Coiritttdela, I., 319. OLIVIER DE LA, IL, 808 ;
quoted, 249. w^IiOURBON. „ see LECOY.
MARCHYDD AP CYNAN, arm.*, L, 212. MARCK, Counts de la, arm*, L, 136; II., 240, 323, 3:i3, •664. ,, lamhrei/uin, II., 246. MARCONN^, BRANDT, CounUde, anH^
I. 332. MAREUIL, see BOULA. MARGARET (of DENMARK), Queen of
SCOTLAND, I., 353. MARGENS, arm*, I., 77. MARGUERIE, MarquiM de, arm*, I., 854. MARGUEIUT, arms, I., 354. Maravtritt* rut charftes, I., 354. MARIA THERESA, Onhr of, IL, 885. MARIE ANTOINETTE, Queen of FRANCE, IL, 194. THERtSE of AUSTRIA, Queen, ariiis, II., 82. MARIENRODE, MALCHUS, Counts of,
arms, L, 395. Marigold as a charge, I., 35»f. Marine, I., 478. MARINO, arms, L, 8.30. MARIONI, JULIO, arms, 1 1., 156. MARISCHAL, KEITH, Earl, arms, I.,
132. MARK, Counts of, see MARCK, helm, L, 24. „ County, arm*, IL, 91, 108, 116. MARKHAM, aruiM, L, 234; PI. XXV.,
fig. 3, p. 234. Maris of Cadency, 1 1., 54. MARLBOROUGH, arm*, IL, PI. X., fig.
S, p. 140. „ Duke of, supporter*,
L, 307 ; antis, 1 1., 60, 154, 283.
2 I
»•
( 482 )
MarUt, I., 434.
MARLEY, MONTMORKNCY DB, amis,
II., 02. MARMION, ar»wr, I., 134 ; II., 152.
PHILIP, Baron of 8CRIVEL- 8 BY, I., ;i62. Mavmite, I., 478. MARMYON, armn, I., 363.
PUILIP, an/M, II., 292. MARNY, WILLIAM DB, »uppwtos, II.,
284. MARPI, arm«, I.. 330. MARQUAUD DE 8CHELTENBER0,
»eal, II., 237. Marque, I., 478.
Marqnetis, rorotx^t of a, II , 265. Marqueti, 1., 478. Mar», I., 72,434. MARSCHALCK, arms, I., 148; PI. YII.,
fig. 5, p. 98. MARSHAL of Uengham, WILLIAM,
anH4, II., 2»2. MARSHALL, hmlfft, I., 372.
„ Ct.L WILLIAM, at-vu, II.,
150. ,, Earl of PEMBROKE, ann<,
L, 227. ilanhaUiiiff, II., 63.
„ bv atiUition of escucheon »ur-
toat, II., 107. ,, dimidiation, XL, 74. ,, impaU))U!Ht, II., 74. ,, tjv.arlerinf/, II., 98. ,, simpU iinpalementy II.,
It i> i>
tt
86.
MARSI, ConnUde, ami*, I., 184. MARTBLL, JOHN, RICHARD and WILLIAM, a>m», L, 409, „ RICHARD, aniut, IL, 10.
WALTER, ay-itu!, II., 10. MARTBNSON, II., 403. MARTIAN, LE SEIGNEUR DE, an>w,
I., 401>. MARTIGUE8, Prince DE, aruu, I., 388. MARTIN, ariM, I., Ui7 ; uioUo, II., 387. Martinet, I., 478. MARTINET, arm*, 1., 190. MARTINEZ, II.. 403; see MENESEZ. May tut, I., 278.
,, mark of fourth son, II., 54. Martlets, I., PI. XXIX., fig. 4, p. 278. MARY I., Queen of ENGLAND, wotto, II., 335. II., Qiioen of GREAT BRITAIN, annH, 1., 123; II., 828; artttJt, 326 ; Violto, 335 ; PI. XXVI., fig. 6, p. 830. „ PrinceKS, ItVtd, fig. S, II., 21, 22. „ Queen of ENGLAND, 11., 364;
anns, 324 ; .<upf>orttrs, 825. ,, Queen of SCOTLAND, 1., 363; deriee, 313; ««/, 348; 1 1., 95, 96 ; s(al, 78 ; supporters, 281. (STUART), Qneen of SCOT- LAND, I., 187. „ (TUDOR) Queen of ENGLAND, badpe, IL, 223. MASCARRNHAS, amis, I, 138. MascU, I., 192, 195, 434 ; PL XIX., fig. 9, p. 176. „ The, 1., 126. Maseles conjoined, I., PL XIX., fig. 11, p. 176.
»»
i>
• > II
Masculy, I., 109, 434.
Masoned, I.. 875, 484.
Masqui, I., 478.
MASSA, Principality of, II., 158.
Massacre, I., 246, 478.
Masses d:" Alines, I., 478.
MA8S0N, aiiM, I., 198.
MAS80NS DB MAISON-ROUGE, orsns,
I. 293. MAS80W, Baron, anus, I., 137. Masnrr, I., 478. MatchlocL- as a charge, I., S82. MATHAN, uwtto, IL, 386. MATHEWS, arms, I., 225. MATH I AS, anus, I., 403. MATILDA, Queen, I., 26. MATOS, arms, L, 385. MAUBLANC, ariM, L, 75. MAUBUISSON, PERRENELLE DE,
seal, I., 70. MAUD, Emureae, I., 26. MAUGIRON, ai-iM, L, 05 ; PL VL, flg. 3,
p. 94. MAULE, arms, I., PI. XX., fig. 2, p. 180 ; II., 50. Earl of DALHOU8IE. amu, I..
133 157. Earl Jf PAN MURE, arviu, I.,
180. I.ord PANMURE, arms, I.,
157. Sir DAVID, Sfal, I., 181. Sir EDWARD DE, m-wu, II. . 50.
„ Sir ROBERT DE, arms, IL, 60. MAULEON, arms, I., 226. MAULE VERER, baAJffe, IL, 401. MAULlSVRlBR, aruis, I.. 128, 258.
„ BREZE, Comtes de,
arms, I., 172. COLBERT, MarqnU de, anus, I., 289. MAULEY, arms, IL, 50.
,, Ix)rd de, supporters, II., 297.
Maunck, I., PI. XXXVIL, fig. 1, p. 398. Maunclie, I., 434.
„ as a charge, I., 392. MAUNDBVILLE, Sir JOHN, travtU, I..
299. MAUPEOU, Marquises de, aruu, T.,
251. MAURICE, Blazon des Armoirie* de tov^ les Chevaliers de VOrdre de la ToUon d'Or, I., 64, 99, 180, 191, 310, 865; IL, 8, 25, 29, 47, 59, 91, 98, 108, 124. 137, 197, 199, 248, 270, 842. MAUVOISIN, II. , 405. MAWLEY, anus, I., 140. MAXELRAIN, amis, IL, 136.
„ County of, crest, II., 240.
see HOHENWALDECK. MAXIMILIAN, Archduke, IL, 278.
„ IL.Emperor, I., 402; II.,
158. „ King of the ROMANS,
seal, I., 294. MAXIXCATL, Tlie Tlaxcallan leader's
shield, I., 23. MAXWELL, ft>f»«, I., 154.
„ Loixl HBRRIES, arm*, IL.
16. „ of Pollock, iupporttra, !,,
252.
( 483 )
>»
MAXWELLS in SOUTH SCOTLAND,
IL, 5. MAYKNCB, L'EVEQUE, amis, IL, PL
XL, fig. 4, p. 144. MAYER, C. VON, IkraldUekti A. B. C.
Buchy L, 404. MAYNARD, anM, L, PI. XXIIL, fig. 7, p. 206.
DE 8T. MICHEL, Connte, anns, L, "il7. ,, Lords, arni.%, L, 217.
MAYNIER, Barons d'OPPEDE, ar»w,
L, 149. MAZINGHEM, arnui, L, 05. M'ADAM, arnu, I., 307. M' DOUG ALL, nruut, I., 226. M'GREGOR, anm, L, 334; PI. XXXIL,
fig. 2, p. 836. M'LAREN, arms, I., ir>0. M'LAURIN, anus, I., 387. MLEOD, annt, L, 220 ; PI. XXXI., fig. 10, p. 822. ,, of Lewis, arms, L, 332.
M'MAHON, ar>u8, I., PI. XXIV., fig. 6, p.
224. MMURROUGH, King of LBIN8TER,
antut, I., 360. MEDARES, an/M, L, 3S6. MEAUX, Vicoiutes dti, ar*/u, I., .355; IL,
405. MECKLENBURG, cocLadf, IL, 377.
,, Grand Duke, annt,
IL, lU. HENRY the LION of, IL, 116. ,, Princes of, arms, L,
90, 218, 801; IL, 330. „ -STRELITZ, CHAR-
LOTTE SOPHIA, daughter of CHARLES, Duke of, amis, I., 380. MECHLIN, arrnn, IL. 201.
GAULTIER BERTAUT, Seigneur de, arms, II. , 12. MEDCALFE, arms, L. 247. MEDICI, arms, IL, 78, 124, 159; m, 887.
„ COSMO DE, arms, L, 203. „ DONATUS DE, Biahop of,
PISTOIA, arm*, L, 203. „ Grand Dukes of TUSCANY,
anns, I., 203. „ MARIE DE. arms, IL, 258. „ Queen MARIE DE, s€aL IL, 78. TOMMASO DE, arms, IL, 147. MEDICO DAL SALE, arms, L, 820. MEDINA DEL RIO SECO, HENRI- QUEZ, Dukes of, arms, IL, 202. SIDONIA, GUZMAN, Dukes of, arms, I., 405 ; motto, IL, 881. Mkluse Ute, de, L, 478. MEERMANN, Barons, arms, I., 319. MEGB, VAN DER, arms, I., 389. MEGBNTZER, VON, amis, L, 97. MEGENZER, arms, I., PL XVIIL, fig.
10, p. 158. MEGHEM, CANO, Barons de, amis, I.,
877 MEGGOTT, anns, I., 76. MEGRBT, arms, L, 78. MEHRBNBERG, Lordship of, arms, L, 172 ; PI. XVI., fig. 9, p. 164.
If
MEISSEN, Markgraves of, L, 225 ; arms,
IL, 382, 884. MEJUSSUAUME, DU GU^, Vioomtea
de, arms, L, 152. MELDRUM, arms, L, 251 ; PI. XXVIL,
fig. 8, p. 250; IL. 05. MELGUEIL, RAYMOND IL, Comte de,
arms, L, 128. MKLIAND, see CHATEAU, L, 138. MELIORATI, arms, L, 328. virions as charges, I., 368. MELUN, ARBALESTES, Vicomtes de, arms, L, 366. „ annji, I., 3oS ; IL, 281.
„ HUGUES DE, arms, IL, 48.
„ LE sire de, arms, IL, 48.
,, Vicomte de, IL, 405.
Mdusiiu, L, 478.
„ used as crtst and supporter, I., 819. Hembtrtd, L, 269, 434. Membri, I., 478.
,, d'aiglc, I., 478. „ «(« lion, L, 478. MeuibrU, L, 269. MEMMI, an/til, L, 358. MEMMINGEN, anas, IL, 84. MENDANHA, arms, L, 1S8. MENDEZ, arms, I., 233. MENDOSA, arms, L, PL XXXVII. , fig.
12, p. 394. MENDOZA, arms, L, 370; IL, 29, 129. Count of CORU25^A, amis, IL, 92. „ Counts de PRIEGO, ar,M,
IL,92. „ DIEGO HURTADO, DE,
IL, 129. Duke of INFANTADGO, arms, I., 411. „ Marquises of CANNETTE,
supporters, 1 1., 290. „ MENCIA, DE, IL, 29.
„ PEDRO GONSALEZ, DE,
IL, 129. MBNESEZ, arms, L, 73; IL, 204, 870. „ DOJTA TERESA MARTI-
NEZ, IL, 204. MENESTRIER or MEN£:TRIER, Ahregi
MethoiWjtie dts Prin- ctj)M Hh'aldiques, on du Veritable Art du BloMH, L, 12, 28, 168, 163, 102; II., 87. rArt du Btaton Justijii,
L, 168. La Nouxellc MHhode (?u
Blason, I., 178. Lt Heraut d'Armts, IL,
230. I' Usage des Armoirits, II.,
812. Pratiqxudes Armoiries, L,
112. quoted, I., 37, 46, .'>4, 67, 261, 870, 404 ; IL, 56, 204, 304, 412. Becherches du Blazon, IL, 1, 174, 176, 802, 804. ,, Traite de I' Origins dcs
AnMiries, I., 19, 28, 44, 46, 56, 177, 260, 288 ; IL, 245, 897, 405.
n
>>
I)
>>
It
>>
( 484 )
MEXESTRIER or MEN^^TRIER, V*ayt
dtt Annoirieti, II., 272, 283. „ Work* of, II., 8.
MEN'SCHIKOFF, Prince*, aruiM, 11., IW. MEN8DORF-POUILLY, ann», I., 225. MENTEITH, antm, I., 140. MENTZ, See of, am«, II., 144. JdfiiH-vair, I., 78. Mtmivair, Minirtr, I., 478. Meui'.raire, 1., 478. MENZIE8, anM, I., 128. MEO, II., 404. MERIT FOR BRITISH INDIA, ORDER
OF, II., 358. MEUAVIGLIA, a/MW, I., 150. MERCtEUR, a/ »/<?, I., 138. Md'Cf.rif, I., 72, 434. MEREDITH, ar>M, I., 226. MERGETH AP CYNAX, amif, I.,
212. M^RITE, ORDER POUR-LE , II.,
167. MERKMAX, amis, II., 801). MERLE DE LA GORCE, DE, ann» and
tupjyorters, II., 291. Malettt, L, 278, 478. Mtrlion, I., 435. Merloni, I., 435. Mtriuaid as a charge, I., 315. Menuan as a charge, L, Sl'.i. MERODE, DE, ann* and nupporUrSf 11.,
291. MEROVINGIAN, Princes, I., tf. MER8EMANN, ami*, 1., li)5. AIcrlrLr, I., 43-5. MERTZ, lauibretjuiv, 11., 24t5. MERWEEDE, DANIEL VAN DER,
arm*, II., PL XIII., flg. 5, p. 156. MERWINGS, Dynasty of the, I., 0. MESANVEN, motto, IL, 3S7. MESLAV, DE THOU, Comte de, amut,
I., 294. MESNIL, »€t REVEREND.
-CAUJON, AMBROISE VIE,
bieur. de, 1 1., 406. ME8TICU, anu», L, 303. Mital reprenented by i)oints, I., 70. MetaU, I., 66, 435. Mtttiujc, I., 478. METCALFE, ar.un, I., 247. METHVEN, HENRY STUART, Lord,
arm*. II., 139. METSCII, am-, I., 146. METTLER, ana*, II., 1«;7. METZ, HENRY of, orinnia,n>, II,, ,31 L M( utiles, I., 478. MEULAN, JEAN DE, »eal, L, 52.
„ ROGER DE, «.«/, I., 52.
MEULLENT, Connta of, ar,i.j«, I., 227. MEUNIER, LE, II., 408. MEURS, C«mnty of, armx, I., 134. MEXBOROUGH,8AV1LE, Earl of, orww,
I.. 140. MEXICO, Ranks in, I., 23. MEXICAN Repnblic, arm*, L, 24. MBYNELL, «r)ii^ L, hO. MEYRICK, Sir CHARLES, referred to,
I. 40. MezaiJ, l.\ 478. MEZERAY, L'Abriiff ChroHoloffique dc
VU'utout de Franca, I., 36. M^ZI^RES, B^THIbV, Marquis de,
arm», I., 106.
, M ICH AEL, Archangel, 1 1. , 261 , 83$. ,, coiiUf I., 261.
„ VII., Emperor, II., 260, 201.
MICH ELI, aiMW, L, 102. 405.
,, Doge DOMENICO, I., 405.
MICHBLL,a)«»*, L, 196. MIDAS, T{Ud£, iL, 478. „ //•r<u/o/, 1L,239, 280. „ head OM a chcwge, I., 213. Miudlt bat point, I., 65. ,, chief point, L, 65. MIDDLETON, Earl of, aniut, L, 11<0. MILLESIMO, Marquises de BAVONA,
ann* and supporterM, II., 288. MIEROSZEWSKY, arnu, L, 67. MIEROZEWSKY, UtMbrequin, II., 248. MIQNIANELLI, arvt*, I., 79, 80. MIKADO, badges, iigs. 6 and 6, I., 22,
23. MIlVn, Duchy, anof, I., 288; II., 124, 128. „ GIAN GALEAZZO VISCOXTI, Duke of, aruu, II. , 16L Military banners tin charge*, I., 368.
,, charges, I., 362. Mill-pick, I., 43o. ,, Hnd, L, 435. ,, sails as cfiargts, I., 40::^. MILLAR, antu, I., 217. MILLESIMO, Counts, ana*, L, 10i>. MILLY, arttis, I., 8.")6. MILON, IL, 405. MILTOWN, LEESON, Earls of , antt*, I.,
828. Mi-parli, I., 478. MINDELHEIM, arms, IL, ISr.. MlNt)EN, arm*, IL, 330. MINERBETTI, anns, L, 363; IL, 51. MINGOVAL, HUGH, Seigneur de, aiinj>,
IL.Cl. Mini re r, L, 78, 435. MINSHULL, aniw, L, 324. MINTO, ELLIOTT, Earl of, orj>w, L,
212. MiraiUv, L, 47?. MIRAMOMELIN, L, 370. MIRANDA, Counts of, anus, IL, 129. 3I1RANDOLA, Dukes of, anus, IL, 132, 158 ; mantling, 251. „ PICO, Princes de la, arM*,
L, 109. MIREPOIX, LEVIS, Dues de, ant^, L, 150. PIERRE CHARLES DE LEVIS, Duke de, I., 63. MI RON, IL, 405. AlirrOTM as charffes, I., 407. MU tinier tt^/f, L, PL XVIIL, fig. 6, p.
158. MITCHELL, ann*, I., 196. MITFORD, aniw, L, PL XXVIL, fig. 11, 1>. 250. Loni REDESDALE, amur, I., 251. Mitre, I., 435.
,, as a chargr, I., 887. MITTELSTAEDT, motto, IL, 383. MITTR0W8KI, Barons, ar»M, L, 131. MOCENIGO, arms, L, 340. MODENA, ALPHONSO D'ESTE, Duke of, IL, 828. ,, Dukes of, arms, L, 267; IL,
124, 131, 158, 162; PL VIL, flg. 1, p. 130.
I
( 48s )
MODENA, MARIE D'ESTE of, aruu and
Mupporter*^ II., 828. Mode» 0/ Partition, I., 84, 87, 88. HOER, Barons VAN DE, supporter, II.,
296. MOFFAT, ariM, I., 155. MOHAMMED IBXELAHMAR, thield,
I., 39. MOHAMMED'S cloke, I., 37. MOHR DE TARANT^BERG, Counte,
arum, I., 212. MOHUN, aniu, I., 152, 218.
„ JOHN DE, annn, II., 72.
„ WILLIAM DE, arnu, 1., 392.
MOIGNE, Sir WILLIAM, amit, II., 402. MOIGNON, Me BARTELLE. MOLAY DE, ann», L, 189. MOLDAVIA, ann4, II., 341. Mole, L, PI. XXVIL, fig. 11, p. 250. MOLEMBAIS, ar,u4, I., 138.
„ BALDWIN, Ix)rd of,
arms, II., 60. ,, JEAN, Seigneur de, II.,
199. MOLEN, Marquis de ST. PONCY, «)»«,
L, 155. MOLERON, wf BOURGEOIS. Moles a* rhnr(ie», I., 251. MOLESWORTH, Viscount, txtjrporUr, I.,
813. Molelte, I., 479.
,, cut a charge, I., 325. MOLINA, ARGOT E DE, Noideza del Aii'laliisia, I., :170.
„ Sir NICOLO DE, arm», II.,
156. Moline Cro»*, I., 167, 435. MOLINEUX, ar,M, I., 168. MOLL, nriM, I., 252.
,, VON, an»w, I., 148. MOLLE, ariH$, I., 252. ' MOLTKE, Counts von, aruut^ I., 278; II.,
165. MOLYNEUX, armn, I., PL XVI., flg. 1, p. 154. ,, Earls of SEFTON, anm, I.,
168. MOMPEROUX, Comte de, arim, I., 163. MONACO, GRIMALDI, Princes of, m-im,
I., 110; IL,341. MONCADA, arnu, I., 406. Monde, I., 470.
MONEMUTH, JOUAN DE, nniw, II., 37. MONESTAY, arm*, 1., 1.39. Money an a ckarqe, I., 404. MONK-BRETTON, Lord, Bupportert, II.,
297. Monkey, T., PI. XXVIL, fig. 12, p. 250. MONMOUTH, JAMES FITZROY, Duke
of, unrnt, II., 182. MONNET, Sires de, arvM, I., 404. MONRO of Fonlis, arm*, I., 271. Mon*lers a* charges, I. , 290. Moti*trufux, I., 479. MONT DU, qnoteil, I., 304. MONTACUTB, ar,u*, I., 268 ; PI. XIX.,
fig. 10, p. 176 ; II., 185 ; badge, 402. EarU of SALISBURY, anti*, 1., 194. „ T^rd, bwlge, II., 400.
SIMON, brother of
JOHN, Earl of SALISBURY, II.,
185.
>•
M
>l
II
MONTACUTB, SIMON DE, an»M, I., ,300. „ WILLIAM, Earl of
SALISBURY, II., 844. MONTAGU, on)M, II., 322.
Dnke of MANCHESTER,
ami*, II., 185. Earls of SALISBURY, arni*,
I., 194. EDWARD DE, arm*, 11. , 18. J. A., Ouide to the Study of Heraldry, L, 29; II., 76, 171, 284. ,, of Ludsdowne, JAMES, II.,
186. quoted, 11. , 170, 179, 180,
213. Sir JOHN NEVILLE, Mar- quis of, a^iM, II., 109. Sir SIMON DE, ann*, II., 100. MONTALEMBERT, Comtes de, mottOf
II., 387. „ Marquisesand
Comtek de, ar%iu, I., 168. MONT ALT, arm*, I., 226. MONTANGON, anwt, I., 95. Montant, I., 822, 479. MONTAUBAN, arm*, I., 121, 147.
„ DE ROHAN, Princes de,
ariti*, I.. 196. MONTAUSIER, ST. MAUR, Dues de,
arm*, I., 134. MONT BAR, DE, arm*, I., 08. MONTBAZON, DE ROHAN, Dues de,
arm*, I., 196, 226; II., 128. MONTBBILLARD, CounU of, *tc MUM-
PELGARD, arni*, L, 284. MONTBBILLARD, DE, II., 409.
„ LE COMTE DE,
ai-m*, II., PI. XI L, fig. 8, p. 148. THIERRY IL, Count of, seal, I., 48. MONTCHAL, arm*, I., 204. MONTCHENSY, arm*, I., 179. MONTCHEVREUIL, anus, II., 40. .MONTCONIS, arms, I., 187. MONTE BELLO, LANNES, Ducde,or»M,
I., .363. MONTEFELTRO, Duke of URBINO,
arm*, II., 134. MONTEFIORE, motto, II., .387. MONTEIL ADH^MAR DE, Comte de
GRIGNAN, ai-m*, I., 142. MONTE I RO DE CAMPOS, La Nobili-
a)rftia Portuguexa, I., 397. MONTEMAR, Dnqne de, ann*, II., ISO. MONTENDRE, ALIANORE, II., 80. MONTENEGRO, arms, II., 841. MONTEPULCIANO, arms, I.. 301. MONTB8QUIOU, DIB, arms, 1.. 117.
„ Marquises de FEZEN-
SAC, arrus, I., 202. MONTEZUMA, banner, I., 24; sJiUUl,
25. MONTPAUCON, Le* Monvmen* de la
Monaixhie Fmngaise, I., 296. ,, quoted, I., 27, 345.
MONTFBRRAT, Duchy of, anns, I.,
128. ,, Marquesses of, I., 261.
MONTFORD, BROMLEY, Barons, arms, I., 92.
( 486 )
II
If
M
ft
If
It
MONTFORT, AMAURYand SIMON DE, an)ur, II., 70. „ aiiu*, I., 105, 170 ; PI. XVI.,
fig. 6, p. 154. Counts of, amut, I., 3Sd ;
II., 13. County, arni», II., 121. RAOITL DE, Heignenr de
KERGOLAY, II., 05. SIMON DE, Earl of LEICESTER, anns, I., 231. MONTGOMERIE. Earls of EGLING-
TON and WINTON, arms, I., 205. MONTGOMERY, ann*, I., 58.
JOHN, badge, II.,
210. HERBERT, EarU of,
aituM, I., 23(5. ROGER DE, Earl of SHREWSBURY, I., 52. „ Sir THOMAS, bwfffe,
II., 225. MONTHBRMBR, arM$, IT., 822.
RALPH DE, Earl of GLOUCESTER, onjw, I., 2()S. MONTI, arm*, I., 81, 82 ; PI. IX., fig. 6,
p. 106. MOUNTJOY, an»w, I., 122. MONTL^ART, Princeis of. aiiii$, I., 202. MONTLEON, ann», I., 226. MONTMORENCY, arms, I., 270; 11., 36,
100, 390 ; Ixidf/e, 213; bruuresy 61. BOUCHARD DE,
II., 404. CHARLOTTE DE, arvu, II., PI. v., fig. 4, p. 76. DE, kiUa HENRY of FRANCE, L, 41. -LAVAL, ami*, I., 270; II., 75, 78, 127. -LAVAL, GUY DE,
ami*, II., 77. -LAVAL, and MONT- MORENCY . OLI- VET, ami*, II., PI. v., fig. 3, p. 76. M A T H 1 E U DE,
crfgt, II., 228. MATHIEU L DE,
teal, I., 49. MATHIEU IL, DE,
teal, I., 84, 49. MATHIEU DE, iKtnner, II., 301. ,, $tip^}ortei-«, 1 1., 2^2.
MONTPELLIER, GUILLAUME V.,
Seigneur de, anu4i, I., 202. MONTPENSIER, Diicsde, a*i<M, IL, 40. MONTRAVEL, TARDY, Conite de, anu*,
L, 335 ; 1 1., 42. MONTROSE, Bnrgh, ana*, L, 819, B4'2 ; IL, 139. DAVID, Duke of, teal, 1 1.,
139. GRAHAM, Duke of, aifti*, I., 287.
„ Third Marqnia of, II. , 105.
Monumenta Zollerana, IL. 68. Monuuients, arnu on aepulchnl, I., 44.
II If fi
It
It
ft
It
II II
MONYPENNY, an>i*, I., 288.
THOMAS, arm*, II., 39. jk/oon a* a chat'yt, L, 322. Moor-fowl a* ehat-tjt*, I., 279. MOORE, Sir JOHN, an,i*, I., 309 ; motto^
IL, 885. Moor*' Hciuh, L, PI. XXIIL, fig. 6, p.
206. Moo*€-dfer a* tv.ppotttr*, I., 245. MORANDAIS, »e«CHATON. M0RANGI8, tte BARILLON. MoraHles, I., 479. MORAVIA, Markgrayate, arm*, I., 207 ;
II. 122 335. MORAY, DUNBAR, Karl of, oi"M«, L, 394. „ ELIZABETH, Countew of,
IL, 191. JAMES STEWART, Earl <.f,
ann*, 1 1., 191. RANDOLPH, Earl of, anu*,
I., 894. Regent, arm*, II. , 191. THOMAS DUNBAR, Earl of, IL, 52.
„ THOMAS, Earl of, 9eal, L,
894. THOMAS RANDOLPH, Earl of, a)*)u«, I., 188. MORDWINOFF, annt, IL, 164. MOREA, PHILIP, Prince of, 11.. 204,
205. MORENO DE VARGAS, BARNAB^,
quoted, 1., 177. MORBTON, arm*, L, 258; IL, 405. MOREUIL, arm*, I., 235. MOREVIL, Constable de, teal, I.. 52. MORGAN, arm*, I., 226, 301.
,, Sphere of Gentry, IL, 292.
MORHEM, MONTMORENCY - LAVAL
DE, «n»w, II. , 62. MORHIER, motto, IL. 384. MORICE, Mhnmre* ponr ttrvir ilt Preurea a VHittoire EceU*ia*tiqxie tt Cirilf tU Brttaffue, I., 47; IL, 50, 75, 78, 86, 100 279. MORIEN, arm*, I., 199. Morion, L, 435.
„ a* a charge, I., 408. MORISON, arm*, I., PI. XXIIL, fig. 5, i>. 206. ,, of Dnirsie, annt, I., 213.
MORLEY, anm, L, 238.
„ Loni, badge, IL, 400.
„ PARKER, Earl of, or><a, I..
196. MORNAY, DE, arm*, I., 232. Mome, I., 282, 479. MORNY, Due de, ann*, L, 278: IL.
196. M0R08INI, ann*, I., 140 MORRA, Princes of, arm*, IL, 162. MORRIS, Lord, cat, IL, 243. MORSAN. LB SENS, Marqaiaee de, arw*
L, 888. Mor»e, L, 485. MORSKI, an,i*, I., 865. Mort, I., 435. MORTAGNE, COfiTIVY, Princes of. or«*«
I., 108. MORTAIQNE, JOHN, Count of, teal, L,
57 ; ann*, IL, 818. Mortaite, L, 87, 479. MORTAL, *ee DIDIBR.
( 487 )
It
It
ti i> f* I*
If
Mortar, I., 4S5.
MORTE, ajiw<, I., 216.
MORTEM AR, ROCIIECHOUART, Due
de, antut, I., 103. MORTEMER, aruu, II., 36. Mortier, II., 479.
MORriMER, arvM, L, 122, 340 ; PI. XIX., fig. 6, p. 176; II., 35, 101, 180, 323 : badf/e, 402. Earl of MARCH, anng, I.,
l''S EDMIJXD, a}'nu, II., d(i; ttal of, II., PJ. II., fig. 2, p. 18 ; MupporUr^t 279. GEOFFREY, ami*, II., 30. HENRY DE, an}ut, II., 3i>. JOAN, anm, II., 36. RAF DE, arms, II., 36. ROGER, II., 217; anus, 36. Earl of MARCH, II., 76. seal of EDMUND, I., 178. „ WILLIAM DE, onus, II.,
86. ilortn^, or Aforn^, I., 436. MORTON, Earld of, aitns, I., ISO ; uiant-
linff, IL, 251. MORVILLE, amis, II., 03. M0SC080, anus, II., 130. MOSCOW, anus, II., 163, 337. MOSES, amis, L, 136; PI XII., fig. 7, p. 134. „ Proi>hecy of, I., 19. MOST, arms, L, 08.
MOSTYN, LLOYD, Lord, anus, I., 212. MOTTE-FOUQUE, Barons de la, anus, I., 352. ,, JEANNE, Comtesw de U, II.,
104. ,, LA, aruit, I., 180. M0TTER0UG6, s«e LINIBRES. ilotlo, I., 435. Mottoes, II., 878.
„ alhuive to the name, II., 880. „ Historical, II., 380. ,, Reliffious, II., 385. MOUCHARD, Comte de CHABAN, anus,
I., 294. Movchetf, I., 479. Hiovrhcturf*, I., 470. MOUCHY, NOAILLES, Dues de, anus,
I., 140. MOULE, IfemUlry of Fish, L, 281, 283,
814,315, 819; IL, 248, 250. M0ULIN8, anus, 1., 101. MOULTON of Frankton, Lord, at-nui, II., 10. ,, „ Gillealand, I^rd, arms, II. ,
10. „ THOMAS, Baron of Egre- mont, arms, IL, 10. Mouml, I., 435.
Mount, L, 485; PLXXXIL, fig. 4, p. 336. „ as a chargt, I., 829. ,. in base as a charge, I., SSI. MOUNT. TEMPLE, I^ord, suppm-ter, I.,
SIS. Mountetl, L, 435. MOUNTBNEY, anus, IL, 10. MOUNTENY, ARNULF DB, seal, I., 63. MOUNTFORD, arms, L, 105, 227.
it I*
Mounting, I., 435.
MOUSKES, PHILIPPE, HUtoria Fran-
coi'uui, L, 257; qnoted, IL, 311. MOUSSAYE, LA, Viconitea de ST.
DENOUAL, anus, I., 106. Mouton, L, 479.
„ a Piloter, I., 479. Mourant, L, 470.
MOWBRAY, arms, L, 226; IL, 102; badge, 401.
I^rd, supporter, L, 315. NIGEL DE,«ra/, I., 56. ROGER DE, seal, I., 56. THOMAS, Duke of NOR- FOLK, anus, 1 1., 93, 148. MOYLE, anns, L, 240. MOYNE, LE, IL, 236. MOZZI, anus, I., 170. MUCKBLOW, WILLIAM, IL, 186. MUDERSBACII, arnu, I., 05. MtJHL,, Barons, arms, L, 3H5. MUHLINGEN, County, arms, I., 267. MULA, Count DA, supporters, II. ,
287. MULLER, Baron, antis, L, 356. Mullet, I., 43.5.
„ as a charge, I., 325. „ mark of third son, IL, 54. Mullets, L, PI. XXX I., fig. 7, p.
322. MULTON, arms, L, 138 ; II. , 03, 288. MUMPELGARD, Counts of, see MONT- BBILLARD, anm, L, 284 ; crtst, II., 289. MUN, Marquises de, anus, I., 896; PI.
XXXVL, fig. 10, p. 3S0. MUNDEGUMBRI, JOHN DE, seal, I.,
52. MUNOIS, GUY DE, Monk of St. Germain rAnzerroia, seal of, IL, 412; PI. IL, fig. 3, p. 18. MU^OZ, arms, I., 370. MUNRO, aniis, L, PI. XXVIIL, fig. 4, p.
256. MUNSTER, WILLIAM GEORGE FITZ- CLARENCE, Earl of, arms, 1 1., 183. ,, Prince Bishopric of, amw, I.,
134. MUNSTERBERG, Dukes of, arnu, L,
247. MUNTBNY, ARNULF DE, seal, I., 63. MUNTZBNBERG, ConntB of, anus, I.,
00; IL. 112. MUNZINGEN, Barons von, arms, I., 130. Mar, I., 470. Mwtil'Croirn, L, 435. MURAT, L, 219. MURATORI, Be Corona Perrta, IL, 254.
,, quoted, L, 55.
MURCIA, Kingdom, anus, I., 395. MURINAIS-BIGBART, arms, IL. 148. MURRAY, artM, L, 189, 326 ; PI. XXXL, fig. 5, p. 322; IL, 6, 45, 140. „ Bishop, THOMAS, seal, I.,
385. „ of Bothwell, THOMAS, 1 1..
140. ,, „ Gask, WILLIAM, arm*,
1 1., 39. ,, Simprim, arms, 1 1., 193. ,, Tonchadaro, armA, L, 180. ,, „ TnlUbardine, arms, L,
180.
II
( 488 )
MURRAY, Sir ANDREW, boi'diot, 11.,
31. Mun'ni/, I., 435.
MUSGHAMP, antu, I., 138, 294, 295. Mv.*chHovr»^ I., 435. MUSGRAVB, ar»i*, I., 2a'>; PI. XXII.,
fig. 8, p. 196. MtufD'ooiH lu a eharijfy I., 361. Mvusical JiMtrv.nifnU a* charffe*, I,, 398. ,, «t(ii-f» with notes as charges^ I.,
402. MvAbnon, I., 435. Miuian, I., 239, 4.S6. MUSKAU, «« PUCKLE5R. Mu.%ktt as a eharqt, I., 382. MU8Y, «r»w, I., 220. MvxzUd, I., 436. MYCEN.E, I., 299, 822. MYPOXT, arms, I., 147. MYRETOUN of Canibo, Sir ROBERT, a)»i«, II., 402. „ of Gogar, Sir ANDREW,
amis^ II., 402. MYTERTON, amis, I., 388. Ndcrlle, I., 479. NACHTIGAL, arms, II., 167. I^affeant, I., 479. NaUmt, 1., 281, 283, 486. ^'aikd, I., 436. NAIMER, anns, I., 890. Naissant, I., 234, 486, 479; PI. XXV., fig.
6, I). 234. NAMUR, Counts of, ai-nis, II., 40.
I.E COMTE DE, anus, II., PI. XII., fig. 2, p. 148.
„ LOUISE DE, crest, II., 219.
,, PHILIP, Marqiiia of, armSf IL, 91*.
„ ROBERT DE, anus, 11. , 40;
crest, 219. NANI, arms, L, 88, 90. NAPIER ALEXANDER, seat, 1 1., 80.
„ antis, I., 154, 843 ; II., 41.
„ PATRICK, Lord, anus, 1.,
mo.
NAPLES, arms, IL, 90, 321.
„ Kingdom, anus, I., 250; IL,
124. ,, Kings of, anns, I., 129.
,, supjiorttrs, L, 319.
NAPOLEON, I., Emperor of FRANCE,
I., 326; bfidfie, 295, 299; IL, 138, 251, 268, 369 ; crown, 259. ,, III., Emperor of
FRANCE, L, 406 ; IL, 162. NARBOXNE, Dues de, anns, I., 73. Narcissus as acharae, L, 341, 436. NASH, anns, I., 232. NASHE, anus, L, PI. XXIV. fig. 10, p.
224. NASSAU, ADOLF of, coins, L, 258.
„ anus, L, 128, 172, 225, 228,
229, 230, 268, 401 ; PI. IX., fig.
11, p. 106; IL, 12, 81, 111, 206,
326, 328, 337 ; cockade, 377.
„ CHARLOTTE DE, anus, IL,
PJ. v., fig. 1, p. 76. „ CHARLOTTE and ISABELLA
of, anus, IL, 80. „ BNG ELBERT, Gomte de,
irreaih, IL, 248. „ JOHN LOUIS of, crtst, 11. , 240.
It
ti
NASSAU, MAURICE of. Prince of ORANGE, artM, 1 1., 108. „ .ORANGE, HENRY FRED- BRICK, Prinoe of. IL, 206. „ -ORANGE, label*, IL, 25.
Marks of Illegiti- macy in, IL, 205. „ -ORANGE, MAURICE, Prince
of, 1 1., 2a5. „ -ORANGE, Prinoe ALEX- ANDER of, {(U></, IL, 25. „ -ORANGE, Prinoe FRIEDRICH
of, label, IL, 25. „ -ORANGE, Prince HEXDRIK
of, label, II , 25. „ OUWERKERKE, HENRY, Count of, IL, 20*t. RICHARDE DE, an*M, IL, 46. NATHELEY, ani«, L, 288 ; PL XXX.,
fig. 1, p. 304. National Anus, IL. 317, S35.
„ Flofis, 1 1., 306. NATTENHEIM, aruts, L, 179. Naturet, Au, I., 479. Navtil Crown, L, 436.
NAVARRE, anns, l^ 73, 247, 370; PL XXXIV., fig. 10. p. 364; 1 1., 79, 80, 101, 128, 281, 819, 320, 327. „ BLANCHE DE, seal, IL, 86.
Chains of, I., 371 ; IL, 70. JOAN DE, seal, IL, 79. „ „ of, arms, IL, 320.
NAVI, anns, I., 141. Narire, I., 479. NAYE, DE LA, anus, I., 84. Neh\tU, L. 479. Nefjvlee, L, 86.
,, or Ncbuly, I., 436. Nebuly, fig. 28, I.'. 85, 86. NEMAUSUS, Medal of, L, 291. NEMI, BRASCHI, Duketi of, w^hs, I.,
329. Ntedle gtins as charges, I., 882. NKILSON, anus, I., 118. NEIPPERG, Counts von, arms, I., 205. NELSON, Lord, arms, 1 1., 154 ; crest, 242,
244. Nenuphar, FeuilUs de, I., 479. „ leaf, I., .339.
,, leaves, L, 436.
NEPTUNE, as a charge, L, 209. NERFORD, ALICE DE, anns, II., 177.
,, anns, IL, 34.
NERVAL, GERARD, DE, IL, 301. Nn-vi, I., 479. Nervtfl, L, 436.
NBSSELRODE, Counts Ton, anns I., 134. NESLE, C(£URET, Marquis de, anns, I.. 215. „ Marquis de, ai-ms, IL, 62. NETHERLANDS, Admirals of, crown,
1 1., 267. anns, IL, 341. coronet of a Baron in,
IL, 267. eoronft of Counts in,
IL, 266. coronet of Visoounta
in, IL, 266. Lion of tlie, 1 1., 25. Miirquiaea in, eorontt,
IL, 265. OrtUrsqftkg, IL,S71.
i» ti
i> i>
It It
It
( 489 )
NETHERLANDS, Soyal Standard^ II.,
815. ,, supporters in, II.,
283, 285. ,, ase of label in the,
II., 25. KettltM n$ charges, I., 337. NEU, Barona, supporter, II., 286. NEUBLANCUE, PHILIPPE CHABOT,
Comte de, 1., 284. NEUBURG, CouDtB of, arms, L, 83. NEUENHOF, Barons von, arms, I., 371. NEUFCHATEL, arms, II., 16.
„ CLAUDE DB.aiMW, 11.,
16. TBIEUAUT, Seigneur de, IL, 16. NBUFVILLE, arms, I., 106.
„ MALAPERTS, Barons de,
arms, I., 349. „ see MALAPERT.
NEUHOFF, Barons von, anjw, I., 371. NEUMAYBR, anus, I., 300. NEVER8, arms, II., 72, 277.
„ JOHN, Count de, II., 76.
„ LOUIS, Count of, IL, 88 ; seal,
88 „ LOUIS DE, Count of FLAN- DERS, II., 72. „ PHILIPPE, Mtanl de, arins,
II., 201. „ ,, Comte de, artns,
II. , 201. „ YOLANTE, Coiutesae de,
arms, 1 1., 28. XBVET, Marquis DB, uiotto, II.. 386. NEVILLE, arms, I., 154, 226 ; II., 52, 822; batlf/e, 400, 401. '
„ ANNE, arms, IL, 822.
Earl of WARWICK, badge, II. , 212. ,, Grej/hound of, 1 1.. 325.
„ of Rabj, arms, IL, 47.
„ Sir JOHN, Marquis of
MONTAGU, arms, II. , 109. NBWBUHGH, ar»w, IL, 67, 822.
ROGER DE, Earl of WAR- WICK, seal, L, 51. THOMAS DE, Barl of WARWICK, 1 1., 67. „ WALERAN DE, seal, I.,
51. NEWCASTLE, CLINTON, Duke of, anus,
I., 172; supporters, II. , 236. NBWDEGATB, anns, 1.. 285; PI. XXV.,
fig. 7, p. 234. NEWMAN, Col., arms, 11., 152. NEWPORT, MOUNTJOY BLOUNT,
Earl of, arms, II., 184. NEYDECK, Barons von, anns, I., 148. NICBY, supporters, I., 210. NICOLAS, Sir HARRIS, on iMuiges, II.,
220. NICOLAY, ConnU, arms, 1., 253. NICHOLS, J. GOUQH, quoted, I., 47, 80 ; 1 1., 54, 285. „ Rules of Blazon, 1., \20.
NICHOLSON, arms, I., 274. NIEDBR-LAUSITZ, Margravate of, arms,
I., 246. XIEL, Marshal de FRANCE, arms, L,
278. NIEMPT8CHER, DIE, arms, I., 812. NIESIBGKI, Koronn Polska, I., 376.
II
II
NilU, I., 480.
NIL8D0TTBR, CATHARINE, 1 1., 207.
NIMBS City, a^-ms, 1., 291.
NIMROD, L, 19.
NISBET, Marks of CadeMtf, II. , 7.
„ quoted, I., 28, 87, 126, 166, 167, 168 ; IL, 15, 58, 99, 146, 149, 170, 174, 180, 198, 200, 236. ,, System of Heraldry, L, 75, 240, 260; IL, 7,250,269. NITHARD, Historia, L, 7, 40. NITSCHWITZ, anns, I., 140. A'oaJi's Ark as a charge. I., 887. N0A1LLB8, an/M, I.. 140. NOBELAER, arms, L, 278. Nobiles, I., 4. NottUiarchia Portwjuezd, L, 78; 1 1., 25,
208. Nobility, Letters of, L, 11. Nobility Roll, First, IL, 10.
„ „ Second, L, 874 ; IL, 108.
,, Rolls, First and Second, I., 276. Noble, Definitions of term, I., 10.
„ Helmets, IL, 280. NOCERA, JOVIUS, Bishop of, quoted,
I. 55. NOEL, aruis, L, PI. XIX., fig. 2, p. 176. „ Earls of GAINSBOROUGH, arms, L, 106, 175. NOfi, LA, anns, L, 226. NOG A RET, aruut, L, 335. NOLTHENIUS, arms, L, 209. NOMAING, MONTMORENCY-, arms,
IL, 62. Nombril, L, 436, 479. ,, point, L, 65. NOMPAR, arms, L, 96; PI. VL, fig. 6, p. 94. „ Due de la FORCE, 1 1., 405. NOORDEN, VAN, amis, I., 226. NOORT, VAN, amis, I., 250. NOOT, Counts VAN DER, arms, L, 287. NOOTEN, VAN, arms, L, 402. NORDENSKJOLD, supporters, L, 242. NORFOLK. Dukes of, aniis, I., 109, 226; crest, IL, 288. HOWARD, Duke of, anns,
IL, 45, 102. MAR Y, daughter of THOMAS, Duke of, IL, 181. THOMAS HOWARD, Duke of, arms, IL, 149. MOWBRAY, Duke of, arms, IL, 98, 148. ,, „ of Brotherton,
Earl of, 1 1., 76. NORIE, ar}Hs, 1., 185. NORMAN Kings, arms of, II. , PI. XXV., fig. 1, u. 320. „ motto, IL, 880.
Norman Warriors, fig. 12, I., 51. NORMANBY, JOHN, Duke of, IL, 186. NORMANDY, arms in, I., 112; IL, 72, 177. Duke of, o't, IL, 878. Duchy of, at-ms, IL, 83, 317. ,, JOHN, Dnkeof, armt, IL,
27 ; supporters, 273. NORONHAS, amis, IL, 203.
n
II
II • I
( 490 )
>i
>>
»•
NORROY, King of Arms, amw, II., 145. NORTH, Baroness, 9upportfr», I., 806. NORTHAMPTON, SIMON DE ST. LIZ,
Earl of, etPgi/, I., 60. NORTHESK, CARNEGIE, Earl of, motto,
II 388 NORTkBROOK, BARINGS, Earls of,
anun, I., 242. NORTHCOTE, atntu, I., 143; PI. X., fig. 10, p. 116.
Earl of IDDESLEIGII, ariiiSf I., 118. NORTHUMBERLAND, Duke of, arrnn,
II., PI. VI., fig. 8, p. 84. Earl of, IL, 104,
2S8. Earls of, Ixulge*,
IL,211. Earls and Dukes, ' anN«, I L, 103. GEORGE FITZ- ROY, Duke of, ami*, II., 182. HENRY PERCY, Earl of, ttanJmtf^ II., 805 ; «wp- porto'Sf 277. PERCY, Duke of, aiitiit I., 195 ; II., 112. „ PERCY, Earl of,
amia^ I., 226. NORTON, amu, I., 158. NORWAY, aniw, II., 58, 206, 327, 389, 342 ; cockade, 876. „ Marks of Illegitimacy in, II.,
206. „ Princes of, ensign^ I., 221.
„ Royal Standard, II., 316.
NORWICH, HENRY LE DESPENCER,
Bishop of, anii9, II., 54. Note* and Quoien, I., 68, 71, 145, 176, SOS, 3-5S; II., 150, 218, 239, 822, 874. NOTTHAFT, anm, I., 134. Ao«<«, I., 480. Hov.^ux, I., 480. Noim-i, I., 480. NOUST, arms, I., 296. NOVGOROD, arm«, II., 388. NOVION, Seigneur de, II., 405. NoKed, I., 288, 486. NOYCE, arnu, I., 855. NO YON, PIERRE, Bishop of, an>w, II.,
194. NOZIER, anM, L, 88r.. Nwig^, I., 86, 436, 480. Nu/.(», I., 480.
NUGENT, anuM, I., PI. XII., fig. 8, p. 134. „ Marquises of WESTMEATII,
armM, I., 187. NUMBERS, Book of, quoted, I., 18. NURENBBRG, anm,l., 810; II., 29, 84,
89, 118, 330. 337. „ MARGARET, wife of,
FREDERICK IV., Burg-grave of, Mfal, II., 68. NU8BERG. arms, II., 205. NUSSBERG, arms, II., 205. NUTSHALL, amis, L, 262.
NUTTAL, Mrs, On Ancient Mexican
Shields, I., 24. NUVOLONI, annJt, L, 81. NYARY, Ha-aldila, II., 229; fig. 18, p.
119 ; fig. 14, p. 120 ; fig. 1.5, p. 122. NYDEGGEN, Marquesses of, arm*, L,
227.
O'CALLAGHAN, Visoounta, arau^ I.,
334. O'CONOR-DON, arms, I., 333. O'HARA, onM*, I., PI. XI., fig. 8, p. 128.
„ Lord TYRAWLEY, anus, I.,
182. O'KBLLY, anus, I., 377. O'NEILL, arms, II., 194.
„ Earl of TYRONE, ana*. I.,
217. Oak tree, I., PI. XXXII., fig. 1, p. 336.
,, fu M chargt, I., 333. OBERNBURG, L, PL XXL. fi^. 7, p. 18S. OBERREIDERN, a^^u, I., 386. OCHSSENSTEIN, Barons von, arm*, 1.,
137. OCHTERLONY, ainm, IL, 193. OdaX, L, 4.
ODENKIRCIIEN, anus, L, 103. ODET, ann*, I., 863. ODOltSKI, antis, I., 302. OELPER, arms, L, 242. OEPFINGEN, Lordship of, arsw, I.,
141. OESEL, Island of, I., 208. OESTERREICH, aria*, I., 3S6. GETTER, Wappe^ibelustigung, I., 25<J. OFFER, ai^m, I., 389. Official Arms, II. , 144. OGILVY, aj-iw, L, 280.
„ of Inverquharity, cotupartmenL
1 1. 289. OGLANDER, anas, L, 274 ; PL XXVII I.,
fig. 11, p. 256. OGLE, bailife, IL, 400. OGNIE8, D", antu, I., 134. Ogress, L, 201, 436. OHA DE ROCOURT, arms, I., 199. OHEY, D*. see MAILLEN. OISELAY, ai-ms, IL, 42. OISI, TOURNAI, Conites d', at-ms, I..
2.35. 0IGNIE8, D', arm*, I., 134 ; 1 1., 62. OKE, arms, L, 358. OKEDEN, arm*, I., 358. OKSZAGRABOWSKI, Connto, arm*, I..
865. OKULICZ, amis, I., 365. OLDENBURG, arm*, IL, 110, 136, 327,
339, 840. „ Princes of, ortH*, I., 137.
OLDMIXON, arm*, I., 864. OLIPHANT, rtn>M, L, 324.
„ Elephant of, 1 1., 29(5.
KATHARINE, daughter of Lord, IL, 296. „ of BachiltoD, arm*. IL,
89. „ of Condie, arms, I., 181 ;
PI. XX., fig. 5, p. 180. OLIVAREZ, Oonde-DwiVf, 1 1., 265. Olite branch a* a charge, L, 83.5. „ trtc a* a charge, L, 834.
OLIVET, MONTMORENCY-LAVAL D*,
arm*, IL, 62. OLIVIERA, aiTM, L, 334.
I
( 491 )
OLIVIER, ann», I., 884. OLUJA, araut, I., 152. OMBALE, D', amis, I., 7-1. Oittbre, I., 480, 486. Onibrt, dt lion, I., 480.
,, du toleil, I., 821, 480. (hnbreUt, II., 480. OMODEI, aniw, I., 92. OMPHAL, Barons d', artM, I., 157. OiuU, I., 8fl. Ondot/nnt, I., 286, 480. OnuloyaHts en pnl, I., 28S. Orulff, I., 480.
,, or OmUt, I., 436. OngUt, I., 244, 480. ONSLOW, at'uiM, I., 276; PI. XXIX., fig.
1, p. 278; motto, II., 380. OOnOT, net HOU\^N.
„ VAN, arm*, H., 34, 98. OOSTENWOLDE, VAN, aruut, I., 199. Qptn crowns, I., PI. XXXVII., fif. 4, p.
894. Opiniciu, I., 486. OpprMStdf I., 436. (h\ I., 66, 72, 437, 480. „ field alone, I., 73. „ or gold, I., PI. IIL, fig. 1, p. 66, „ repreaented by dots, I., 71. Orangt, I., 66, 201, 480. ,, hrnixeh a» a charge, I., 356. ORANGE, CHARLOTTE, daughter of WILLIAM, Prince of, I., 269. House of, I., 386. MAURICE of NASSAU,
Prince of, arin*, II., 108. Princes of, anus, I., 128, 140, 156, 229, 401 ; IL, 81. „ ste NASSAU.
„ WILLIAM, Prince of, IL, 80,
206. Oranrffs cw chargts, I., 357. Orb, I., 437 ; PI. XXXVI., fig. 10, p. 380.
„ of Sovereignty as n ehnrgr, I., 396. ORCiON, see BILQUES. ORDER, DISTINGUISHED SERVICE,
IL, 358. Orders of Knighthood, IL, 843. (h-dimiries, I., Ill, 126, 4,37. „ -Sub, I., 174, 437.
Onlinary^ Differe^vce by addition of an, IL,
36. „ ,, „ changing the
bonndary line of an, (L, 41. Oreille, L, 480. (heiller, L, 437. Oreillern, L, 4vS0. Oreilles, I., 287.
ORENGES DE LIMI%ROU, arms, I., 857. Organ pipes as charges, L, 402. Organ-rests, I., 402, 437. Oinjlamnu, 1 1., 309. ORIGO, arms, I., 95. ORKNEY, Earls of, anus, L, 885; IL, 136, 187. HENRY SINCLAIR, Eari if,
seal, L, 385. PATRICK, Eari of, anns, IL, 191. ORLAMCNDE, County of, artns, IL,
338 834. Orle, L,' 126,' 174, 184, 487, 480; PL XX., fig. 8, p. 180. „ Fn, L, 480.
II II
II
Orle, In, L, 437, 480. „ of martlets, I., PI. XX., fig. 9, p. 180. ORLEANS, Dachfsse d', coro7iet, 1 1.', 253. „ Duke of, I L, 378.
,, Hoiiseof, arms, IL, 112, 150,
196. „ label, II. , 24.
,, Le Batard tV, arms, 1 1., 190.
LOUIS, Due d', IL, 19«;; arms, 140. „ Onlonnanee d*, II. f 406.
„ PHILLIPS, Due d', ir., 196.
ORLOPF, Princes, arms, IL, 163. ORLOVCICH, antu, L, 268. ORMANI, anus, L, 290. ORMOND, knot, IL, 212. ORMONDE, BUTLER,Marqae8Bof, aruit, I., 397. „ JAMES, Duke of, IL, 194.
Ornaments, External, IL, 227, 253, 27 L O'ROURKB, motto, IL, 384. OR8BECK, arms, IL, 117. ORSENIGHI, arms, L, 410. ORSINI, anns, I., 130; PI. XL, fig. 6, p.
128 * II 73 ORTELART, anns, I., 103. ORTENBURG, Counts Ton, anns, L, 141,
272. ORTHOKIDES, device, I., 39. ORTIN8, anns, I., 183. ORTLIEB, aruis, I., 337, 838; PI. XVUL,
fig. 11, p. 158. ORVAL, Sires d", anns, IL, 28. ORZON, L, PI. XXL, fig. 1, p. 188. OSERO, antu, IL, 183. OSORIO, arms, IL, 130. OSMOND, IL, 405. OSSOLIN-OSSOLINSKI, CtmnU, anas,
L, 365. OSSUNA, GIRON, Duke of, amis, L,
177 ; IL, 29. OST-PRIESLAND, RIETSBERGS,
Princes of, amis, L, 310. OSTEN, see PUOKESCH. 0STEN8ACKEN, arms, IL, 164. OSTBR-GOTLAND, amis, I., 301. OSTERBECK, supjymters, L, 309, 310. OSTERHAMMER, amis, I., 249. OSTERHAUSEN, arms, I., 249. 08TERRIETH, anus, I., 249. OSTBRTAG, «r»w, L, 248; PI. XXVIL,
fig. 4, p. 250. OSTICHE, Barons d', arms, L, 133. OSTREVANT, Count d', IL, 217, 220.
GUILLAUME DE BAVI^RB. Comte D', seal, IL, 289. „ WILLIAM, Count of, smf,
L, 263; sujtporter, II., 275. Ostrich as a charge, L, 275.
„ feathers as a badge, IL, 21 S. „ feathers cu charges, L, 275. OSTROWSKI, amis, L, 802, 887. OSWALD, amis, L, 210, 211. OUlle, L, 162. OUltes, L, 480.
OTHEGRAVEN, aruis, L, 171. OTHO L, arms, IL, 72. „ IV., anus, IL, 72. „ King of the HELLENES, arms IL, 111. Otomie Chieftains, arms, I., 24.
II
( 492 )
OTTARAR, King of BOHEMIA, Mai, II.,
89. Otter, I., PI. XXVII., fig. 8, p. 250. Otten cu charff(*, I., 251.
,, hf(uU fu chai'fftHy I., 251. OTTO IV., Emperor of the Romans, coin»,
I., 256. OUDENHAGBN, VAN, anM, II., 35. OUPEY, arim, I., 122. OUTRAM, Muppoi'to-», I.. 237. OUTREQUIN, arm*, I., 251. Ouvevt, I., 480.
OUWERKERKE, m NASSAU. Oi'Ci'-all, I., 437. Ovtrl, I., 437.
OVID, Melamo)'pho$e*, I., 316. del, I., 437. OtrU, 1., PI. XXVI II., fig. 9, p. 256.
,, aji chai'gen, I., 274. OWSTIN, aniw, I., 148. Ox hftuis n» charfje», I., 247. Oxtn an charq(n, I., 246. OXBNSTJERNA, 11., 412. OXFORD, rt/t)M, I., 330.
AUBREY DE VERB, Earl of, ctrwM, II., 46. „ Bishop of, II., 846. „ EhtI of, II., 26.
,, BARLEY, Earl of, aniu, I.,
143. „ ROBERT DE VERB, Earl of, aram^ II., 46. VERB, Earl of, la>hje, II., 400. OYLV, D', amut, I., 142. OYRY, rt/Hi*, I., 192.
PABST, ar,M, I., 388.
PACY, MONTMORENCY-LAVAL DE,
arm*, II., P.Z. PADERBORN, Sec of, II., 106. PADILLA8, ar)ii», I., 406. PADUA, aniu, II., 133.
., City, ai*i)ui, I., 151. PAEKNON, rtr»M, I., 73. PAEUW, DE, arnif, L, 279. PAFFY, anjw, I., 205. PAH LBN, Count von der, nr»i«, II., 163. PAIEN DE LA ROCHE, nml, II., 78. PAIN ET VIN, aiMM, I., 406. Paivle, The, I., 126, 159, 418; PI. XVII., fig. 10, p. 156. „ rn, I., 481. ,, or Pale, I., 174. Paiinnnt, I., 481. Pal, I., 181, 481. ,, En, I., 481. Palace ag a charge, I., 379. PALACIO, arum, I., 211. PALATINATE of the RHINE, The, anus,
II., 146, 205, 287. PaU\ I., 100, 131, 437 ; PI. XL, fig. 7, p. 128. „ Contre, I., 481. „ ,, pale, L, 101.
Pale arul tallire, Per, I., PI. V., fig. 11, p. 88. „ eotUetl, I., PI. XL, fig. 11, p. 128. „ huUnteil, Per, I., PI. V., fig. 2, p. 88. ., or Pairle, I., 174. „ Paly, L, 481. „ jmrted per, I., 88; fig. 84, pp. 87,
88 ; PL v., fig. 1, p. 88. „ rayoniU, L, PL XL, fig. 8, p. 128.
Pale, The, fig. 43, I., 125, 126. PALESTRINA, COLONNA, Priooet,
artm, I., 380. Palewaifg, L, 118. PALIANO, COLONNA, Dake« of, arm$,
L, 380. PalUiuio, or Vallary, Crown, I., 437. Pali»«e, L, 87, 481.
Pall, I., 126, 159, 437 ; PL XVIL, figs. 10 and II, p. 156. ,, a^ a charge, I., 391. „ rererted, I., PL XVII., fig. 9, p. 156. PALLANDT, VAN, ann^, I., 103. PalU, L, 100. PaJIUi, L, 132, 437.
Palleln, L, PL XL, figs. 9 and 10, p. 128. PALLISER, historic ]>erice», Boilfftt and
KarCrie*, 1. 203 ; IL, 213. Pallium as a charge, 1., 3S7. 391. Palm branchei a» a charge,!., 836. „ tree, L, PL XXXII. , fig. 3, p. 336. ,, ,, tu a charge, L, 334. PALM, ar,n*, L, 334 ; PL XXXII., fig. 8,
p. 336. Paluu, I.. 481. PALMER, anm, I. 391. Palmer'i Sla^gr, I., 437. Palmier, I., 481. PALMIERI, ariM, I., 336. PcUa-retraits, L, PL XL, fig. 12, p. 128. PALVERT, a»wM, L, 101. Paly, L, 100 : PL VIIL, fig. 1, p. 100. „ bendy, L, 110, 437; PL VIIL, fig. 12, p. 100. Pame, L, 283, 481. Pampr^, L, 481. Pan-demur, L, 481 ; PL XXXVl., fig. 4,
p. 380. Panache, L, 481. Panache*, IL, 238. Panel leg, I.. 401.
PANHUY8, VAN, arms, I., 195. PANMURE, MAULE, Earl of, arms, L.
180. ,1 >» Lord, amu, L,
158. Panneg, L, 481, Panufton or Penneton, I., 481. PANSEY, HENRION, Baron de, amu, I.,
291. Patuiv (M a charge, L, 356. Panther, I., 437.
,, as a charge, L, 239. Panthh'e an nalurel, L, 481.
,, htraldique, I., 481. PANT0JA8, arm*, I., 167. Paon, L, 481.
Papal tiara a» a charge, I., 888. PAPAIi, auginenlatUnu, IL, 162.
„ AUGMENTATION to Onkee of URBINO, IL, 134. Papegay, L, 481. Papelonn^, L, 80, 81, 438, 481 ; PL IX.,
fig. 6, p. 106. PAPENBROEK, ariiw, I., 150. PAPILLON, Vicomtee de BRAITEAU,
arnm, L, 293. Papingoe as a charge, L, 276. Papingoes, L, 438 ; PL XXIX., Hg. 2, ».
278. PAPPBNHEIM, CoimU vun, arms, IL,
159. PARADIS DE PAULHAC, arms, I., 279. i Paradise, Birtl of, as a charge, I., 279.
( 493 )
»»
PARAVICINI, ami*, L, 274.
PARCH WITZ, Barons von, ar»w, I.,
312. PARDAILLAN, ainM, I., 138. Pai-^, I., 481.
PARIBU, »(€ E8QUIR0U. PARIS, City, ariiis, I., 380.
,, Comte de, (inns, II., 112. MATTHEW, quoted, I., 40. MS., copy of MATTHEW, I., 263. „ UNIVERSITY, ar«44i, I., 218. PARIZOT, arum, L, 277. PARKER, Earl of MORLEY, anM, I., 19(5; motto, II., 387. „ Gloimry of Hentldrt/, I., 320.
PARMA, duchy, amu, I., 29(j'; II., 124, 132, 162. „ ALEXANDER, Duke of, II.,
132. „ Duke OTTAVIO of, II., 132.
MARGARET of, an>u, II., 202. PARR, Queen KATHARINE, anns, I.,
245, 372; II., 152, 324. Pari-ot <u a chargt, I., 276. Parttil, I., 88.
,, co<iU, I., 84. PARTIIENAY, anuit, II., 150.
JAMES UARCOURT, Seignenrde, II., 150. Parti, I., 88, 481. Particle, Ordonnance reepecting Uie
assumption of the, II., St^o. Particule HobiUairt;, I., 15; II., 403. Partition line*, I., 84, 85, 438.
,, rno<h'» of, I., 84, 87, 88. Partitions, German, I., 07. PASCAL, aniiM, L, 248.
COLOMBIER, armM, I., 252. PASCHAL II., Pope. II., 65, 363. Ptuchal Lnmb, I., 438 ; PI. XXVI 1., fig. 4, p. 250. ,, ,, <M ct charyr, I., 248.
PASQUIER, le Due, II., 408. Pauant, I., 229, 438, 481. ,, coijuttr, I., 234. „ - ,, 'puManl, I., 438. ,, gardant, I., 222, 438. „ rtgardant, I., 230, 438. ,, rtpoisant, I., 438. Passe, (tn Oroix, en StuUoir), I., 481. Passion Cross, I., 160, 43» ; fig. 53, p. 173. „ A'ai/, I., 438. Pastoral siajf as a charge, I., 387. Prtfc*;, I.,87, 481. „ Cross, I,, 162 ; fig. 59, p. 173. „ Jitcft^e, I., 161 ; fig. 60, p. 173. ,, fonnee. Cross, I., 162. Pntenotrc, I., 45?l.
PATERSON, Bishop of ROSS, II., 53. ,, of Stiufield, arms, II., 53.
Patonee, I., 438.
„ Cross, I., 166; fig. 61, p. 173. Patriuixhal Cross, 1., 166, 438 ; fig. 62, p.
173. PATTERSON, arms, I., 276. PiUty Cross, I., 162 ; fig. 69, p. 173. „ Jttcfi)/, Crosf, I., 164, 438 ; fig. 60, p.
173. ,, pal^ (foi-my, foniUe), I., 43.*', ,, ifUiulrate Cross, I., 163. ,, throughout, 1., 438. „ „ Civss, I., 162.
PATYN8, arms, 1., 408.
PAUL, Emperor of RUSSIA, II., 864. ,, J. BALFOUR, <?>i/mai-yo/^nii*,
L, 130. ,, v.. Pope, amis, I., 306. PAULBT, Maiqueea of WINCHESTER,
amis, I., 363. PAULHAC, se( PARADI8, I., 279. PAULI, VON, arms, I., 20.S. PAULS DO RF, amu, I., 303.
„ VON, arms, I., 93.
PAVIE, arms, I., 80. Pavilions, II., 250, 438, 482. Paic, I., 439. PAWNE,ar»w, I., 279. PAYNEL, WILLIAM DE, seal, I., 64. Peacock; I., 439.
,, as a charge, I., 279. „ in its pride, I., 439. PEACOCK, onH«, I., 279. Ptan, I., 69, 439 ; PI. IV., fig. 4, p. 70.
,, field alone, I., 76. Pearl, I., 72, 439. Pearled, I., 439. Pears as charges, I., 358. Pe<u as charges, I., 361. Pcautre, I., 482.
PECCI, arms, L, PI. XXXI., fig. 6, p. 322. ,, Counts, artus, I., 328. PECHA, arms, I., 296. PEDRO I., King of PORTUGAL, 11., 204. the Ci-m, King of CASTILE and LEON, II., 17. Peel I. 439.
PEKL,''sir ROBERT, arms, I., 296. Pegasus, I., 489.
,, as a charge, I., 313. PEGRIZ, arms, I., 403. PEILLENSTEIN, arms, II., 35. Pelican, I., PI. XXVI 11., fig. 12, p. 256.
„ as a chargr, L, 276. PELEGRIN, arms, 1., 287, 391. PELETS, supporters, I., 216. Pdttta, I., 201. Pelican, I., 43l'.
,, in htr pitti/, I., 439. PELHAM, anus, 1., 276; II., 148, 149; badge, 400. Earl of CHICHESTER, amis, I. 893. „ Sir *JOHN DE, ai-ms, I.,
393. PELLEGRIN, arms, I., 891. Pelltt, I., 201, 439. PELLEW, Vi4icount EXMOUTH, motto,
II 383 PELLEZAY, arms, I., 73. PEM BRIDGE, ai-ms, I., 103. PEMBROKE, Uidge, II., 400, 401.
Earl of, rirwii, 1., 892; H.,
15. HERBERTS, Earla of,
arms, I., 236. JOHN DE HASTINGS,
Earl of, arms, II., 100. MARSHALL, Earl of, arms, I., 227. , , MARY, Countess of, arms,
II., 86. ,, Strong(>otr,EaTlot,ieal, I.,
50. „ WILLIAM DB VALENCE,
thield, I., 123; arms, II., 46.
>»
«i
( 49f )
PEMBROKE, WILLIAM HERBERT, |
Earl uf, ann*, II., 184. PENAFIEL, GIRON, Marquis of, anas,
I, 177. Penclte, II., 482. Poxchh, I., 409. Pencils, II., 305. Ptmhnt, I., 489. PEi?KIlANDAS,af«M, I., 378. PEXDERELL, ai-itis, I., 833 ; II., 158. PENICUIK, arvis, I., 401. PENINSULA, Ust o/Bonlare in the, II.,
29. PcnnoncdUs, II., 305. PENNYCOOK, arms, L, 401. Feninj-yard-ptnny, I., 439. i'cnoH, or Pennon, I., 439, 482. PtnonctUt, or Ptncil, I., 439. Ptntaljtha, I., 439. Pentalphe I., 482. PENTHIEVRE, Comtes de, arms, I.,
300. PBPDIE, an»w, I., 277 ; IM. XXIX., fig.
2, 1). 278. PEPPENBBRO, nrins, I., 142. Per, I., 439. „ beiul ninlsttrfitdikt, I., PI. XVIII., fig.
4, p. 158. ,, jKilt a beiul covnUr-chnngtd, I., PI. XIII., fig. 4. p. 140. PERALTA, anits, I., 370. Pnxe, I., 482.
PERCEVAL, Dr, quoted, I., 79. Percht, I., 4S2. PERCIIE, Counts de, arms, I., 150.
GEOFFROI, Count of. seal, I.,
50. ROTROU III., Count of, hoI, L, 50. PERCI, HENRY DB, amis, II., 103. „ ROBERT DE, ar„u, II., 103. WALTER DE, aruu, II., 103. PERCIES, Heraldry of the, II., 805. Ptrclos(, I., 439. PERCY, AGNES, II., 104.
„ -ANCIENT, amis, II., 103. „ anns, I.. 229 ; PI, XIX., fig. 12, p. 17G ; II., 103 ; hadijts, 211, 400, 401 ; cri, 378. Dukea of NORTHUMBER- LAND, a.tns, I., 195 ; II., 112. Earl8 of NORTHUMBERLAND, urmM, I., 226. ,, HENRY, amis and supporters, II., 288. HENRY, Baron of TOPCLIFFB,
anus, II., 203. HENRY DB, nrnis, II., 108,
104. HENRY, Earl of NORTH- UMBERLAND, #famian^ 11., 80 J ; snpportir, 277. ,, lion, II., 305. ,, Ptnnoncetle ot, 1!., PI. XXIV.,
fig. 3, p. 300. ,, PIERS, ar)i«, II., 103.
Sir HENRY, seal, 11. , 304. „ statulard, fig. 25, II., 299. PEREIRA, arvis, I., 167 ; PI. XV., fig. 7,
p. 152. PEREZ, amu, L, 375; II., 403. Perforate, 1., 439. Ph'i en bande, I., 482. ,, ,, barre, I., 482.
ft
II
PERIGORD, «« TALI^YRAXD. PERPUNT, SYMOX DE, artas, II., 13. PBRRIER, ALAIN DU, gifppcrttrs, II.,
279. Pen-oniU, Croix, I., 482. PERROIT, aruut, I., 358. PERSIGXY, FIALIN, Due de, o>niw,
II., 162. Persona, burying of great, II., 307. PERTH, amis, L, 189.
City, a/wut, II., 278. DRUMMOND, Earl of, compart^ went, II., 289. PERU, The Incaa of, arms, II., PL X.,
fig. 6, p. 140. PERWBYS, ar)ns, II., 35. PERY, arms, 1., 196. PE8C, anns, I., 410. PESCATORI, arvis, I., 331. PESHALL, arms, I., 164. PEFERELL, badffe, II., 401. PETER ALEXIBVITCH of RUSSIA, croitn, II., 262. THE GREAT, Czar of RUSSIA. IL, 867. PETERSON, II., 403. PETMORB, arms, L, 122. PETRA-8ANCTA, I., 71. PETRARCH, Muae of, 11. , 158. PfU-onel, I., 489. PEVEREL, CATHARINE, aniw, IL,
213. PEVERBLL, ar,M, I., 360. PFIRDT, Counts of, a^^tA*, I., 284. PFIRT, «njw, II., 279; PL XIV., fig. 1, p.
162. PFUEL, Barons, aruis, I., .328. PFUHL, Barons, ami*, I., 328. PHARAMOND, amis, I., 292. Pheasants as charyts, I., 279. Pheon, I., 439, 482 ; PI. XXXIV., fig. 7, p. 364. „ as a charge, I., 367. PHILIP (AUGUSTUS) IL, King of FRANCE, nf«/, 1., 34«; IL, 194, W2\ l^tdge, 210; st'p- poi'ters, 281. Emiieror, ermen, 1 1., 259. L, King of FRANCE, I., 346; II., 65, 810, 404. „ IL, King of SPAIN, II., 98.
IL (le Boh), IL, S72. III., King of FRANCE, 1., 11 ;
1 1., 319; titpjiorters, 282. 111., King of FRANCE, MAR- CARET, daughter of, seal, IL, 68. IV., I., 295. IV., King of FRANCE. I., 41,
370; IL, 319. IV., King of SPAIN, 1., 64;
IL, 265. v., King of FRANCE, I., 41 ; seal, 370; 1 1., 72, 88; »ea/, 09 ; sup})orters, 282. VI., King of FRANCE. I., 282, 846; IL, 27 ; Mupjiottcrs, 282. King of NAVARRE, II.. 78. „ King of SPAIN, arm*, IL, 111. „ . of MACE DON, I., 822. PHILIPPA of HAINAULT, Queen, am*,
I., 259. PHILIPPE DE VALOIS, coins, I.. 46. „ Duke, IL, 201.
»» It
I*
I)
•I II
I
( 495 )
PHILIPPE (/€ Bd), II., 372. PHILIPPEAUX, II., 405. PHILOSTRATUS, quoted, I., 20. Phanix, I., 439, 482.
,, cut acharfitf I., 312. PHOUSKARNAKI, ai-^n*, I., 207. PIACEXZA, Duchy, ar«w, II., 124. PIAN, Miofto, II., 380. PICARDY, ami* in, I., 112. PICCOLOMINI, Prinoes, omw, I., 324. PICHON, a>»M, I., 79. Pickaxes fu chargts^ I., 408. PICO, Princw d« la MIRANDOLA, mim,
I 100 * 11 13'' PICQUION Y, BNOUERRAUD DE, anM, II., 42. „ GERARD DE, arm*, II..
42. Pvcdi mraldiquM, I., 482. PIKDEFBR, aiiiu, I., 220. PIENNE, DE BROUILLI, Marquises de,
»up)>ortef»t I., 318. Pitrced, I., 439. PIERREFORT, anM, I., 75. PIERRE, DE, Boigneura de Ganges, II.,
404. PUU, I., 482. Piety, iHriU, I., '27(\.
PIFERRER, A'oitiliario de lo» Rdnot y S<:noriog de Enpana, l.^ 220, 248, 297, 370, 403, 411 ; II., 95. Pig as n charge, I., 240. PIG ACHE DE LAMBERVILLE, armt,
I 328. PIGNATELLI, Princes, an>ur, I., 897. Pif/nateg, I., :J97, 482. Pignon, I., 4S2. Pitmonni, L, 482. Pike tt« charge*, I., 281, 284. Pike heail tu a charge, I. , 3C4. PILAWA, I., PI. XXI., tig. 8, p. 188. Pile, I., 125, 126, 15(5, 439, 482 ; PI. XVII., fig. 1, p. 156. ,, from dtxUr Jlank; I., PI. IX., fig. 3,
p. 106. „ Ptr, I., 98.
„ reversed, I., PI. XVIL, fig. 7, p. 156. PiUs from sinister, I., PL, XVIL. fig. 5, p.
156. „ ,, fxisf, L, PL XVIL, fig.
6, p. 156. ,, in Point, L, PL XVIL, fig. 8, p. 156. „ Three, L, PL XVIL, fig. 2, p. l.'>6. PILGRIM, arms, I., 391. Pilgrim's Scrip, I., 440.
•I II or Wallet cu a chargtt I.,
891. „ Starts, I., 440.
,, ,, and Scrips as charges, \.,
891. PILKINGTON, arms, L, 166; PL XV.,
fig. 9, p. 152 ; motto, II., 387. Pillars as charges, L, 380. PIMBNTEL, aruis, II., 131. PIN, see TOUR. Pine Apples a* charge*, L, 358.
,, Tree as a charge, I., 334. Pinks a* charges, L, 355. PINOS, aruis, L, ^.W. PINTOS, TMlto, IL, 384. PINS, Marquis de, arnis, L, 358; nu>tto,
IL, ,3.S4. PIOMBINO, weBUONOOMPAGNI. P10SA8C0, ainns Aud supporterSf 1 1., 290.
PIOT, arms, L, 386.
PIPER, arms, L, 402.
Pipes as charges, L, 402.
PIRCH, cu'vu, I., JIO.
PIRRINO, VOX, arm*, L, 194; PL
XVI IL, fig. 8, p. 158. PISA, City and Bee, antu, L, 170; PL
XV., fig. 12, p. 152. Pimn Cross, L, PL XV., fig. 12, p.
152. PISANO, VITTORB, medal by, L, 248. PISTOIA, DONATU8 DE' MEDICI,
BiAhoj) of, anus, I., 203. PIT8LIG0, Lords, arm*, II. , 56. PITTI, arms, L, 181.
PIUS IL and IIL, Popes, amu, L, 824. ,, VL, Pope, amw, L, 329. PIZARRO, arms, I., 379. PLACIDIA, Empress, I., 34.'). Plains, L, 482.
PLANCH]^, Pursuivant of Jrrtu, I., 29, 31, 32, 49, 126, 179, 220, 222, 223, 238, 270, 801, 825, 344, 372, 392, 394, 402, 410; IL, 14, 48, 47, 72, 75, 83, 170, 172, 176, 177, 214, 216, 225, 230. PLANCIIE'S Jioll, L, 114, 124, 199, 874;
II. , 10, 11, 13, 14, 87, 43, 72. PLANCKBNBERG, see STORCK. Planets as charge*, L, 326. Planets representing tinctures, L, 72. PLANQUES, ste BETHUNE. PLANT A, arms, L, 242. PLANTAGENET, arm*, IL, 76; PL
XXV., fig. 2, p. 820. „ ANNE, IL, 18, 160.
ARTHUR, crest, IL, 180. ,, Viscount LISLE, arms, IL, 180, 214. U'lges, IL, 180, 214. EDMOND, IL,20. „ Earl of
CORNWALL, seal, U., 80, EDWARD, arms, IL, 76. „ Earl of
RUTLAND, seal, I., 885. ELIZABETH, arm*,
IL, 100. GEOFFREY, Dtike of BRITTANY, Death of, L, 41. GEOFFREY, »/«wZ<Z,L,
GEOFFROI, Count d' ANJOU, tomb and arm*, L, 4.5.
HENRY, Duke of LANCASTER, omw, IL, 17.
JOAN, IL, 27.
livery, IL, 373.
Livery Colours, II. , 215.
PHILIPPA, IL, 203.
RICHARD, Duke of GLOUCESTER, helm, IL, 232.
THOMAS, Duke of GLOUCESTER, seal, IL, PL L, fig. 1, p. 16.
n
II • I
II
II
II
II
II II II II II
II
( 496 )
PLANTAOENET. THOMAS, Earl of
NORFOLK, II., 76. PLA8NES, JEANNE, Dame de, amu, I.,
6.3; t^upporterM, II., 274. Piatt, I., 201, 440. PLATT, ami», I., 107. Platy, or Platee, I., 440. Play in ff Tables, I., 440. PLAYTBR, on»M, I., 104. PLEDRAN, Vicomtede, a)-»iJ», I., 195. PLEH^DEL, OONDELIN, Vicomtes de,
antu, I., 363. Plein, I., 482.
PLEISSEN, amu, II., S33, 834. PLE8SEN, BaronH, I., 247. PLB8SI8-UACHELEU, MONTMO-
RENCY DU, aruu, II., 62.
„ RICHELIEU, DU, amis, I., 150.
,, see BOURDON. PLETTENBERG, Counte VON, arms, I.,
80. Plit, L, 482. „ ?>» roiul, I., 4S2. PLINY, quoteil, I., 807. Plomh, a, I., 482. PLOMBIOLI, arnis, I., 239. Ploughsharts a* charge*, I., 408. Plovers cu charges, I., 279. Ployc, I., 98, 148, 440, 482. Plinuail, II., 289. Plnuus, 11., 238. Pttuiute, L, 80, 482; PI. IX., flg. 7, p.
106. PLUNKETT, arww, H., 194. PLUTARCH, quoted, I., 2>. PLUVINBL, Marquises de, amis, II.,
42. PLYMOUTH, CHARLES FITZ-
CHAKLES, Earlof, IL, 182. „ HICKMAN, Earl of,
amis, I., 89. POBOG, arms, I., 373. P0DENA8, Princea de CANTALUPO,
amis, L, 138. PODLACHIA, ami.*, II., 84. POGORSKI, amiK, I., 314. POICTOU, Coiintfi of, amis, I., 228.
„ RICHARD, Earl of, amis, I.,
257. POIGNET, amis, I., 217. Point d'homitiir, I., 463.
,, dv chef, I., 4S2. „ In, L,'440. Pointe, I., 168, 483.
entee, I., PI. XVII F., fig. 5, p.
158. Lf canton dcxlre de la, I., 65. ,, ,, sen*. ^t re de la, I., (55. POINTE, LA, Chevaliers de I'Oidre du St.
£sprit, L, 312, 313, 319. POINTEIL, JiftGUIOT. Pointed, I., 440. Points, I., 440.
•equipoUcs, I., 483. of the Escutcheon, [., 440; figs. 21 and 22, I., 65. „ representing metal, I., 70. POIRIER amu, L, 358. POISIEU DE ST. GEORGES, DE, a,^ms,
L, 130. POITIERS, DIANE, DE, I., 172, 824.
II
II • I
II •I
POITIERS, DIANE, DE, Dnchette de, VALBNTINOIS, anas, IL, 82. LOUIS, Bishop of, an***, II., 196. POLAND, amis, I., 211, 266 ; IL, 70, 3SS. ,, Augmentations in, II., 160. „ Eagles of, IL, 282. „ Kings of, anus, U., HO.
LESEK, CZAKN Y, Duke of, $taL II., 84. POL.XMEN, anns, L, 337. POLANI, arms, 1., 96. POLASTRON, anns, L, 226. POLE, Duke of SUFFOLK, anns, L, 2SS ;
PI. XXV., fig. 12, p. 234. POLENTA, ami*, I., 'Hi8. POLE8ENA, amis, IL, 133. POLIGNAC, Princjee of, ro»w, I., 102. POLLARD, arms, I., 239 ; PL XXVI., fig.
1, p. 240. POLL I A, arins, I., 313. POLLNITZ, Barons von, arms, I., 146. POLMAN, amis, I., PL VII., fig. 6, p. 98. POLWARTIT, Lord, supporters, I., 317. P0LYCRATE8, Tale of , I., 28-5. POMBAL, Marquis de, amis, I., 824. PoiHtgranati, L, PL XXXIIL, fig. 10, p. 352. ,, as a charge, I., 357.
Pomeis, I., 201, 440.
POMERANIA, arms, L, 301 ; II., 330, SS7. POMEREU, Marquess deRICEYS, arms,
L, 358. Pomti/s, I., 201. Poiiime, L, 20 L Pommdlal, L, 440. Pommdli/, Cross, L, 169 Pomm-llf/, or Poiumettv, L, 440, POMMERN, arms, IL, 330; cresU,2ZS. Pouime-tlt-pin, L, 483. Pommettee, I., 483.
„ C-ou, L, 16i».
Pomumttv, Cross, I., 169. POMPADOUR, Marfinisede, anus, I.. 37S PONCK DE LEON, arms, IL, ISO. PONDORFFER, arms, I., 132. P0NIAT0W8KI, Princes, arms, L, 247 PONIN-PONINSKI, Princes, arms, i
38<5. *
PON NAT, arms, I., 279. PONT DE VAUX, GORREVOD, Ducade, amis, L, 147. ,, DU, arms, I., 199. „ quoted, I., .397. PONTAUT, arms, L, 378. PONTCHASTNEAU, EON DE, teal, I.,
47. PONTE, Conntode, arms, [., 379. PONTECORVO, arms, IL, 342. PONTECROIX, Marquis de, a»->/M, I., ip,; PONTEDERA, anas, I., 278 ; PL XXXVl
fig. 7, p. 380. PONTEVfeS, Dues de SABRAN. anas L, 226. „ Marquis of, arms, I., 379.
PONTHIEU, JOANNA, of, sea/, II.. 9J». FONT'S MS., L, 155, 185, 210. PONSONBY, Earl of BESSBOROUGII,
arms, L, 407. POPE, EARL of DOWNE, aj-nw, I., 808. POPEL, amis, I., 90; motto, IL, 380. Popinjatf, I., 440.
<u a charge, I., 376.
If
( 497 )
II
II II II II II
II II
POPOLBSCHI, arnif, I., 162. PORCCI, tupportoti, II., 281, FORCELLETS, DE8, HarquiBeede MAIL- LA I NE, annf, I., 240. Porcupine ai a chavffr, I., 251. PORET, Marqnu de BLOSSEVILLE,
atmii, L, 858. Poi-teullU, I., 440.
,, ail a char{it>y I., 382. PORTE, LA, (w-Hw. I., 146, 379. P0RTE0U8, quoted, f., 228, 8l>7. PORTER, amu, I., 390.
„ Hutory of the Knighti of Malta,
I. 304. PORTIA, PrincM of, armn, I., 350. PortilU, I., 483. PORTLAND, BENTINCK, Dukes of,
armt, I., 168. PORTMAN, ainns, I., 349. PORTOCARRERO, an»M, I., 109; PI.
VIII., fig. 7, p. 100. PORTSMOUTH, anii*, I., 824. ^
LOUISE, RENJ^E DE PENANCOET DE KEROUALLE, Duchess of, II., 1S2. PORTUGAL- ANCIENT, anns, II., 204. amif, L, 109, 177; PI. XX., fig.7,p.l80; II., 29,82,103, 132, 169, 203, 204, 328, 841. BEATRICE of, «a/, II., 95. cockade, II., 876. coronet of Barons in, II., 267. crtit* in, II., 235. ISABELLA of, Hal, 11., 95,
872. JOHN of, an»w, II., 204. „ „ BRAGANZA,Gon- ■table of, arui», IL, 25. \, MM Duke of VALEN-
CIA, arwK, IL, PL XIX. fig. 5, p. 192. ,, Marks of Illegitimacy in, II.,
,, Mary, daughter of ED-
WARD, Constable of, II., 132. „ Oixlersof, II., 371.
,, Queen LEONORA of, arnm,
II., 257, 2.'>8. II of, II., 217. „ Begnlations as to the
bNsaring of differences of arms in, 1 1., 396. „ tupporterti, I., 306.
Portufiveza Sobiliarchia, II., 890. Po»e, i., 230, 440, 4S3. POSEN, arms, II. , 336. Pot, coolinp, a* a charge, I., 405. „ hook, ua a charpr, I., 406. PUT, 1 1., 405. POTEMKIN, armx, I., 21 S. Potcnc^, I., 87, 488. Potencre, I., 165.
Potent, I., 79, 440; PL IV., fig. 11, p. 70. ,, 'Counttr-potent, I., 79, 440. „ CroM, L, 165, 440; fig. 57, p. 173. Potenli or Potency, L, 440 ; fig. 81, pp. 85,
87. POTIER, Due de O^VRES, IL, 405.
„ Dues de, TRESMBS et de OEVRBS, arni$ and nLpporter$, L, 309. POTTWEIN, rtnjin, IL, 117.
VOL. IL
Pott 09 charge*, L, 897. POTULITZ-POTULICKI, Count, arm*,
L, 876, POUILLY, Ke MENSDORFF. POUIJkIN, aniw, I., 249. Pourpi'e, L, 483. Potcdereti, I., 440. POWELL, aj-m*, I., 851. Poweti eu charfftt, I., 292. POWLETT, Maxquess of WINCHESTER,
ariM, I., .363. P0WI8, Earls of, arm*, L, 244. P0WY8, arms, L, 225 ; IL, 18.
„ Princes of, arms, I., 225. POYNINGS, bwhje, IL, 212, 305, 401, 402. „ Sir MICHAEL DE, arm*,
IL,50. „ Sir THOMAS DE, arm*, 1 L,
90. POYNTZ, arms, L, 103. POZZO, arm*, L, 307.
„ DI BORGO, Prince, arm*, I.,
377. PRAET, JEAN DE FLANDRES, Seig- neur de, arms, IL, 197 ; Pi. XVIL,flg. 4, p. 178. LOUIS LE PRISON, Seigneur
de, aim*, II., 197. PRAGUE, City, arm*, I., 376. PRASLIN, CIIOISEUL, Dues de, arms,
1L,51. PRATT, Marquis CAMDEN, arms, I.,
244. PRAUN, Dr MICHAEL, Von dem Ade-
lichen Eiiropa, utut dtnen Heer*chUden
dis Teutsehcn Adds, I., 42, 44, 74 ; II.,
231, 233. Pratni* as chargt*, L, 287. PRBAUX, see BOURBON. PREEDE, arms, L, 293. PREI8SAC, Due de FIMARCON, arms,
L, 225. PRENDIPARTI, arms, L, 90. PRESCOTT, nislorj/ of the Conquest of
Mexico, L, 24. PRESLE8, RAOUL DE, quoted, IL,
811. PRESSIGNY, anus, L, PI. XVI IL, fig. 9, p. 158. „ RENAUD DE, om«, L,
1 "s
PRESTER - JOHN, a* a charge, I.,
206. PRESTON, aruix, L, 811; PI. XXX., fig.
10, p. 804 ; 11. , 56. PRESTWICIl, anus, L, 316 ; PL XXX.,
fig. 12, p. 304. Pretence, Bacucheon of, I. , 440. PREUILLY, GEOFFREY DE, Death of,
L, 40. PREY8ING, Counts VON, arms, L, 90,
379. PRICE, annt, I., 212, 304. Pride, In, 1., 440,
,, In its, I., 279. PRIDEAUX, arww, I., 146. PR 1 EGO, CORDOVA, Marquises of, anus, 1 1., 92.
„ Counts de, arnu, II. , 92, 129.
,, MENDOZA, Counts de, arms,
IL, 92. PRIGNANI, ann*, I., 208. PRIME, arms, L, 219 ; PL XXI IL, fig. 8,
p. 206.
2 K
( 498 )
it II i>
PRIMROSE, ARCHIBALD, Viscount, arms, I., 190. arum, I., 355.
of Dalmenie, Sir ARCHI- BALD, ar»w, 1., UK). Sir ARCHIBALD, II., 88. Piinci Consort, Life of the, II., 23. PRINCE CONSORT, aniiit, I., 141 ; label,
Prince'H Ae/mtff, II., 230.
PRINCESS ROYAL, lal.e!, flg. 2. II., 20,
23. PRINGLE, arm^ I., 147, 287 ; II., 40. PRISINOWSKY, orniM,U., 74. ProbOiUCi'Uf, II., 48H. PROKESCH, D'OSTEN, Counts, aniu,
L, 30l». Pro;vr, 1., r.S, 111. 224. 440. PROVENCE, ELEANOR of, I., 341 ; ar,ns, 132; II., 214; anaji, 819. RAYMOND BERENGER, Count of, arm.*, II., 319. PRUNEr.E, II., 405, PRUSS IL, onus, I., 308. PRUSSIA, arww. I., 74, 134, 136, 150, 225, 2«i5, 207, 277, 389 ; 1 1., 164, 1C5, 166, 313, 830; PI. XXIX., flg. 1, p. 342. Auffiwniatiotu in, II., 164. ciMdatft, II., 376. totjlt of, I., 338 ; II. . 166. King of, liarlUnn, 11., 251. Orders of, II., 366. Hoi/al Amu, II., 118, 336. „ ,, Croirn of, II., 2lJ3.
PRYSB, anyvt, I., PI. XXIV., fig. 3, p. 224. ,, of Goggerdan, aruut, I., 229. PRZEROWA, arww, I., 369. PRZICHOWITZ, Count*, arms, 1., 274. PsafteHvHi Auremn, I., 304. PUCCI, anns, L, 212. PUCHBERG, nnns, I., 323 ; PI. XXXL,
fig. 3, p. 322. PUCKLER-MUSKAU, Prinoe, «n»w, I.,
271. PUDSEY, HUGH, Bishop of DURHAM,
anM, I., 163. PULLICI, anus I., 298. PUNCH YON, arms, I., 204. PIJNSHON, crMf, IL, 187. PtJNTZINGER, anns, 1 1., 205. PUPELLIN, anus, I., 74. PUREFOY, Bishop of HEREFORD,
a^nns, I ,219. Parflcii, I.. 440. ParpU, L, 66. Purple coats, plain, I., 74. PurjpHre, I., 66, 72, 440. ,, lU, I., 06.
field alone, I., 74. or Tpui-ple, I., PI. III., fig. 7, p. 66.
,, represented by diagonal lines, L, 71. PUT BUS, Prince, arais, I., 211 ; IL, 276;
flg. 23, p. 271. PUTTKAMMER, Barons von, arms, I.,
803. PUY, DU, anus, I., 21fj. „ PAULIN, DE, arms, L, 78. „ RAYMOND, DU, II. , 868.
i> II
PUYGIRON, BANNES, Marqnis de,
aruUf 1., 323. Pj/ot, I., 440. PYPB, ann*, I., 401. PYRMONT, Count, IL, 186.
,, Prince of, amis, II., 112, 114.
Qnndrate, I., 441.
QUADT, CoiinUof, arms, I., 137. QUAEDBACH, arms, I., 396. QUARANTA, anus, I., 410. gUAREBBE, anas, I., 409. Quarrel, I., 441. Qiiarrtls OM charges, L, 367. Quartejcuille, I., 483.
Quarter, I., 126, 174, 441; PL XIX., fig. 1, p. 176. ,, -piercnl, I., 441. Quartn-ed, I., 441. Quarienwj, II., 98.
,, />(^Vrrenfe //»/, IL, 56.
„ in Britain, 1 1., 102.
Quarttrings, or Quarters, 11., 441. Quarlo'ly, I., 92, 441; flg. 36, p. S7; PL „ v., tig. 9, p. 88.
en ^ijiierrt, I., PI. XVI IL, fig. 7, p. 158. „ per/tss indaitetl, I., PL V., fig.
10, p. 88. ,, ,, saltire, L, 93.
,, Jtn'itic, I., 202.
Qitarters, (framf, IL, 104. Quartiers, I., 483. QUATBRMAINE, arms, L, 218. QUATREBARBE8, IL, 405. QuatriifoU, L, 441; PI. XXXIL, fig. 12, \\. 336. „ Double, mark of ninth son, II., 54. Quatrefoils as charges, I., 340. QUEENS COLLEGE, OXFORD, armg,
I., 269. QUEEN8BERRY, Earl of, arvu, II. .
190. „ Marquess of, arm*. I.,
191. QUEDLEMBURG, SOPHIA, Abbess of ,
arms, IL, 105. QU^LEM, anas, L, 337.
,, Barons de, anus, I., 196.
QUERNFURTH, Barons of, ttn»«, I., 227. QUESADA, arms, I., 133. QmxK, L, 441.
,, fomchie, I., 231, 441, 483. QUEXADA, anns, I., 216. yUIJADA, arms, I., 216. QUINCI, DE, anm, I., PL XIX., fig. H.
p. 176. QUINCY, DE, anns, IL, 07.
„ „ Earls of WINCHESTER,
arms, L, 195. „ SAER DB, MARGARET,
widow of. seal, IL, 60. QUINSON, ar%ns, I., 76. gUINTANA, arnu, L, 403. QuiHtefeuUle, I., 483. Quise, a la, L, 441.
RAAPH0R8T, anns, I., 108. Robnt, I., 483. Jialtbit ojt a charge, L, 250. RABENSTBIN. arms, L, 180. RABENSTEINBR, anas, I., 220. Jlaccourei, L, 483.
I
( 499 )
It
RACONIS, LOUIS, Seigneur de, an,is, II.,
205. RADA, amift, I., 167. RADCLYFFE, anun, I., 142.
,, of FuxdentoD, annSf II.,
15. RADFORD, arms, I., 310. RwUant, I., 441. RADOLIN, $t< LESZCZYC. RADZIWILL, Princes, omw, I., 401. RAEPSAET, artM, I., 3<il. RAET, Barona de, «ii.u, I., 408. RAGNINA, «>•»«, I., 2P4. Ko.gvh'l, or Jiagnlj/, I., 441. Raijvbi, I., fig. 80, pp. 85, 86. RAGUSA, Duchy, arnw, I., 410; II., 125. RAIMBERT, arm*, I., 150. RAIMOXD, GUILLAUME DE, II., 404. Jtambov, I., 441 ; PI. XXXI., fig. 4, p.
322. Bainbotr* ax cfiargfx, I., 328. RAINIER, amiM, I., 132. Jtain, I., 4^3. Utilt'H a« cliarge», I. , 408. RALLI, motto, II., :;8(5. Hame, I., 244, 483.
RAMEFORT, DE, ami*, I., 200; II., 14. RAMEXSPERG, arum, I., 248. RAM^RA, anus, I., 357. RAMIIJ.IES, «« DRAGON. Jtampant, I., 222, 441, 483. Cbuji^fT, I., 2554. -gardant, I., 22i>, 442. -ic//«.-'7an<, I., 229, 442. -twjant, I., 442. Rnma as char gen, I., 248.
,, B(Utr.riiig, a* chargfi, I., 3<39. RAMSAY, amu, II., 141.
„ Earl of DALH0U8IE, amis,
I., 269. of Bamton, arnit, I., 1.30; II.,
141. of Dunoon, arm^, II., 38. of Wyliecluugh, Sir JOHN,
«)•)««, II., 15!).
Viscount HADDINGTON,
arm*, II., 155. WILLIAM, Earl of FIFE, ariitn, II., 38. ,, ProfeBHor WILLIAM, quoted,
L, 261. RAMSDEN, motto, II., 386. RAMSEY, arra», I., 248. HanchUr, I., 483.
RANDOLPH, anm, I., 393, 394; PI.
XXXVIL, fig. 6, p. 394. THOMAS, Earl of MORAY, armn, I., 1S8. RANFURLBY, KNOX, Earl of, uniw, I.,
185. Hangi, I., 483. Jiangur, L, 483.
RANGONI, Marquises, anus, I., 129. Rank, gradations uf, I., 7, 8. RANKEN, aruiM, I., 864. RANTZAU, CounU, arm*, I., S8. RANULF, Wftf and a)-w<i, I,, :W4. RAOUL, goldsmith to PHILIPPE Ic
hardi, ennobled, I., 11. RAOUSSET DE BOULBON, Counts,
amiM, I., 163. RAPACCIOLI, arm*, I., 861. RAPE, amu, I., 861.
II
II tt
II
11
RAPPOLSTBIN, Counts of, arms, I., ISO ;
II., 114, 409. RASCIA, arms, II., 123, 184. RASPB, amu, I., VXA. Kfils as charges, I., 252. RATTRAY, arm*, h, 172. RATZEBURG, Principality of, arms, I.,
168; II., 116. 331. RAUCH, arms, I., 144. Rai'ttn-kranz, L, 141, 338; PI. XIIL, fig.
6, p. 140. RAYANl, ami*, I., 361. Jiaren a* a charqe, I., 276. RAVENS, ar,a», I., 276. RAVENSBERG, arm*, L, 150; II., 323,
833, 334. RAVEXSTEIN, armf, IL, 334. RAVEXTHORPE, ami*, L, 276. RAVESCHOOT, VAN, aruis, I., 276. RAVESTEIN, PHILIP DE, amu, II.,
108. Rarinsant, L, 241, 442, 483. UAYXOR, ami*, L, 306. Rnyonnant, I., 325, 442, 483. Rays, 1., 442. Rebated, I., 442. Rtbattements, I., 99, 483. R''fjraM(', I., 4.S4.
RECCESVINTHUS, King, IL, 254. RecerccU, I., 484. Ricao.ler, I., 4 42. Rrctn'CelUe, cro*.% I., 169. RECHBERG, Counts of, amis, I., 234. RECHTEREN, Counts of, arms, 1., 152. KKCHTHALEK, arms, I., 96. RECKHEIM, Counto von, arms, I., 225;
IL, 117, 276 ; PI. XX., fig. 1, p. 204. Rrronpe, I., 484. R(d, L, 66.
Red coat, plain, L, 73. REDES DALE, MITFORD, Lord, arms,
I. 251. REDMAIX, arms, I., 394. Redorte, L, 484. REEDE, Counto, arms, I., 137.
GINKEL, EjirLi of ATHLONE,
arm*, I., 137. REES, «)•»«, I., .3M. REEVES, Bishop, quoted, 1 1., 309. R<;f€nt€, L, 484. Rftlrctfd, orrfflerrd, L, 442. RBFUGE, DU, arms, L, 290. REGALIEN, arms, I., 74; IL, 3.30, 338,
334. Rraardant, L, 229, 442, 484. REGENSTEIX, County uf, amis, L, 246 ;
IL, 332. REGOLI, arms, I., 100. REG ROLTZ WILE, arms, I., 837. REICIIBROD, amis, I., 406. REICH EXSTEIN, Counts von, arm*, L,
364. REED & BROOK, (hi tht Regalia of Scot- laud, 1 1., 257. REID, motto, II. , 387. REIDER, arw*. L, 207. REIGSDORP8, amis, I., 310. REILLE, Count, ai-m*, I., 814. Reindeer, I., 442.
,, a* a charge, I., 245. REINECK, Barons von, ami*, I., 243.
,, Counto of, arms, I., 103.
REINFELDBN, arm*, L, 103. REITSTAP, arm*, I., 97j
( 500 )
Rtuipli, I., 484. Renaiti, I., 484. REXAllD, ami*, I., 243. REXAUD, ann», I., 243.
„ DE VELORT, supporUiA. I.,
253. Henekitr, I., 484. Jiencontif, I., 484. REXDEL, Lord, cr<4t, II., 243. R^NlS, King of NAPLES, SICILY, and JERUSALEM, 11., 821. „ Toarnay Regulations of, II., 806. Rent or BloMii, I., 3S. RENNEBURO, an/w, I., 150. RENNBR, ai-nin, I., 249. RENNBS, City, ar«M, I., 101. RenovL; I., 39. RENTY, aniw, I., SCr, ; II., 50.
„ ISAUELLE, heirecM of, [1., 59. REN VERS, arniM, l., 144. Rtnv€rsf, I., 484. Rtnvevsiv, I., 325. Repotencf, I., 484. Kept kits Hi chartjti, I., 281, 287. Rci'e-uiO\i*<, I., 442. Regarcele, 1., 484. iitu/, I., 442. Rggtx, I., 402. RETUEL, aniM, II., 277.
LOUIS, Count of, II., 288. Rdoi'ttfl, 1., 442. Rarait, I., 484. Retmnche, I., 442, 484. Retfanch^t CroAt, I., 171. Rtlrosptcliot Rerittc, II., 308. R(lro»»w, I., 484.
REUSa, Princes of, arm^, I., 227, 275. REVALD08, arm*, I., 302. /{ei«7, I. 442.
REVENTLOW, anu.'<, I., 37i>. REVEREND DU MESNIL, LE, am*. L,
i'tl
REVERONI, anui, I., 203. RevKi-ftt'f, I., 148, 442. REVEST, DB, arw4, I., 101. REY, Ifistoire du Drapeuu, dt» Cov.lrura, et d(:« Iruigntf Of la MonarchU Fi-an^aUr, I., 292, 343, 345, S'll ; II. 312. „ RICHARD,./^ U, ann9, IL, 177. REYNELL, arum, I., 379. REYNOLDS, nn.tx, L, 382. REYNOLDSWYLE, arni», I., 337. RHAIN, see 8CHEUCHEN8TUEL. RHEDAY, Countess CLAUDINE VOX,
IL, 143. RHEIXA-WOLBECK, Prince of, IL,
61. RHEINAU, ttn«*, L, 183. RHINE, ALBERT, Count Ptdatine of the, atttl, I., 203 ; IL, 91 ; iv.p- porter, 275. CounU PALATINE OF THE,
arm*, I., 225. LOUIS, Count PALATINE of
the, teal, 1 1., 70. LOWER, an«;«, IL, 33<\ PALATINATE of the, anns, I., 890; II., 70,91,340. RHODES, Borereigns of, air,ii>. I., 152.
,, ntotto, 1 1., 3S6. RHODIUS, arnu, I., 215. Ribantf, L, 142, 442. RIBAUMONT, DE, arm*, I., 175.
f*
>i
II
II • I
Ribbwu around akieldt, II., 291. RIBEAUPIERRE, Counts de, antu, I.,
180 ; IL, 409. RISER A. antiM, I L, 98, 130. RIBERAC, AYDIE, Marquises de, arut*,
I., 250. RICBYS, POMEREU, M&rquia de, arta*,
L, 358. RICH, bwlpe, IL, 401 ; crtM, 187. RICHARD L, King of ENGLAND, I., 221, 223, 31f» ; setU, 34, 220 ; IL, 210; an#w, 317, 31S ; badge, 214 ; ertst, 228. IL, King of KNGL.AND, I., 339; f/arter, 341; IL, 10, 19, 277, 402 ; ariMS, 93, 14% 320; PI. XXV.. fig. 3, i». 820; boiige, 214. 216, 217, 218 ; supporter*, 324. IL, Roll of, IL, S3, 46, 94. IIL, King of ENGLAND, IL, 322; badiff, 222; coUar, 225; eroini, 256 ; svpporters^ 325. RICHARD, King of the Romans, anut,
I., 182, 267; suppon-ter*, 11., 275. RICHARDOT, amii^, L, 836. RICHEBOURG, GUILLAUMB Seigneur
de, anas, II.. 40. JACQUES DE LUXEM- BURG, Seigneur de, udm^, II., ic. RICHELET, JHeHonnaire, IL, 407. RICHELIEU, Cardinal Due de, ann*, L.
150. RICHEMONTB, Comte de, arm», IL, 24.
25. RICHMOND, Duke of, supporUrs, L, 312. Earls of, anus, I., ItO. HENRY FITZROY, Duke
of, arui!*, 1 1., 180. Honour of, Uidtn, I., 342. JEAN DE BRETAGNE, Earl of, iHinner, IL, 33. RICHTERSWYL, arniM. L, 131. RIDDELL, amm, L, 359; PI. XXXIIL, fig. 11, p. 352. Cmntaents on the Ktir f^r-
Jbmiance, IL, 38. ertst-corontt, 1 1., 250. of the Ilk, IL, 42. quoted, I., 393.
Hcotttsh Peerage and Om- sistoi-ial Lav, II., 69. „ WALTER, arm*, IL, 42.
RIDEL, GEOFFREY, Bishop of ELY,
anus, I., 176. RIEBECK, VAN. anus, L, 409; PL
XXXVL, flg. 2, p. 880. RIED, anus, L, 808. RIENECK, set VOIOT. RIETBERGS, Princes of OST-FRIES-
LAND, anuf, L, 310 ; IL, 115. RIETER. DIB, tirms, L, 318. RIETSTAP, Annorial Oiniral, I., HO, 179, 21S; IL, 124, 162, 265, 266, 290. RIGBL, VON, antu, L, 111, 158; PL
XVIL, fig. 8, p. 156. Rigged, L, 442. RIGSTRUP, anus, L, 810. RILEY, anus, L, 164. RINACH, an}ut, L, 236. RINALDI, ann*, L, 103. Rinceau, L, 484.
»» 11
II
II
II
II II II
II
( 501 )
RIOU, nwtio, II., 886.
BIFON, Marqneu of, crett-coronetf II.,
250. Rising, I., 271, 442. RITTBBRG, anM, I., 310. RIVARI, arnut, I., 802. Rictr I., PI. XXXI., fig. 11, p. 822. RIVfiRS, EarlB of DEVON, amu, I., 226. RIVlfcRE, HENRY DE, arw», II., 12. RIZOZLETTI, aniu, I., 182. RJEVSKI, aniM, I., 279. ROANNAIS, AUBUSSON, Dues de la,
artiw, I., 108. ROBALOS, ai-ffM, I., 802. ROBECQ, Priaoes de, ama. II., 61. ROBERT I., King of SCOTLAND, II., 210. II., King of SCOTLAND, L,
189, 228 ; II., 30, 55, 73, 139,
190, 286 ; eapelhu, 245.
„ III., King of SCOTLAND, I., 189. (BRUCE), King of SCOT- LAND, L, 187, 188, 189; II., 189, 190. ROBERTSON, ar»M, I., 241 ; IL, 403.
,, chained »aviige of, II.,
290. ROBSART, Sir LEWIS, Lord BOUR-
CHIER, tonibf II., 304. Roc, I., 404, 484.
,, d'echitfuiei', I., 484. ROC A, nniu I., 403. ROCABKRTI, arnu, I., 404. ROCABRUNA, antu, I., 404. ROCCHI, arms, I., 403. ROCELINE, arnut, I., 393. ROCHE, ANTOINE, Comto de la, or«w, II., 199; PI. XVI., fig. 3, p. 172. DK BEAUSAINT, DE LA, arms, I., 199. „ FOUCAULD, Seigneur de la,
II., 405. „ MATHIEU, Baron DB LA,
arms, II., 195, 196. „ ;««'♦ PAIEN. „ SUR YON, Prince* de la, annu,
II., 41. ROCHECHOUART, Due de MORTE-
MAR, arms, I., 103. Rt>CIIEFORT, arms, I., 80.
„ JEAN, Seigneur de, arms,
IL, 196; PL XVIL, fig. 2, p. 178. ROCHEFOUCAULD, LA, arm<t, L, 148;
PL XIV., tig. 9, p. 146. „ Duo de la, 1 1., 405.
ROCUEJAQUELEIN, DU VERGIER,
Martinis de la, motto, IL, 382. ROCHESTER, INGLETHORPE, Biahop of, arms, I., 153. „ JOHN, Bishop uf, arms,
L, 161. ROBERT CARR, Vis- count, arms, IL, 152. „ WILMOT, Earl of, arnu,
I., 116. ROCHFORT, arms, IL, 151. ROC HOW, arms, I., 242. ROCKENHAUS, CounU VON, arms, L,
88. R0CKHAU8EN, anns, I., 06. ROCOURT, src OH A. ROCQUENGHIEN, arww, L, 191.
Rod, GintUiiuni-Vsher qf ths Oreen, 1 1., I 348.
„ Usher of thf. Black, IL, 846. RODE, LA, arms, I., 140. RODEMACHERN, anns, L, 103. RODENBURG, VAN, arms, I., 248. RODENEGGS, CounU WOLKENSTEIN, arms, L, 148; PL XIV., fig. 4, p. 146. RODNEY, arms and motto, II. , 879. RODOLPH, Emi)eror, I., 268.
„ of SWABIA, seal, I., 255.
ROECK, DE. anus, I., 276. ROEMER-BUCHNER, DU Siegel (to*
deutclun Kaistr, L, 345 ; II. , 259. ROGERS, Le Blason chez Us Princes Miu-
ul mantis tl de la Sjfrie, I., 39. ROGIER, arms, L, 133.
„ ANSOLDE DE, IL, 404. ROHAN, arms, L, 112 ; motto, IL, 3S4. „ CHABOT, Dukes of, arms, I.,
284 ; IL, 12i?. „ Dues d^ arms, L, 196; II. , 128. „ GUEMEN^E, Princes of, araiSj
IL, 128. „ JOHN, Vicomte de, IL, 128. ROHRMANN, arms, I., 404. ROISIN, COETQUEN, Marquises de,
arms, I., 104- ROJAS, arms, I., 826. ROKEWOOD, arms, I., 403. ROLA, arms, L, 868; PL XXXVL, fig. 8, 1). .S80. „ WOLSKI, Counts, arms, I., 808. Roll, First Nobilitit, L, 79. „ of CacrlaverocL; IL, 14, 26. ,, of the 15th Century, IL, 9. ,, Sfcoifd Sobility, L, 79. ROLLAINCOURT, DE, arms, L, 409.
MARIE DE, IL, 48. ROMAN EMPIRE, Arms of OfficiaU of
HOLY, li., 146. „ „ ^ittf/Zeaof HOLY, IL,
IM. „ „ HOLY, oniM, L, 225;
croinu, IL, 259. RO.MAXES, arms, L, 354. ROMANOFF, arms, II. , 339. ROMANOFFSKI, Piinces of, arms, IL,
91. ROMARE, WILLIAM DE, Earl of LIN-
COLN, seal, L, 56 ; arms, IL, 43. ROMBERG, Barons, arms, I., 340. ROME, City, arms, L, 410. RO.MHILD, CounU of, arms, I., 380; IL,
833 334. ROMIEU, ar}M, L, 391. ROM ILLY, Lord, jupporter*, IL, 297. Ro.,ijn', L, 442, 484. ROMR^E, CounU of, arms, L, 244. UOMUL, anns, L, 241. RONCHIVECCHI, arms, I., 144. ROXQUERROLES, an»w, L, 82. Roofers a charge, L, 880. Rook; chess, as a charge, L, 408. ROON, Count von, arms, 1 1., 166. ROORDA, arms, I., 199. ROOS, DE, arms, L, 372; badge, IL,
400.
ROQUE, D'ESTUER DE LA, an^M, L, 404. „ DE LA, anns, I., 403.
„ M •• Ti^iti singulier du
Blason, I., 344.
( 502 )
ROQUE, LA, Traite de rOrigine lUt Nmu, II., 45. „ LA, Works of, IL, 8. ,, „ TraiUiU NottleMt,l.,l}.
ROQUE LA I7RE, Dues de, arms, [.,.
403. ROQUEMAUREL, an/i«, L, 403. ROQL'ES, uriiM, I., 403. Jtoquet, L, 404. ROQUETl'B, ai-ni^, L, 403. RORDORF, anj<v«, L, 193. ROS, DE, arnig, I., 872. „ BVERARD DE, L, 872. „ MARGARET BRUCE, Latly de, »fal, IL, OS. ROSDORFF, VON, armr, L, PO; PI.
VI I. , fig. 2, p. 98. Rose, 1., 442.
,, mark of seventh son, IL, 64. RO^E of Kilrayock, arnm, I., 372. ROSEBERV, ARCHIBALD, Earl of, arum, L, 190. ,, Earl of, aniu, L, 355.
ROSEXBERG, ar«w, L, 101, 341.
,, Princes, aniu, L, 342.
Amet, L, PL XXXIIL, fig. 3, p. 352. ,, uji eharf/t*, L, 337, 341. „ dippeff, L, PL XXXIIL, fig. 4, p.
352. „ H ars of the, L, 342 ; IL, 3. ROSE'S, MS., L, 189. ROSMADBC, Mai-qtiises of. amn, L, IOC. ROSNY, anm, L, 137. ROSOY, JULIENNE, Dame de, Mat, L, 52. „ ROGER DE, avhis, I., 52. ROSPIGLIOSI, Princes, armx, L, 194. ROSS, ALEXANDER, Earl of, teaf, L, 383, 384 ; mpi>orl(r, IL, 27<). „ ami*, L, PL XXXIV., fig. 12, p.
304 : IL, 100, 152. „ EUPHEMIA, IL, 73. ,, ,, Countess of, gup-
povter, II. , 27(J. „ JAMES STUART, Duke of, fevl,
L, 311 ; mpportn.*, IL, 280. „ JOHN, Earl of, mtf, L, 384. „ T^rd, arm*, L, 372. ,, of Kendal, aruut, L, 372. „ PATERSON, Bishop of, IL, 53. R0SSEL8, orjHx, L, 292. ROSSELYN, arm*, L. 393. ROSSLER, or»w, L, 249. ROSSLYN, SINCLAIR, Earl of, om', L,
152. ROSSI, annx, L, 74, 226, 328. ROSTAING, arum, I., 22(5. ROSTOCK, Lonlship, annn, L, 801 ; IL,
110, 330. ROSTOPCHIN, ainu*, IL, IM. ROSVKRN, anu«, I., 291. ROTELBN, County of, antin, L, 235. ROTELN, County of, arum, L, 235 ; IL,
115; PL XV., fig. 3, p. 108. ROTENBURG, Counts von, annx, L, 187. ROTHALL, Counts von, arnm, L, 170. ROTHERU AM, an,M, L, 245; PL XXV L,
fig. 9, p. 240. ROTHES, JOHN, Duke of, IL, 105. ROTHSCHILD, Lord, arm*, I., 868 ROTZELAER, GEOFFREY DE, arms,
IL, 12. RouanLl., 485. ROUCK, DE, I., 71.
ROtCK, Den NeihilaiuIttekeM Hrraufd
XL, 173. ROUCY, arniM, I., 225. Rove dt St. Calhtrint, L, 485. R0UG£:, Marquisra de, armfy I., 162. ROUILLON, OLIVIER, xupportrr*, IL,
279. ROUMANIA, rtrwiji, IL, 341. RoMuied, I., 442. Roandlts, L, 1T4, 200, 442; PL XX I L,
figs. 4 anil 7, p. 190. ROUPY, MONTMORENCY'-, amu, IL.
62. ROUS, anrtjr, I., PI. XL, fig. 2, p. 12S. Rovnant, I.. 442. ROUSSBLET, arms, I., 75. ROUSSET.rtniw, L, 171. ROUSSILLON, GERARD DE, quoU-<l,
L, 2S2. ,) LOUIS, Comte de, orw^,
IL, 195. ROUTS, anns, I., 128. ROUVILLE, DE, arum, L, 284. ROUVROY, ST. SIMON, antu, IL,
128 ROUX, arMW, L, 75, 76.
„ FERRY DE CROY, Seigneur de,
arnm, 1 1., 59. ROVERB, DELLA, Dukes of URBINO,
arnui, I., 330; IL, 134. ROXBURGH, ALEXANDER, tupporter,
II. , 278. Roml (feoaraphicnl Sockty^nSopplenifHlar^
Papttf, I., 202. ROZIER DE LINAGE, arm*, I., PL
XIV., fig. 10, p. 146. RUBEI, armit, L, 74. RUBEMPR^, tti'HW and gupporterty IL,
291. Rubi', L, 72, 442. RUCH8TEIN, Barons von, <«/•>>«*, I., i>{* ;
PL VL.fig. 12,1). 94. Rt^DBBRG, arum, L, 103. Ri'DICKHEIM, arum, L, 142. RUDIGER, Count, atnag, IL, 168. RUDOLPH I, lUmldica Vvrlaui, I., 7, 42. RUBSDORF, annt, I., 133 ; PL XXI., fig.
3, p. 188. RUFFKLAERT, arm^, L, IDS. RUFFO, arm*, IL, 82, 90. RUKOFF, a^^H*, L, 294. Rules) of Blason, L, 111, 115. RUMLINGEN DE BERG, Barons, ar><ix,
L, 148. RUPERT, Emperor, crotra, IL, 259. Rt/PPELIN, Barons von, ami*, L, 159. RUPPIN, County, arm*, I., 207; II.,
337. RUSE, IL, 405. RUSPOLI, ai-»m, I., 336. RUSSIA, arms, IL, 337; cockwh', 377. Au^iientatio-M in, IL, 103. Ruihi of, IL, 164. Emperors of, anum, IL, 339;
crotm*, 201. Grand-duke CONSTANTINEi.f,
arum, IL, 339. Im)ttrtal Stnndanf, II., 815. Ordrrnof, 1 1., 3«>7. Parilion, 1 1., 251. Ruuian Empire, Autitiv.Uiet oj the, II.,
202. RUSSIAN EMPIRE, arm*, IL, IM.
XXVI L, fig. 2, pp. 336, 385».
It i> If
II 11
II
(503)
II
II
II
11
II
RUSSELL, amis, L, 292; PL X., fig. S, p. 116. Duke of BEDFORD, urnm,
1., 116. Lftdj ODO, ariuf, IL, 126. uf Killowen, Lord, *u})- poiiert, fL, 297. Bustt!, I., 196.
MuMi'i, The, I., 126, 192, 196, 442, 485. RUTHERFORD of Fainiington, arms,
IL, 42. RUTHVEN, PATRICK, Earl of FORTH
and BRENTFORD, nrni», IL, 155. RUTLAND, Duke of, Bupporter, L, 312. E%rlof, Mai, IL, 804. EDWARD, Earl of, aruis, IL, 17 ; »eaJ, 94. „ Figure from ttnal of Earl of,
IL, PL, XXIV., fig. 4, p. 800. Sir JOHN MANNERS, Earl of, arnut, IL, 150. Rt XNER, GEORGE, Thurniej' Buch, L,
41 42 44. RUXTON, motto, II. , 3S7. RUYSBROEK, Counta de, arm*, L,
133. RUYTER, DE, monmaent, IL, 26S. RUZOU, DU, ar,u>^, L, 198. RYCKEVORSEL, VAN, ann», L, 293. Jit/e, L, PI. XXXIIL, fig. 11, p. 852. „ Ear^ o/, (M chu)t/€ii, L, 359. RYE, an>M, 1., 359. ,, Marquia de VARAMBON, ann$, L, 268. RYMER, quoted, IL, 217. RYS, arnui, L, 239. RYTS. VAN DBR, armn, L, 150. RYTWIANY-ZI50R0WSKI, Counta de, aniut, L, 373.
8AANECK, Bjiron von, IL, 18. 8AAREBRUCK, JOHN, Comte de, grants
tiorst, IL, 398. BAARWERDEN, Counta of, a»-WM, L,
2«8. SAB BEN, ai-JM L, 199. 8ABBINGEN, nr»u, L, 138. SABCOTT, o.rnu, L, 368. SfibU, L, 66, 72, 443, 4SJ ; PL III., fig. 5, p. 06. ,, lU, L, 66. ,, ptein, I., 74.
„ represented by cross lines, L, 7L SABLlS, COLBERT, Marquis de, «r«w, L,
289. SABLONNIERB, DE LA, ann», L, 216. SABRAN, nriuM, L, 226.
„ PONTEVES, Dues de, a>»w,
L,226. SACHEVERELL, arom, IL, 186.
FRANCES and VAL- ENCE, natural cliil- dren of HENRY, IL, 186. GEORGE, IL, 186. SACHSENGRUN, «« KFELLBR. SACQUEVILLE, amut I., 272. BADE, ELZBAS DE, ai-mit, IL, 158. „ LAURA, wife of UGO DE, IL, 158. Soffit, L, 485. SAFFRES, an)i>, L, 271. SAGE, motto, IL, 384.
II
!•
Saffe as a charge, I., 361. Saffittarf/, I., 443. St'iUant, L, 485. SAINT LB, niotto, IL, 385.
„ VRAIN, lSAB£LLEDE,ar»t«, L, 64. 8AI8Y, motto, IL, 380. SALLAH-BD-DIN, or 8ALADIN, thieUf,
L, 39. „ Sultan, L, 37.
Salamandet', I., 443.
„ CM a charge, I., 308.
SALAZAR, Cam lie Lani, IL, 105. SALE, iee MEDICO. SALHEIM, see HUND. Salian Franks, the, I., 6. Saliant, or Salient, L, 443. Salient, L, 230. 8ALIGNONS, arm*, L, 147. SALINS, DB, aruui, I., 140; IL, 48, 20s. ,, Vicomtes de, amis, L, 404. SALIS, Counttf de, anMJi, I 335. SALISBURY, Biahopof, IL, 346.
Earl of, arms, I., 268; IL,
94. Marquess of, ann*, IL, 5'>. MONTAGUE, or MONTA- CUTE, Bark of, «r«w, L, 194. See of, ann^, L, 207. SIMON, brother of JOHN,
Earl of, IL, 180. THOMAS, Earl of, IL,
186. WILLIAM LONOESPEE, Earl of, anus, L, 233 ; IL, 67.
WILLIAM MONTACUTE, Earl of, IL, 344. SALM, Counts of, UPPER, ov»jj, IL, 4:>.
,, Princes of, armt, L, 193, 284. SALMON, arms, L, 281 ; PL XXIX., fig. 6, p. 278. ,, cuf charges, I., 281, 284.
,, hauriant, I., PL XXIX., fig. 6,
p. 278. SALOMONI, ai-ms, L, 109. SALON ISI, arms, I., 104. SALPERWICK, Marquis de GRIGNY,
arms, L, 174. Saltirf, ancrh, L, PL XVL, fig. 11, p. 154. ,, and chief, I., PL XVL, fig. 8, p.
154. „ and crosslets, L, PL XVL, (Ig.
154. ,, couped, I., PL XVL, fig. 11, p.
154. „ Per, tig. 39, L, 87 ; PI. V., fig. 12,
p. 88. „ The, I., 153, 443 ; PL XVL, fig. 7, p. 154; fig. 48, L, 125, 126. Saltiretcaus, I., 443. Saltorels,!., 443. SALVAING, motto, IL, 886. SALUCES, Princes of SALUZZO, artus,
L, 128. SALVE RT, Marquises de, arms, I., 168. SALVIAC, arr,is, L, 375. SALZBURG, Duchy, arms, IL, 121, 335. SAMSON, arms, L, 208.
,, as a charge. L, 208.
SAMUELSON, on»w, I., 313.
II
II II
II II
II i>
( 504 )
8AN DONATO, Dukee of, aniu, I., 138. „ Fnmoeoco, at Viterbo, Church of, I.,
45. „ 8BV£R(X0, Dues de, aruu, I., 131 ;
11., 128. „ SKVERO, Dnkes of, amis, I., 318. SANGER RB, CounU de, m, II., .179. SANCHEZ, ann», I., 141 ; PI. XIII., fig.
a, p. 140.
,, DON ALONZO, II., 204.
SANCHO, *'the Strong" King of NA- VARRB, I., 370. IV. King of NAVARRE, UERENGARIA, daughter of, II., 319. SANCTA-PETRA, quoted, I., 19. SANDBERG, nnM, II., 399. 8 AND FORD, ai-nu, I., 102. 8ANDILANDS, aritu, II., 141.
,, lambrequin, II., 245.
„ Lord TORPHICHBN,
artiu, II., 165. SAN DON, ariM, I., 92. SANDOVAL, aniM, I., 140. SANDWICH, Earl of, tupporUr, I., 317 ;
aniiA, II., 186. SANDYS, an»M, I., 162, 172; PI. XV., fig.
2, p. 152 ; baxlyv, II., 400. Sangle, I., 485. SANGLIBR, I.,239, 485. 8ANQR0, DI, aniM, I., 318. Siinguine, I., 66, 72.
„ or BIo<kI colour, I., PI. III., fig. 9, p. (W. SANUUINETTO, Count of, ai*MW, II.,
167, Sittis-iMinbre, I., 443. SANTA CROCE, armti, II., 86. SANTAPAU, Prinoed de BUTERA, anat,
I. 99. SANTEUIL, nrMM, I., 213. 8ANTHBUVEL, VAN DEN, arm$, I.,
250. SANTIAGO, HENRY, Grand Master of Onler of, armA, II., 202. ORDER OF, II., 292, 871. 8APCOTE. arms, I., 379. Sapphire, I., 72, 443.
Saractn'g HiO'i, I., 448; Pi. XXIII., fig.
4, p. 206. ,, ,, n» a charge, I. J 212.
Sarc*'M, I., 443. StirciUv, Ci'OM, I., 169. SARDINIA, «r»M, I., 212; PI. XXIII.,
fig. 6, p. 206. Sanlonyx, 1., 72, 443. Sarui'%U, I., 836. 8ARMIENTO, aruu I., 336. 8 ARK A NTB, ar»M, I.. 74. SARTIGES, urm», I., 150. SARTORIUS, nwHo, II., 385. SASSBNAGE, AVMAR DE, ar,m, I., 54. GUILLAUMB DE, arm$,
I. 54. MARGUBRITA, II., 195. motto, II., 881. 8ASS0FERRAT0, BARTOLUS A,
quoted, II., 170. SAS800N, ci'tat, I., 242. SATTELBOGEN, arnu, I., 96. Satunfat/ Heriew, I., 262. SaturA, 1., 72. 8ATURNINI, arwM, I., 314. Satyr, I., 443.
II
It
II
SAULX, Duo de TAVANNES, oma, I.,
226. SAUSBNBBRO, oniw, II., 115. Sautoir, I., 153,485.
, , XlM, 1. , 4od.
„ Pauui» tn, I., 485. SAVA, Barona, artM, I., 183. Savage, I., PI. XXIII. , fig. 2, p. 206. Savage cu a charge, I., 210. SAVALBTTB, artM, I., 309. SAVELLI, ai-^M, II., 86.
„ Duoe de, arii$u, II., 29S. SAVBUSB, ar^M, I., PI. XXli., fig. 1, p, 196; II., 35. ,, Marquiede, at'tiM, I., 197. SAVILE, Barl of SiBXBOROUGH, arms,
I., 140. SAVIOUR, BLESSED, at a charfft^ I., 206. „ The, II., 261.
SAVONA, MILLE8IM0, Marqniaee de,
arm* tknA nupporttrt, II., 288. SAVONAROLA, orww, L, 279. SAVORY, anm, L, 197. SAVOY, AGNES, wife of, Count PETER of, teal. II., 67. „ AMADEO of, II., 205; aniu,
111. „ AMADBU8, Count of, II., (^7. „ „ v.. Count of, $up-
partert, II,, 272. ,, M VI., of, Ct'rtt And .
Mupporterg, II., 273. „ „ of, $tal, L, 64,
,, ariui, II., 67, 82, 204, 315. „ AYMON of, suppmlers, II., 273. „ BEATRICE of, sup2iortera, II.,
272. „ CARIGNAN, ariJM, II., 315. „ Count AMADEUS VI. of, II.. 369. Count AYMON of, II.. 204. Duke CHARLES III. of, II.,
368. Duke PHILIP, Sans-tent, of,
II., 204. Dukee of, arnu, I., 152. EDWARD, Count of, supporttrt, II. 278. „ HUMBERT, BfUard de, arou,
II., 204. ,, House of, II., 41. „ LOUIS DE, arvM, II., 205. „ „ Dakeof, IL, 82, 205.
„ Marks of Illegitimacy in, IT.,
204. ,, REN^, Bdtard fU, anns, II,,
204. ,, supporter , I., 256. SAXE CHEVALIER DE, aniw, II., 144. LE DUC DB, arms, IL, PL XL,
fig. 8, p. 144. ■COBURG, ALFRED, Duke of, hU>d, fig. 3, II. , 20, 22. Duke of, II. , 263. -QOrHA, Prince ALBERT of, arms, II., 333; rrotni, 263. „ „ Prince LEOPOLD of,
arttui, II. , 23. „ -MBININGRN, ADELAIDE, dnughter of GEORGE FRBDBRIK of, arms, II., 332.
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8AXE-WBIMAR, eoelfule, II., 376. SAXOX-DUCHIES, coeLxule, II., 37d. SAXONY, ANNA MARIA, daughter of MAURICE, Elector of, II., 108. ariH», I., 74, 141, 142 ; II., 23, 85, 108, 112, 115, SS3, 884, 337, 342. conquered, I., 6. eoekxule, II., 376; a-est, 237,
238. Duke of, 1., 6, Dakes of, seali, II., 70. ELECTOR of, amut, II., 146. KingN of, ar}n»t I., BOH. LOWER, arms, II., 331. P&latinate, amis, I., 267; II.,
334. Prince* FRANCIS XAVIER of, arms, II., 144. SAY, Lord, arnUf I., 92. SAYN, Counts of, anus, I., PI. XXIV., fig. 2, pp. 224, 375. ,, Princes of, arms, I., 229. SCALA, ALBOINO DELLA, arms, IL, 157. arms, IL, 117.
CAN DELLA, ar»is, IL, 157. JOHANNA, (laughter of JOHN, DELLA, IL, 117. „ Princes della, arms, L, 381. Sralett, I., 443.
SCALES, ANTHONY WOODVILLE, Lord, IL, 199. „ bwfpt, IL, 400.
„ ROBERT DE, an>M, I., 287.
SCALIGER, rtrwM, L, 381.
„ JOHANNA, daughter of
JOHN, IL, 117. Scaling LadtUr, L, PL XXXV., fig. 6, p.
376. Scallop, L, 4*3. Scallops at chan,>€S, L, 286. SCALTENIQHI, arms, L, 81. SCANDINAVIA, crests in, IL, 234. S:arpe, L, 443. SCARRON, arms, L, 141. Sceptres as champs, L, 896. SCHADEWALDB, tea DBBSCHCTZ. SCHABP, nrm<, L, 248. SCHAESBEUG, Counte of, arm>t, I., 202. SCHAGEN, armit, IL, 20L SCHATZ, »n,M, L, 175. SCHAUMANN, arms, L, 399. SCHAW, arm», L, :397. SCHAWENBURG, Barons von, arms, I.,
186. 8CHKFFER, »h AntiquU vaHsfiM Riffni Sutcca; Itisigniltus, I., 395 ; IL, 273. SCHELDORFER, arms, L, 91; PL V.,
fig. 5, p. 88. SCHBLKLINGBN, BERG, Counts von,
arms, L, 104. SCHBLTENBERG, see MARQUARD. SCHEPERS, supporUrs, IL, 291. H('HEPPERMAN, tombstoM, L, 77. SCHESTEDT, HANNIBAL DB, arms,
IL, 162. SCHEUCHENSTUEL DE RHAIN, ar««,
L, 210. SCHEURLER, arms, I., 84. SCHILLER, WatUnsUin, IL, 85. SCHILLING, Counts von, arms, I., 404.
SCHINDBL, DIE. arms, I., 197. SCHIO, Counts DA, amu, I., 318. SCHIPSTOW, anus, I., 381. SCHIZZI, CounU, anwi, I., 110. SCHLEOBL, arms, I., 104. SCHLEIDEN, arms, I., 76. 8CHLB8WIG, arms, IL, 207, 287, 837.
•HOLSTBIN, HELBNA
of, label, fig. 6, IL, 20, 23. SCHLIBBEN, Cooites, arms, IL, 164. SCHLIBMANN, Dr, quoted, L, 259. SCHLOTHBIM, Connto von, arms, IL,
205. 8CHMID, arms, I., 202.
„ VON GRtJNBCK, amu, I.,
289. SCHMIDBURQ, Baron von, arms, I.,
893. SCHMIDT, Barons, arms, IL, 168.
„ Die IVappen oiler Fiirsten und
StO'iUn, L, 83. SCHNEIDER, VON, IL, 408. SCHONAICH, Barony, arms, I., 355. 80H0NAU, see EGLOP. SCHONBORN, Counts von, arms, I., 360. SCHONBURG, Princes of, «n*M, I., 104. SCHONEN, arms, L, 268. SCHONFELD, CounU von, arms, I., 336. SCHONSTEIN, arvts, I., 131. SCIIOONHOVEN, JEAN DE, arms, IL,
12. SCHOONHOVEN, VAN, otst, I., 216. SCHOONVELT, VAN, arwa, I., 137. SCHOREL, VAN. arms, I., 209. 8CH0RISSE, VAN, arms, L, 191. SCHRBCK, arms, L, 290. SCHROT. VON, arms, I., PL VIL, fig. 8,
pp. 98, 99. SCH ROTE R HORNER, L, 389. SCHWABRGG, arms, IL, 85. SCHWALENBERO, CounU of, IL, 106;
arms, 12. WITEKIND, Count
of, IL, 12, 13. SCHWARTZBURG, Princes of, arms, IL,
9-2, 113, 158. GUNTHER VON,
seal, I., 259. SCH WARZEN BERG, Princes of, arms,
L. 101, 21H. SCHWEIDNITZ, CounU VON, arms, L,
96. SCHWBINITZ, motto, IL, 385. SOHWERiX, Count* of, arms, L, 90, 198, 218: IL. 116, 830, 33L PRINCIPALITY, ODtt*, IL,
116. SCHWIEBUS, anus, IL, 330. ScUnce, L, 25. Scintillant, L, 443. Scissors as charnts, L, 407. SCLAVONIA, arms, L, 390. SCLBROS, arms, I., 297. SCOPULL ar,A», L, 406. SCORPION B, arms, L, 291. Scorpions as chanm, 1., 288, 291. SCOT of THIRLSTANE, JOHN, am*, I.,
190.
SCOTLAND, orjiM, I., 348; IL, 30, 81,
56, 69, 78, 95, 100, 111,
128, 139, 149, 190, 280,
326, 328, 829.
A uffnienlations in, XL, 155.
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SCOTLAND, badge, II., 224.
Cfjuitncy in, II., S. Ci-at of y I.,'J»1 Cre»ts in, TL, 241. eroitn, iL, 2.'>7. Emblem of, I., 352. Great Master of the Hoiiae-
liold of, arm», XL, 292. Introduction of aruiA into,
I., 61. Justice General of, mark
of office of, II., 292. Lnmbrt'jv.in in, II., 247. Lions oj\ II., 282. Lord High Chamberlain of,
anun, II., 292. Marks of Illegitimacy in,
H., 189. Marshalling in, II., 130. MATILDA of, arm», II.,
818. Names in South, II., 5. Princes of, ejww/n, I., 221. Rojfal Insiure of, II., 155,
15«. SupjiorUn of Royal Armn,
I., 311; II., 277. tupporter* in, II., 2f)5. Supposed origin of Inulffe,
I., 353. TftiAttesot, IL, 15(1. Unicot-n of, IL, 32tf. Use of bonlurt in, IL, 25, SO.
SCOTT, arm*, L, PI. XXV., fig. 6, p. 234; IL, 6. motto, IL, 387. ,, Bal weary, amm, I., 235. „ BOON RAW, ARCHIBALD,
ftrwn, IL, 402. ,, Buccleuch, annj», IL, 182. ,, Craignurie, amif, L, 1.30. ,, Fawsyde, «»*»*«, I., 867. ,, Gowen berry, Itortliuv., IL, 31. „ Harden, Sir WILLIAM, nrmn,
IL, 402. ,, Harden, mtpporter, I., 317. ,, Synton, IL, 402. Sir WALTER, qwntin Dunrard, L, 107.
II ,, tuppovter, L, 317.
„ WILLIAM, avmti, IL, 52. SCOTTS in South Scotland. IL, 5. Scourges <«• chai'tttit, L, 390. So'ip, I., 448. BCRIVELSBY, PHILIP M ARM ION,
Baron of, I., 362. Scropm or Scrov.gif, L, 443. Sa-oll, L, 448.
SCROPE, cin/ij.. L, 139; IL, 34, 91; PI. XIII., fig. l,p. 140. „ and GR03VKN0R Controverey,
L, 359: IL, 27. „ badge, IL, 400. „ Earl of WI LTSHIRE, amu, IL,
93. ., HENRY, WILLIAM, and
JOHN LE, arm*, IL, 19. „ RICHARD LE, arm.f, IL, 19. „ • THOMAS LE, armg, IL, 19. Sa-nttle, L, 448. SCUDAMORE, amtm, L, 164, 874; PI.
XXXV., fig. 2, p. 376. 8CYLITZES, antu, L, 253.
II II II
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Scythes, L, PI. XXXVL, fig. 3, p. 8S0.
,, ateiiargts,l.fS67. Sta-dog, I., 443.
,, 04 a charge, L, S15. ti -ffriffin as a charge, I., 303. „ 'hare cut o charge, L, 314. ,, 'horse, L, 443.
„ <M a ehargr., L, 314. ,, -{ton, L, 448.
„ as a charge, I., 315. „ 'ptUol, I., 283, 443. ,, -stag as a charge, L, 314. ,, unirot-n a* a chargty I., 312. SEAFIELD, Earl of, anus, I., 395.
OGILVY, Earl of, arm*, f., 230. Seahorse, L, PI. XXX., fig. 11, p. 804. Seals, L, 38. ,, artus on, L, 46. ,, as chcu-ges, I., 250. 8ECCAN0, onjw, L, 268. SECKAU,annji, L,8.S. SECKBNDORF, Counts von, esntu, I.,
336 ; PI. XXXIL. fig. 6, p. .S36. SEDAN, Princes de, arms, I., 87ti. 8EDLEY, Katherine, IL, 182. SEEBACH, antis, I., 813. SectM, L, 343, 443. SEFTON, MOLYNEUX, Earl of, arm;
L, 168. 8BGALA8, amis, I., 297. 8EGAR, Sir WILLIAM, IL, 250. SEGOING, VAi-iHorial Univtrstl, I., ir^, 272. ,, Ti-aili de VAntiquitt dcs Arnttf,
I., IS. SEGORB, Duke of, crest, T., 310. SEGORBIA, Duke of, ar»jw, IL, 202. SEGOVIA, IBANEZ DE, arm*, L, 1.VJ. SEGRAVE, aruis, L, 227, 360; 1 1.. 37.
JOHN, supporln-s. If., 273. NICHOLAS, DE. arms. 11.,
15.
Sir JOHN DE, a««*. II., 15. Sfgrcant, L, 800, 443. SEGUIER, Chancellor of FRANCE, IL,
245 405. SCOURS, dr^m, L, 241. SEIGNELAY, JEAN BAPTISTE COL- BERT, Marquis de, a>->MJi, L, 2S9. SEINMOR, LORENZ DE, amu, IL, 19. NICHOLAS DE, ann*, IL,
19. RAUF DE, aniM, IL, 19. SEINSHEIM, arms, L, 213. Stjant, [.,281, 444. ,, adilorsett, L, 444. „ 'Ufl'rontr, I., 231. ,, 'ganiont. L, 231. ,, 'tnmpant, L, 231. Se)»<«, L, 121, 444, 485; PI. IX., fig. 10, p. 106. ,, de France, L. 485. ,, d'hoiuines, L, 69. ,, of jHeurs-<le-lis, L, PL IX., fig. 8, 11.
lOtJ. „ of hearts, L, PL IX., fig. 9, p. 106. SEMPILL, arm*, L, PI. XIV., fig. «, 1.. 146 ; IL, 53. Lords, arm*, I., 147. of Bel trees, artns. 1 1., 58.
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S^N^GHAL, LB, arnu, I., 106.
Setiettn:, I., 485.
S^n<9tre, Itflanc, I., 65.
Semttroeherc , I., 485.
Setufrteit, I., 444.
SENLIS, wc BOUTEILLEH, I., 02.
SENS, LB, Marquisea d« MORSON,
amis, I., 3S8. SERAIN6, arm", IT., 34. Seraph, L, 444. SERAPHIM, ORDER OP THE, I., IGl ;
IL 25 368. SERBY, NICHOLAS, X«op«)vi Herald,
I. , 222. SER6, HUtoire de I'Or/ecrerieJoailltrie,
L, 295. SERENELLI, arm*, L, 318. 8<tT>ent Vorant, I,, PI. XXX. fig. 2, p.
304. Serpaitt as ehnrpes, I., 287. 8e*'pe»t'« Itetuls as chartitx, L, 200. 5frra as a charge, I., 315. 8ERVATI, nrui.*, L, 137. 5c)Tj, L, 4, 6.
Strcia, Book- of the Arms of, f., 262. SERVIA, artiif, U., 123, "s4-2. 8ESA, CORDOVA, Dukes of, arm.*, IT.,
92. SBTfl, Posterity of, I., 18. 8ETON, ALEXANDER, «)•»»-, L, 158;
11., 38. ,, Visconnt
KINGSTON, ar»««, 1 1., 57. „ (trm*, I., 251, 324; II., 65.
,, JOHN, eighth Lord, arm*, II.,
156. ,, Lac and Practice of Heraldry in Scotland, I., 46; II., 174. „ motto, II., 3S0. ,, of TOUCH, c»YJ«^ II,, 236. „ quoteil, II., 170, 192, 295. „ Scottiah HeraUlrt,, I., 824; 1 1.,
278. Sir ALEXANDER, arm*, II.,
155. Sir CHRISTOPHER, L, ISO. Star of, II., 290. SETTIMO, Prince* de FITOLIA, arm-', I.,
160. 8EU HERS DOR F, VON, arm*, I., 105. SEUSENEQO, RaroDs von, anas, I.,
194. SEVASTAS, arm*, I., 351. 8EVELD, HENRY DB, supporter, II.,
275. SEVIGN^, Madame DE, referred to, I.,
142. Sex- foil as a chart/'', I., 341. 8EYM0UR, arm*, I., PI. XXVHI., flg. 5, p. 266: hadffe, II., 401. „ Dukea of 80M ERSET, arms,
I., 272; erf St, 313. „ JANE, arms, IL, 151, 152,
323 ; PI. VL, flg. 2, p. 84. SEZE, Conitea de, mott >, II., 383. ,, Count de, o.rifM, I!., 1C2. 8F0RZA, arms, I., 282. Shack-Mt, L, 444. Shantd, I., 444.
SHAFTESBURY, ASTLEY, Earl of,
arms, I., 246. ,, Earl of , supporters, II.,
297. 8HAFT0N, arms, IL, 55.
n
II
Shale/ork', L, 159, 444; PI. XVI L, fig.
12, p. 156. SHAKlSPEARB, arms, I., PI. XXXIV.,
fig. 2, p. 364. HENRY, VI., IL, n. RICHARD II., II., 217. II II 111., 1.,
307. „ WILLIAM, arms, I.,
864. Shamlrrof/nes as charges, I., 408. Shamh,vu(/hs, I., 444. SHARP of Kincarrochy, arms, II. ,
193. SHAW, onus L, 897. Sliawins, I., 399. Shears, I., 444.
,, as charges, L, 409.
Shec]', L, 444.
,, as charges, L, 248. SHEFFIELD, amis, IL, 186.
Duke of BUCKINGHAM, aruis, I., 360. Shell -fish as charges, I., 286. Shepherd's pipe as a chargt, L, 402. SHERBURNE, arm*, I., 2i»9. Shield, 12th century, I., PI. I., fig. 4, p. 44. ,, Divisions of, I., 67. „ Dragon from the Psalter iom of St. Gall, L, PI. IL, fig. 4, p. 50. ,, from 12th century Chessman, I.,
PI. L, fij?. 6, p. 44. ,, from a 12th century MS. at the
Hague, I., PI. L, flg. 7, p. 44. ,, from Chnmpter^ Enamel of Geof. frey Plantitgenet Mt Le Mann, I., PI. I., fig. 10, ]». 44. ,, from Demmiii, I., PI. I., fig. 5, p.
44. ,, from Seal of Abbey of 8. Victor at Marseilles, 12th century, 1., Pi. IL, fig. 2, p. 50. Shields a* chaifft*, I., 3(^.
,, Different forms of, figx. 13-20, L,
58. ,, from Bayeux Tapestry, I., PI. I., figs. 1, 2, 3, p. 44. SHIPBROKE, RICHARD, Baron of, 11.,
4. Shifts cut charges, I., .'^82, 386. SHIRLEY, Earl FERRERS, anns, I.,
174. Shivered, L, 444. SA^k/, L, 97. Shofts as ehartje*, L, 408.
,, horse, as charges, I., 372. 8H0VELL, Sir CLOUDESLEY, arms,
II., 153. Shovels as rhnrnrs, L, 408. SHREWSBURY, bwln., IL, 402.
ROCJER DE MO.NT- GOMERY, Earl t.f, I., 52. „ TALBOT, Earl of,
ai*j*4.«, I., 184. Shrimps as chargt*. I., 2>»7. 8IRBALD, motto, IL, 3S7. SI BELL, arm*, I., 237. SIBERIA, nrhis, IL, 838; crofn, 262. SIBTHORP, motto, 1 1., 886. SICHTERMANN, arms, L, 252.
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8IGELE LE HERAULT, U Blown dt*
OouUm'9, I., 20. SICILIES, TWO, eoeLxuU, II., 377. 8ICILIANA, Ke BALA. SICILY, anM, H., 90, 106, 124, 127, 184. 201. 202, 823, 824. ,, Symbol of, I., 219. SICKINGEN, ar,M, II., 28. SICKLBMORB, antu, I., 409. Sici'leg €U cftarpe«, I. , 409. SICULUS, DIODORUS, quoted, I., 18. SI DON, Prince of, arms, I., 128. SlEBBXBttROEN, arm*, IL, 119. BIEBMACHER, WapptnbMh, L. 72, 73,
88, 100, 101, 102, 105, 124, 170, 176, 178, 193, 202, 802, 812, 315, 355, 389 ; II., 28, 49, 97, 205, 208, 229, 248, 399. ,, Works of, II., 8.
8IERADZ, duchj, ariM, II., 84. SIGIXOLFI, tirniM, I., 102. BIGISMUND, Emijeror, I., 2^3, 266; *eal, 2«>4; II., 157. King of HUNGARY and BOIIEMIA, mil, L, 204. „ King of POLAND, II., 160.
8IGNI, arm», I., 2dS. SILESIA, Duchy, ar»iji, I., 207; II., 115,
122, 835, 336. 8ILPWERHJELM, II., 412. Silktcoruu eu eharfft», I., 293. SUiy,r, I., r.O. Silver coata, plain, I., 7.1. SIMIANE, iinM, L, PI. IX., flg. 10, p. lOti. „ GUI RAND DE, wo/, I., 49. ,, Marquises de, <irm*, I., 122.
„ inpjtortei'n, II., 282.
SIMON, I'ArmorUU Uttiirnl de I'Eoipire
Fittncau, I., 271, 296 ; II., 208. SINCLAIR, a7iM, I., 885; IL, 11.
CHARLES, Count, «n»i*, IL,
137. Cioii4 of, L, 885. Eiirl of CAITHNESS, arms,
ir., PI. IX., fig. 5, p. 136. Earl of ROSSLYN, arms, I.,
152. HENRY. Earl of ORKNEY, «m/, I., :\%5. „ I-K)rd, I., :i85. Lord, annt, IL, 186, 137. Lords, ariM, II. , PI. IX., flg.
6, p. 130. motto, 1 1., 887. Mr ALEXANDER, IL, 57. of Herdmanston, atuut, 1 1.,
11.
P A T R I C K, of Ulbster, bordnre, IL, 31. Sinister, I., 444.
,, base point, I., 05. „ ckit^f point, I., 65. ,, Umih point, I., 05.
harul, L, PI. XXII I., fig. 7, p. 200. Sinople, L, 444, 485. ,, de, I., tJO. „ plein, L, 74. 8IRADIA, arms, IL, 84; PI. IV., flg. 1,
p. 74. Siren, L, 444.
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Sirkne, I., 4S5.
„ a* a eharffe, I., 315. SISMONDI, quoted, IL, 404. SISSINKS, arvu, 1., 319. SIX, JEAN, artM, IL, 72. SIXTUS IV., Pope, armt, I., 336. S}6blads, I., 3.S9.
SKANE, ProTinoe, w-^m, I., 303. Sk'oUs as charges, I., 408. SKEAT, quoted, I., 1. Sl-eleton as a eftarge^ I., 216. SLene, L, 414.
SKENE, Celtic Scotland, I., 338. SKRBENSKY DE IIRZISTIE, BaroiM,
arms, I., 131.
216.
Sl'ufl (U a charge, I. Slasltfd, I., 444. SLA WAT A, Counts of, antu, I., 103. SUeres cts charges, I., 392. SLEICH, arms, L, 175. SLESWIG, artns, IL, 207, 237, 339, S4a Sling as a charge, I., 381. Slippetl, L, 4-14. Slipprr* cu charges, I., 408. SMITH, General, oest, II., 244. „ -GORDON, crest, 11. , 244. „ Sir SIDNEY, aj**M*, IL, 154. Snails as charges, L, 293. Snale entwined, L, PL XXX., fig. 3, p.
.804. SNEEUW, ar,M, L, 329. SNEEVOET, arms, I., 220. SOBIESKI, ai-ms, I., 308. Sac de Chan'ue, I., 486. SODERINI, arms, IL, 163. SODERMANIA, Dukes of, coronets, IL.
264. „ Province, arms. L,
.301. SOISSONS, CONON, Count of, eimu, I., 220 ; setd, 49, 50. MAIKE DE, ISth oentuij, shield, L, PI. IL, fig. 1, p. 50. Sol, L, 72.
SOLACES, arms, 1., 321. SOLD AN IE RI, arms, L, 80. SOLDATI, arms, L, 304. SOLDONIERI, ar»w, L, 80. Soleil, L, 485.
,, Ombre de, L, 485. SOLEIL, DU, arms, IL, 143. SOLIONAC, ai-ms, I., 128. SOLMS, CounU of, (trios, L, 342 ; II., It, 112. „ Princes of, arms, I., 227. 80MBEKE, anns, L, 150. SOMELDYCK, PHILIPPE, Seigneur de,
anna, 1 1., 200. SOMERLED, I., 384. SOMERS, COCKS, Earls, arms, I., 246. SOMERSET, tMuige, IL, 815, 401.
„ CHARLES, Earl of WOR-
CESTER, arms, I., 179. Duke of BEAUFORT, arms, IL, 179. „ supporter, L, 312. Dukee of, arms, L, 151. HENRY BEAUFORT, Duke of, 11. , 179. „ PITZROY, Duke of, arms, IL, isa JOHN BEAUFORT, Duke of, baitge, IL, 22L Earl of, IL,94.
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SOMERSET, JOHN, Marqueaa of, arms, II., 178.
„ SEYMOUR, Duke of, crett,
I., 813.
,, ,, Dukes of, an»t«,
I. 272. SOMBRYILL, arm*, I., ISS. SOMERVILLE, Lord, gupportern, I., 203. 80MBRY, arm$, I., 141. SouthU, r., 480. SOMMERAU-BECK, Barons von, antu,
II., 205. SON, VAN, armf, I., 821, 822. S0NDER8HAUSEN, anii«, II., 118. SONNBERG, Counts de, annit, I., 321. SONNEBERO, Counts Yon, anuM, L, 821. SONNENBERG, County, ai-ni*, H., 121. ,, ttrnu, I., PI. XXXI.,
fig. 1, p. 822. 80NNEWALDE, amm, II., 112. SOPHIA, Princess, label, fig. 10, II., 21,
22. SORa] Dukes of, avaiM, I., 307. SORIA, GUILLAUME, Duke DE, ar^ns,
II., 59. SOTO, aruiB, I., 870. SOUUISE, DB ROHAN, Princes de, arm»,
I., 19d. SOUDAN DE LA TRAU, LB, crest, II.,
239. 80UEFF, ann*, I., 298. SOUMERET, DESSENAU, arm$, I.,
1V>6. 80 USA, ann», II., 208. Soutenv, I., 486.
SOUTHAMPTON, CHARLES, Duke of,
ai~m*, II., 182. „ FITZWILLIAM, Eavrl
of, annn, I., 109. S0UTHE8K, CARNEGIE, Earl of, amis,
I.,2t;9; cre^t, 829. SoutUnm, II., 271. Sovereign's /(£/»(«/, II., 230. 8PADA, ttn/M, I., 8(i3, 364. SPAIN, Admirals of, arm-*, II., 26;<. ,, anuji, II., 342.
auffMcntations in, IT., 168. coro/ut of Dukes in, li., 2<>5. coi'onet of Viscounts in, II., 207. crests in, II., 235.
II II II
,, croint, II., 2o7.
,, FERDINAND of, seal, L, 64.
II II II
II
Grandees of, coronet, II., 2(>5. Introduction of aruis into, I., TiS. ISABELLA, Infanta of, s€al, II., 98. ,, of, MUjiporter, II.,
278.
,, Kings of, ariiis, II., 111. „ Marks of Illegitimacy in, II.,
201. ,, mnrshallinffia, M.fliQ. „ PHILIP, Prince of, arms, II.,
324. ,, Jtoyal Stanidartl, II., 315. ,, supporters in, II., 282, 2S5. Spalding Club, I., 26, 53.
,, „ New, II., 53.
SPALDING, arms, L, 171, 862. SPANISH, cocLatle, II., 876. Spanceletl, I., 444.
SPANHEIM, Counts of, aj-ww, IL, 18. SPANOFSKY DB LISSAU, arms, I., 181. SPAR, ai»w, I., 385; II., 187.
SPARK, onus, L, 140; PI. XIII., fig. 2,
p. 140. SPARNECK, VON, an«ji, I., 108. 8PARRE, arms, L, 147 ; IL, 412.
„ Barons de GRONBNBURG, anus, I., 147. Spear, L, PI. XXXIV., fig. 2, p. 864.
,, -heads as cliarge*, I., 364. Spears as charges, I., 864. SPBKB, arms, I., 291.
,, Grant of Auffmentation to Ana$ of, IL, 897. JOHN HANNBN, IL, 897. „ WILLIAM, II,, 897. 8PELMAN, HENRY, Aspilogin, L, 18,
19, 228. „ „ on Esquires,
I., 14. SPENCE, anns, I., 04. SPENCER, Earl, arms, IL, 50.
„ HENRY, arms, II. , 50.
SPENER, Opu^Heraldicum, L, 1, 258, 273, 339; IL, 12, 18, 28, 24, 28, 29, 48, 58, 62, 84, 01, 118, 124, llV, 180, 159, 175, 177, 195, 204, 235, 290, 899. „ Works of, IL, 8. Siihinj:, I., 486. Sphynx, L, 444.
,, as a charge, L, .809. Spiders cu charges, I., 294. SPIEGEL, arm*, I., 407.
,, Barons, anus, I., 1.H7.
ZUM DESENBERG, Counts, amis, I., 407. SPIEGELBERG, CounU of, IL, 106. SPINOLA, arijw, I., 186. SPITZENBERG, Counts von, arms, L,
102. Splendour, J',\, L, 321, 444. SPOLETO, Dukes of, arm*, I., 180. SPOLVERINI, Marquises, ami*, I., 142. Spotted, L, 444. Sprats as charges, I., 281. SPRINGIIOSE, o/i,ty, I., 149. Spritiginu, L, 245,444. SPROTTIE, arms, L, 285. SQUARCIAFICHI, L, PL XXL, fig. 6, p.
IKS SQUIRE, arms, L, 252. S'juirrel as a charge, 1., 252. ST. ALBANS, CHARLES BEAUCLERC, Duke of, arm*, IL, 182, „ ,, JERMYN, Earls of, arm*,
L, 325. ,, AM AND, arm*, I., 138.
„ TRISTAN DE, Tiaiti du
Lis, L, 296.
AMOUR, LA BAUME, Counts de, arm*, I., 140. ANDREW, arm*, I., 207.
ttanner of, II. , 808. cross of, L, 153 ; IL, 808, 815, 885. „ ,, ORDER of, II., 838, 867.
„ ANDREWS, ALEXANDER STUAKT, Archbishop of, supporters, L, 811; 11., 281. „ ANDREWS ci-oss, L, PI., XVI., fig.
7, p. 154 ; IL, 847. „ „ JAMES STUART, Arch-
bishop of, seal, I., 811. ,, ,, JOHN, Archbishop of,
arms, IL, 193.
II
II II II
II II
( Sio )
8T ANTHONY, ORDER of, annt, I., 170. ,, Anthoni/'s Fii'€, I., 3S4. „ ASAPH, S«€ of, 1., or,iu, 387; PI.
xxxvir., fig. a, p. 894.
„ AUBERT, GERARD DE, itenl, I., 50. „ AURIN, MONTMORENCY-LAVAL,
aniu>, II.. r>2. „ BENTO DAVIZ, ORDER OF, II.,
371. „ BERNARD, quoted, I., 300. „ CURYSOSTOM, U., 403. „ COLUMBA, relica of, II., 309. ,, CRICQ, Conitea de, arou, I., 8S7. ,, CUTHBKRT,crowof, I., 1G3 ; 6ann«r,
II., \m.
„ DENIS, II., 810.
„ ,, banner, II., 310.
,, ,, heail (lA a fhorff€, I., 21B.
„ DENOUAL, Vicomtes de, I., 100.
„ niDIER, arm*, I., lOfl.
„ EDMUND, arm*, I., 390; II., 148;
banner of, 308. „ EDWARD, Feaat of, II., 217. „ EMMERAN, liatiHbon, Church of, I.,
4.0. ,, ESPANI, L'Art de composer leg tiv-
rev*, II., 374. „ ETHELDREDA, arnu, I., 395. „ ETIENNE, CAEN, ABBEY, araxM,
II., S3. „ GALL, ABBEY, «na«, I., 242; PI.
XXVI., fig. 4, p. 240. ,, GELAIS, Marquisea of, arrn*, I., lt>2. „ GEORGE, a^-^n*, I., '.'OT ; PI. XV., tig. 1, p. 152: II., 2i>l. ,, bannerol, 11. , :>08. CHAPEL of, I., 145. CroM of, I., 151, 153 ; IL, 20, 21, 22, 23, 305, .308, 335. ,, Marqnis de VERAC, tfup* porter*, I., 819. „ „ Sir HENRY, arm*, IL, 167. „ GEORGES, arm*, I., 152.
„ Roll, L, 321, 892; IL, 9, 26,
37, 43, 44, 72, 103. „ *a' POISIEU. „ GERMANS, Earl of, arm*, L, 139. ,, (file*, Cartulary of, IL, IM, „ GILLES, arm*, I., 170; PL XV., fig. 10, p. 152. RAYMOND, DE, Hal, L,
)i
M
fl
48.
„ HELENA, IL, 253. ,, nil. AIRE, aiHW, L, 215. „ JOHN, IL, 278; bmhje, 400, 40L ,, AynM, II. , 18. „ ban tier, II. , 30<5. „ in the German Empire, Order
of, IL, 365. „ Knight of Order of, L, PL XL, fig. 4, p. 128. OF JERUSALEM, Ar,a* of Grand Masters and Knights of the Order of, IL, 147. Badge ami Ribltf>u ami Star of the Ortlerof, IL, 362. „ ORDER OF, anti*, I., 128. 129; II. , 1137, 292, 301,363. ,, Sir EYMIS DE, an/w, IL, 44, ,. ROGER DE, arm*, II. , 44. THE BAPTIST, head a» a charge, L, 213. „ JULIAN, Orou of, L, 155, 178.
i» ti
>•
II
>> • > II
>i
11
»»
■ n
ST. JULIAN'S, €ro**, I., PL, XVL, fig.
10, p. 164. „ KBNTIGERN, Bell of, I., .33S. „ LAWRENCE. Earl of UOWTH.amu,
L, 815 „ LEGER, badffe, IL, 400. „ „. Sir THOMAS, IL, 150.
„ LEONARD, «tf COR NUT. „ LEU, MONTMORENCY, «i-bm, IL.
62. „ LIZ, SIMON DE, Earl of NOR.
THAMF^N, f#jfy, L, 50. „ AoHW, La Vie de, II. , 405. „ LOUIS, King of FRANCE, II., 161.
„ ORDER OF, I L, 292. „ MARK, Lion of, I., 232 ; IL, ISS. „ MARTIN, arnur, L, 75. ,, ,, CM a charge, I., 207.
„ Martin, Chape de, II., 309, 310. „ MARTIN D' AG LIE, uiotto, II. , 386. „ MARTIN'S cloak, I., 70, 309. „ MATTHIAS, L, 403. „ MAUR, Dues de, MONTAUSIER,
arm*, I., 134. „ MAURICE, tee FOI, I., 218. „ MICHAEL and ST. GEORGE, Ba^iye of the Order of, IL. 354. arm*, I., 207. a* a chart ft, L, 208. CoWtr 0/ the Order of.IL,
354. Mantle of the Onlrr of, IL,
855. ORDER OF, H., 199,
153. Aibl.on of the Order of, IL, 855.
„ „ Star of Order of, II., 355.
„ MICHEL *tt MAYNARD. „ MUNGO, I., 285, 333. „ OMER, arm*, L, 134 ; PL XII.. fig. I,
p. 134. „ PATRICK, Badge of the Order of, IL. 348. , . Collar of the Order of, 1 1. ,
348. Cro**qf, I., 153, 154; IL, 308, 348. , , Oflicer* of the OnUr of, 11. ,
'i49. ORDER OF, L, 153; IL, 348. , , Kih^/om of the Order of, 1 1. ,
348. ,, Star of the Order of, IL,
848.
„ PAUL, ann*, I., 227. „ ,, Emblem of, I., 363. „ „ LOUIS, Comte de, ru-nu, IL,
16. „ PIERRE DE LUXEMBURG, Count
de, arm*, IL, 16. „ PERN. Marquis de, «nj«, I., 198. „ PETER, banner, IL, 806. „ „ Cro** of, L, 160.
„ PHILIBERT, arm*, L, 104. „ POL, arm*, II. , 86. „ „ CH ATI LLON, Comte de,an«#,
1 1. 322. „ „ ENG U ERR AN, Count de,»eai,
L, 52. „ PONANGE, COLBERT, Maiqnla de, annz, L, 289.
)i II It
»i
II
II
I)
II
II
II
II
II
I
>» II
!»
It
TI
ST. PONCY, MOLBN, Marquis de, ctnjw,
1., ia5.
„ QUINTIN, BIGOT, Count de, ornw,
r., 297. „■ UEMI, DK VALOIS, HENRI, aniw,
II., 194. „ IlEMY, JEAN DE, quoted, II., 174,
175. „ SIMON, Diiode, Mimoirta, II., 407, ,, ,, DncH de, anux, II., 128.
„ STEFANO, OHUER OF, anns, I.,
12S. „ STEPHEN, AiiM of KnighU of iht
Order of, II., 147. ,, ,, Crotnx oj\ fig. 19-21, II.,
260. „ THIERRY, WILLIAM, Abbot of, I.,
300. „ VALLIER, arm*, IL, 82. „ VINCENT, »€€ UARRUEL. „ VLADIMIR, rrown of, IL, 262. „ VRAIN, ISABEL DE, «a/, I., 2W. ,, WENCESLAS, crotrn of, II. , 2.')9. „ WILFRED, banner, IL, 306. STADNICKI, Counts of, arwu, I., 182. 8TAEL DE liOLSTEIN, Barons, arm»,
II. , Vih ; PI. VIL, fig. 4, p. i»6. Stag at fnize, L, PL XXVL, fig. 8, p. 240. „ todffed, I., PI. XXVL, fig. 10, p. 240. ,, »Sf=a-, an n char<jt, L, 314, „ tripjuuH, I., PI. XXVL, fig. 7, p. 240. Stngt ftjf chnrg<ii, L, 244. ,, rourimt, I., PJ. XXVL, fig. 9, p. 240. Stag' It head n» a charge, I., 24.5. „ „ cahoMhtd, I., PI. XXVL, fig. 11,
p. 240. „ Horm, L, PL XXVL, fig. 12, p. 240. ,, ,, an charges, L, 246.
Stntf, L, 444.
STAFFORD, arm.*, L, PL XIV., fig. 1, p. 146; b*ulfff, 1 1., 401. Duke of BUCKINGHAM, arms, L, 146. „ EDMOND, Bishop of
EXETER, an»M, IL, 53. „ Luiot, IL, 212.
8TAFILE0, arms, IL, 161. STAHLIN VON STORKSBURG, ar»M,
L, 272. STAIN, Baron, an.w, I., 140. „ VON, nnns, L, :{98. STAINVILLE, onus, IL, 36.
ETIENNB FRANCOIS, Comte de, arms, II. , 36. Stair, I., PL XXXV., fig. 10, p. 376.
,, as a charge, L, :JSI. ST ALIUS, motto, IL, 385. STALTON, anns, I., 271. STAMFORD, Earls of , irv/>po)'e«'«, L,312. GREY, Earl of, arnu, L, 102. Stajuiard, 1 1., 444.
„ Battle of the, U.,S06.
Statulard*, IL, 299, 304. 8TANGA, Counta of CASTELNUOVO,
arms, L, 101. StnnfTue, I., 486.
STANHOPE, aniw, L, PL V., fig. 9, p. 88. ,, Earl, arms, IL, 55.
Earl of CHESTERFIELD, arms, I., 92.
STANLEY, ai-ms, L, 246; IL, 188; bmige, 400 ; motto, 384. „ Lord, IL, 223.
Sir JOHN, anjwi, IL, 181. STANSFELD, arms, L, 247. STANSFIELD, arms, L, 247. Staple, L, 444. 8TAPLET0N, nrms, L, 142, 226, 281;
baitge, IL, 401. Star, I., 444.
,, as a charge, L, S25. STARCKENBERG, Barons von. aruu, L,
100. STARCKENS, arms, L, 208. STARGARD, County of, arm*, I., 90 ; 11. . 331. ,, I>ordiihip, anns, 1 1., 116.
STARHEMBERG, Princes of, antis, L,
289. Stars, I., PL XXXL, fig. 5, p. 322. StarcKit, L, 444. Statant, I., 230, 444.
,, -gardanl, I., 231. STAUFFENECK, anus, I., 98; PL VIL,
fig. 4, II. 98. 8TAUFFER, arms, L, 98; PL VI., fig. 9,
p. 94. STAUNTON, Sir WILLIAM DE, tmnh
and ar»u, L, 45. Staces as charges, L, 396. 8TAYLT0N, arms, L, 271. STEAD, arms, L, 311. STEEN, Counto von, anns, L, 409. 8TEENHUY8E, see HANE. STEENUUYSEN, Prince de, arnu, I.,
336. STEIN, Baron, antis, L, 140.
„ DE BRAUNSDORF, Barons, anus, I., 234. ZU LEIBENSTEIN, Barons,
arms, I., 142. STEIN KURT, Counts von, ainns, L
274. STEIN MAN, lambrojuin, IL, 248. STEINMITZ, motto, IL, 3S5. STELLA, aj-ms, L, 238.
„ CARACCIOLI, Prinoea of,
arms, I., 238. St'-llion, L, 444. 8TEMPFBR, arms, I., 245. STEPHEN NEMANJA, Czar of SEE VIA and BOSNIA, arms, I., 262. King of ENGLAND arms,
IL, 318. STEPS, arms, I., 391. STERLING, WILLIAM, suiyporUrs, IL,
279. STERNBERG, Counts of, aniw, IL, 12,
IS. STERNEMANN, supporter, IL, 286. STERNENBERG, CounU von, araiM, L,
.S25. STETIBNBERG, Baron, arms, IL,
SiW. STETTIN, Duchy, «i->/«r, L, 801; IL,
3.30. STEWARD, ALEXANDER, fourth High,
STEWART (»ee STUART), ALAN, seal, I. 50. „ ALEXANDER, Earl of MAR,
anus, 1 1., 190. ,, arms, I., 135; IL, 6, 11, 78,
276 ; PL XIL, fig. 5, p. 181.
( 512 )
II
>l
II
fl
II
M II 11 II II II II II II
II
II II
STEWART (or STUART), Earlof AXQU3,
aruiSf II., 69. Earl of ATHOLE, ar»u, II.,
56. Earlof BUCHAN.arwM, H.,
Earl of CASTLE STUART,
arm*, II., 198. Earl of LENNOX, bordui-e,
11., SO. JAMBS, Earl of MORAY,
aruw, II., 191. JOHN, Loni of LORN, wet/,
II., 57. MARGARET, Connteas of ANGUS, ai-nu, II., 19; teal, 276. vwtto, II., 387.
MURDOCH, irreath, II., 248. of Ayondale, boniure, II., 30. ,, Bonkill, <irms, II., 69. „ Bonkyl, II., 57. ,, Laithers, II., 39. „ Lorn, arum, II., 56, 57. ,, Ochiltree, bortlurt, II., .80. ROBERT, Duke of ALBANY, ta-eath, II., 248. „ Earl of FIFE, stal, II., 55. Sir JOHN, IL, 73; an/w, 37. THOMAS, Archdeacon of St. Andrews, armn, 1 1., 190. „ WALTER, arms, II., SO.
„ ,, Earl of ATHOLE
and CAITHNESS, «r»w, II., 1H9; bad(fit, 226. 8TEYERMARCK, OTTACAR VON, I.,
258. STIERNA, IL, 412. 8TIRIA, Mf. STYRIA. STIRLING, ALEXANDER, Earl of, arniJi, I., 118, 119. ,, ann*, I., S93.
StirliHfft 0/ Kfir, TJu, I., 893. Stin^p, I., PI. XXXV., fig. 2, p. 87»'. Stirrup* an ehargt*, I., 374. STIXEN, arm*, I., 272. Stock; 1., 444.
STOCK A U, CounU of, arm*. I., 90. StockJl*h, I., n. XXIX., fig. 11, p. 278.
,, <u a charge, I., 285. STOCKTON, arnu*, L, 336. STODART, crett, II., 242.
quot«1, I., 228; II., 192. Scott i*h Arnu, I., 15, 94, 158, 183, 189, 190, 270, 283, 297, 317, 869, 893, 394, 397 ; 11., 8, 28, 39, 106, 290, 402. Scottish Heraldry, II., 156. ,, 8i/*tem of Dijferencing by
bordv.re, II., 32. STOFFELLA, arm*, I., 327. STOKE LYNE, Lord of Manor of, sup- porter, II., 278. STOLBERG, Counts ZU, arm*, I., 108.
w« EFFEREN, Stoned, I., 444. Stones, Precious, representing tincture*,
I., 72. STORCK VON PLANCKENBERG, ann/»,
I. 83. Stovl'Jl., PI. XXVIII., fig. 11, p. 256.
„ at a charge, I., 274. STORKSBURG, *ee STAHLIN.
II II
It
II II
II
II
II
II
STORM ARN, Lordabip of, atnw, I., 374 ;
IL, 136, 207, 327, 339, 340. STORP, motto, IL, S88. STOURTON, arm*, I., PL XXIL, fig. .% p. 190. artM and seals, I., 204. Lord, supporter, I,, 815; crest, II. , 236. 8TRACHAN, arms, I., PI. XXVI., fig. 7, p. 240. „ of Glenkindy, wm*. I., 24>.
STRANGE, HUGH LE. ar,u*, IL, 26.
LE, arm*, I., PL XXIV., fig.
5, p. 224. ROBERT LB, arm*, IL, 44. „ ROGER LE, arms, II., 26.
STRANSHAM, arm*, I., 131. STRATHERN, DAVID, Earl of, seal, II., 73. Earls of, arm*, L, 149 ; IL,
73. MURIEL, Connten of.
seat, II., 274. PATRICK GRAHAM. Earl of, antts, 1 1., 41. STRATHMORE, Earls of, arms, L, 365. „ LYON, Earls of, otm*,
L, 189, 228; crest, 1 1., 236. STRAUSS, aniu, L, 276. StraKberries at charges, I. , 369. Stinttberry-Uaves, I., 444. 8TRAYNSHAM, arm*, I., ISI. STRELITZ, see MECKLENBURG. Stringetl, I,, 445. STRODE, anns, I., 250. STROZZl, arms, I., 323.
„ Commendatore de, 11. , 40S.
,, roi»6o/ ANTONIO, I.. 294.
STRUENSEE, Connto, arm*, I.. 386. STRYVELIN, Sir JOHN DE, ori»w, I., 393. STRZEMIE, anus, I., 374. STUART {see STEWART), ALEXAN- DER, Archbishop of ST. ANDREWS, svpitorters, I.. 311 ; IL, 281. orMM, I., 135, 140; H., 141.
191 ; bmfge*, 224. CHARLES, Duke of ALBANY. IL, 19.
STUART, Duke of, artM, II. , 19.
Dr JOHN, Scnlpturtd Stones oj
Scotland, I., 26. JOHN, Registi-um de Panmure,
L, 181. Earl of LENNOX, anns, IL,
141 ; PI. IX., fig. 1, p. isf.. Exhibition, I., 363. FRANCIS, Earl of BOTH
WELL, arms, IL, 191. HENRY, Lord METUVEN
anus, IL, 189. House of, ai-ms, IL, PI. XXV.,
fig. 5, p. 320. JAMES, Archbishop of ST. ANDREWS, se*d, L, 311. Duke of ROSS, sea/, L, 311 ; suppcrtcii, 1 1., 2S0. Dtike of YORK,
arm*, IL, 20. SiredAUBIGNY, IL. 141.
( 513 )
STUART, JOHN, Lord of LORN, Ma^ II., 67. „ livety, II., 37S.
„ Lord DARNLEY, amu, I!.,
141. „ Lord METHVEN, amu, II.. PI.
IX., fig. 2, p. 136. „ MARGARET, Ck>anteM of ANGUS and MAR, moZ, II., 68. ,. MARY, Queen of SCOTLAND,
erovn, II., 258. „ of Avandalt), ann*, II., SO, 191. ,, ,, Doune, amis, II., 191.
,, ,, Ochiltree, arum, I!., 191.
„ Prince HENRY, badffe, II.,
222. „ Queen MARY, devict, I., 813. „ ROBERT, Comniendator of Holyrood, arum, II., 191. WILLIAM. Duke of GLOU- GE8TER, arms, II.. 20, 21. STUM PP, arm*, I., 252. STURB, AMUND, tomh, I., 339. ,, amis, L, 339. „ BRIGITA, L, 339. STUTEVILLB, anus, I., 104. 8TYRIA, ALBERT, Dnke of, stal, II., 70. „ arms, I., 258 ; II., 70, 121, 279, 800, 801, .S35. SUABIA, arms, II., 89, 143. Siib-ordinariiM, I., Ul, 174. SUB8TANTI0N, RAYMOND II., Comte
de, an»4, I., 128. SUDELEY, BOTELER, Lord, arms, I.,
164. SUEUR, LE, motto, II., 887. SUE VI, tribe, I., 2. Su^fflue, I., 44.^ Sujfftues, I., 402. SUFFOLK, badfje, II., 401.
„ GREY, Duke of, arms, II.,
« 49.
„ POLE, Dnke of, arms, I.,
238 SUIROT, amis, I., 95 ; PI. XVIII., flg. 8,
p. 158. SULBY, Sir JOHN, amis, I., 139. SULLIVAN, eresl, II., 243. SULLY, BETHUNE, Due de, arms, I., 134 ; tambret/uin, II., 247. „ Sir JOHN, rtrwiir, I., 139.
SULMONB, PHILIP, Prince of, arms,
IL, 61. SUMIN-SUMINSKI, Counts, arms, I.,
380. Svn, 1., PI. XXXI., flg. 1, p. 822.
„ a* a chargt, I., 321. Sttnffwffr (M a charge, I., 856. SUNNBN, ZUR, arms, L, 149. Supporters, II., 271.
„ Chintz, II., 298.
„ double, 1 1., 278.
,, ItmHiM€U€ objteti as, TI.,
290. ,, triple, II., 281.
Supports, L, 486; II., 271. 8ur le tout du tont, I., 486. Surcharge, I., 486. Surcoat, I., 445. SURGilRES, arms, I., 106. Surmonti, I., 486. Surmounteit, I., 445.
VOI^ II.
•I
SURREY, BEATRICE, Conntfln of, seal, II., 95. HOLLAND, Duke of, arms, L» 229 * II. 148. „ THOM'aS, 'Dnke of, arms, II..
93. „ WARREN, Earl of, arms, I..
109. SURTBES, artns, I., 177. Surtout, or Sur le tout, I. , 445, 486. SUSENBERG, Connta of, ai^ns, I., 228. SUSSEX, AUGUSTUS FREDERICK, Duke of, label, II., 21. „ badge, II., 401.
WILLIAM D'ALBINI, Earl of, effigy, I., 51. Sustaineil, I., 445. SUTHERLAND, arms, I., 826.
„ Duke of, arms, I., 166,
337. SUTTIB, arms, I., 898. SUITON, anns, I., PL XXIV., flg. 9, p. 224. „ Barons DUDLEY, arms, L,
231. ,. Lortl' LEXINGTON, arvis, L, 1 "A
SUWOROFF, Marshal. Prince ITALISKI,
amu, I., 329; II., 163. Sverige, AntiijuarisL Tidsti'ifl /or, I., 55 ;
IL, 110. SWABIA, Duchy of, arms, II., 842. Swallows as charges, I., 278. Siean as a charge, I., 274.
„ jjorts of, as charges, I., 274. Straus, I., Pi. XXVIII., flg. 10, p. 256. SWANDEG, at-TTU, II., 29. SWANNE, ADAM FITZ, badge, IL, 210. SWART, ariM, I., 147. SWEDEN, arms, I., PI. XXXVII., fig. 4, p. 394; II., 134, 107, 264, 316, 327, 842; PI. XIX., flg. 2, p. 192. Augmentations in, II., 167. cocktule, 1 1., 376. Coronet of Barons in, II., 267. croKn, 1 1., 257. Duke JOHN of, I., 332.
„ MAGNUS of, 1,317. House of, anns, II., 58. Introduction of arms into, I.,
65. Kingdom, arms, I., 395. Kings of, ar?/i.«, II., 110. mantling in, II., 251. Marks of Illegitimacy in, IL,
207. Orders of, II,, 368. Princes of, crown, II., 264. „ Roj/al Standard, II., 316.
Swedish Coat,*Early, flg. 79, I., 852. SWEERS, monument, II., 268. 8WEERTS, supporters, I., 820. SWBETINN, amu, I., 898. Svepe, I., 381, 445.
SWIETEN, Barons von, arms, I., 898. 8WILLINGT0N, amu, I., 802. SWINFORD, KATHARINE, II., 178. SWINNERTON, oi-mw, L, 167. SWISS CANTONS, supporUrs, II., 286. SWITZERLAND, arms, I., 102 ; II.. 842. Smvel, 1 1., 445.
SH;<mi, I., PI., XXXIV., flg. 1, p. 364. ,, as a charge, L, 862.
2 L
>f II II
II II II II
II II II II
II II
{ 5u ;
SKord of St. Paul a» a charge, I. , 887. SWYNBURNE, JOHN, amui, II., 184. 8WYNEH0WK, on>M, I., 240. 8WYNETHWAYTB, arm*, I., 240. SWYNFORD, KATHARINE, H., 26. SYDNEY, anng, L, PL XXXIV., fig. 7, p. 864.
„ badge, II., 401.
„ Earl of LEICESTER, arm*, I.,
367. Spkes, I., 204, 445. 8YKES, aj-wM, I., 204. SYLVESTER II., Poyw, IL, 200. SYMONUS, ari»4«, I., 75. Svren at a charge, I., 315. S'ZCEPANOWSKI, an/w, I., 302. 8Z0LDRSKI, Connto, amu, L, 386.
Tabard, I., 445 ; fig. 32, IL, 392.
TAB0UR0T8, orwui, I., 399.
Tacfiete, L, 48fi.
TACITUS, Gtnnania, L, 2, S, 6, 25.
Tailpola as ehnrgti, I., 292.
TAETS D'AMERONQEN, Barons, amu,
L, 134. To/, L, 486. TAFFIN, rtJT/i«, L, 159; PI. XVII., fig.
10, p. 156 ; moUo, II. , 380. TAGLIAVIA, arms, L, 334. Tailtd, L, 446. TailU, L, 486. TAIT, JACOB, I., 15. „ of Pirn, L, 15. TALAIRU, Marqniii d«, arm4, I., 356. Talbot, L, 445; PI. XXVIL, fig. 9, p.
260. TALBOT, aj-nw, I., 228, 258.
„ Earl of SHREWSBURY, arms,
I., 184.
„ ELIZABETH, widow of Sir
GILBERT, IL, 180. TALE, amis, I., PI. XVIIL, fig. 7, p. 158. „ VON, amis, L, 93. TALLEYRAND - P^RIGORD, Prince,
anns, L, 236. TALMONT, CLAUDE. Prince de, L, 269. Prince de, IL, 128. Princes de, amis, IL, 127. „ TR^MOILLB, Princes de,
artns, I. , 269. TAMAR, Ring given to, L, 18. Taud}Oarint as a charoe, L, 399. TANCARVILLE, anus, IL, 281.
f, BAILLAGE DE, sup-
port fr, IL, 2S1. TANKERVILLE, BENNET, EarU of,
arms, I., 235. HENRY GRAY, Eari
of, IL, 179. TANNENVELS, ai-oM, I., 230. Tappe, L, PI. XXL, fig. 2, p. 188. TARANTSBERG see MOHR. TARDINI, amis, L, 129. TARDY, Comte de MONTRAVEL, arms,
I., 835. Tari, L, 486.
TA RENTE, Princes de, arms, IL, 127. „ TREMOILLE, Princes de,
arm*, I., 269. TARENTO, MACDONALD, Dnke of,
aiins, II. , 138. Target, I., 446. TARLET, arms, L, 274.
TARLO, arniM, I., 365. TARRAGONE, anus, I., 77. TARTARINl, a,-ms, I., J9«. TASSIS, ariHS, L, 251. TASSO, Ge:rusalemnu libereUa, I., 289.
„ quoted, I., 19. TASSONl, La Secefiia Rapita, IL 306. TATE, The Petligrees, and Eoi'ly HertUdry
of the Lords of Alnwick, II., 104. TATESHALL, ar%ns, IL, 33. Tau, L, 445, 486.
„ crou, L, 170; fig. 67, p. 173. TAURIDA, arm*, IL, 338. TAVANNBS, 8AULX, Due de, arwu. I.,
226. TAW AST, Barons, ar^iu, II., 168. Tatcny, Tenne, I., 445. TAXIS, Princes of, I , 261 ; avTou, 229,
396. TAYLARD, arm^, I., 235. TEBA, GUZMAN, Count of. arms, 1..
405. TECK, anns, L, 110; IL, PL XV., fig. 2, p. 168. „ Dnke of, arms, IL, 143. TECKLENBURG, Counto of, amu, I.,
339. Teeth as charges, I., 407.
,, as a charge, L, 216. TEIXEIRA, anns, L, 152. TELLEZ, arms, L, 370. TBLLIER, LB, Marquis de LOUVOIS,
anns, I., fi90. TEMPEST, anns, IL, 10. TEMPESTA, arms, L, 329. Temple Church, London, I., 47. TEMPLE, motto, IL, 380, S84. TEMPLBTOWN, UFfON, Viaoount, arms,
L, 169. Tenants, IL, 271, 486. TENCH, motto, IL, 384. Tenn^, L, 66, 72. TENNENT, arms I., 155. TfHny or orange, I., PL III,, fig. 8, p. C6. .
,, or teniU, L, 66. TENNYSON, anns, L, 238.
„ Ix)rd, anns, I., 289.
TENRE MONDE, anns, I., 81 ; PL IX.,
fig. 7, p. 106. TENTON, anns, L, 368. Tents as charges, I., 368. TERBRUGGBN, tutM, L, 887. Terrace, L, 329, 445. Terraue, I., 486.
,, -isolie, I., 486. TERREROS, an)ts, I., 224. TERRICIOLA, arms, II , 85. Tertre, L, 829, 486. TERWEILER, arms, I., 175. TESAURO, ai-ms, L, 158. TESCHEN, Duchy, arms, IL, 122. TESSE, see FERRI^RB. TESSON, anns, L. 124. TEST ART, a »•»»«, I., 75. TESTENOVIE, arms, L, 212. TESTl, Counts, arms, L, 212. TESTU, Marqiiisee de BALINCOURT,
anns, I., 234. TETNANG, arms, I., 889. TETTERSELL, Captain, amu, II. , 153. TETTONI E SALADINI, Teatro Areal-
dico, IL, 290. TEUBURG, anns, I., 156. TEUFEL, anns, L, 319.
( SIS )
l>
ft
TEUPFEL, VON, anns, I., 97. TEUTONIC ORDER, 11., 292; onw,
121. TEVIOT, LIVINGSTONE, Viscount,
anngf 1., 357. TEYES, ai-iOM, I., 140. TEYEYBS, ann$, 1., 140. TEZART, JACQUES, Baron de TOUR- NEBU, II., 405. ,, JACQUES, Soigneur des ESS ARTS, II., 405. THANET, Earl of,e»T«^ I., 315. Thebes, Siege of, I., 10. THEODELINDA, Queen, II., 253. THEODORE, King of CORSICA, 1., 371.
„ of HOLLAND, I., 41.
THEODORUS LASCARIS, coins, !., 201. THEODOSIUS THE GREAT, L, 346. THIBAULT IV., L, lUl. THIENNES, CounU de, antts, 1., 183. THIERRY, quoted, I., 20. THIMUS, ariJM, L, 39«J. Thirttenth Centmy RoU, I., 263; II., 37,
43. ThittU, L, PI. XXX in., flg. 8, p. 352. ,, as a charge, I., .'152. „ as abailgt, 11. , 224. THISTLE, Btulfft qf the Onltr oj the, 11., 847. „ Collar of the Oitler of the, II.,
347. Officers 0/ iht Order of the, IL,
348. ORDER OF THE, I., 853; II., 340, ,, RibOoyi of the Order of the, II.,
347. ,, Star of the Order of the, II., 347. THOLOSANI, artM, L, 318. THOMAS PALE0L0<1US, SUPHLA,
danghterof, I., 202. THOMEROT, DE, arms, I., 176; PJ.
XVIII., fig. 1, p. 15*^. THONEY, RAUF, nmu, L, 392. THORATSE, see ACHEY. THOROLD, ani«, I., 247; PI. XXVIL,
fig. 8, p. 250. THOU, DE, Comte de MESLAY, ar^iis, I.,
294. THOUARS, CLEMENT, Viconite de, sup- porters, II., 278. „ PETRONELLE, VicomteMe
de, manttintj, II., 279. „ TR^MOILLE, Dues de,
arms, I., 200. Thoye, I., 445. Thrushes as charges, I., 279. TUUN DE HOHBNSTEIN, Counto,
arms, I., 139. Thunderbolt, I., 445.
,, as a charge, I., 328.
THtRINGIA, PALATINATE, aniw, IT.,
832, 333, 834, 337. ,, crtst, II., 237.
THURM, Princes of, L, 251. THURN, Princes von, amis, I., 877, 896. Thurnier Onlnung, I., 42. THWBNG, MARMADUKE DB, arms, L,
276. THYNNB, FRANCIS, quoted, IL, 171. „ Marquess of BATH, a)*m«, I., 104. Tiara, I., 445.
TICHBORNB, arms, L, 128 ; PI. XL, fig.
1, p. 128. Turci, L, 90, 139, 48€. „ enjMxrle, L, 07. ,, „ TTtiiCersie, I., 97.
,, ,, feuilles, L, 480.
Titrctd, L, 00, 446.
„ in bend, L, PI. VI., fig. 6, p. 94. ,, infess, L, PL VL, fig. 4, p. 94. ,, in pairU, 1., PI. VL, fig. 6, p. 94. „ in pale, I., 132. „ „ reversed, L, PI. VI. , flg.
7, p. 94. „ per fess, L, 189. Ticixes, 1., 487. Tig^, I., 487. Tigo', L, PI. XXV., fig. 10, p. 234.
,, as a charge, L, 237. TIGNIVILLE, arms, L, 196. Tigrt-hiraldv{ue, I., 487. TILLY, Marqnis de BLARU, ai^u, L,
349. Til ting-spear, L, 446. Timbre, L, 446, 487. Tincture, I., 440.
„ d\jff'tr<:Hre by change of, IL, 9, Tinctures, L, 60.
„ Origin of names of, I., 36.
,, represented by preciouji stones,
L, 72. „ „ planeU, L, 72.
TIPTOT, arms, I., 152. Tire, L, 487.
Tirrtt or Tutret, II. , 446. Tirlare, L, 440. TIROL, am«, II. , 90.
,, County of, anns, L, 267. TITUS, Arch of, L, 804. Tlascalan Chieftains, arms, L, 24. To<uis as charges, L, 288, 202. Tobacco plant as a charge, L, 356. TOD VON LEVENTHAL, crest, L, 216. TOFTE, anus, L, 410. TOGGENBURG, Counts of, arms, I.,
253. TOGORES, aruis, I., 323. Toison, I., 487.
„ d'Or, L, 440. TOISON DOR, Chapel at Dijon of the
CHEVALIERS DE LA, L, 145. TORE, arms, L, 303. TOKUGAWA, CJan, iHuffh:, fig, 7, L, 28. TOLEDO, ALVAREZ DE, Duke of ALVA, arms, L, 109,. ,, Dukes of ALVA, supporters,
IL, 201. ,, Kingdom, arms, I., 396.
TOLLEMACHE, arms, I., 106, 192. TOLLENAER, arms, L, ^04. TOLNZ, VON, ai-ms, I., 110. TOLOMEO, IL, 404. TOLOCn, Sultan, badge, L, 38. TO .MAS I, at^M, I., 104. TOM LIN, anus, L, 204. TONGE'S, Visitation of the County of
Ihnham, L, 382; IL, 184. TONGUE, as a charge, I., 216. TONNA, arms, IL, 384. TONNELIER, LB, amu, L, 278. Topaz, L, 72, 446. TOPCLIFFE, anns, I., 404.
HENRY PERCY, Baron of, arms, IL, 108. TOPOR, arms, L, 865.
( 5i6 )
rop«, playinp, at ehargu^ I., 404. Tofjuttiy iDBtead of htlrntU and ccrontUf
II. 268. TORA,'on)M, I., 247. TORGV, COLb£RT, Marquis de, aniu,
I 289 TORELL,'<wnM, I., PI. XXVII., fig. 1, p.
250. TORBLLES, ar)ii«, I., 378. TORLONIA, Dnkes of, arm», 1., 828. TORPHICHEN, 8ANDILAND8, Lorti,
an/i«, II., 155. Torqutd^ I., 446. TORRE-MAGGIORE, Dukes of, ama,
I., 318. TORRINGTON, Lord, tuppoWw*, II.,
298. Toru^ I., 446. TorUau, I., 201, 446. Torteatue, I., PI. XXI I., flg. 8, p. 196. TortU, If., 245, 487. TortilU, I,, 487. TortoUy, 1., 446. Tortoise as a chargt, T., 291. TovtoUtt a» charffta, I., 2S8. TORTOX, arms, L, 202. rMcrant, Le Anui dei Afuntctpv, I., 876;
II., 86. Toteniism, I., 21. Totem*, I., 22.
TOTLEBEN, motto, If., 880. TOUCUE, LA, anM, I., 20*2.
•ee VACHE. TOUCHET, Lonla AUDLEY, arm*, I., 147. ., MARIE, II., 194.
Touching, I., 446. Toulouse, Oi'ossof, I., 170. TOULOUSE, ALFON'ZO, Count of, seal, II., 90. aviiis, II., 75. Chapter, aiitis, II., 97. Conate of, anns, I., 45, 48, 170; stal, 61. „ RAYMOND II., Count of,
tal, I., 170. Tom,', L, 487.
TOUR D'AUVERGNE, HENRI DE LA,
Dae de BOUILLON, arms, U.,
80.
„ D'AUVERGNE, LA, a»-i»M, I., 376.
„ DB VINAV, LA, arms, L, 378;
PI. XXXVL, fig. 4, p. .380. „ DU PIN, LA, arou, 1., 283. ,, LA, amis, II., 81. „ Princes of, amis, T. , 229. TOURAINE, ARCHIBALD DOUGLAS,
Duke of,
II., 140.
,, „ Duke of,
supporter, II., 278.
TOURNAI, Comtes d'OISI, arvu, L, 235.
Tournament, Earliest in Germany, I.,
41. Tournaments, Influence of, on Armory, I., 40. „ Papal Bnlli and Ordon-
na>ice« against, I., 41. TOURNAY, arm*, L, 152. JoMni^, I., 446, 487.
TOURNEBU, JACQUES TEZART,
Baron de, II., 405. ,, PIERRE DE, suppwrttr,
II., 277
II 11
TovirteaU'besant, I., 204. Towritaux, I., 201, 487.
„ -besants, I., 487. TourttU, I., 487. TOURZEL, AL£:GRB, Marqaia d«, arms,
L, 122. Tower, L, PI. XXXV.. flg. 4, p. 876. „ (Hp/c-toiMm/, L, PI. XXXV., fig. 5, p. 376. TOWER AND SWORD, ORDER OF
TUB, IL, 371. Tovetred, 1., 446. Towers cm charges, I., 376. TOWERS, nrtHs, I., 376. TOWRE, DE LA, a^-ms, I., »76 : PI
XXXV., flg. 4, p. 376. Trabt, L, 487.
TR AFFORD, arm», I., 801. TRAINEL, DES URSINS, Marqniaee of,
amu, I., 130. Tiait, L, 487.
TRAJAN'S Column, I., SO, 304. Tra,\cM, I., 90, 487. Tranglts, 1., 487. TminHjceil, I., 446. I'l-aft^uent, I., 446. TraMpoMil, I., 446. TRANSYLVANIA, arms, IL, 119. TRAPPEQUIERS, amts, I., 308. TRAPPER, anns, 1., 369 ; PI. XXXIV.,
fig. 9, p. .S64. TRASEGMES, arms, I., 286. TRASTAMARA, Don PKDKO DK. arms,
IL, 202. OSORIO, Count de, arms, II., 190. TRAT, arm*, I., 252. TRAU, see SOUDAN. TRAUN, Counte of, anjw, I., 89: crest,
II. 237. TRAUTSON, Princes Ton, arms, L, 373. TRAUTTMANSDORF^-S, arms, I., 842. TRjL ANNA, arms, L, 195. Trfchiur, I., 487. TREDERN, arms, I., 177. Tree t^ranch as a charge, i., 336. „ dead, as a charge, I., 335. ,, stem as a chargt, I., 336. „ <rt<7il- as a charge, I., 336. Ti'tes as charges, I., 333. Tt'ini, I., 487; PI. XVIII., lig. 12, p. 158. „ Cross, I., 169. Tr^oil, I., PI. XXXIL, fig. 10, p. 336. „ and Oak leares, 1., PL XXXIL.
fig. 9, p. 336. ,, as a charge, I., 838. Tr^foiled, I., 446. TREGENT, anns, I., 297. TreilU, I., 446. TreUlis, I., 487. TrHUisu, I., 488. TRELAWNEY, ori»i«, I., 146. TRELLES, motto, II., 385. Trdlis, L, 446. TREMAYNE, anas, L, 219 ; PI. XXIIL,
flg. 10, p. 206. TREMENHEERE, anns, L, 880. TR^MOILLE, CHARLOTTE DB LA,
Countess of DERBY. L, 269. DUC8 DK LA, arms, L. 269 ; IL, 127. „ supporters, 1 1., 28S.
( S'7 )
TR^MOUILLE, Dues de la, amu, 1.,
2e9; II., 127. „ FRANCOIS D£ LA,
II.. 128. PIERRE DB LA, artMJ,
II., 47. TR£SE0LS, amu, I., 822. TRESILIAN, ornw, L, 27tJ; PI. XXVIII.,
fiff. 12 p. 256. TRE8ME8, POTIBR, Due de, arnu, I.,
SOd Trtuur't, I., 174, 186, 446 ; PI. XX., figs. 11 aud 12, p. 180.
„ 'Jlojy, I., 440.
,, ,, couaUr-dorjf, I., 446 ; PI.
XX., fig. 10, p. 180.
„ Power to grant the, I., 190.
„ Supposed origin of Scotch, I., 187.
„ The, L, 126. TRKVASIOS, iupporttrt, II., 284. TREVELYAN, antu, I., 249 ; supporUrt,
283. TREVES, Prince Archbishop, Elector uf,
ai-mii, L, 151. TREVISO, amu, II., 133. TRlSVOASEC, M< LOH^AC. TREVOR, motto, II., 886. TRIANGI, CounU, an,u, I., 214. TriangU, 1., 110, 488. TRIBLE, amu, L, 74. TRICARDT, amu, I., 3-54 Ti-irking the tinctures, I., 71. TRICORNOT, Barons, arnu, I., 401. Tru-orpofott, I., 446.
1x0,1, I., PI. XXIV., fig. 10,
p. 224. TfnUnt, L, 447.
TRIE, GUILLAU.\IE DE, anns, I., 189. TRIEXT, PrinciiMility, amu, II., 121. TRIER, Prince-Archbishops, Electors of,
at'uu, I., 151. TRIERS, Eiiildtung zu dtf Waptn-kurut,
II., 12, 58, 117, 134. TRIESTE, a,;,u, II., 12 >. TRLMLESTOWN, BARNEWALL, I^rd,
arnu, I., 180. TRIMNELL, ert$t, I., 810. TRINACRTA, S»fmljol of, I., 219. TRINITY COLLEGE, OXFORD, amu,
I., 303. Tr!i>artid, L, 447. Triitjyant, I., 245.
„ Tripping, I., 447.
TRI8SINUS, J. G., Italia aOot/iu liberata,
I., 2«30. TRIVULZI, amu, L, 101, 213. TROGOFF, amu, L, 198. TROLLES, amu, I., 319. TROMBY I., amu, t., 401. TRO.MENEC, amu, L, 191. TROMP, VAN, amu, II., 293. Troinpat, I., 488. Tronconne, I., 48S. TRONCOSO, amu, L, 836. Trononiii, I., 447. TROPPAU, amu, 11., 115. TROTTI, amu, I., 90.
BENVOGLIO, Marquises of,
amu, II., 162. TROTTI BR, a,-nu, I., 391. Trout, I., PL XXIX.. fig. 10, p. 278. TROUTBECK, amu, I., 285 ; PI. XXIX.,
fig. 10, p. 278.
ft
II fl
TROUTBECK, m-MUh, II., 248. TROWBRIDGE, amu, I., 378. TRUCHSESS DE KULBNTHAL, amit,
I., 170. TruJt'eU an charge*, I., 861. TRUUENDIN, Counts von, armif I.,
102. Trumpett <u ehnrgtt, I., 400. TRUMPINGTON, amu, I., 401. Truncated, Trunktd, I., 447. Trunked, I., 447.
TRUSBUT, Baron of WARTRE, arnu, I., 872. „ ROSA, I., 872.
TRU8BUTT, badge, II., 400. TRUSSELL, amu, I., 107. Tr^uainu, I., 274, 447. TRUTEMNE, BANVILLB DE, ornu, I.,
78. TRYE, o»»M, I., 140. TRZYKETI, amu, I., 252. TUBAL-CAIN, II., 298. TUCKER, amu, I., 314 ; PI. XXX., fig.
11, p. 304. TUDOR, Irtuhm, II., 222.
EDMUND, annir, II., 27. House of, I., 805. JASPAR, amu, II., 27. litery, II., 873. livery coloart, II., 223. MARY, on»u, II., 182. -MAWK, RHYS AP, arm, II., 221. TUNSTALL, amu, I., 407.
CUTHBERT, Bishop of DURHAM, amu, II., 183. TttFEL, amu, I., 202. TUITE, motto, II.. 885. Tulipi a* charge*, I., 355. TURBINE, ar»ur, 1., 161. TURENNE, nrmi, II., 81.
,, Vicomtes de, amu, I., 105,
TURKEY, ar.iu, II., 342. Titrk'a head a* a enlarge, I., 218. TttRLING, arnu, I., 97. TURNBULL, ar,tu, I., 247; PI. XXVII.,
fig. 2, p. 250 ; itiotto, II., 388. Turned- up, I., 447. Turnip as a eharae, I., 361. TURPIN DE VINAY, amu, I., 878.
„ Life of Charlemagne, II., 806. Tur retted, I., 447. TURRETTINI, amu, L, 100. TUSCANY, cockfule, II., 877.
Grand dnchj, arma, II., 124. „ Dukes of, coronetf II., 264. „ MEDICI, Grand Dukes of,
amu, I., 203. Tu*ked, I., 447. Tuvau, II., 289. TWEE DIE, arm*, I., 155. TWEEDDALE, HAY, Marqness of, amu,
II., 138, TWENGE, MARMADUKE de, amu, 1.,
277; II., 173. Tico-hewied eagle, I., PI. XXVIII., fig. 2,
p. 250. TYLER, tnotto, II., 383.
„ WAT, L, 363. Tyne*, I., 244. TYRAWLEY, O'HARA, Lord, arm, 1.,
132.
II II
( Si8 )
TTRCONNEL, Earla of, anut, I., 153. TYRE, WIT.LIAM of, HistmHaJkltiSaen,
I., 255. TYROFF, Wappenbuch dcg AdeU de»
Kiinltjrtich* Baieiii, I., 320, 300; II.,
112, 117. TYROL, County, arum, XL, 82, 121, 324,
335. TYRONE, O'NEILL, Earl of, aitoM, L,
217. TYRREL, arnu, I., 150.
UFFELE, Barons von, arm», I., 170. UFFORD, D', anM, I., 153.
„ RALPH DE, ania, 11., 76. UGGLAS, Counts, arms, IL, 168. UITENHAGE, win*, I., 169. ULF, anH», II., 399. ULMES, Counts des, rupportert, I.,
210. ULSTER, badge, L, 217; on>w, II., 17, 101, 180.
„ DB BURGH, Barl of, miim, I.. 152. JOHN DE BURGH, Earl of, amiM, II., 71.
„ King of Arms, L, 899 ; II., 145, 295 849.
„ LION^EL, Earl of, annr, II.,
17. ULSTER'S Reghto', L, ISJ. ULYSSES, L,816. Uinbratctl, I., 447. UMFRAVILLE, GILBERT DE, Earl of
ANGUS, arm*, I., 340. Undh, Utuly, I., 447. Undy, I., 70 ; fig. 27, p. 86. UnuuM, I., 244, 447. Unicorn, I., 447.
,, <ni a charfft, I., 311.
„ Sta-, cut a chnrpt, I., 812. Unicorng' htcuU, L, PI. XXX., fig. 10, p.
304. Union-Jwir, II., 808. UNITED KINGDOM, Flag of, II., 164. UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, ariM,
II., PI., XXVIII., fig. 2, p. 338 ; arh\»
and 9upj>oyUr, 287 ; Hag of, 313. UNIVERSITY COLLEJGE, OXFORD,
(trm», I., 166. UNRUH, Counts, aruut, I., 22.'>. UPLAND, Duke of, coronH, IL, 204.
„ FRANCIS GUSTAVUS
OSCAR, Duke of, arnu, II., 58. UPTON, ami*, I., 169.
„ NICHOLAS, quoted, L, 222. ViiMjountTEMPLETOWN, anas,
I., 169. URBACH, Barons von, aniui, I., 86. URBAN VI., Poi)e, arhn, 1., 268. URBINA, aim*, I., 370. URBINO, DELLA ROVERE, Dukes of, (inu«, I., 836. MONTE FELTROS, Dukes of,
ami*, 1 1., 134. U^xhin, I., 447.
,, Ota chargf, I., 251. Urde(, troM, I., 171. „ Unly, I., 447. l^rrfy, fig. 33, I., 85, 87. URGEL, Counts of, ariM, II., 105. Urinant, I., 447.
URQUHART, ADAM, am«, II., 65. ,, ortM, 1., 240.
If • f
>i >« >i i> »i
URSIN8, DKS, ann*, L, PI. XL, fig. ^ p. 128; II., 73, 91, 821.
„ „ Marquises of TRAIXEL,
ariM, I., ISO. URSO, IL, 212.
USENBERG, Lordship, ar%u*, II., 115. USEZ, CRUSSOL, Due <!', amw, L, 103. USHER, aiwM, I., 235, 890 ; PI. XXV., fig. 8, p. 234.
,, ULSTER, King of Anns, onM*;
I., 396. UTRECHT, PHILIPPE, Bishop of. II.,
200. UZEL, COfiTQUEN, CounU d*, ann*. 1.,
104.
Vacht, I., 488.
VACHE DE LA TOUCHE, LA, onM, I., 247. Sir ROBERT DE LA, on**, II., 18. VACHER, aniM, I., 247. VAI, ann», I., 78.
Vair, I., 69, 70, 77, 447, 488 ; PI. IV., fig. 6, p. 70. ancifnt I., 77; PL IV., fig. 5, p. 70. antitiue, I., 488. appoints, I., 78. cocUs, I., 80. contrt, I., 7S. eoiiHter, I., 78. en pal, I., 79, 4S8. in bend, I., 79.
in pale, I., 78 ; PI. IV., fig. 8, p. 70. utuJif, I,, 77 ; PI. IV., fig. 9, p. 70. tnule, L, 77, 488. Vahr, I., 80, 447, 488. VAI RE ariM, I., 80. VAIRIERE, anM, L, 80. Vniry, I., 80.
„ guUtandor, I., PI. IV., fig. 10, i». 70. Vaintau, I., 488. VAISSETTE, quoted, I., 45. VALAY,***- LAUNAY. VALENCIA, aniM, I., 379 ; IL, 100, VALENCE, DE, oi-iti*, I., 101; IL, 46, 86; PL UL, figs. 10, II, 12,
„ ETHELMAR DE, Bishop of *\
WINCHESTER, Unnb and arttu, I., 46. label of, IL, 18. WILLIAM DB, IL, 80. ,, „ „ Earl of PEM-
BROKE, Bhield, L, 123; anit«, II., 46. VALENCIA DE CAMPOS, JOHN, Duke
of, arm*, 1 1., 204. ,
VALENTIN, iHOito, IL, 886. l
VALENTINOIS, DIANE DE POITIERS,
Duchesse de, arm*. II. S2. „ GOYON'* Dukw of,
aruu, L, 828. GRIMALDI, Dukes of, aim*, L, 110. VALBTTB, LA, Motto, IL, 882. VALKENBURG,orw*, I., 227. Vallarjf Crotrn, L, 447. VALLE, wo«o, IL, 380. VALLET8, AvMo ^al de Beriy, I., 378. VALLGORNERA, anu*, I., 137. VAL0INE8, ann*, I., 101, ISS.
•I
I*
( 519 )
>>
II
II
It
II
VALOINES, PHIL P DB, ual, I., 62. VALOIS, CHARLES, Count de, a-est,
IL, 228, 229. ,, Comte de, ereMt,
IT., PI. XXL, fig. 9, p. 230. „ DB, Due D'AN-
GOUL&ME, IL, 194. ELIZABETH DE, ootcn, II.,
258 Figure from seal of PH I LIPPE, Comte de, IL, PI. XXIV., fig. 1, 1). 800. PHILIPPE DB, creM, IL, 229. „ Bee ST. REML
VAL0NII8, DE, anM, I., 101, 133. Valour, Order of, L, ltJ4. VAL0YNE8, ann», L, 106. VALSA88INA, County of, a^int, L, 220. VALTEUTOUN, ann», L, 283. Vatubrace, I., 447. Vambi'oceJ^ I., 447. Vamplatf, I., 447. Van, Prtsfix, IL, 408. VAN DIIONGEN, ann», I., PI. XXVIIL, '
flg. 8, p. 256. VANDAL! A, urma, IL, 840. VANDALS, nrniM of the, IL, 327, 340. VANDEPUT, rtr»w, L, 283. Vandtr, Prefix, II. , 408. VANDYKE, IL, 345. VANNELATS, nmu, L, 287. Vannet, L, 287, 448. VanneU, L, 488. VANNS, an^M, L, 215. VAQUER, antui, L, 247. VAUAMBON, RYE, Afarqnefs de, arm*,
L, 268. VARANO, Dukes de CAMERINO, aiiTU,
L, 80. VARDES, DU BBC, Maiquiaes de, anns,
L, 819. VARELA, artiit, L, 370. VARENCHON, arm*, L, 80. VARENNB, JOHN DE, a>->/w, IL, 177. VARENNE8, arms, IL, 39i\
„ DE, quoted, IL, 172.
VARGAS, w« MORENO. VAROQUIER, amuf, L, 217. VARROUX, L, 78.
VASA, ariM, IL, 68, 207, 264, 342, 412. „ GUSTAF, L, 333. ,, HouM of, IL, 110. ,, Royal House of, L, 839. VASMANLAND, province, anus, L, 332. VA88ALL, nrriM, IL, 154 VATATZE8, ann$, L, 262. VAUDEMONT, arniM, I., 104 VAUDETARE, ttr«i«, L, 102. VAUDRBY, niotto, IL, 380. VAUGHAN, arwM, L, 236, 288; PL XXX., fig. 8, i>. 304. „ Earl of LISBURNE, amu,
L, 351. VAUGUYON, Dues de la, anM, L, 887. VAUS, arnut, IL, 191. VAUX, or»w, IL, 93.
,, Mef PONT. VAVASSBUR, MALGERUSorM AUGER,
LE, a^fiisi, L, 410. VAVA8SOUR, amut, I., 410. VEALB, on)w, L, 247. VECQUEMAN, amm, L, 832. VEEN, VAN, arwi*, I., 147, 197.
It It
VEER, County of, amis, L, 134. VEGA, LOPE DB, quoted, IL, 382. Vefjetablt* as chorrjes, I., 860. VEGNUDINI ar}as, L, 210. VBJAR, ZUfiflGAS, Dukes of, amu, I.,
311. VELASCOS, supjmtcrs, IL, 285. VELDENZ, anns, 1 1., 340. VELEN, Counts of, arm*, L, 270. VELKIERCH, arm*, L, 389. VELOHT, *(e RBNAUD. VBNABLE8, omji, L, 137. VENASQUB, arui*, I., 170. VENUELINI, arms, L, 147. VENDBUIL, CLAIRAMBAULT,
Marquis de, arms, L, 235. VENDOMB, CESAR, Due de, arms, II., 104. Counts de, L, 40; ai'ms, 114. JEAN, Mtard de, arms, 11. , 105.
„ LOUIS, Com to de, IL, 195.
VBNDRAMINI, arms, I., 96; PL VL, fig.
4 p. 94. VENICE, antw, L, PI. XXIV., flg. 11, p. 224; IL, 134. ,, Doge of, aniuf, IL, 132; PL
VI L, fig. 2, p. 130; coronet, 264. „ Kingdom, arms, IL,124, 125.
„ Republic of, anas, I., 232.
VENNINGEN, firms, L, PL XXXIII.,
fig. 6, p. 352. ,, Baruns, arms, L, 350.
VENTADOUR, LEVIS, Dues de, arms,
L, 150. Vmus, I., 72, 448. VERA, DE, arms, L, SO. VERAC, Marquises de, arm^i, I., 152.
„ ST. GEORGE, Marquis de, sup- porters, L, 319. VERBRUGGE, arms, L, 141 ; PI. XTIL,
fig. 6, p. 140. VERDON, nrm-s, L, 106, 107, 192.
„ THEOBALD DE, arms, IL, 71. Sir CHRISTOPHER DE. arms, IL, 47. „ Sir JOHN DE, am*, IL, 47. Verdot/, I., 448.
VERDUN, ALIX DB, arms, IL, 274. VERDUZAN, arms, I., 202. VERB, AUBREY DE, Earl of OXFORD, arms, II. , 46. ,, badge, IL, 401. „ DB, arms, L, 325 ; PL X., fig. ?,
p. 116; IL, 46. ,. Earl of OXFORD, bmhe, IL, 400. „ HUGH DE, bonlure, IL, 26. ,, motto, IL, 380.
„ ROBERT DB, Duke of IRE- LAND, anus, L, 3iH>; IL, 148. ,, „ ,, Earl of OX-
FORD, arms, 1 1., 46. VERBT, arms, L, 80. Vergette, I., 138, 488. VERGBYLL. anas, I., 286. VBRGIER, DU, Mai^nis de la ROCHE-
JAQUBLEIN. motto, IL, 382. VERGIL, POLYDORE, quoted, IL, 34J. VERONE, DE LA, an»ji, L, 200. VBROY, ANTOINB DB, arm*, 1 1., 28.
( S20 )
VBRGY, arau, II., 109.
OUILLAUMB DE, II., 200. JEANNE DB, II., 109. VBKITA, Coant, motto, II., 880. VERMAND0I8, aniw, I., 136; IL, 129. „ RAOUL, Coute de,
aruM and banner , II., 800. VERME, LOUIS DEL, arm*, II., 167. VERNE Y, DU, arnu, I., 293. VERNON, amu, L, 859; deteeni, II., 4; motto, 380. Marqiii* de BONNBUIL,
arMM, I., 823. RICHARDB DE, teal, L, 69. VERONA, ariM, 1., 152 ; IL, 133. VERREYQUEN, Countode, SART, antu,
I., 147. VERUSALEM, ar»i», I., 195. Fen-y, I., 80.
VERSHOOR, anns, I., 896. Verai, I., 488. Vert, I., 66, 72, 448. ,, field alone, I., 74. „ or Green, I., PI. III., fig. 6, p. 66. „ repreaented by diagonal lined, I., 7L VerttnelU, L, 488. VBRTHAMONT, anm, I., 226. Vti'vtU, Vtn-ulcA, VerrtU, I , 448. VESCI, AGNE5J, wife of EUSTACE, Barons de, aeal, IL, 66. „ VE8EY, Viscount de, armt, L, 161. VBSENTINA, arm*, L, 208. VBSEY, Viscount de VESCI, arms, 1..
161. VESPUCCI, arm*, I., 294. Venteti, L, 448. Velu, L, 99, 488. ,, counttrchangtd, I., PI. VL, fig. 11,
p. 94. „ en ovale, 1., 488. ,, en ronde, L, 4SS. VEXIN, CHAUMONT, Comtes du, arm*, IL, 312. ,, Counts of the, IL, 810. „ SIMON, last Count of the, IL, 311. VIALART, nnM, L, 165. VI AX, LOUIS, Xa Particule Noi/diwre, II.,
404 404k VIANDEN, Counts of, arnw, L, 134; IL,
108, 206. VIARO, ami*, L, 181. VICENZA, an»jji, I., 152; IL, 133. Victoria Crott, L, 164. VICTORIA and ALBERT, Badge of the
Order of, IL. 867. ORDER OF,
IL, 356. Ribbon of Order of, IL, 358. CROSS, II., 359.
„ Ribbon*, IL, 360. Queen of GREAT BRITAIN, II. , 4, 23, 263, 333, 851 ; arm*, 829 ; eroicn, 250. Vidame, coronet of a, IL, 267. Vidt, I., 488. VIE, AMBROISB, Sienr de MESNIL-
CAUJON, n., 406. VIBNNB, orwM, L, 268.
>i
»i
II
II
II
11
II
II
II
VIENNE JACQUBS DB, arm*, IL, PI.
XIIL, fig. 1, p. 156. VIBNNOIS, CHARLBS, Dauphin de, fupporter, IL, 277. BEATRICE, Daaphlne de,
*upporter», IL, 272. Dauphin de, I., 283 ; «niu,
282 HUHBBRT IL, Dauphin de, ttipparter*, II. ,274. ,, 111., Danphin
de, L, 282. JEAN, Dauphin de, «itppor- Ur, II. , 277. VIERACKER, VAN, ana*, L, 170. VIEUILLB, LOUIS DE, IL, 803. VIEUXCHATBLDBKERLEORET, DU.
arm*, I., 375. Viffilance, L, 275, 448, 488. Vigilant, I., 448. VIGNACOURT, DE, ADRIAN and
ALOP, arm*, L, 350. VIGNAY, ann*, I., 378. VILAIN XIV., motto, IL, 380.
LE SIRE DB, arm*, XL, 35. ViUni, L, 488. VILLA, ann*, I., 106. VILLAGOMEZ, ann*, I., 167. VILLALOBOS, OSORIO, Count of, arm*,
IL, 180. VILLEHARDOUIN, arm*, L, 168. VILLEPROUVA, ann*, L, 143. VILLEQUIER, ann*, I., 167. VILLERSFARLAY, GLANNBS, Barons
de,a)*))M, I., 360. VILLETTECHIVRON, arms, IL, 73. VILLIERS, arm», IL, 126.
DB L'ISLE ADAM, amu, I . 218. VILLY, arm*, L, 3.56. VIN, w«PAIN. VINAY, >ite TOUR.
9ce TURPIN. VINCENT, arm*, I., 340; PL XXXIL,
fig. 12, p. 336. Vincent'* MS,, XL, 247, 324. Vine* a* a charge, L, 836. VINESAUF, GEOFFREY, ekronkU, L,
223, VINEY, ann*, L, 857. VIOLA, ann*, L, 398. Violet a* a charge, I. , 856. Violin a* a charge, I., 898. Violi'neello a* a charge, I., 398. VIPONT, JOHN DE, arm*, IL, 175. Vires, I., 205, 448, 488; PL XXIL,fig. 10,
p. 196. VIRGIL, quoted, I., 40. VIRGIN, BLESSED, a$ a eka}'fff, X., 207. VIRIEU, arm*, L, PI. XXIL, fig. 10, p. 196.' „ Counts de, arm*, L, 205. ViroU, I., 400, 488. Viroled, 1., 448.
VISCONTI, arm*, I., 288 ; PI. XXX., fig. 2, p. 304; ere*t, 289. „ GIAN OALEAZZO, Duke of
MILAN, arm*, IL, 61. „ J BAN GALEAZZO, tomb, I.,
288. „ MAFFBO, arm*, IL, 157.
Viscount, coronet of a, IL, 266. VISDELOU, IL, 405.
( 5*1 )
VITHA (.Voriee), shuld, I., PI. I., fig. 8, p. 44. „ ROBERT DB, leoJ, I., 48. „ MeHdPITAL. VIVIER DE T^NSAC, DU, arms, I., 74.
,, «« C50STB. Kic»V, l.,86, 488. Vitor, I., 448. VLADIMIR, arrM, II., 388.
„ Emperor of RUSSIA, erotcn,
fig. 22, p. 2(52 ; 11. , 262. VLA8BLOMS, on««, I., 356. VLIEQE, ttJWM, I., 294. VLIET, VAN, amu, I., 198. VOERST, Barona, ainoi, I., 150. VOET, anus, I., 220. Vogt, eoi'&net of a, II., 267. Voguant, I., 489.
VOGUE, Marquises de, armt. I., 277. Vaidtd, I., 448. I'oider, I., 196, 448. VOIGT DB RIENECK, Counte, ai-nis, 1..
248 V0I8EN0N, »ce FUSEE. Vol, L, 271, 448, 489. ,, fihaiMt, un, I., 271. ,, bannertt, II., 489. Volant, I., 271, 448, 489. Volcano a$ a charge, I., 832. VdLCKER, VON, oniw, I., 99. VoUt, II., 489. VOLKARD, amis, II., 85. Vols bannereis, II., 238. VOLTAIRE, set AROUET. VOLTERRA, amis, I., 806 ; PI. XXX.,
fig. 4, p. 304. VOLUNTEER OFFICER'S DECORA- TION, II., 360 ; ribbon of, 361. VOLZ, arms, L, 161. Von, The p<irticule, II., 48.
,, Use of word, I., 14. VOORST, Barons, anns, I.. 150. Vorant, L, 448.
VOS, CoantM van, aitns, I., 243. VOSSBERO, DU Siegtl dts MUtelaltiers,
II., 274. VoiUe, I., 489. Voutfe, I., 148.
VRANX D'AMELIN, svpporttrtt, L, 809. VREE, de SfgkeUn der Gi-aven van Vlaen- dren (Sigilla ComUum Flan- drU>), L, 45, 46, 49, 257, 264, 265, 348 ; II., 98, 107, 277. ,, Qinhilog'u da Cmntes de Flandre (Gnntaloffia Comitum Finn- dria), I., 60, 64, 79, 187, 256, 259, 263, 347, 371; II., 16, 17, 27, 28, 40, 48, 70, 72, 75. 77, 78, 70, 88, 96, 98, 120, 197, 198, 199, 218, 261, 273, 289, SOI, 318, 324, 390 „ Works of, 11., 8. VREYHOFS, ajtns, L, 374. VROOMBAUT, artns, I., 170. Vulnant, Vulning, I., 448. Vulned, I., 448. Vulning, 1., 276. Vulture OM a charge, T., 272. VYVYAN, arm*, II., 164.
WACHTER, an>u, I., 275.
WACKEN, ANTOINE, Seigneur de,orm*.
IL, 200; PI. XVL. fig. 6, p. 172. WALPUT, ai-ms, L, PI. V., fig. II, p. 88.
WAELSCAPPEL, amu, I., 137. WAES, arms, I., 195. WAHLEN, arms, I., 286. WAKE, arms, II., 109. „ knot, II., 212. „ of Lvdel, arms, II., 20, 109. WALAIN, JEAN DE BERQHES, Seig.
near de, arms, 1 1., 201. WALDAU, VON, arms, II., 399. WALDBURO, Princes von, amis, I., 859. WALDECK, anns, II., 114; PI. VII., fig. 6, p. 96. ,, Counts of, II., 106; anns,
12, 114. „ Princes of, amu, I., 326 ; IT.,
112, 114. WALDEGRAVE, amis, I., 88 ; PI. V., fig.
1, p. 88. WALDENFELS, Barons von, amis, I.,
812. WALDBRSEE, Connts, amis, I., 92. WALDPOT, Counts of, amis, I., 93. WALES, amu, I., 237 ; II., 221.
ARTHUR, Prince of, H., 19; bmige, 222. ,, batlge, I., 305 ; II., 225. ,, CHARLES, Prince of, arms, I., 237. CHARLOTTE of, Uibel, fig. 2, ir. 20 22. „ E I) WAR'd, Prince of, II., 822;' amu, 14. FREDERICK, Prince of, If.,
22. HENRY, Prince of, IL, 19;
mantling, 247. LLEWELLYN AP GRIFFITH, Prince of NORTH, arins, I., 237. ,, Prince of, I., 359; ainns, 141; badge, 275 ; II., 361 ; badge, 218 ; coiy>net, 122 ; crotcn, 256, 263 ; label, 21 ; fig. 1, pp. 20, 22. Prince of SOUTH, arms, IL, 221. „ Reil-Dragon of, II., Ill, 228, 326. WALEWSKI, COLONNA, Counts, amu,
I., 380. WALHEIM, Counte of, amu, IL, 201. WALKER, anns, 1., 214. WALKIN8HAW, amu, L, 334. WALLACE, amu, L, 226.
,, of Ellerslie, amu, IL, 80,
192. „ Sir RICHARD, amu, IL,
187 188. ,, Sir WILLIAM, I L,8L
WALLACHIA, amu, IL, 341. WALLENKODT, Counts, amu, L. 393. WALLENSTEIN, Dukes of FRIED- LAND, anns, L, 101, 233; IL, 159. WALLONCAPELLE, amu, L, 137. WALLOP, otttt, I., 318. WALLPUT, omw, I., 93. Tra^« as charges, L, 379. WALMODEN, Counts of, arms, L, 246. Walnuts as charges, L, 359. WALSH, Count, arms, L, 867. WALSINGHAM, DE GREY, LonL amu,
IL, 49. „ Sir EDWARD arms, I.,
403. WAT^TONB, amu, I., 245.
( 522 )
ft
WALTERS, LUCY, II., 182. WALWORTH, Sir WILLIAM, I., 86». WANCY, arnu, L, 408. WANOELIN, arms, I., 88. WappenrolU van Zurich, see Zui-ich. WARD, anns, L, 162.
„ ViaoouDto BANGOR, ai-mSj L, ItKt. WARDE, DE LA, anas, I., 80. WARDEN, a-i-ms, I., 368. WARN8TEDT, CHRISTOPHER, crest,
L, 817. WAROQUIER, arms, I., 217. WARREN, on»w, L, 136; PI. VIII., flg. 6, p. 100; II., 102, 15L label of, IL, 18. mantling, IL, 247. Earl of SURREY, arms, I., 108. „ JOHN, Earl DE, arms. If.,
„ RAN17LF DE, arms, IL, 177.
„ Sir JOHN DE, arms, II., 176.
„ Sir WILLIAM DE, arms, II. ,
177. „ WILLIAM DE, arms, IL, 83 ; PI. III., flg. 6, p. 82. WARREN NE, arms, 1 1., 202. WARTENBERO, Barons von, arms and
supporters, I., 225 ; 1 1., 286. „ Counts von, anns, II.,
144. see BRAUN. WARTRB, TRUSBUT, Baron of, arms,
I. 372. WARWICK, Earl of, batlge, 1 1., 400.
,, Earls of, arms, I., 368; II.,
45. „ ELLA, Countess of, seal,
II., 67. „ NEVILLE, Earl of, arms, L,
154 ; Uulffe, 1 1., 212. RICHARD, Karl of, II. , 322. „ BEAUCHAMP,
Earl of, arms, L, 172; II., 109 ; badge, 212. „ ROGER DE NEWBURGH,
Earl of, seal, I., 51. „ THOMAS DE NEWBURGH,
Earl of, II. , 67. „ THOMAS, Earl of, lambre-
quin, II., 245. WASABORO, Counts of, ania, IL, 207. Wa^ps as charges, I., 297. WASSLEY, arms, I., 169. WASSENAER, VAN, Counts, anM, I.,
824. WASSERBURG, Count VON, Umb and
arms of, I., 45. WASTERLBY, anns, I., 169. WA8TINE, MONTMORENCY, arms, II.,
61. Water as a charge, I., 329. „ Bags, or Water Budgets, L, 448. ,, bubbles as a charge, I., 329. „ Budget, L, PI. XXXIV., flg. 12, p.
864. I, ,, as a charge f I., 971.
WATERHOUSE, arms, I., 156. WATERTON, arms, L, 283. WATRINS, arms, I., 364. WATSON, arms, L, PI. XXXII., fig. 4, p. 386.
M II
WATSON, motto, IL. 880.
„ Memoirs of the Earls ^ Warren
and Surrey, II., 177. ,, of Saughton, arms, I., 831.
WATSON'S Notes on PLAXCHE'S Boll,
L, 124; IL, IL Wattled, L, 448.
WAUCHOPE of Niddry, arms, L, 359. WAUNCY, arms, L, 408. WAVRIN, Counts of, arms, I., 179. „ HELLIN DE, seal, L, 5St ROBERT DE, seal, L, 52. Wavp, I., 84, 448 ; fig. 27, pp. 85, 86. WAYE, arms, L, 187. WEALE, Mr, quoted, I., 71. Wearing Apparel as charges, I., 407. WBDDERBURN, anus, I., 343. Weel, I., 448,
WEIMAR, anns, IL, 833, 334. WEISSENWOLFP, Counts of, arms, 1..
241 ; IL, 157. Weir, Wear, I., 448. WELLES, amu, I., 226.
„ Lord, badge, II., 400.
WELLINGTON, Duke of, anns, IL, 154 ;
PI. X., flg. 4, p. 140. WELLS, arms, I., 204. WELBER, Rer. August. Vindel. Onm., I.,
21. WEMYSS, anas, II. , 56. WENCESLA8, Emperor, II., 91. WENDEN, Duchy, anns, L, 301 ; IL, 330,
831. WBNLOCK, LAWLEY, Lord, arvu, L. 162. „ I^rds, arms, I., 163.
WENTWORTH, Lord, badge, II., 401. WENZESLAUS, Emperor of tlie
ROMANS, seat, L. 268. King of BOHEMIA.
seal, 1., 263. WERKHOVEN, motto, II. , 3SC. WERDENBERO, Counts of, arms, I..
3S9 * II 18 WERDENSTBIN, VON, arms, L, 108. WERIANT, arms, I., 881. WERLE, arms, IL, 116. WERMELAND, province, arms, L, 267. WERN1GER0DB, Counts von, arms, I.,
2S4. WERTHEIM, an)is, IL, 68. WerveU, I., 4f:8. WESEL, VAN, anns, II., 34. WESEMAEL, Sires de, anns, I., 350 ; IL.
12. WESEMALE, GERARD DE, arms, IL,
12. WEST, anns, L, PI. XII., fig. 2, p. 134. „ Earl DELAWARR, anns, L, 185. WESTCAPPEL, arms, I., 137. WESTERBURO, anns, IL, 58. WESTERREICH, Counts VON, arms, I..
96. WESTLEY, anns, I., 169, WESTMEATH, NUGENT, Marquisea of,
arms, I., 137. WESTMINSTER, GROSVENOR, Duke
of, amis, L, 359. WESTMORELAND, NEVILLE, Earl of,
arms, L, 154. WESTON, Bishop of EXETER, arms, I..
161.
( 523 )
WESTPHALIA, Duchy, ai-m* T., 249
267; II., 3*29,333.334,837. WKTTIN, Honae of, I., 225. WETRAGHS, arms, I., 388. WhaU cu a charge, I., 285. WHALLEY ABBEY, arms, I., 286.
,, amu, I., 286.
WHARTON, badge, II., 400.
,, Lord, anns, I., 392.
Wheat ear as a charge, I., 40(5.
,, ^ieai'es as eharf/ns, I., 359. Whelis as charges, I., 287. IFhirlpool, I., 204, 449. Whistle cbs a charge, I., 402. White, I., 66.
WHITGRBATE, arms, IL, 153. WHITH0R8B, anns, I., 108. WIASBMSKI, Princes, arms, I., 280. WICHERS, ar,„s, h, 357. WIDVILLE, arms, L, 176; II., 322.
„ Qneen ELIZABRTU, arms,
I., 325 ; IL, 321 ; support- ers, S25. „ Sir RICHARD, IL, 322.
WIED, PrinoeHS von, arms, I., 137,
279. WIEDERHOLD, Barons von, anM, L,
248. WIOMUR, ai-^M, I., 127, 142. WIJER, Barons de, arms, I., 122. WILBRAHAM, arms, L, 142; PL XIIL, fig. 7, p. 140.
WILDENFETA ««>«, H., 112.
„ Lonlship, arms, I., 842.
WILDEN'VEIA arms, I., 236. WILFENDINGEN, arms, L, 398. WILHELM, Emperor, IL, 275. WILKIE, arms, I., 136. WILKINSON, arms, L, 811.
„ The Ancient Egjfptians, I.,
18. WILL, arms, L, 209, 877. WILLEMENT'S Roll, IL, 93. WILLIAM L, King of ENGLAND, L, 26. L, King of the NETHER- LANDS, IL. 371. „ IIL, (of ORANGE), King of
GREAT BRITAIN, ai^ns, L, 128; IL, HI, 328; PL XXVL, figs. 0 and 7, p. 330 ; arms and supporterm, 326 ; motto, 335. IV., KING of GREAT BRITAIN, arms, L, 249; IL, 188, 829, 332, 348. King of the ROMANS, IL, 83. „ le BMtard of NORMANDY,
IL. 404. of NORMANDY, L, 52. ORDER OP, IL,371. RUFU8, King of ENGLAND,
banner, IL, 299. THE CONQUEROR, King of ENGLAND, IL, 318; arms, 317 ; banner, 299 ; crown, 255. „ the Lion, King of SCOT-
LAND, L, 51, 157 ; IL, 31, 809. WILLIAMS, arms, L, 364; PL XXVL, flg. 6, p. 240. ,, Lord, arms, L, 402.
„ -WYNNE, amis, L, 243.
»»
II
II
WILLINGHAM, arms, L, 75. WILLOUGHBY, arms, L, 106: badgf,
IL, 400, 401. „ DE BROKE, bailge, fL,
401. Willov cu a charge, I., 835. WILMOT, arms, L, 117; PI. X., fig. 4, p. 116. ,, Earl of ROCHESTER, anns, L, 116. WILTSHIRE, SCROPE, Earl of, arms,
IL, 98. WIMBORNE, Lord, supporters, IL, 297. WINCH ELS EA, Earls of, arms, L, 360. WINCHESTER, Bishop of, IL, 346.
„ COLLEGE, arms, L,
352. DE QUINCY, Earls of.
arms, I., 105. MARGARET, widow of Earl of, seal, IL, 66. „ PAULETorPOWLETT,
MaxT[aefl8 of, arms, I., 868. WINDECK, arms, I., 174. WINDISCH GRATZ, Princes of, arms, I.,
241 286. WINDI8CHE-MARK, ornM, L, 390; IL,
125. WINDSOR, arms, L, 154; banlge, II., 402. ,, Lord, badge, L, 400.
WINDYGATE, arms, L, 382. Wingetl, L, 449.
„ Lion, L, PL XXIV., fig. 11, p. 224. Wings,!., PL XXVIIL, fig. 5, p. 256. WINTER, motto, IL, 885. WINTON, Earl of, aiins, IL, 67.
„ JOHN, Earl of, arms, II.,
l.'S6. MONTGOMERIE, Eail of, arms, L, 205. WISE, an«j», L, 298. WISEMAN, anas, L, 864. WISH ART, oiVM, L, 157. WITH, anns, L, 802. WITT, JEAN DE, anns, L, 253. WITTGENSTEIN, Counts von, a»i»M, L,
133. WITTHEM, Seigneurs of, anns, IL, 201. WITTWER, n»i»«, L, 209. WITZLEBEN, Barons von, arms, L,
108. WLADISLAS, King of BOHEMIA,
croirn, IL, 269. WLADISLAW JAGELLON, King of
POLAND, seal, IL, 84. LOKIELET, King of POLAND, seal, IL, 84. ., IIL, King of POLAND,
seal, IL, 84. WODEWARD, JOHN, IL, 236. WOBSTINE, LOUIS LE FRISON, Seig- neur de, antts, IL, 197. WOHNSFLBTH, anas, I , 242. W0LCKBN8TEIN, Counts ZU, arms, L,
91, 148. WOLKKENSTEIN, arms, I., PL V., fig.
7, p. 88. WOLFFENBDTTEL, MAGNUS IL, of,
. anns, 1 1., 90. WILLIAM of, arms, IL, 90.
( 5^4 )
WOLFPSTHAL, ConnUi of, at-nu, h,
240. WOLFORT DB BORSELE, anns, II., 47. Wolf'n htcul OM a charpe, I., 241. >VO'LKENSTEIN, RODENEGGS,
Connto, anm, I., 148. WOLLASTON, arm*, I., 825; PI. XXXI.,
fig. 7, p. 322. WOLIiSTONECROFT, anut, I., Sl6. WOLRYCHE, amu, I., 274 ; PI. XXVIIL,
flff. 10, p. 25C. WOLSELBY, an»ij, I., Pi. XXVII., fig. 9, p. 250. ,, Visoount, arnu, I., 253.
WOLSKI, M« ROLA. Wolves cu ckargtit, I., 240. Wolre*' HeadM, I., PI. XXVI., fig. S, p.
240. WONZ,*a»-»M, I., 289, 290. WOOD, anM«, 1., Pi. XXXII., fig. 1, p. 336. ,, of Harestone, arvM^ 1., 883. WOODFORD, arrtw, I., 288. WOODHOUSB, motto, 11., 384. WoodhovM at a charge, I., 298. WoodiMin, I., 449. WOODSTOCK, bculffe, II., 401.
EDMUND of, badgt, II., 216. „ THOMAS of, arm*, II., 26.
WOODVILLE, ariM, I., 176; PI. XIX.,
fig. 4, p. 176. ANTHONY, Ix)rd SCALES, II., 199. „ Queen ELIZABETH,
aviM, I., 176, 825. WOODWARD, ariju, I., 246, 270; o*«t, TI., 236. „ Dr. JOHN, Eeelesitutieal
HeraUlty, I., 8, 70; II., 88, 105, 146, 158, 294. ,, „ Heraldry of Brittol
Cathedral, L, 318. ,, „ Ueraklry of Spain and
Portiiffal, I., 141, 14C. 184, 870. WORACZICSKYBISINGEN, Counto,
ajiM, I., 92. WORCESTER, CHARLES, SOMERSET,
Earl of, arms, II., 179. Words, L, PI. XXXVII., flg. 12, p. 894.
,, a* a ehat'ffe,, I., 409. WORDSWORTH, anns, I., 890. WORDT, Counta Ton, anus, I., 148. WORKMAN'S MS., I., 158, 882; II., 8,
290, 295. Worm as a charge, I. , 293. WORSI*EY, arms, I., 128. Worthies, anus of Sine, I., 20. WOUDES, VAN DEN, arms, I.. 298. WRANGEL, Count von, arms, II., 166. WRATISLAW, Counta VON, anns, L,
89. WRAZDA DE KUNWALD, Barons, arms,
IL, 160. Wreath, I., 449; II., 927. Wreathed, [., 449. Wreaths, II., 244.
,, eu charges, I., 854. WREDE, Count, a»T>w, I., 355. WREB, de Seghelen der Oravtn van
rifiendren, II., 800, 818. WRIGHT, on»u, I., 865; PI. XXXIV., fig. 8, p. 364; IL, 198.
»i
>?
WROTON, ttTiM, I., 158 ; PL XVIL, iig.
6, p. 156. WR0TTB8LBY, arms, IL, 83.
„ Bajuna, deteenty IL, 4.
WULF, DE, a}-na, L, 251. WOLFER, ariM, I., 248. WURMBRAND, Counto rem, ewnu, L,
806. WtJRTBMBERG, arms, IL, 842 ; cockade,
376. Duke ALEXANDEtl
of, ar»t«, IL, 143. Dukes of, armit L, 74, 869. „ CHARLOTTE, Qneen
of, Uibel, 6%. 2, IL, 20, 21. WYATT, arms, L, 874; PL XXXV., flg.
1, p. 876. WYNEGHAM, HAUDION, Connt de.
arttu, L, 194. WYER, liarons de, arms, I., 850. WYL, Barons VAN, arms, L. 104. WYLCOTE, Sir JOHN, lamJbrtguin, IL,
247. WYMBI8H, anas, L, 67. WYNDHAM, rrest, IL, 187. WYNFORD, Lord, supporters, II. , 298. WYNN, anus, L, 212, 226, 361. WYNNE, see WILLIAMS. WYNTWORTH, ai-ms, L, 161. WYOT, anM, L, 874. WYRLEY, True Use of Armes, II. , 8S. WYTHE, anM, I., 802. Wyvetn, I, 449; Pi. XXX., flg. 8, p. 304.
„ as a charge, L, 306. WYVILL, arms, L, 161 ; Pi. XIV., fig. 12,
p. 146.
XAINTRAILLES, arms, L, 162. XENOPHON, qtioted, L, 20. XERICA, JAMBS of, anns, II, 802. XERXES, personal insignia, L, 20. XICOTENCATL, anus, I., 24. XIMENBZ, arms, L, 74.
YARDLBY, arms, L, 258.
YARE, arms, L, 381 ; Pi. XXXIL,fig. 11,
p. 836. YARMOUTH, GREAT, seal, II. , SS. reltote, L, 66.
YEROPKIN, anns, I., 279. YNAI8, WILLIAM DE, badge, IL, 210. YOBNS, anus, L, 102. YON, see ROCHE.
YORK, CHARLES STUART, Duke of, anus, II. , 19. ,, Duchess of, IL, 217. Duke of, IL, 150, 361. BD.MOND of LANGLBT, Duke
of, arms, IL, 20 ; badge, 215. EDMUND of LANGLEY, Duke
of, ai-ms, II. , 17. EDWARD, Duke of, seal, IL,220. ELIZABETH of, arms, IL, 101.
828 FREDERICK, Duke of, label, IL, 21. „ GEORGE, Duke of, label, IL. 23. HENRY, Duke of, amu, IL, 19, 20. „ House of, aniu, IL, 180; tivety,
878. ,. JAMBS STUART, Duke of, amu, IL, 20.
( 5*5 )
YORK, label ot, II., 20.
„ RICHARD, Duke of, amu, II.,
109. „ See of, ai-nu, I., 391. „ White- Ao$e of, I., 342;'. II., 162, 215 247, YOUQHAL,' FITZGERALD, Lord of, II., 82. ,, Town of, amu, II., PI. IV.,
fig. 5, pp. 74, 82. YRUSTA, arnm, I., 370. YSARN, II., 405. Y8BMBART, tupportei'*, I., 320. YVB, oniw, 1., 133. YVES, tee CARTIER. YVON, see BOIS.
ZABIELIX), aiTM, I., 365. ZAGUARY, anns, II., 186. ZACHRKISS, arnv, I., 410. ZAHRINGEN, BERCHTOLD VOX,
.. shUUf, I., PI. I., flg. 9, p. 44. ZAHRINUEN, Dakes of, artru, I., 226. ZALEWSKI, CounU, arms, 1., 247. ZALLONl, arms, 1., 887. ZAMOISKY, antiA, I., 364. ZANCHINI, wins, I., 871. ZANGIACOMI, Barons, amis, I., 835. ZANI, aiiM, I.. 248. ZANTB, anus, II., 133. ZAPATA, annjt, [., 408. ZAPOL-ZAPOLSKI, Counts, aiitu, I.,
873 ZARA, Duchy, amis, II., 126. ZATOR, Ducliy, anus, II., 126. ZATRILLA, amis, I., 151. ZAUNE, anns, I., 331. ZAVALA, atms, I., 138. ZBOROWSKI, see RYTWIANY. ZEDTWITZ, Counts VON, arm*, L, 96. ZEILHOFENIN, arms, II., 74. ZELLE, GEORGE WILLIAM, Duke of,
II., 329.
i>
>> II II II
ZENO, arms, I., 106 ; PI. VIII., flg. 4, p.
100. ZEROTIN, anns, I., 267. ZGRAIA, on>M, 1., 73. ZMODSKI, atiM, 1., 866; PI. XXXVI.,
fig. 5, p. 880. ZOLLEKN, Counts of, arms, II., 68. ZON, arws, L, 321. ZORN, Barons of, ajitis, II., 229. ZOTRA, arms, I., 189. ZOUCHB, ALAIN, arms, II., 37.
ALEYNB LA, arms, XL, 10.
aims, I., 208 ; II., 33, 87 ; PI. III., figs. 4 and 5, p. 32.
JOHN, arms, 11., 87.
LA, btulge, II., 400.
ROGER, anus, II., 87.
Sir WILLIAM DE LA, arms,
„ WILLIAM I^, arms, II.,
10. ZUG, Canton of, arms, I., 134. Zuilen, IL, 12. ZULESTEIN, FREDERICK, Lord of,
arms, II., 206. ZUlJiGA, anus, I., 370. ZU^IGAB, Dukes of VEJAR, am«, I.,
311. ZURICH, arms, I., 91.
,, Canton of, arms and supported',
II., 287. Ziirich Wnppenrolle, L, 00, 77, 83, 89, 102,
103, 108, 181, 142, 149, 180, 194, 202,
225, 231, 236, 242, 248, 248, 251, 252,
253, 263, 268, 272, 277, 279, 301, 802,
337, 341, 877, 381, 386, 389, 898, 401,
407 ; II. , 8, 29, 85, 96, 219, 236, 237,
245 246 249 411. ZUTPliEN,'Countii of, arms, I., 226. Zuylen, I., 404. ZUYLEN, ar,M, I., 404. ZY?(EXi^, de Noiitia juris Belgici, II., 1,
283.
PRINTED BY W. AND A. K. JOHNSTON, IfDINUUROU AND LONDON.
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